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Biotechnology Scotland Project
5 14 Biotechnology
Trial Materials
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Improving Science Education 5-14Planning framework - Unit 32 Biotechnology
respiration
give the main distinguishing features of microorganisms
describe the harmful and beneficial role ofmicroorganisms
explain the role of chromosomes and genes ininheritance
outline the principles of modern biotechnology andexplain its significance now and for the future
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Main distinguishing features
of micro-organisms
Size very small, use microscope
Reproduction can be very rapid givenappropriate conditions
Ubiquitous found everywhere
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Looking at Micro-organisms
Types & Size - Microscopy
Hanging drop preparation
Algae
Protozoa
Wet preparation
Yeast
Prepared slides/photographs
Bacteria
Viruses
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Working with Micro-organisms
Health & Safety ConsiderationsCOSHH Regulations Safety
Code of Practice
Microbiology Techniques
Microbiology techniques Cards
Micro Safety and Techniques CD-Romfrom SSERC
Training required to level 3
Contact SSERC in 1st instance
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Growing Micro-organisms
- effect of temperatureInoculate plates
with yeast
refrigerator
room
oven
room
room
room
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Growing Micro-organisms
- where are they found?
control test
inoculate
control test
Seal plates
Incubate room Temp
Do not re-open
Autoclave
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Harmful & Helpful Effects of Micro-organismsBaddies and Buddies
Harmful Effects
Food spoilage bread moulds
Food poisoning - hygiene
Other diseases - antifungals
Helpful Effects
Food manufacture dough race
Decomposition compost column
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Harmful Micro-organisms
- bread mould investigationUse different types of bread
White
Brown
Organic
Non-organic
Long-life
Use double self-sealplastic bags
Leave at roomtemperature
Observe appearanceand progression ofmould growth
Do not open
Autoclave on completion of investigation
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Harmful Micro-organisms
- effect of cleaning
unwashed water
disinfectant
unwashed water
disinfectant
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Harmful Micro-organisms
- antifungals
control
anti-fungal
Tape plates closed, do not re-open
Autoclave on completion
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Helpful Micro-organisms
- dough race
1
Flour
Water
2
Flour
Yeast
3
Flour
Yeast
Sugar
Greater respiration in 3 causes greater CO2production and dough to rise further
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Role of chromosomes & genes
in Inheritance
Extraction of DNA
Fruit Full of DNA
Electrophoresis
Wizard genes
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Role of chromosomes & genes
- fruit Full of DNA
Keep materials cool where indicated
Squash fruit in plastic bag to mechanically break upcells
Add washing up liquid, salt and heat to 60C for15 min to disrupt cellular membranes
Filter to remove cell debris
Precipitate by adding cold methanol
DNA appears as white strands in methanol
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Role of chromosomes & genes
- Wizard DNA Gel Electrophoresis
Gel Electrophoresis
negative charge on molecules
gel is porous
molecules travel through gel according to sizewhen electrical current applied
smaller molecules travel faster
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Role of chromosomes & genes
- Wizard DNA Electrophoresis
Importance of gel electrophoresis
Gene identification, manipulation and sequencing
Forensics, paternity cases
Practical introduces the idea of separating mixturesand using bands to assist in identification
Electrophoresis of a mixture of food dyes