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3.2: Organelles
What is an organelle?
Organelles are structures specialized to perform distinct
processes within a cell.
Where are organelles found?Organelles are found in the
cytoplasm of Eukaryotic cells…plant and animal cells.
Nucleus• Brain of the cell• Stores all genetic
information• Must protect DNA and
have it ready for cell to use
• Enclosed by a nuclear membrane
• Contains nucleolus-place where ribosomes are made
Endoplasmic Reticulum• 2 types:– Smooth– Rough
o Smooth ER makes lipids and provides a variety of specialized functions
o Rough ER is covered with ribosomes. Proteins made in the ribosomes enter the rough ER and are modified for stability
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes• Link amino acids
to form proteins• Site of protein
synthesis
Golgi Apparatus
• Processes, sorts and delivers proteins• Post Office of the
cell
Vesicles• Sac that divides some material
from the rest of the cytoplasm and transports them from place to place
Mitochondria• Powerhouse of the cell• Supplies energy to the
cell• Bean shaped• Made of two membranes– Inner membrane is place
where food is converted into energy
Lysosome• Contain enzymes• Defend cell from
invading bacteria and viruses
• Breaks down damaged or worn out cell parts
• Animal cell only
Centriole• Cylinder shape• Made of short
microtubules• 2 centrioles
perpendicular to one another
• Play role in cell division• Organize microtubules to
form cilia and flagella• Animal cell only
Chloroplast• Carry out
photosynthesis• Convert solar energy
into chemical energy• Contain chlorophyll
which makes plants green• Plants only
Central Vacuole• Large sac filled
with fluid that strengthens and helps support the cell• Prevents plant
from wilting• Plants only
Cell Wall• Surrounds cell
membrane• Rigid layer that
protects, supports and shapes the cell