Date post: | 14-Feb-2017 |
Category: |
Education |
Upload: | slope-project |
View: | 188 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Project SLOPE1
WP 2 – Forest information collection and analysis
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
WP2 Slope Project
WP2.2 UAV Data Acquisition and Processing
Corcaigh
January 19th- 21st 2016
Partners: Coastway /CNR / Treemetrics / FLYby
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
WP2 Request for Permission - AustroControl
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
WP2.2 October 2015 weather conditions
PrecipitationThe probability that precipitation will be observed at this location varies throughout the month. Precipitation is most likely around October 31, occurring in 58% of days. Precipitation is least likely around October 5, occurring in 53% of days. Probability of Precipitation at Some Point in the Day in October
SnowThe likelihood of snow falling is highest around October 31, occurring in 12% of days.Probability of Snow Fall Being Reported in a Given Day in October
Moderate rain is the most severe precipitation observed during 64% of those days with precipitation. It is most likely around October 2, when it is observed during 37% of all days.
Light rain is the most severe precipitation observed during 11% of those days with precipitation. It is most likely around October 15, when it is observed during 6% of all days.
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
WP2.2 Permission Granted 17- September 2015
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
WP2.2 Permission Granted 17- September 2015
Licence to fly fitted to all equipment
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
Annaberg Austria – Test Site
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
WP2.2 Ground Markers
Installation of survey targets and static GPS observations over several days
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
WP2.2 Calibration of Cameras
Calibration of Multispectral Camera
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
WP2.2 flight Plan 120m above ground level
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
WP2.2 Image Log from UAV
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
WP2.2 Canopy Model on Lidar
Test
Test combine with scan data.
Test 3 Trento Flight all data sets recorded Satellite, UAV, TLS, Marking
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
WP2 Proposed Trials
View models using QT Software
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
“Beyond the State of the Art”
The Advantages of Multispectral data over RGB & IR
multiSPEC 4C - Ultra precise 4-band accuracy
The multiSPEC 4C provides image data across four highly precise bands - Green, Red, Red-edge and NIR - with no spectral overlap. In addition, its upward-facing irradiance sensor automatically compensates for sunlight variations, resulting in unparalleled reflectance measurement accuracy.
Technical features
Resolution 4 sensors of 1.2 MpGround resolution 10 cm/px (@100m)Sensor size 4.8 x 3.6 mm per sensorPixel pitch 3.75 umImage format RAW (Tiff)
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
WP2 – Coastway Involvement 23.5months
RGB Data enables you to determine the species and density of growth
Budget Man Months
Total ReturnedBal
RemainingWP 1 4 4.9 -0.9WP 2 11 11.67 -0.67WP 3 0 0 0WP 4 0 0.75 -0.75WP 5 2 1.75 0.25WP 6 0 0 0WP 7 4 3.4 0.6WP 8 2 1.36 0.64WP 9 0.5 0.63 -0.13
23.5 24.46
y WP Budgets f
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
WP2 Problems experienced & Solutions
Bureaucracy can be a big burden on accessing forestryWeather can be a problem such as high winds / snowAccess permits are required / permission fly varies from region to region IAA, CAA, ENAC , Austro Control & the Forest Wardens.
GPS quality can be poor the accuracy varies from 250mm to several meters but suffecient for forestry new developmemts of an RTK UAV does away with the need for GCP’s
Access to the mountain forest was restricted so a small clearing was located to enable launch of the UAV.
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
WP2 Beyond the state of the Art - Forestry Industry
Surveying Forestry with UAV’s opens up many fields which include.
Forestry Management for planting, thinning and harvesting
Disease identification
Forest Fire monitoring
Search and rescue
Landslide monitoring
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
WP2 Advantages of using Multispectral Camera
Growth and yield of the forestry crop is the result of its interaction with environmental factors, soil conditions and availability of water and nutrients in the soil.
With the availability of crop-health detecting sensors, it its now possible to obtain indicator kinetics such as NDVI, biomass, chlorophyll rate, leaf area index, water stress, flowering ,on a much smaller scale than before.
Multispectral imagery can determine the health, Species, of trees
The multispectral imagery can help determine haul routes by the reflection from different soil types.
The imagery can be used to determine growth rates over several seasons and help determine where thinning is required.
Coastway have received a lot of interest from Forestry companies in the UK & Ireland regarding forestry management.
Review Meeting 19 – 21 January Corcaigh
WP2.2 Multi spectral data - NDVI - Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index - Annaberg
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Introduction
Work Package Number 2 Start date M4
Work Package Title Forest information collection and analysis
Activity Type RTD
Participant Name(only contributing partners) TreeMetrics
Person-monthsp-m RP2 July-October 2015 2,90
p-m total planned in DoW 10,00
10,00 person-months has been spent in this workplace since the start of the projectThe participation of Treemetrics in this work package is now completed.
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
TLS data and analysisThis deliverable contains a report on TLS data collected, the
methodologies and algorithm to extract needed information and the generated output information.
