FederalismFederalism is a is a political concept in which a concept in which a groupgroup of members are bound together by of members are bound together by

covenant with a governing representative head. covenant with a governing representative head. The term The term federalismfederalism is also used to describe a is also used to describe a system of the government in which sovereignty system of the government in which sovereignty

is constitutionally divided between a central is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political governing authority and constituent political

units (like states or provinces). Federalism is a units (like states or provinces). Federalism is a system in which the power to govern is shared system in which the power to govern is shared

between national and provincial (state) between national and provincial (state) governments, creating what is often called a governments, creating what is often called a

federationfederation.. Proponents are often called Proponents are often called federalists.federalists.

Dual federalismDual federalism

Cooperative Cooperative federalismfederalism

Creative Creative federalismfederalism

New federalismNew federalism

Dual federalismDual federalism, , a legal theory which has prevailed in a legal theory which has prevailed in the United States since 1789, is the belief that the United the United States since 1789, is the belief that the United States consists of two separate and co-sovereign branches States consists of two separate and co-sovereign branches of government. This form of government works on the of government. This form of government works on the principle that the national and state governments are split principle that the national and state governments are split into their own spheres, and each is supreme within its into their own spheres, and each is supreme within its respective sphere. Specifically, dual federalism discusses respective sphere. Specifically, dual federalism discusses the relationship between the national government and the the relationship between the national government and the states' governments. According to this theory, there are states' governments. According to this theory, there are certain limits placed on the federal government. These certain limits placed on the federal government. These limits are:limits are:1. National government rules by rules only.1. National government rules by rules only.2. National government has a limited set of constitutional 2. National government has a limited set of constitutional purposes.purposes.3. Each governmental unit—state and federal—is sovereign 3. Each governmental unit—state and federal—is sovereign within its sphere of operations.within its sphere of operations.4. Relationship between nation and states is best summed 4. Relationship between nation and states is best summed up as tension rather than cooperationup as tension rather than cooperation

Cooperative federalism Cooperative federalism emphasized an expanded role for emphasized an expanded role for

the national government, and the national government, and cooperation between the national cooperation between the national government and the states. This government and the states. This

relationship predominated relationship predominated between between 19301930 and and 1960.1960.

Implementing Cooperative Implementing Cooperative FederalismFederalism

National government- give grantsNational government- give grants““Strings-Attached” Federal Strings-Attached” Federal

GrantsGrantsTypes of grantsTypes of grants Categorical GrantsCategorical Grants Block GrantsBlock Grants Federal MandatesFederal Mandates

Creative federalismCreative federalism, also known as , also known as "picket fence federalism," predominated "picket fence federalism," predominated during the period of 1960 to 1980. This during the period of 1960 to 1980. This

relationship was characterized by relationship was characterized by overloaded cooperation and crosscutting overloaded cooperation and crosscutting

regulations. regulations.

New federalismNew federalism, sometimes , sometimes referred to as "on your own referred to as "on your own

federalism," is characterized by federalism," is characterized by further devolution of power from further devolution of power from national to state governments, national to state governments,

deregulation, but also increased deregulation, but also increased difficulty of states to fulfill their new difficulty of states to fulfill their new

mandates. This period began in mandates. This period began in 1981 and continues to the present. 1981 and continues to the present.

Anti-FederalismAnti-Federalism is a political  is a political philosophy which opposes the concept philosophy which opposes the concept of Federalism. In short, Anti-Federalists of Federalism. In short, Anti-Federalists

dictate that the central governing authority of dictate that the central governing authority of a nation should be equal or inferior to, but a nation should be equal or inferior to, but

not having more power than, its sub-national not having more power than, its sub-national states (state government). A book states (state government). A book

titled titled "The Anti-Federalist Papers""The Anti-Federalist Papers" is a  is a detailed explanation of American Anti-detailed explanation of American Anti-

Federalist thought.Federalist thought.

