5. Disaster Management

7/31/2019 5. Disaster Management

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Safety Module: Disaster Management Plan, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Disaster ManagementPlan for

Thermal Power Plants


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Natural disasters (earth quake, flood etc.,)

Technical disasters sabotage, collapse of buildings, release of gases, major fires, explosions.


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A disaster occurring in the plant may affect/cause several sections within it serious injuries / loss of lives, Extensive damage to property Serious disruption out side the works area

It will require the best use of internal resources aswell as outside resources to handle it effectively.

Disaster (Major Emergency)


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ON-SITE EMERGENCY : An accidentwhich takes place in an industry handlinghazardous materials and its effects areconfined to the factory premises involvingonly the people working in the factory.

OFF-SITE EMERGENCY: If an accident

takes place in an industry handlinghazardous materials and its effects are feltoutside the factory premises, the situationthus generated is called an Off-Site

Emergency


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Is Power Industry A Hazardous Industry?

Yes,

In accordance with the provision of Schedule 2 (C),(b) read with The Factories Act 1948, powergenerating industry is classified as hazardousprocess under item 5 thereof.

According to Section 41-b, para 4, of Factories Act1948, all factory engaged in hazardous processes

must have disaster plan .


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Every occupier shall, with the approval of chief inspector, draw up on site emergency plan anddetailed disaster control measures for his factoryand make known to the workers employed there inand to the general public living in the vicinity of factory the safety measure required to be taken inthe event of an accident taking place.

Provisions of Section 41-b, Para -4 of Factories Act 1948


7/63Safety Module: Disaster Management Plan, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Provisions of Section 41-b, Para -5 of Factories Act 1948

Every occupier of a factory shall,-(A) If factory engaged in a hazardous process on the

commencement of the Factories (amendment) Act,1987 (20 of 1987), within a period of thirty days of such commencement; and

(B) If such factory proposes to engage in a hazardousprocess at any time after such commencement, within aperiod of thirty days before the commencement of suchprocess,

Inform the chief inspector of the nature & details of the process in such form and in such manner as maybe prescribed.



Laws relevant to disaster management,emergency planning, preparedness & response

Factories Act, 1948 (major amendment in 1987)Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

Manufacture, Storage, Use & Import of hazardous chemicalsAct, 1989Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness & Response) Rules, 1996Hazardous wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981Public Nuisance ActExplosives Act, 1884/Rules, 1983 (includes Gas CylindersRules, 2004)Petroleum Act, 1934/Rules, 2002 etc.



Aim of the Disaster Plan

The emergency planning is aimed to ensure

safety of life, protection of environment,installations and restoration of production

(generation of electricity).



Objective of the PlanThe plan is developed to make best possible use of resources at its command and / or out side agenciesfor the following purposes.

1. Safe guard others by evacuating them to saferplaces;

2. Rescue of victims and treating them suitably toeffect speedy recovery at hospital;

3. Identify the personnel affected / dead;4. Inform relative of those deceased / effected;

5. Providing relevant record / data needed asevidence for subsequent enquiry;

6. Rehabilitation of the affected;



Cause of Major Disasters in Power Plants

Fast spreading fires

Explosions Bursting of pipe lines / vessels Uncontrolled release of toxic / corrosive /

flammable liquids

Slow isolated fires Uncontrolled release of toxic / flammable gases /dusts

Breach of dams, / ash dykes Floods



Fire Hazards In Power Plants

Coal handling plant : Coal dust accumulation on

conveyor decks, cable trays, head & tail pulleys, Crusher house and vibrating screen floors, Bunker house ,

Belt sway, belt tension, Failure of belt joints, Snapping of belts, Partially damaged belt in operation, Smoldering fire in bunkers, Jamming of idlers and pulleys,



Fire Hazards In Power Plants Cables in cable galleries and on trays in all plant

sections, Coal dust deposited on cable trays in mill area Fuel oil handling and oil tanks (HSD, HFO,

Naphtha, Petrol ) Transformer oil, turbine oil, control fluid, seal oil, Natural gas Electrical system Heat path damaged insulation Grass Accumulation of waste material etc.



Explosion Hazard In Power Plant

Hydrogen plant Turbo generators where hydrogen is used for

cooling of TG.

