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Elektronika Organik Eka Maulana, ST., MT., MEng. Teknik Elektro Universitas Brawijaya #4 Solar Sel Organik - DSSC (Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell) Senin, 18 Maret 2013
Elektronika Organik
Eka Maulana, ST., MT., MEng.
Teknik ElektroUniversitas Brawijaya
#4 Solar Sel Organik - DSSC (Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell)
Senin, 18 Maret 2013
DSSC
2DSSC| Elektonika Organik
Efisiensi Konversi
3DSSC| Elektonika Organik
(Crabtree & Lewis, 2007)
Efisiensi Tipical current photovoltaic
Type EfficiencySingle crystal Si 20%Thin film Si ~10%Amorphous Si ≤10%CdTe 16%GaAs Multilayers ~25% or more Polymer PV ~2-8%Gratzel Liquid Electrolyte ~10%Gratzel Polymer Glass ~5%
4DSSC| Elektonika Organik
Analogi Fotosintesis
5DSSC| Elektonika Organik
Fotosintesis vs Solar Sel
6DSSC| Elektonika Organik
Struktur DSSC (Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell)
Bagian BAWAH(KATODA)Bagian ATAS
(ANODA)
TCO(ITO)
DYE
Elek
trol
it
Counter Elektroda(Pt/C)
FOTON
KacaKaca
7DSSC| Elektonika Organik
TCO(ITO)
Klorofil (organik)
Gratzel Cell: mimic fotosintesis
Performansi awal 10% (efisiensi cahaya menjadi listrik), dan estimasi biaya 1/4 dari PV konvensional.
8DSSC| Elektonika Organik
Cara Kerja
9DSSC| Elektonika Organik
Mekanisme: Prinsip operasi DSSC
4
1
2
3
5
10DSSC| Elektonika Organik
ElektrolitDiffusion Rate
Redox PotentialAdditives
Degree of Oxidation
RangkaianBlocking Layers
Electrocatalytic Deposits
DyeAbsorption Band
Blocking Efficiency
Material Semikonduktor
Band GapDefects
Surface Area
Parameter Optimasi
11DSSC| Elektonika Organik
Persamaan Reaksi Deskripsi
Dye excitation
Dye relaxation
Dye regeneration
Electron injection
Dye recombination
Electrolyte recombination
Current collection
Electrolyte reduction
Reaksi DSSC
2
* *2TiOS e TiO S
*hS E S
S A S A
2
* *2 TiOS TiO e S
2
*TiOe A A
2
*TiO Ie FTO e
Ie A A
*hE S S
12DSSC| Elektonika Organik
Kinetik
5
1
2
3
4
Dye Excitation
Electron Injection
Current Collection
Dye Regeneration
Electrolyte Reduction
* *r k photon
* * 3r k dye k dye electrolyte
2
*cb cb TiOr k e Orbital
cb dyer k
13DSSC| Elektonika Organik
Antarmuka
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Analisis DSSCPhysical and Chemical Properties
Cell Performance
Property Method(s)
Absorption Band Absorption Spectra
Redox Potential Stationary Amperometry
Diffusion Coefficient (electrolyte) Fixed potential 2-electrode cell
Structure NMRX-ray diffractionElemental Analysis
Properties Method(s)
Electron LifetimesDiffusion Coefficients
Light-induced photocurrent/voltage transients
Open circuit electron density Charge extraction
Cell capacitance Laser pulse over illumination
15DSSC| Elektonika Organik
Tested Organic Dyes
NKX2587 (n=1)NKX2697 (n=3)
MK1: (R=C6H13) n=3MK2: (R=C6H13) n=4MK3: (R=H) n=3MK11: (R=C6H13) n=5
D77
D149
16DSSC| Elektonika Organik
Ruthenium Dyes
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Organik vs. Ruthenium
Organic Dyes:
Ruthenium complexes:Have a large absorption bandProduce the best solar cell efficiency (currently)
Have better extinction coefficientsAllow more variations in structure and colorCost much less
18DSSC| Elektonika Organik
ODSC Results
All showed lower VOC, and higher JSC, slightly higher D and lower τ
τ is proportional to molecular size (Coumarine/Indoline dyes)
Carbazole dyes showed longer τ with increased alkyl chains
Smaller dye molecules need higher [I-] (slower reduction kinetics)
Do not block as well and may create positive TiO2 surface charge
Organic dyes may complex with triiodide to impede redox current
Size Matters (?)
Charge More
Organics show aggregation on the TiO2 surface
19DSSC| Elektonika Organik
Elektrolit
3 2 3I e I
33 2I e I
( ) ( )4 42 2 2 2
III IICo dbbip ClO e Co dbbip ClO
( ) ( )4 42 2 2 2
II IIICo dbbip ClO Co dbbip ClO e
(dbbip) = 2,6-bis(1’-butylbenzimidazol-2’-yl)pyridine
20DSSC| Elektonika Organik
Iodine vs. Cobalt
Iodide/Triiodide:
Co(II)/Co(III) complexes:
Minimal absorption in desired region of spectrum
Outer shell electron transfer (minimal reorganization)
Absorbs in visible region of spectrum
Aggressively attacks silver current collectors
Low redox potential limits open circuit voltage
Single electron transfer
21DSSC| Elektonika Organik
Cell Optimization ResultsSensitizer
Less negative charges increases performanceSmaller dye allows electrolyte to form ion pairs or steal conduction electron
Photoanode (TiO2)Photocurrent decreases with increasing thickness of layersElectrolyte is reduced at TCO without good blocking layerCounterelectrode is not efficient without electrocatalytic platinum deposit
Current density decreases when degree of oxidation exceeds 11%
Redox Efficiency
Counterelectrode illumination is better when mass transport is limiting
Additives
TPB passivates recombina on centers (photovoltage ↑ by 100mV at 100W/m2)LiClO4 creates positive charge on TiO2 (photocurrent ↑ 2x at 100 W/m2)
22DSSC| Elektonika Organik
Review
23DSSC| Elektonika Organik
Baca Paper tentang DSSC berikut dan pelajari tentang: metode, karakteristik, dan performansinya
ORGANIC SOLAR CELL BASED ON EXTRACTION OFPAPAYA (Carica papaya) AND JATROPHA (Ricinus communis) LEAVES IN
DSSC (DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL)
Sholeh Hadi Pramono, Eka Maulana, M. Julius St., and Teguh UtomoElectrical Engineering Department, Brawijaya University
Jl. MT Haryono 167 Malang 65145, Ph./Fax: [email protected], [email protected]
http://maulana.lecture.ub.ac.id/2014/03/nets-2013-proceeding-dssc/
