(4) Zainuddin Ghazali - NRW and Water Balance an Operator's Perspective

8/2/2019 (4) Zainuddin Ghazali - NRW and Water Balance an Operator's Perspective

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NRW and the Water BalanceBy : Ir. Zainuddin Md. GhazaliRanhill Utilities Sdn Bhd

16 November 2009


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Ranhill WaterServices

CONTENTS

What is NRW? NRW Components

Awareness, Location, Repairs Moving Towards NRW Reduction


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Water Utilities around the Globe, ..


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have a common problem

much precious water

is being lost


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There is too much ..

NRWNon-Revenue Water


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The Worldwide Challenge NRW is a world wide problem It is also a Management Problem!

Repairs

Strategy

TimePressure

Detection

Maintai

n

MonitorMeasure

Equipment


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WHAT IS NRW?


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Definition of NRW

Non Revenue Water is defined as water produced bytreatment plants, but which is not billed to customers.

NRW = Volume of Water Produced - Volume of Water Billed

What Is NRW?


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If P = Production, C = Consumption

Formula :

P - C = NRW%

P

What Is NRW?


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NRW Conponents

CommercialCommercialLossesLosses(( Physical LossesPhysical Losses ))

Not all WTPsare metered

Faulty Meters. Inaccurate

WTP meters

Leakages : Distribution

mains. In the booster

pump houses. Air valves. Scour valves

Balancingreservoirs &suction tanks

Overflow fromresevoir .

Theft of level controland monitoringequipment.

Pipe Bursts Leakages :

Reticulationmains.

Communicationpipes.

Sluice valves.

Air valves Scour valves. Hydrants.

Unstablepressure

Water theft.

Billing system.

Faulty meters. Aging meters Inaccessible

meters Water theft.

BoosterPumpBoosterPumpWater TreatmentWater TreatmentPlantPlant

watermeter watermeter consumer consumer ServiceServiceReservoir Reservoir

BalancingBalancingReservoir Reservoir

Consumer Consumer meter meter

WATERTREATMENT

PLANT

CONSUMER(BILLING SYSTEM)NETWORKDISTRIBUTION


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NRW ComponentsContribution to NRW:

Pipe burst/leaks Meter errors

Mistake in Bills Tanks overflow Daily operation activities

Illegal connection/water theft


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NRW ComponentsCauses of pipes burst & leaks

Low quality pipes Pipes not correctly stores Pipes moves not correct Pipes not correctly installed High Pressure Pressure Surge Soils Type Maintenance not correctly done


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NRW ComponentsPipe Burst / Leakage


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Leakage

Pipe Crack

NRW Components


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Reservoir & Tank Losses

Losses at reservoirs can occur in two ways

Reservoir Overflows

Reservoir Leakage

NRW Components


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Ranhill WaterServices A recording of reservoir level showing signs of overflow occurring

Reservoir overflows need to be stopped through the use of pump

pressure control or through altitude / float valve installation.

NRW ComponentsReservoir Overflow


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NRW ComponentsReservoir Overflow


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Ranhill WaterServices A Water leaking from an elevated tank

Reservoir leakage needs to be monitored and when an unacceptablelevel is reached, repair or replacement should ensue.

NRW ComponentsReservoir Leakage


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NRW ComponentsCauses of Reservoir / Tank Errors

Poor design Poor construction & materials Poor meter maintenance Lack of overflow control Old age


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NRW Components Apparent Losses

Meter reading errors Meter under registration Meter accounting errors Water theft


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MeterReadingErrors

Existing Apparent Loss

Economic Targetfor Apparent Loss

Meter Under-Registration

WaterAccounting

Errors

Water

Theft

Factors Affecting Apparent Losses

NRW Components


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Elements of Apparent Losses

Customer Meter Inaccuracies Unauthorized Consumption illegal connections, theft and fraud

Customer Data Base (accounting) Errors Data Collection (meter reading) and datatransfer/management

Errors

NRW Components


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Meter Inaccuracies : Causes

Meter Errors Wrong installation Poor materials, improper installation

Poor water quality, intermittent supply Unsuitable size (lack of meter flow profile) Inappropriate class and type of meter

Roof Tanks Lack of proper maintenance / replacement Customer tampering of meter

NRW Components


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Factors Effecting Meter Accuracy

1. Mechanical

Worn bearings Worn Vane blades Water Quality Stalling of vane at low flow

NRW Components


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Factors Effecting Meter Accuracy