Transformer (oil cooled).

Boiler (Coal/Oil fired).

Coal dust in Mills and Boilers.



Bursting of Pipe Lines, Vessels

Water / Steam pipes due to high pressure/temperature

H2 Gas lines and Acid lines.

Acid/Alkali tanks

H2 Gas Cylinders

Compressed air header.

Compressed air receivers.

H2 Gas Holder.



Release of Gases / Dust

Chlorine in water treatment plant Hydrogen in turbo generator area of main plant Pulverised coal dust from mills and associated

piping Fly ash from chimneys and ash ponds, ESP

hoppers and bottom ash system Coal dust in transfer points, CHP, Crusher & mill

area.

Flue gas from the ducts



Release Of Liquid

Acid and alkali tanks in water treatment plants Chlorine toners in WTPs

Fuel oil tanks in fuel oil handling section Naphtha handling and storage Ash dyke Control fluid in 500 MW turbine system

Turbine oil and seal oil leakage



Floods

Breach of balancing reservoir. Breach of ash dykes


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Potential Major Emergency

A major emergency is one that effect severaldepartments within the factory or may causeserious injuries, loss of life extensive damage toproperty or serious disruption of works whichrequire the involvement of several resources tohandle it effectively.


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Sections Which Are Prone to Such Emergencies

1.Coal handling plant2.Main plant3.Water treatment plant4.Hydrogen generation plant5.MGR transportation system


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Common elements of a modelOn/Off-site

Emergency Management Plan


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Components of On-site Emergency Plan

Plant emergency organization

Plant & Area risk evaluation Notification procedures & communication systems

Emergency equipment and facilities

Procedure for returning to normal operations Training and drills for specialized services

Regular tests of emergency organization andprocedures

Plan updates

Emergency response procedures

Detailed operating manual


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General Risk Evaluation

Consists of the following components: Maximum quantitative and qualitative

assessment of of hazards at any given point of time

Location of hazardous systems Properties of hazardous systems (MSDS) Location of isolation systems Special fire-fighting procedures Special handling requirements.


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Notification procedures & communication systems

Alarm systems

Communication equipment (radio, hot lines) Plant management, Local Officials, Response

Agencies, Neighbouring industries, Neighbourhoodpopulation

Names and telephone #s of the designatedofficials and their alternates

Designated persons for media contacts Procedures for notifying families of injured

employees Central reporting office.


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Emergency equipment, facilities & procedure forreturning to normal operations

Fire-fighting equipment Emergency medical supplies Toxic gas detectors Wind direction/speed indicators

Self-contained breathing apparatus Protective clothing Other on-site equipment to be specified according

to the local conditions

Containment facilities around tanks/vessels Interfaces & lines of communication with off-site

officials, neighbouring industries.


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Training & Drills

Knowledge of chemicals (properties, toxicity, etc.)and procedures for reporting emergencies

Alarm systems and communication network

Location of fire-fighting/first-aid equipment

Use of fire-fighting/first-aid equipment

Use of protective equipment(respirators, breathingapparatus, clothing, etc.)

Decontamination procedure for protective clothingand equipment; demolition and repair

Evaluation procedures and rescue services

Records of documented simulated emergencies whichshould be conducted frequently.

Transportation and public relations

T i i & D ill


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Training and drills for specialized servicesRegular tests of emergency organization andprocedures

Plan updates

Emergency response procedures

Detailed operating manual

Training & Drills

E P d


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Emergency Preparedness

Testing and evaluating are an integral part of

emergency preparedness Objectives:o Assessment of effectiveness of the plan and response

capability and identify whole elements in the plano Establish criteria for corrective actionso Test knowledge/skill of the participating personnelo Serve as continuing training tool for response personnel,

provide an opportunity to practice skills under realisticcondition

o Test communication network & co-operative response

skills, educate the personnel and all other concerned.