THERE ARE TWO OR MORE LEVELS OF GOV.TTHERE ARE TWO OR MORE LEVELS OF GOV.T DIFFERENT TIERS OF GOV.T GOVERN THE SAME CITIZEN ,BUT EACH TIER DIFFERENT TIERS OF GOV.T GOVERN THE SAME CITIZEN ,BUT EACH TIER

HAS ITS OWN JURISDICTIONHAS ITS OWN JURISDICTION THE JURISDICTION OF THE RESPECTIVE LEVELS OR TIERS OF THE JURISDICTION OF THE RESPECTIVE LEVELS OR TIERS OF

GOVERNMENT ARE SPECIFIED IN THE CONSTITUTIONGOVERNMENT ARE SPECIFIED IN THE CONSTITUTION NO FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE CAN BE MADE IN THE CONSTITUTION WITHOUT NO FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE CAN BE MADE IN THE CONSTITUTION WITHOUT

THE CONSENT OF ALL LEVELS OF GOV.TTHE CONSENT OF ALL LEVELS OF GOV.T AN INDEPENDENT JUDICIARY PREVENTS CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE CENTER AN INDEPENDENT JUDICIARY PREVENTS CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE CENTER

AND THE STATE AND AMONG THE STATEAND THE STATE AND AMONG THE STATE EACH LEVEL OF GOV.T HAS CLEARLY SPECIFIED SOURCE OF REVENUE TO EACH LEVEL OF GOV.T HAS CLEARLY SPECIFIED SOURCE OF REVENUE TO

AVOID CONFLICTAVOID CONFLICT THE FEDERAL SYSTEM THUS HAS DUAL OBJECTIVES : THE FEDERAL SYSTEM THUS HAS DUAL OBJECTIVES :

1)TO SAFE GUARD AND PROMOTE UNITY OF THE COUNTRY 1)TO SAFE GUARD AND PROMOTE UNITY OF THE COUNTRY 2)TO ACCOMMODATE REGIONAL DIVERSITY 2)TO ACCOMMODATE REGIONAL DIVERSITY

KINDS OF FEDERATIONSKINDS OF FEDERATIONS

COMING TOGETHER FEDERATIONCOMING TOGETHER FEDERATION1)INDEPENDENT STATES1)INDEPENDENT STATES VOLUNTARILY FORM A VOLUNTARILY FORM A

BIGGER UNIONBIGGER UNION2)STATE AND THE CENTER HAVE EQUAL POWERS2)STATE AND THE CENTER HAVE EQUAL POWERS e.g.- U.S.A ,SWITZERLAND ,AUSTRALIAe.g.- U.S.A ,SWITZERLAND ,AUSTRALIA

HOLDING TOGETHER FEDERATIONHOLDING TOGETHER FEDERATION1)1) A LARGE COUNTRY DECIDES TO DIVIDE ITS POWER A LARGE COUNTRY DECIDES TO DIVIDE ITS POWER

BETWEEN THE STATES AND CENTRAL GOV.T BETWEEN THE STATES AND CENTRAL GOV.T2)2) THE CENTRAL GOV.T IS ALWAYS MORE POWERFUL THE CENTRAL GOV.T IS ALWAYS MORE POWERFUL

THAN THE REGIONAL STATES THAN THE REGIONAL STATES e.g.- INDIA ,SPAIN ,BELGIUMe.g.- INDIA ,SPAIN ,BELGIUM

WHAT MAKES INDIA A FEDERAL WHAT MAKES INDIA A FEDERAL COUNTRY ?COUNTRY ?