2. Electro-Magnetic Excess voltage in the meter Corrosion of pipe materials Water Quality

3. Ultrasonic Movement of transducer

Air in the water Water Quality

NRW Components


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Customer Services

1. Customer meters

Meter size: Match to consumption Replacement meters. New installations

Review meter replacement policy Test meters to identify accuracy with age profile. Replace meters at agreed age

Replace damaged/failed meters Work with manufacturers to improve service Meter servicing trial Update customer records on replacement

NRW Components


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Customer Services

2. Meter reading

Regular reading Accurate reading Zero readings Low readings Damaged meters

Meter readers Look for water theft Look for leakage Customer side leakage Tampered meters

NRW Components


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Customer Services

3. Customer Accounts

Identify all accounts Ensure all properties connected and registered

Regular customer counts

Check all vacant properties Quick update of account details Analyse customer data

Review customer accounts to identifyanomalies

Look for changes in consumption Follow up on disconnections Relate accounts to DMZs

NRW Components


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Customer Services

4. Reticulation Mains Replacement Check all connections:

Illegal connections

Bypasses Illegal connections Water theft

Meters bypassed More than one property connected.

NRW Components


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Customer Services

5. Water Theft Meters reconnected without approval. Meter bypass.

Illegal connections. Tampered meters. Analyse data:

Zero readings

Billing data for problems Correct tariff

NRW Components


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Common Examples

NRW Components


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Water Theft

NRW Components


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Regular visualinspection

Look foranomalies inbilling records

Compareconsumption rateto average values

Meter Tampering andBy Passes

NRW Components


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Meter TamperingNRW Components


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Apparent/Commercial Losses

Real /Physical Losses

NRW Components


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IWA Standard Water Balance

SystemInput

Volume

AuthorisedConsumption

Billed AuthorisedConsumption

Billed Metered ConsumptionRevenue

WaterBilled Unmetered Consumption

Unbilled AuthorisedConsumption

Unbilled Metered Consumption

NonRevenue

Water

Unbilled Unmetered Consumption

Water Losses

ApparentLosses

Unauthorised Consumption

Billing & Customer MeterInaccuracy

Real Losses

Leakage On Overflows At Storage

Tank Leakage On Transmission And

Distribution Main

Leakage On Service ConnectionsUp To Point Of Customer Meter


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AWARENESS,LOCATION & REPAIR


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Awareness, Location & Repair

Water Losses : Strong Burst

Time 2 hours Losses Rate - 30m 3 /hour Total Losses = 60m 3


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Water Losses : Medium Burst/Leaks

Time - 14 days Losses rate - 1.5m 3 /hour Total Losses = 504m 3


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Water Losses : Small Leaks

Time -3 months Losses Rate - 0.5m 3 /hour Total Losses = 1080m 3


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Time (days)

Flow(m 3/hr)

A

Connection Burst: 504 m 3 Lost

L R2

5

14 days

Time (days)

Flow(m 3/hr)

A

Valve Leak: 1080 m 3 Lost

L R0.5

1

90 Days

Time (days)

Flow(m 3/hr)

A

Mains Burst: 60 m 3 Lost

L R10

30 0.1 Day

A awareness L location R -repair

Importance of increased activity


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Awareness

V o l u m e o

f W a t e r

L o s t C u b

i c M e t r e s p e r

D a y

Time in Days

Volume ofWater lostover Time

RepairLocation

Total Timeto Stop the

Leak

Volume Lost= Quantity X Time

TIME IS EVERYTHING


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AWARENESS


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StonerNetwork Modeling

BillingData

Loggers

Arc GIS

Database

Leakage

Analysis

Reporting

ManagementDecision

Use of MIS System


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Use of MIS System

Leakage Reporting Locate leak locations graphically

Network Analysis Construction of Network Model Reporting of Model Analysis Graphically

Customer Information System Show non-functioning meters graphically Show unpaid bills graphically System Analysis Automatic calculation of area NRWs


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river

WTP / Pump Station

Pressure and flow datais retrieved on requestvia a modem using acomputer in Thamesoperations office

Typical pressure dataretrieved via telemetry

Typical flow dataretrieved via telemetry

Telemetry System


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DMA


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DMA

Establishment of DMA

Mapping Zero Pressure Test (ZPT) Legitimate Night Flow (LNF)

T Factor


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DMA

Flow Recording

Minimum Night Flow (MNF) Net Night Flow (NNF) = MNF LNF

Peak Flow Average Flow


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DMA

Leakage Control

Monitoring NNF Step Valve

Leakage Reduction Step Testing Leakage Detection Check NNF After Repair


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F l o w

l / s

Minimum Night Flow

24 Hours Flow Graph

l l


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1 52

Time (Weeks)

Averaged WklyNight Flow(cubic metres/hr.)