Off i E Pl


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Off-site Emergency PlanLegal requirement:The concerned authority shall be duty-bound toprepare and keep up-to-date an off-site emergencyplan containing the specified details as to

How to deal with an emergency relating to a possible majoraccidentWhile preparing the plan the Authority shall consult theOccupier

The Occupier shall assist the Authority in preparation of theplanThe Authority shall prepare the plan in associationwith the plant management actively participating inthe process, in case of a new industry before the activity commences, and in case of an existing one within six months of these Rules

coming into force

The Authority shall ensure that a rehearsal of the plan is conducted at least once in a year.


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Work IncidentController

Chief IncidentController

First Information

EmergencyControl Room

DIZASTER MAGMT.ORGN.

Emergency plan

Each section will be headed by Works incidentcontroller reporting to the chief incident

controller Details in next slide

AS AG O G


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Work IncidentController

Chief Incident

Controller

Task ForceTeam

HR Team

Matls Mgmt.Team

Rescue Team

Medical team

Autobase Team Security Team

Support Team

Communicationteam

MaintTeam

SupportTeam

DIZASTER MAGMT.ORGN.

Di t M g t O g i ti


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OCCUPIER WHO HAS THE ULTIMATE CONTROL OVERTHE AFFAIRS OF FACTORY

Occupier in relation to NTPC plant is

Head of the plant i.e., Plant GeneralManager.

CHIEF INCIDENTCONTROLLER(CIC)

The GM of the plant will be CIC. In theabsence of GM whoever is in-charge GMwill be CIC

WORKS INCIDENT

CONTROLLER(WIC)

Head of O&M will be WIC. In the absence

of Head of O&M, in-charge O&M on thatday will be WIC.

INCIDENTCONTROLLER (IC)

Shift Charge Engineer will be the IncidentController

EMERGENCY

COMMUNICATIONOFFICER(ECO)

Public Relation Officer(PRO) will be theECO

KEY PERSONNEL The personnel who will have key role toplay in providing advice and inimplementing the decisions made by theCIC

Disaster Management Organisation

W k I id t C t ll (WIC )


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Works Incident Controller (WIC )

The main task to WIC is to visit the scene of theemergency, assessment of the situation anddecide whether a major emergency exists orlikely.

WIC is responsible for implementing the disasterplan to control the emergency.

The Sr. Manager of the section concerned shallbe WIC and name of all WIC shall be identified.

The unit controller / shift in charge engineersshall assume the responsibility of WIC, when heis not available at station.

R ibili i f WIC


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Responsibilities of WIC

The WIC shall identify ;

All probable emergency causing situations andtake proper precautionary measures to prevent /control such situations;

Ensure that all emergency team under him areinformed about their functions before and duringemergency;

Direct all operations with in the affected areawith the following priority;

1. Secure the safety of personnel2. Minimise damage to plant & environment3. Minimise loss of material

R ibiliti WIC


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Responsibilities WIC

Ensure that all non-essential workers in the affectedareas are evacuated to appropriate assembly point .

Set up communication contact through telephone /messenger etc. With emergency control centre.

Report significant developments to the chief incidentcontroller.

Assume duties of chief incident controller pendinghis arrival and in particular;

1.Direct the shut down and evacuation of plant and affectedareas likely to be threatened by the emergency.2.Ensure key personnel are informed and they are called in

Chief Incident Controller(CIC)


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Chief Incident Controller(CIC)

The General Manager /Head of Project shall bethe Chief Incident Controller (CIC).

The O&M in-charge on duty shall assumeresponsibility of CIC in the absence of GM/HoP.

Functions of CIC


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Functions of CIC

1. Relieve the works incidence controller from theresponsibility of over all main control.

2. Declare major emergency, if considered necessaryand ensure out side emergency services are called

in and near by industries are informed.3. Ensure key personnel are called in to exercise,

direct operation control.4. Directing shutting down and evacuation of plant,

establish liaison with head of fire, safety, medical,HR, security and local police.

Functions Of CIC


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Functions Of CIC

5. Arrange for relief of personnel and cateringfacilities for affected in emergency.

6. Issue authorised statements to news media.

7. Ensure information / reporting to CorporateOffice and Statutory authorities as perprovisions of state Factory rules and Factory Act1948.

Emergency Control Centre (ECC)


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Emergency control centre will be established andequipped with adequate means of communicationto areas inside and outside.

The emergency control room will be manned bythe Chief Incident Controller and key personneland Sr.Officers of out side services called forassistance.

