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3R options in
E - wastemanagement
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What is E - Waste ?
E - waste is a popular name for electronic
products nearing the end of their useful life.
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Sources of E - waste
E - Waste
Lighting equipment
Tele communication equipment Electronic Tools consumer electronics
House hold appliances
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Composition of E - waste
source :http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796756/
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Sector wise E - waste generation
These three categories comprises 90% of E - waste
source :http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796756/
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Toxic chemicals in E - waste
Mercury Cadmium Lithium
Nearly 1000 varieties of toxic substances found in E - waste.
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E - waste world wide
In USA, it accounts for 1% to 3% of total municipal
waste generation
In EU, E - waste generation is growing three times
faster than municipal waste generation.
In developing countries it account for 1% and it isexpected to grow in the near future
source : http://envis.maharashtra.gov.in/envis_data/files/Ewastgeneration_scenario.html
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E - waste (Indian scenario)
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source : Manufacturers association for information technology (MAIT)
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Reason
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Many of the Scrap pickers dont
know the health hazardsassociated with Electronic waste.
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Practices to recycle E - waste by
informal sector
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Non Recycled waste goes to Dumps
Heavy metals may leach and contaminate Ground water
When burnt , the metals vaporize in to air releasing lead and acids.
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The appropriate handling of electronic
waste (e-waste) can both prevent serious
environmental damage, but also recovervaluable materials, especially different
types of metals such as aluminium,
copper, palladium and gold.
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Example
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Amobile phone can contain over 40 elements from the periodic table including base
metals like copper (Cu) and tin (Sn),
special metals such as cobalt (Co), indium (In) and antimony (Sb), and precious metals
including silver (Ag), gold (Au) and palladium (Pd).
Metals represent on average 23% of the weight of a phone, the majority being copper,
while the remainder is plastic and ceramic material
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Carbon dioxide emissions during mining of
these metals
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Carbon dioxide from Recycling
Recovering metals from state-of-the art recycling
processes generates only a fraction of these CO2
emissions and also has significant benefits compared to
mining in terms of land use and hazardous emissions
Production of 1 kg aluminium by recycling uses only 1/10
or less of the energy required for primary production, and
prevents the creation of 1.3 kg of bauxite residue,2 kg of
CO2 emissions and 0.011 kg ofSO2 emissions as wellas the impacts and emissions associated with the
production of the alloying elements used in aluminium
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On a more local level, uncontrolled discarding or inappropriate wastemanagement/recycling generates significant hazardous emissions,with severe impacts on health and environment
Primary emissions: Hazardous substances that are contained in e-waste (e.g. lead5, mercury, arsenic, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),fluorinated cooling fluids etc.)
Secondary emissions: Hazardous reaction products of e-wastesubstances as a result of improper treatment (e.g. dioxins or furansformed by incineration/inappropriate smelting of plastics withhalogenated flame retardants)
Tertiary emissions: Hazardous substances or reagents that are usedduring recycling (e.g. cyanide or other leaching agents, mercury forgold amalgamation) and that are released because of inappropriatehandling and treatment.
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3 ROptions
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Recycling chain
The efficiency of the entire recycling chain depends on the efficiency of each step
and on how well the interfaces between these interdependent steps are managed