National University “Pedro Ruiz Gallo”Faculty of Human Medicine

COURSE : Medical English

TEACHER : Dra. Rosa Gonzáles Llontop GROUP : 4TH

STUDENTS : * Gastelo Salazar, Kenyi * Jambo Mendoza, Juan * Mayo Cabanillas, Darcy * Perales Carrasco, Tito * Rojas Ramos, Percy

* Vásquez Ochoa, Pedro

CYCLE : 2012 - I

Latest research in psychiatry

Decreased Gene Activity Is Likely Involved in Childhood Risk for Anxiety and Depression

According to a new study of Wisconsin University

Young primates with highly anxious temperaments

Have decreased activity of specific genes within the amygdala

The genes involved play a major role in forming the brain connections needed for learning about

fears.

Reduced activity in key genes relation with depression and anxiety

The function of genes that promote learning and plasticity occurs in the amygdala

Anxious individuals tended to have decreased expression of a gene called neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3 (NTRK3)

The risk to develop anxiety and depression may be related to the underactivity of particular

genes in the developing amygdala

The study helps

Support the need for early intervention in children identified as excessively shy and

anxious.

Point a way to better treatments to decrease

the likelihood of children developing

more severe psychiatric problems

Therapy Neuronetics transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can relieve symptoms of depression and has little or no side effects on the sleep disorder.

The Major Depressive Disorder affects approximately 14.8 million, or about 6.7 percent of American adults in a given year, according to the National Institute of Mental Health

It's the leading cause of disability in ages 15 to 44

The finding resulted from an analysis of a study of 301 patients at 23 sites

comparing the anti-depressive effects of the Neuronetics Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy System (TMS) treatment in patients resistant to antidepressant medications

The findings, published in the journal Biological Psychiatry in 2007,affirmed TMS's effectiveness in depression

Sleep problems are a common side effect of major antidepressants: some drugs sedate patients while others stimulate them and increase insomnia.

Insomnia occurs in 50-90 percent of patients with major depressive disorder. Other depressed patients complain they sleep too much

The good news is that TMS does not contribute to insomnia or oversleeping.

TMS targets the prefrontal cortex of the brain, involved in mood regulation as well as other higher-order functions like planning, evaluating and decision-making

In this procedure, patients sit in a recliner and receive brief pulses of a MRI strength magnet held against the front of the head

The magnetic energy of TMS causes the brain cells closest to the surface of the brain to increase their activity which in turn influences the activity of the brain as a whole.

DEPRESSION

In depression, the brain becomes less plastic and adaptable, and therefore less able to perform certain tasks.

Memory storage

Such as

Researchers at Karolinska Institute have traced less brain plasticity reduced functionality in their support cells, and we believe that learning more about these cells may pave the way for radical new treatments for depression.

It has been possible the cure of memory dysfunction in depressed rats giving them dose of D-serine

The rats are placed through the two tests to confirm that they had symptoms that are also characteristic of human depression.

Their memories were checked by repeatedly exposed to different objects

Then evaluated their level of apathy, releasing the rats in a container with water and observing if or not trying to get out.

is a substance secreted by astrocytes, which are support cells for brain neurons

The synaptic activity in the hippocampus of rats depressed is much greater than the healthy rats

the level of plasticity of rats with depression is less than the healthy rats

but

However by supplying D-serine to the rat brain plasticity with depression improvement.

Is expected that advances in the studies will lead to new treatments for depression

THANKS!