• 4/21 Focus: 4/21 Focus: – Soon after European powers had

established direct trading links with Asia, they sought to gain more permanent control there

• Important Terms:Important Terms:• Imperialism

• Do Now:Do Now:–Which Portuguese explorer

established a direct trade route with India?

• Imperialism– The domination by

one country of the political and/or economic life of another country

– Europeans countries competed with each other to gain colonies in Asia, Africa, and the Americas

•

• Took control of Indian trade network from Muslims in the early 1500’s– Dominated trade in the

Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia

• Seized the port of Malacca in Southeast Asia– Was an important Arab

trading city – Gave Portuguese control of

spice trade between Europe and Asia

• Portugal was a powerful sea power but could not conquer large territories on land– Portuguese leaders,

merchants and missionaries created resentment among many in Southeast Asia• Intolerant polices of Governor

Alfonso de Albuquerque • Destruction of Hindu Temples • Massacre of Muslims

– Led to the decline of Portuguese power in the Indian Ocean in the late 1500’s

• First European nation to challenge Portugal for control of Asian spice trade – The Dutch East India

Company• Trading company

formed by group of wealthy Dutch merchants

• Regulated trade between Holland and other parts of the world

•

• Seized Malacca from the Portuguese in 1641

• Created less resentment among Asian populations than Portuguese by being more tolerant of different beliefs– Allowed them to establish

closer ties with local leaders

• Dutch came to dominant the spice trade

• Gained colonies in Southeast Asia in the 1500’s – Financed Magellan's

circumnavigation of the globe • Magellan claimed the

Philippine Islands for Spain in 1521– Gave Spain a base to

trade with China and spread Christianity to East Asia

•

• Decline of the Mughal Empire allowed France and England to gain influence in India

• British East India Company made alliances with local rulers and created an army of Indian troops

• Known as sepoys • pushed French out of

their trading posts• England became the

real power in India

• 4/22 Focus: 4/22 Focus: – Europeans had met with much

resistance in their efforts to open the East trade. Expansion to the West in the Americas would be much more successful

• Do Now:Do Now:–What was the difference between the

way the Portuguese dealt with people in Asia and the way the Dutch dealt with people in Asia?

• Chinese restricted foreign trade during the Ming and Qing dynasties – Thought

European goods were inferior

– Limited trade to port of Macao

• Matteo Ricci– Jesuit priest who

was welcomed by the Ming in China

– Shared European knowledge of arts and science

–Ming were not interested in Christianity

• Portuguese traders and missionaries came to Japan in the 16th century

• Tokugawa Shogunate feared foreign influences and conversion of people to Christianity – Began persecuting

Christians – Issued Edict of 1635

closing Japan to Europeans • Japanese not allowed to

travel to other countries

• China sends Zheng He on voyages of exploration to India, Middle East, and East Africa

• Portuguese establish trading outposts throughout Asia & gain control of Asian spice trade (early 1500’s)

• Dutch take control of Asian Spice trade from Portuguese

• Europeans sail to China and Japan in search of more trade

• China sends Zheng He on voyages of exploration to India, Middle East, and East Africa

• Portuguese establish trading outposts throughout Asia & gain control of Asian spice trade (early 1500’s)

• Dutch take control of Asian Spice trade from Portuguese

• Europeans sail to China and Japan in search of more trade

• China stops voyages of exploration in 1433

• Starting in the 1500’s the Chinese restrict trade with foreigners

• Japan outlaws Christianity in 1612

• Japan beings closed country policy and remains isolated from Europe for 200 years

• China stops voyages of exploration in 1433

• Starting in the 1500’s the Chinese restrict trade with foreigners

• Japan outlaws Christianity in 1612

• Japan beings closed country policy and remains isolated from Europe for 200 years

ExplorationExploration IsolationIsolation

European Motives

for Explorati

on

European Motives

for Explorati

on

Desire for trade with

Asia

Desire for trade with

Asia

Ottomans disrupted overland

trade routes

Ottomans disrupted overland

trade routes

Wanted to avoid Italian and Muslim merchants

Wanted to avoid Italian and Muslim merchants

Spices, silks, precious metals, fruits

Crusades

Pax Mongolia

Marco Polo

Spread Christianity

Spread Christianity

Islamic Islamic EmpireEmpire

ss

Islamic Islamic EmpireEmpire

ss

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Capture Constantinople

Turkish group

Experience golden age under Suleiman

Disrupt European trade routes

Safavid EmpireSafavid Empire

Spread Shiite form of Islam

Golden age under Shah Abbas

Controlled Persia

Mughal EmpireMughal Empire

Founded by Babur

India

Akbar was absolute ruler

Promoted religious toleration

Taj Mahal example of Mughal architecture

• Heliocentric theory challenges geocentric theory • Copernicus

• Math and observation support heliocentric theory• Galileo,

Keppler, Newton

• Scientific method develops• Bacon &

Descartes

• Heliocentric theory challenges geocentric theory • Copernicus

• Math and observation support heliocentric theory• Galileo,

Keppler, Newton

• Scientific method develops• Bacon &

Descartes

Scientific Revolution

New approach to solving problems

and thinking about the world

developed based on observation,

experimentation, and challeinging traditional ideas

New approach to solving problems

and thinking about the world

developed based on observation,

experimentation, and challeinging traditional ideas

• What was the reaction of the Chinese and Japanese to the presence of Europeans in Asia?