POWERS ARE DIVIDED AS :POWERS ARE DIVIDED AS :

UNION LISTUNION LIST

STATE LISTSTATE LIST

CONCURENT LISTCONCURENT LIST

CUNCURRENT CUNCURRENT LISTLIST

1)has 47 subjects1)has 47 subjects2)education 2)education

marriage,forest marriage,forest are subjectsare subjects

3)laws are made 3)laws are made bymembers of bymembers of state as well as state as well as

union listunion list

Union listUnion list1)Has 99 1)Has 99

subjectssubjects

2)banking,2)banking,

communication,ccommunication,currencyurrency

are the subjectsare the subjects

3)Laws made by 3)Laws made by

Members of Members of union union

listlist

STATE LISTSTATE LIST1)has 66 subjects1)has 66 subjects

2)police,trade,2)police,trade,

c ommerce are c ommerce are subjectssubjects

3)laws are made3)laws are made

by members of by members of state liststate list

HOW IS FEDERALISM HOW IS FEDERALISM PRACTICEDPRACTICED

LINGUISTIC STATESLINGUISTIC STATES**CREATION OF LINGUISTIC STATES WAS DONE ON TWO CREATION OF LINGUISTIC STATES WAS DONE ON TWO

BASES : 1)CULTURE ,ETHNICITY OR GEOGRAPHYBASES : 1)CULTURE ,ETHNICITY OR GEOGRAPHY 2)ON BAISIS OF LANGUAGE2)ON BAISIS OF LANGUAGE e.g.-nagaland,uttarkhand,jharkhand e.g.-nagaland,uttarkhand,jharkhand

**LANGUAGE POLICYLANGUAGE POLICY # HINDI IS THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF INDIA# HINDI IS THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF INDIA #BESIDES HINDI THERE ARE 21 OTHER LANGUAGE#BESIDES HINDI THERE ARE 21 OTHER LANGUAGE #CENTRAL GOV.T PROMOTES HINDI BUT CANNOT #CENTRAL GOV.T PROMOTES HINDI BUT CANNOT

IMPOSE IT ON ANY STATEIMPOSE IT ON ANY STATE

**center state relationscenter state relations

$$THE WAY CONSTITUTION HAS MADE THE CENTER THE WAY CONSTITUTION HAS MADE THE CENTER AND THE STATES SHARE POWERS HAS ALSO AND THE STATES SHARE POWERS HAS ALSO STREANGTHENED FEDERALISM IN INDIA STREANGTHENED FEDERALISM IN INDIA

DECENTRALISATION IN DECENTRALISATION IN INDIAINDIA

DECENTRALISATION MEANS THAT SOME DECENTRALISATION MEANS THAT SOME POWER IS TAKEN AWAY FROM THE CENTRAL POWER IS TAKEN AWAY FROM THE CENTRAL AND STATE GOV.T AND GIVEN TO LOCAL AND STATE GOV.T AND GIVEN TO LOCAL GOV.TGOV.T

LOCAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENT

RURAL LOCAL GOVERNMENTRURAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT

URBAN LOCAL GOV.TURBAN LOCAL GOV.T

Who is sarpanch?Who is sarpanch? Name any two cities with muncipal corporations?Name any two cities with muncipal corporations?

How many languageshave been sheduled in indian constituion?How many languageshave been sheduled in indian constituion?

On which amentment of india is the panchayathi raj system based on?On which amentment of india is the panchayathi raj system based on?

Who is mayor?Who is mayor?

Which system of government is followed in india?Which system of government is followed in india?

Which of the indian states enjoys some special powers ,like having its own constitution?Which of the indian states enjoys some special powers ,like having its own constitution?

Out of 192 countries how many has federal political system ?Out of 192 countries how many has federal political system ?

prime minister runs the country ,chief minister runs the state,then what dose chair prime minister runs the country ,chief minister runs the state,then what dose chair person of zilla parishad can do ?person of zilla parishad can do ?

how much elected representatives are there in the panchayaths and muncipalitieshow much elected representatives are there in the panchayaths and muncipalities

PRESENTED BY PRESENTED BY

AMAL JOYS AMAL JOYS

JOSEPH CHETHALANJOSEPH CHETHALAN

ARUN BABUARUN BABU

KEVIN JOSEKEVIN JOSE

DEVIKA .SDEVIKA .S

PRAVEENA PETERPRAVEENA PETER

GAYATHRI GAYATHRI

BENDY ANN BENDY ANN