No other personnel shall have access to the ECC.

E g C t l C t (ECC)


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ECC must contain the following information:

1. Safety data pertaining to all hazardous materialslikely to cause emergency.

2. Procedure of major and special fire fighting, rescueoperations, first aid etc.

3. Emergency call out list of persons drafted foremergency control eg key personnel from fire,

safety, medical, HR, security, local police andDistrict admn. Authorities.

E ti A d A bl P i t


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Evacuation And Assembly Points

In an emergency, it will almost certainly benecessary to evacuate personnel from affectedareas.

On evacuation, employees shall assemble atassembly point .

Assembly point must be given in disaster plan.

Assembly points

1. Main gate ( security gate no.1)2. Industrial canteen3. Administrative building

Ke Personnel


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Key Personnel

Apart from WIC and CIC, other works personnelwill have key role to play in providing advice andin implementing the decisions made by CIC.

Key personnel includes

1. Incharge of generation, electrical & mechanicalmaintenance, C&I, Chemistry (& WTP)

2. Head of HR, safety, autobase, PR, Medical,Security & fire.

Mutual Aid


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Mutual Aid

An understanding for mutual aid between nearbyindustries to send assistance to each other incase of an emergency;

Details of facilities offered by the mutual aid

partners should be mention in the plan; Details of contact phone nos. of officers

responsible for emergency action of mutual aidpartners should be mention in the plan

First Information


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First Information

The first person who observes / identifies theemergencies shall inform by shouting and bytelephone to the shift engineer / emergencycontrol room and fire station about the hazard.

The shift engineer will inform to Work IncidentController, Chief Incident Controller and alsotelephone operator, who shall communicate it toall key offices about the emergency.

Key personnel


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Apart from WIC and CIC, other works personnel will have keyrole to play in providing advice and in implementing thedecisions made by the chief incident controller.

The key personnel include: Engineer-in-charge responsible for

Operation Electrical, Mechanical, C&I maintenance each

Chemical IT

Head of HR and officers connected with IR and labourwelfare.

Head of Tech. Services

Head of Safety Chief medical officer. Commandant/ Dy.Commandant (CISF) Asst. Commandant (fire) Transport (auto base) engineer-in-charge

Key personnel

Responsibilities of Task Force Team


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Responsibilities of Task Force Team

To identify source of hazard and try to neutralize / contain it.

To isolate remaining plant and keep that in safecondition.

To organise safe shutdown of plant, if necessary. To organise all support services ie operation of

fire pumps, sprinkler system etc.

Responsibilities of Maintenance Team


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Responsibilities of Maintenance Team

Attend all emergency maintenance jobs on toppriority.

To take steps to contain or reduce the level of hazard created due to disaster.

To organise additional facilities as desired.

Responsibilities of Fire Fighting Team


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Responsibilities of Fire Fighting Team

In case of fire emergencies, fire team is responsible,

To rush to fire spot and extinguish fire.

To seek help from out side fire fighting agencies.

To evacuate persons affected due to what everreasons

Responsibilities of Communication Team


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Responsibilities of Communication Team

To maintain the communication network inworking condition

To attend urgent repairs in the communication

system if required. To arrange messengers for conveying urgent

messages when needed so.

Responsibilities of Security Team


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Responsibilities of Security Team

To man all gates.

To bar entry of unauthorised persons.

To permit with minimum delay the entry of authorised personnel and out side agencies, vehiclesetc, who have come for help

To allow the ambulance / evacuation vehicles etc.,

to go through the gates without normal checks.

Responsibilities of HR team


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Responsibilities of HR team

To rescue the causalities on priority basis. To transport casualties to first aid post, safe

places, or medical centres. To account the personnel. To pass information to the kith and kin of fatal or

serious injured persons.

Responsibilities of Safety team


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Responsibilities of Safety team

To arrange required safety equipment. To measure gas concentrations, in case of gas

leakage, at various places. To record accidents. To collect and preserve evidences in connection

with accident inquiries. To guide authorities on all safety related issues.

Responsibilities of medical team


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Responsibilities of medical team

To arrange first aid material / stretchersimmediately and reach to site of incident.