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Introduction
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
-Montsover (Province of Trento, Italy)- Norway spruce (Picea abies) mixed with European larch (Larix decidua) and silver fir (Abies alba)
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Demostration area
Overview of the Demo area
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
Spatial information is essential in order to know how the forest parameters are spatially distributed in the forest stand. Therefore, the combination of forest parameters and remote sensing must be used to study how the dendrometric parameters are distributed.
Typically, the spatial analysis is based on the following steps: 1. Location of the forest area (Area of analysis).2. Pre-processing of the image3. Zoning for analysis.4. Delineation of the forest canopy (Forest productive area).5. Tree detection (if applicable).6. Forest stratification based on tree characteristics (if applicable).7. Inventory Plan (Samples plot location).8. Generalization based on field data (parameters distribution and final stratification).
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Spatial analysis
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
UAV Photo
UAV image
Source UAVResolution 0.1 mBands RGB-Nir
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Spatial analysis
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
DTM
DTM generated from LIDAR was available for the demo area. This has a resolution of 1m. From the DTM the slope has been calculated in order to have a better understanding of the demo area.
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Spatial analysis
UAV DSM
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
Digital Height Model
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Spatial analysis
Similar type of trees and tree height was represented with differences up to 20m.
22m aprox.
45 m aprox.
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
UAV Digital Surface Model
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Spatial analysis
•In very steep terrain additional ground points are required
•Digital Surface model was not used in this forest.
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
Tree Counting
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Spatial analysis
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
Inventory Planning is Essential in order to:1.Ensure efficient and effective data collection2.Minimise cost3.Optimise accuracy
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Inventory plan
Where the samples must be taken?
•Near cable crane
•All species trees types must be represented (stratification)
•Inventory costs and accessibility
•Variability of the forest stand
•Target accuracy
•Number of tree market in the TLS plot
How many samples?
Cable crane
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Inventory plan
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
The advantage of in field application:
-2 way communication between office and field using GPRS or Wifi
-Pre-loaded sample area location
- Easy navigation in field for operator
- Bluetooth recording with callipers
- Stem defects recording
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Field measurement
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
TLS Height recording hypsometer DBH recording
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Field measurement
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Field Measurement
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Field Measurement
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
Tree detection and branches removal (Autostem)
T2.03 TLS data and analysis TLS analysis
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
Dendrometric study the measurement of the various dimensions of trees, such as their diameter, size, shape, overall volume, etc.
Using the TLS the following data is available:
•Stem profile
•Diameter at Breast Height (DBH)- DBH v Height, DBH v Crown Size
•Tree Volume
•Stem defects (Straightness)
T2.03 TLS data and analysis TLS analysis
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Data inference
Tree level estimation
High res.image
Tree level regression
Tree detectionTree detection TLS samples
y = -0.0069x2 + 0.4969x - 0.0193R2 = 0.7064
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 5 10 15
Predicted Height * Basal Area (m3)
Volume(m3)
Regression analysis
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Inventory plan
y = 15.595Ln(x) - 3.3124R2 = 0.5709
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Tree Crown (m2)
DBH (cm)
y = 0.2277x + 23.766R2 = 0.3594
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Tree Crown (m2)
Height (m)
Only the tree crown size can be used for the estimation of the tree parameters
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
Predicted DBH= F(crown size) Predicted Height = F(DBH)Predicted Volume = Taper equations (DBH, height)
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Spatial analysis
y = -0.0023x2 + 0.5775x + 8.3554R2 = 0.7706
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 20 40 60 80 100
Height (m)
DBH (cm)
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Spatial analysis
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Known limitations
1.- Tree level inference•High resolution (lower than 30 cm) required for tree detection (e.g. UAV)•Hidden trees under forest canopy can be height (63%) in mixed stand. Ideally to
be used in even-age plantations
•Field tree locations (GPS) do not match correctly tree crown detected by UAV
(Ideally to be used in area with good GPS signal and use corrections when
required)
•Limited species detection (ideally to be used in pure stands)
•Relative good correlation between Volume and Crown/Height (around 70%)
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Implementation
AutoStemTM
TLS
Cutting simulator
SLOPEField App
TM DBManual
measurement
Field Terminal
SD card
Bluetooth
Internet
Field Site Treemetrics Service Centre
Update Slope DB SLOPE
DB
SLOPEService Centre
Treemetrics Intranet
TMProcess Control
Forest Information System
Office Site •Information display•Reports•Updates
Update API
Kick-off Meeting 8-9/jan/2014
T2.03 TLS data and analysis Implementation
•The use of TLS in forest inventory improves significantly the estimation of tree volume
•The use of UAV image (0.2cm) or medium resolution EO (0.5m) can improve significantly the field inventory planning.
•The combination of TLS and UAV image can improve significantly the estimation and location of the timber in the forest.
•The analysis of allometric relationships at tree level has result successful using UAV stereo analysis and very limited using EO data .
•The estimation of the timber in the forest need to take into the trees hidden trees