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3R options in

E - wastemanagement

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What is E - Waste ?

E - waste is a popular name for electronic

products nearing the end of their useful life.

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Sources of E - waste

E - Waste

Lighting equipment

Tele communication equipment Electronic Tools consumer electronics

House hold appliances

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Composition of E - waste

source :http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796756/

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Sector wise E - waste generation

These three categories comprises 90% of E - waste

source :http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796756/

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Toxic chemicals in E - waste

Mercury Cadmium Lithium

Nearly 1000 varieties of toxic substances found in E - waste.

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E - waste world wide

In USA, it accounts for 1% to 3% of total municipal

waste generation

In EU, E - waste generation is growing three times

faster than municipal waste generation.

In developing countries it account for 1% and it isexpected to grow in the near future

source : http://envis.maharashtra.gov.in/envis_data/files/Ewastgeneration_scenario.html

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E - waste (Indian scenario)

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source : Manufacturers association for information technology (MAIT)

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Reason

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Many of the Scrap pickers dont

know the health hazardsassociated with Electronic waste.

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Practices to recycle E - waste by

informal sector

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Non Recycled waste goes to Dumps

Heavy metals may leach and contaminate Ground water

When burnt , the metals vaporize in to air releasing lead and acids.

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The appropriate handling of electronic

waste (e-waste) can both prevent serious

environmental damage, but also recovervaluable materials, especially different

types of metals such as aluminium,

copper, palladium and gold.

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Example

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Amobile phone can contain over 40 elements from the periodic table including base

metals like copper (Cu) and tin (Sn),

special metals such as cobalt (Co), indium (In) and antimony (Sb), and precious metals

including silver (Ag), gold (Au) and palladium (Pd).

Metals represent on average 23% of the weight of a phone, the majority being copper,

while the remainder is plastic and ceramic material

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Carbon dioxide emissions during mining of

these metals

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Carbon dioxide from Recycling

Recovering metals from state-of-the art recycling

processes generates only a fraction of these CO2

emissions and also has significant benefits compared to

mining in terms of land use and hazardous emissions

Production of 1 kg aluminium by recycling uses only 1/10

or less of the energy required for primary production, and

prevents the creation of 1.3 kg of bauxite residue,2 kg of

CO2 emissions and 0.011 kg ofSO2 emissions as wellas the impacts and emissions associated with the

production of the alloying elements used in aluminium

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On a more local level, uncontrolled discarding or inappropriate wastemanagement/recycling generates significant hazardous emissions,with severe impacts on health and environment

Primary emissions: Hazardous substances that are contained in e-waste (e.g. lead5, mercury, arsenic, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),fluorinated cooling fluids etc.)

Secondary emissions: Hazardous reaction products of e-wastesubstances as a result of improper treatment (e.g. dioxins or furansformed by incineration/inappropriate smelting of plastics withhalogenated flame retardants)

Tertiary emissions: Hazardous substances or reagents that are usedduring recycling (e.g. cyanide or other leaching agents, mercury forgold amalgamation) and that are released because of inappropriatehandling and treatment.

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3 ROptions

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Recycling chain

The efficiency of the entire recycling chain depends on the efficiency of each step

and on how well the interfaces between these interdependent steps are managed