IncreasingUFW

Metered Consumption

Non-metered consumption

Intervention Limit

Reduction due toDetection orRehabilitation

effortBase Level for UFW

Non-detectable UFW

DMA Flow Analysis


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LOCATION

L i


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Location

Passive Leak Detection Repair only leaks that become visible above ground

Active Leak Detection Actively seek non visible leaks and repair them in a

short period

L ti


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Location

Visual Customer Complaint Operational Staff

Inspection & Sounding Acoustic Listening Sticks

Ground Microphones Electronic Listening Equipment

Correlating Leak Noise Correlator Leak Noise Loggers

L ti


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Leakage Detection

Location

Location


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Leakage Detection

Location

Location


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Location

Billing and Meter Reading

Meter Reader Report Customer Feedbacks Operational Staff Report Customer Surveys Automatic Bills Checks

Zero reads Low readings

Location


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Location

Location


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Complicated piping causing problem inidentifying meter to property

Multiple meter causing problems inidentifying meter to property

Multiple meters causing problems inidentifying meter to property

Location

Pipeline re-routed causing difficulty inidentifying meters to property


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REPAIR

Good Working Practices


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Good Working Practices

Good Quality Materials

Good Quality Tools & Equipment Backfilled & Compact Sand Around Pipe Good Experienced Monitoring

Provided Safety Protection Equipment Increase Health & Safety

Repair


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Repair


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MOVING TOWARDSNRW REDUCTION

Moving Towards NRW Reduction


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Remember : NRW Reduction NOT a Single Activity

NRW reduction not an isolated technical problem tied to overall asset management and operation

not a one-off activity, requires long term commitmentand perseverance

Successful NRW reduction programs connected

to overall utility strengthening and assetmanagement programs

NRW Reduction


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The reduction of NRW is theresponsibility of all

departments & organization

W educt o

Framework for NRW Reduction


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Staff Capacity& Know How

AssetManagement

Operations & Maintenance

CustomerSupport

FundingCommercialOperations

ENABLINGENVIRONMENT

NRW

ManagementSupport

Network OperationsReliableData

NRW Reduction


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ENABLING WORKS

DistrictMetering

BaselineStudies

TelemetryImplementation

Leakage

Reporting

Detection &Repair

PressureControl

PipeReplacement

ReservoirsControls

TrunkMains

NetworkAnalysis

DigitalMapping

CustomerSurveys

BillingAnalysis

NRW REDUCTION ACTIVITIES



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gSupport of Enabling Environment(Policies & /Regulations)

Policymakers understand importance of NRW reduction support NRW initiatives

demand accountability for successful action Regulation

utility charter highlights NRW performance contracts with targets for

NRW periodic review progress against targets sufficient funding for NRW reduction



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Ranhill Water

Services

g

Support & Commitment from Management(all levels)

Direction with realistic targets and sufficient incentives Internal cooperation Sufficient manpower allocation

Capacity building, external assistance Organization, procedures, performance targets Equipment: tools, equipment, vehicles Appropriate funding Active lobbying, advocacy with the external

environment



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Ranhill Water

Services

Successful leakage reduction programs:

dependent on many elements from managementsupport, adequate funding to analytical capacity

a challenge but with the certainty of greatbenefits

essential for improving service provision andoperating efficiency of all utilities/waterworks

Starting a NRW programme


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Ranhill Water

Services

Depends obviously on present situation(baseline)

Need to assess How bad is the problem? What is known about NRW? Is management convinced and supportive? What do the politicians think? Will customers go along? Willingness to allocate money to NRW? Staff with knowledge, willing, able to learn?

Is there energy to undertake change?

Starting a NRW programme


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Ranhill Water

Services

Key considerations in preparing strategy

How prepared is the utility for tackling NRW? How many conditions are met; whats missing? Are sector reform and utility strengthening

necessary? Can NRW program be successful under present

conditions (what is current capacity)?

Key Elements Of NRW Reduction Strategy


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Ranhill Water

Services

Establish objectives Get internal and external support

Set ambitious but realistic targets Provide incentives for staff (prestige) Plan new investments to specifically include

NRW reduction Consider outsourcing NRW reduction (private

sector)

Field activities to reduce NRW can begin


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Ranhill Water

Services

right away!Much can be done immediately with very little

resources repairing visible leaks updating network maps using leak detection equipment updating customer database searching for illegal connections

Start with addressing apparent losses!


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Ranhill Water

Services

www.ranhillutilities.com.my

Thank you

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(4) Zainuddin Ghazali - NRW and Water Balance an Operator's Perspective

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