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3. Jagtvej – unchanged street

3.1 Case Context and Existing Situation

3.1.1 Case Study Area and Character Sections Placement and direction of photos see Appendix 1, Map of case study area. (North is up.) where also house numbers and street names are shown. The street case includes the middle 1.68 km section of Jagtvej from Nørrebrogade (Nørrebro Runddel) in the southwest to Lyngbyvej/Nørre Allé (Vibenhus Runddel) in the northeast, see map on the right. The case study area is split into two character sections. Character section 1 is 650 metres long and goes from Nørrebrogade to Tagensvej and includes the junction at Nørrebrogade. This section is dominated of buildings from around 1900-1940 with many shops in ground floor and flats in upper floors. Section 1 has one traffic lane in each direction. The structure of the street network is fine-grained. Section 2 is 1,030 metres long and includes the end-junctions at Tagensvej and Lyngbyvej. The section is dominated of university buildings and student hostels on the southeast side of the street. It is a mix of new and up to 100 years old buildings. There are two traffic lanes in each direction and the street network is coarse-grained. The case study area represent the statistical area for most of the performance indicators, whereas only conditions on Jagtvej has been registered regarding built form, traffic control etc. Character section 1 (JA#1). Character section 2 (JA#2).

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3.1.2 Location Nørrebro is an old worker district consisting mostly of 2 rooms, low standard flats of 40-50 m2, which have resulted in a district with many low income residents, i.e. students, unemployed, retired people and immigrants. Income is about 12 per cent lower than average from Copenhagen. Appendix 2 shows the location of Jagtvej and the other five street cases in the arterial street/road network in the Municipality of Copenhagen. Jagtvej starts in southwest at Ågade and ends about 3.5 km later in the northeast at Østerbrogade. Ågade and Lyngbyvej are two of the largest radial streets in Copenhagen, whereas Nørrebrogade and Østerbrogade are prime shopping streets for the respective districts Nørrebro and Østerbro. Jagtvej is one of the most used “ring streets” between the ring street at the lakes close to city and Ring 2 just outside the older “bridge districts” for travel between central districts. Train and metro services are located quite far from Jagtvej. The stations in the city are located more than 2 km southeast of Jagtvej, whereas the stations on the ring line are located 1 km northwest of Jagtvej. Bus line 18(9) – a ring street line – runs all the way on Jagtvej with 255 trips on weekdays. Three bus lines 5A(18), 16(10) and 350S(11) runs on Nørrebrogade, line 10(6) on Tagensvej, line 42(9) and 43(3) on Lersø Parkallé, and line 1(9), 150S(6), 173E(3), 184(3) and 185(3) on Lyngbyvej. The small number in brackets shows the number of trips in Bus and rail network. rush hours on weekdays in one direction.

3.1.3 Built form Buildings Character section 1 2 Side of street (BS = Both Sides) NW SE BS NW SE BS Average height of roofline (m) 18 16 17 13.5 15 14 Ratio of frontage to space between frontages 16 20 17 4 1 2 Number of inactive buildings 2 2 4 3 3 6 Percentage of building line that are inactive1 12% 18% 15% 34% 64% 50% “Open” doorways per 100 m building line opening onto the public realm 9.0 2.5 5.7 0.9 0.1 0.5 “Closed” doorways per 100 m building line (often to private staircases) 5.0 6.4 5.7 1.2 0.0 0.6 Percentage of building line that are heavily illuminated at ground floor2 80% 37% 58% 13% 2% 7% Historical buildings 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 Building line is section length minus side streets. Inactive include both space between frontages and inactive buildings. 2 Owners often illuminate buildings in the windows or on walls.

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Character section 1: The building height varies Map showing doorways, inactive and illuminated buildings. between 1 to 6 floors or about 6 to 21 metres. Most of buildings are 5 floors. The shadows on the aerial photos on page 28 give you an impression of heights of individual buildings. Cross sections including building floors and heights are also shown on page 28. The spacing of buildings is small. Only 25-30 metres on each side are without buildings. The rest is side streets and buildings, i.e. giving a high ratio of frontage to space between frontages. A few relatively small buildings are inactive, however, the sunny northwest side of the street appear more active than the southeast side due to more doorways and more illumination, this primarily due to many homes at ground floor on the southeast side. Location of inactive buildings and doorways opening to the public realm, but also doorways not opening to the public realm, is shown on the map to the right. There are no historical buildings. A few buildings stems from 1970s and 1980s, but most building are from 1900-1940. Maintenance of buildings is good. Architecture is rather uniform and with relatively few details. The street section has a high level of transparency due to many small shops, restaurants and cafés especially on the northwest side of the street and the most southern parts of the other side. The northern part of the southeast side of the street is more or less a residential area. South end of section 1, many shops (Jagtvej#3). Flats on southeast side (Jagtvej#4).

