• 3/26 Focus (per 3):3/26 Focus (per 3): – The Renaissance and the Protestant The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation are considered to be Reformation are considered to be turning points in history because turning points in history because they led to social, political, and they led to social, political, and economic changes in Europeeconomic changes in Europe

• Do Now:Do Now:– Identify one conflict that Identify one conflict that developed in Europe as a result of developed in Europe as a result of the Protestant Reformationthe Protestant Reformation

• 3/27 Focus:3/27 Focus: – Protestant reformers challenged Protestant reformers challenged the authority of the Roman the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and founded new Catholic Church and founded new Christian Churches.Christian Churches.

• Do Now:Do Now:– Other than military conflict, what Other than military conflict, what was one other impact of the was one other impact of the Protestant Reformation on Europe? Protestant Reformation on Europe?

CausesHumanism led people to question church authoritySome clergy were corrupt and interested in worldly gainMartin Luther posted 95 Theses protesting indulgencesThe Printing press helped spread Reformation ideas

CausesHumanism led people to question church authoritySome clergy were corrupt and interested in worldly gainMartin Luther posted 95 Theses protesting indulgencesThe Printing press helped spread Reformation ideas

EffectsMany new Protestant churches developCatholic Church began reforms Religious intolerance and anti-Semitism increase Religious conflicts spread across Europe

EffectsMany new Protestant churches developCatholic Church began reforms Religious intolerance and anti-Semitism increase Religious conflicts spread across Europe

• 3/27 Focus:3/27 Focus: – During the Scientific Revolution, During the Scientific Revolution, new ways of thinking led to new ways of thinking led to remarkable discoveries which changed remarkable discoveries which changed the way Europeans viewed the world.the way Europeans viewed the world.

• Do Now:Do Now:– List the steps in the scientific List the steps in the scientific method. method.

• 4/13 Focus:4/13 Focus: – In the 1500’s and 1600’s, the In the 1500’s and 1600’s, the Scientific Revolution changed the Scientific Revolution changed the way Europeans looked a the world as way Europeans looked a the world as people began to make conclusions people began to make conclusions based on observation and based on observation and experimentation. experimentation.

• Do Now:Do Now:– What is reasoning? What is reasoning?

• Period in the 150Period in the 15000’’s and 1600s and 1600’’s in s in which scientific which scientific thinkers thinkers challenged challenged traditional ideas traditional ideas – Relied on Relied on observation and observation and experimentationexperimentation

• Geocentric Geocentric Model of the Model of the Universe Universe – Greco Roman Greco Roman theories and theories and Church taught Church taught that the Earth that the Earth was at the was at the center of the center of the universeuniverse

• The Renaissance and Reformation led many scientists to challenge theories and question the Church

• Polish Scientist that developed the Heliocentric Model in the mid 1500’s– Sun centered model – Use mathematical formulas to suggest that planets revolved around the Sun • Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

– Church rejected this theory• “Unbiblical, Un-Christian, Illogical”

•

• Used math to show that planets revolve around the sun in a elliptical orbit – Based on the work of astronomer Tycho Brahe

– Mathematically showed Copernicus’s ideas were correct

• Italian astronomer who provided evidence to support the heliocentric model

• Constructed the telescope to observe the skies

• Galileo's’ discoveries challenged Church teachings

• Church placed him on trial for heresy– Galileo forced to publically recant his ideas under threat of death

– Placed his writings on the list of forbidden books

With sincere heart and unpretended

faith I abjure, curse, and detest the

aforesaid errors and heresies [of

Copernicus] and also every other

error . . . contrary to the Holy

Church, and I swear that in the

future I will never again say or

assert . . . anything that might

cause a similar suspicion toward me.

• English scholar influenced by Copernicus and Galileo

• Used math to prove the Law of Gravitation – Force which kept planets in their orbits around the sun

– Newton’s Three Laws of Gravity

• Method developed during the 1600’s that relied on experimentation and observation in scientific inquiry

• Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes played an important role in developing the Scientific Method

• What is the Heliocentric Model? • What was the Church’s reaction to Galileo’s theories?