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Neurons, Brain Chemistry, and Neurotransmission
Biomedical Technology II
Unit 4
Lesson 2
Objectives
• Understand the hierarchal organization of the brain, neuron and synapse
• Understand the sequence of event involved in communication at the synapse
• Understand the synaptic transmission involves neurotransmitters that may be either excitatory or inhibitory
The Brain
• Approximately 3 lbs• Contains billions of cells
– Nerve cells (neurons)– Glial cells (glia)
Neuron
• Basic signaling unit
• 100,000,000,000 = 1011
• Interaction between neurons – Think– Move– Maintain homeostasis– Feel emotions
Activity : Anatomy of a Neuron
• Cell body• Dendrites
• Axon
Neurons Interact with Other Neurons Through Synapses
The Synapse (The connection between)
• Presynaptic neuron – The neuron whose axon forms the synapse
with the dendrite of another neuron
– Sends out information
• Postsynaptic neuron– The neuron whose dendrite forms a synapse
with the axon of the presynaptic neuron
– Receives information
The Reward System
• Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)
• Nucleus accumbens
• Frontal region of cerebral cortex
Neurons Use Electrical and Chemical Signals to Transmit Information
• Neurons use electrical impulse (action potential) to relay information from one part of a neuron to another
• Neuron coverts the electrical signal to a chemical signal (neurotransmitter)
• Target neuron then converts the message back to an electrical impulse to continue the process
Activity: How Do Neurons Communicate?
Before we begin….
What is the purpose of a synapse?
How do neurons regulate body functions, behaviors, and emotions?
How neurotransmission works….
Recording the Activity of a Neuron
Neurotransmitters
• Excitatory • Inhibitory
Activity: Neurotransmitter Actions
• Analyze the effects of different neurotransmitters on the activity of a neuron
• Answer the questions on worksheet 2.7
Activity: One Neuron Signals Another
• Complete worksheet 2.8B
• We will do Case “A” together