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Character section 2: The building height varies Map showing doorways, inactive and illuminated buildings. between 1 to 7 floors or about 4 to 25 metres. There is not a general consistency of building height. University buildings with large floor plans and student hostels dominate the southeast side of the street section, whereas a mess of low university classrooms, car dealers and alike, high residential buildings and a church dominate the northwest side. Spacing of buildings is large, especially on the southeast side. A few relatively big buildings are inactive on the Jagtvej side, se map to the right. The sunny northwest side is more active in terms of buildings, doorways and illumination. However, the inactive parts often appear with lots of greenery. Many doorways are placed in backyards or along side streets. There are no historical buildings. Two big buildings were built after 2000. The maintenance of buildings appears good except the low university classrooms. Architecture differs to a great extent. The level of transparency is generally low except for a small strip at Lersø Parkallé and the most northern part of the street, where a few shops and cafés are located. Relatively green space between buildings (JA#5). Big university buildings (JA#6).

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Fig. Aerial photos and cross sections. Red lines mark places of cross sections.

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Space between buildings Character section 1 2 Average distance between opposing building lines (metres) 26 38 Average width of side space (metres) 14.2 13.2 Average width between side space including eventual median (metres) 11.8 20.8 Type of median and eventual average width (metres) None Kerbed 6.0 Trees and other greenery Cancel Influence Surface material: Carriageways Median Parking areas Cycle tracks Footways

Asphalt None

Asphalt Asphalt

Concrete flagstone

Asphalt Grass

Asphalt Asphalt

Concrete flagstone Guard railing and bollards1 None None Number of people spaces 1 0 Number of longitudinal lines of street lighting2 1.3 2 Ratio of street width to building height 1.5 2.7

1 No guard railing and bollards may include very sporadic use of these measures, please see the text. 2 The length between streetlights is typically 30 metres on all arterial streets in Copenhagen. The street width between the edges of the footways, i.e. the formal public space, is relatively constant on the two character sections. However, section 2’s public space is about 8 metres wider than section 1’s. This wider space is predominantly used to a kerbed median with grass and trees, which can be seen on the previous photo Jagtvej#2, and also wider carriageways. The median works as an aid to pedestrians, which is emphasised occasionally where cobblestones replace grass. The distance between opposing building lines on section 2 is even wider due to mostly parking areas and greenery in front of the buildings especially on the southeast side of the street. Cobblestones replace grass (JA#7) Side spaces are used for footways, cycle tracks, parking lanes and bus bays on both sections. Footways are relatively constant in width with very few obstructions / street furniture. Asphalt dominates both side spaces and carriageways. Only the grass median and concrete flagstones on footways does not give the ordinary grey impression. The footways are traditional Danish with granite kerb, yellow/grey big concrete flagstones (63 x 80 cm) and longitudinal lines of cobblestones between kerb, flagstones and buildings. Trees and signposts in section 1 divide the parking lanes into parking bays and hence serve as organisers of the parking, i.e. they have a bollard function. Close to Vibenhus Runddel there is a line of bollards on the median in section 2. Whether these bollards serves to deflect pedestrians walking to or from the bus stop to use the pedestrian crossings in the nearby signalised junction or to prevent car drivers making risky U-turns or to make the bend of the street more visible to car drivers is not clear. Bollards at Vibenhus Runddel (JA#8)

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People spaces are not dominating the street. Only one has a general function as meeting point. This place is located at Odinsgade and furnished with benches, play yard and bollards, however, mostly used by alcoholics. Perhaps students and others sometimes meet to interact at some of the green or grey parking areas in section 2. Drug addicts and alcoholics use Nørrebro Runddel as whereabouts, and the hot-dog stands on Nørrebro Runddel and Vibenhus Runddel is often places for small talk in general. People space at Odinsgade (JA#9) The first approx. 150 metres from Nørrebro Runddel of section 1 has two lines of street lighting, and so do the last 50 metres up to Tagensvej. The rest of section 1 has only one line, whereas the entire section 2 has two lines. All street lighting is hanging along the middle of the carriageways approx. 30 metres between each light by the use of wires attached to building walls or poles. In general the spatial impression of section 1 is that the street appears to be narrow, where you do not get a perception of the upper space limits or building roofline. The newly planted trees will grow and the street will within time appear even narrower almost like an alley during summertime. Section 2 is much wider with old but small trees. The spatial impression is a wide street where you get a perception of the big buildings and their roofline. The major spaces between buildings give you a sense of squares, but the greenery diminishes this impression. The placement and amount of greenery can generally be seen on aerial and other photos. The proportion of side space to carriageway space is good (higher than 1) on section 1, but only medium (0.6) on section 2. However, the wide green median improves the impression of division of total street space on section 2. The street is ascending very little from Nørrebro Runddel to Fogedmarken after which it is almost flat. There is a bend of approx. 45 degrees close to Vibenhus Runddel. 3.1.4 Traffic regulation The two-way motorised traffic is allowed to drive 50 km/h on two rather wide traffic lanes in section 1 and four lanes of normal highway standard. The carriageways are not divided into different modes of traffic and there is no visual reduction of carriageways due to marking or other surface materials and no traffic calming. Stevnsgade has one-way traffic away from Jagtvej, and Teglværksgade has one-way traffic towards Jagtvej, see the maps on the next page. About 3 metres wide footways and 2.2 metres wide one-way cycle tracks are continuous measures on both sides of the street. Parking is allowed many places on both sections. Section 1 has four pedestrian crossings in relation to the two signalised junctions and one pedestrian underpass. Section 2 has 6 pedestrian crossings in relation to three signalised junctions and 3 crossings without marking, but where cobblestones replace grass on the median.