Essar Oil Well Head and X-Mas Tree

4.1

4. Well Head and X-Mas Tree

Well Head: The surface termination of a wellbore that incorporates facilities for installing casing

hangers during the well construction phase. The wellhead also incorporates a means of hanging the

production tubing and installing the Christmas tree and surface flow-control facilities in

preparation for the production phase of the well.

A wellhead is a general term used to describe the component at the surface of an oil or gas well that

provides the structural and pressure-containing interface for the drilling and production equipment.

Figure 4.1: Line diagram of a well head with 2 casing policy.

The well head installed in well no. 3 has the following details:

1. Casing policy

2. Casing head housing details

Casing head top flange: 11” X 3000 psi

Surface Casing: 9 ⅝“

Outside (Gate valve): 2 1/16” X 3000 psi

Sr. No. Hole size, in Casing size, in Setting Depth, m

1 12 ¼ “ 9 ⅝“ 800 +/- 50 m

2 8 ½ “ 5 ½ “ 1400-1900 (+/- 50 m)

Essar Oil Well Head and X-Mas Tree

4.2

3. Tubing spool details

Casing spool top flange: 7 1/16 X 5000 psi

Casing spool bottom flange: 11” X 3000 psi

Outside (Gate valve): 2 1/16” X 5000 psi

4. Tubing adapter details

Adapter flange: 7 1/16” X 2 9/16” X 5000 psi

Tree adapter bottom flange: 7 1/16” X 5000 psi

Tree adapter top flange: 2 9/16 X 5000 psi

Christmas tree: A Christmas tree, or "tree", is an assembly of valves, spools, and fittings used for an oil well, gas well, water injection well, water disposal well, gas injection well, condensate well and other types of wells. It was named for its crude resemblance to a decorated tree. The primary function of a tree is to control the flow, usually oil or gas, out of the well. When the well and facilities are ready to produce and receive oil or gas, tree valves are opened and the formation fluids are allowed to go through a flow line. This leads to a processing facility, storage depot and/or other pipeline eventually leading to a refinery or distribution centre (for gas). Figure 4.2: Line diagram of a Christmas tree with 1 master valve.

Essar Oil Well Head and X-Mas Tree

4.3

Well Head and Christmas tree showing various components

Figure 4.3: Well Head and Christmas tree