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Risk Factors Increase with Age
The risk of non-disjunction increases with age.1 in 800 children is born with Down Syndrome.
Prenatal Testing
After age 35.At 8 weeks, the chorionic villus sampling (CVS) can remove cells from the outer membrane surrounding the embryoLater, amniocentesis can be doneBetween 15-20 weeks a multiple markerblood test can be done.
Infertility
10% of couples in Ontario are unable to produce children
-poor sperm or egg quality-blockages in the fallopian tube or vas deferens
Assisted Reproductive Technology
-increased gamete production-fertility drugs-in vitro fertilization
In Vitro Fertilization
• Use hormone therapy to stimulate egg production
• Harvest eggs• Fertilized with sperm in a petri dish• Embryos are transferred to the womb
Laser-assisted Hatching
Using a laser, a whole is made in the zona pellucida, the outer shell of a fertilized egg, allowing the embryo to hatch and implant in the uterus.
Artificial Insemination
Semen is placed into the reproductive tract of a female.
-breeding of prized animals (race horses, dairy cows)-efforts to save endangered species