• 4/28 Focus: 4/28 Focus: – Military technology and disease allowed
the Spanish to quickly conquer Native people in the Americas.
• Important TermsImportant Terms– Encomienda System
• Do Now:Do Now:– Identify one way that the Inca
adapted to their physical geography and environment.
European Exploration and European Exploration and Imperialism in the AmericasImperialism in the Americas
•
The EncounterThe Encounter
• Oct. 1492 Columbus lands in the West Indies– Encounters Native
Americans • Initial relations
between Spanish and Native Americans were friendly
• This changed when the Spanish tried to exploit Native Americans and their lands for profit
•
• God, Gold, and Glory – God: Spanish wanted to
convert Native Americans to Christianity
• Missionaries: priests who came to the Americas to convert Native Americans
– Gold: acquire wealth for Spain
– Glory: personal wealth and power
ConquistadorsConquistadors
• Spanish soldiers who came to North and South America for God, Gold, Glory
• Conquered native people throughout the Americas– Guns– germs (disease)– iron weapons– the horse
ConquistadorsConquistadors
• Hernan Cortez – Explored Mexico– Conquered the Aztec
Empire in 1519
ConquistadorsConquistadors• Francisco Pizarro
– Explored south America
– Destroyed the Incan Empire in 1532
Missions Missions
• A religious community that usually included a town, surrounding farmland, and a church
Spanish Colonial Spanish Colonial Economy Economy
• Was based on:– mining gold
and silver – Farming
sugar cane on plantations
TreasuresTreasuresfrom the Americas!from the Americas!
TreasuresTreasuresfrom the Americas!from the Americas!
The Encomienda SystemThe Encomienda System• Forced Native
Americans to pay tribute or provide labor to Spanish landowners
The Encomienda SystemThe Encomienda System• Disease and
overwork killed large numbers of Native Americans – Led Spanish to start
bringing slaves from Africa to work plantations
Bartolome de la CasasBartolome de la Casas
• Spanish priest who convinced the Spanish gov’t to pass a law which forbid using Indians as slaves
• Led to Spain using Africans as slaves
• Known as the protector of the Indians
The Spanish Class Structure in The Spanish Class Structure in the Americasthe Americas
The Spanish Class Structure in The Spanish Class Structure in the Americasthe Americas
PeninsularPeninsulareses
CreolesCreoles
MestizoMestizoss
Native AmericansNative Americans African African SlavesSlaves
MulattoesMulattoes
People born in Spain
People born in America with Spanish parents
People with mixed Spanish and Native American/African parents
Spanish Class Structure in the Americas
• Peninsulares – People born in Spain; owned the land; ran
gov’t• Creoles
– Born to Spanish parents in the Americas• Mesitzos & Mulattoes
– People with Spanish and Indian/African parents
• Native Americans & Enslaved Africans
Spanish Government in the Spanish Government in the AmericasAmericas
• Spanish Viceroyalties – Spain divided it’s
territory into 4 provinces– Each province run by a
viceroy appointed by king
•
ClosureClosure
• Identify three reasons that Spanish conquistadors came to the Americas.
• What was the Encomienda System?
• Why did Spain begin bringing in African slaves as labor on their plantations?