To arrange for immediate medical attention. To arrange for sending the casualties to various

hospitals and nursing homes.

Support team to CIC & WIC


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Support team to CIC & WIC

In addition to the teams already mentioned there

will be one additional team known as support team .

This team will assist CIC & WIC during anemergency. The responsibilities of the team

given below; Contacting statutory authorities. Arranging for relievers and catering facilities. Giving information to media.

Responsibilities Of Support Team


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Responsibilities Of Support Team

Arranging shelters for affected persons.

Contacting medical centres and nursing homes.

Providing all other support, as necessary. Arranging for urgently required materials through

cash purchase or whatever means.

Arranging funds for various relief measures asemergency purchase of materials.

Responsibilities of key personnel:


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Departmental heads: The departmental heads will provide assistance as

required by the works incident controller. They willdecide which members of their departments arerequired at the incident site.

Head of Tech. Services On knowing the major emergency, he will proceed

to the site and report to CIC. He will provide technical information as required to

CIC/WIC.Head of Safety :

On knowing the emergency, he will immediatelyreport to site and keep in touch with CIC He will make sure the all safety equipments are

made available to the emergency teams. Participate in rescue operations.

Maintain inventory of items in ECC.

p y p

Responsibilities of key personnel: Commandant (CISF):


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On knowing the emergency, he will Proceed to main entrance/main gate

Arrange to control the traffic at the gate and theincident area. Direct the security staff to the incident site to take part

in the emergency operations under his guidance andsupervision.

Arrange for rescue and evacuation of the people in theplant or in the nearby areas as advised by workincident controller after arranging the transportthrough transport in-charge.

Allow only those people who are associated withhandling emergency.

Maintain law and order in the area, if necessary seekthe help of police. Maintain communication with chief incident controller,

works incident controller.

Responsibilities of key personnel: Asst. Commandant (Fire)


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On knowing the emergency, he will

Reach the fire station and arrange to sound thealarm as per the type of emergency. Guide the fire fighting crew ie. Firemen and trained

plant personnel and shift the fire fighting facilitiesto the emergency site. Adequate facilities will be

made available. Take guidance of the Works Incident Controller forfire fighting as well as assessing the requirement of outside help.

Maintain communication with Works Incident

Controller, Chief Incident Controller and EmergencyCommunication Officer. Seek outside help from other near by Fire Stations.



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On knowing the emergency he will immediately report

to Works Incident Controller. During emergencysituations, all company vehicles and hired vehiclesshould be surrendered automatically and shall beunder the control of auto base in-charge to facilitateavailability of all vehicles with administration team.

The responsibilities of Auto Base In-charge are : Make all the auto base vehicles ready to proceed

for evacuation or other duties, when asked for. Make all arrangements regarding transportation.

TRANSPORT (AUTOBASE) ENGINEER-I/c



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The responsibilities of Auto Base In-charge are: [contd.]

To send at least one mechanic at the site of incidentwhere he may help in attending minor defects inambulance, fire tenders or other vehicles

To arrange Petrol /diesel supply List of all NTPC vehicles and hired vehicles with contact

telephone numbers to be made available in Auto Base. Addresses of NTPC drivers and hired vehicles to be

made available in Auto Base. Liaison to be developed by the Auto Base in-charge

with neighbouring travelling agencies, transportagencies etc.

Contact telephone numbers of private ambulanceagencies. The above arrangements helps the auto base in-charge

to contact immediately for requesting the servicesduring major emergencies without any time delay.

TRANSPORT (AUTOBASE) ENGINEER-I/c

Mock Drill


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Mock-drills are conducted to test theeffectiveness of action plan/ emergencypreparedness.

Periodicity of mock drill is at least once in everysix months.

Deficiencies found are to be recorded andcorrective actions are to be taken foreffectiveness of the plan.

Action Plan


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Action PlanEmergency siren ---------------------------------------------------------------

T y p e Duration--------------------------------------------------------------- In case of fire 5 seconds on

2 seconds off,3 times

Emergency siren for 20 seconds on,Heavy chlorine leak 10 seconds off,

5 times.

All clear signal Continuoussiren for 3 min,only once.

--------------------------------------------------------


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5. Disaster Management

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