5. Razon vs. Tagitis

8/9/2019 5. Razon vs. Tagitis

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Republic of the PhilippinesSUPREME COURT

Manila

EN BANC GEN. AVEL NO . RA!ON"#R." Chief" PhilippineNational Police $PNP%&Police Chief Supe'inten(ent RAULCASTA)E*A" Chief"C'i+inal n,esti-ation an(*etection G'oup $C *G%&Police Senio'Supe'inten(entLEONAR*O A. ESP NA"Chief" Police Anti C'i+ean( E+e'-enc/ Response$PACER%& an( GEN. #OELR. GOLT AO" Re-ional*i'ecto' of ARMM" PNP"

Petitioners,

- versus -

MAR0 #EAN B. TAG T S"he'ein 'ep'esente( b/ ATT0. 1EL PE P. ARC LLA" #R." Atto'ne/in 1act" Respondent.

G.R. No. 234563

Present: PUNO, C.J. ,CARPIO,CORONA,CARPIO MORALES,CHICO-NAZARIO,

VELASCO, R.,NACHURA,LEONAR!O-!E CAS"RO,#RION,PERAL"A,#ERSAMIN,!EL CAS"ILLO,

A#A!, $nd VILLARAMA, R., JJ .

Pro%u&'$ted: !e(e%)er *, +

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* E C S O N

BR ON" J .7

/e revie0 in t1is petition 2or revie0 on certiorari 345 t1e de(isiond$ted M$r(1 6, + 7 o2 t1e Court o2 Appe$&s 8 CA9 in C.A- .R. AMPARO No.

.3+5 "1is CA de(ision (on2ir%ed t1e en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(e o2 En'ineerMor(ed N. "$'itis 8 Tagitis 9 $nd 'r$nted t1e /rit o2 Amparo $t t1e petition o2 1is 0i2e, M$r; e$n #. "$'itis 8 respondent 9. "1e dispositive portion o2 t1eCA de(ision re$ds:

89ERE1ORE , pre%ises (onsidered, petition is 1ere); GRANTE* . "1eCourt 1ere); 1 N*S t1$t t1is is $n :enfo'ce( (isappea'ance; 0it1in t1e%e$nin' o2 t1e United N$tions instru%ents, $s used in t1e A%p$roRu&es. "1e p'i,ile-es o2 t1e 0rit o2 amparo $re 1ere); e tended to En'r.Mor(ed "$'itis. Conse


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dis(&osure= or t1ose 01o ($rr;, )ut 1$ve 2$i&ed to dis(1$r'e, t1e )urden o2 e tr$ordin$r; di&i'en(e in t1e investi'$tion o2 t1e en2or(eddis$ppe$r$n(e. In $&& t1ese ($ses, t1e issu$n(e o2 t1e /rit o2 Amparo is

usti2ied ); our pri%$r; 'o$& o2 $ddressin' t1e dis$ppe$r$n(e, so t1$t t1e &i2eo2 t1e vi(ti% is preserved $nd 1is &i)ert; $nd se(urit; $re restored.

/e 1i'1&i'1t t1is n$ture o2 $ /rit o2 Amparo ($se $t t1e outset to stresst1$t t1e uniunnon' returned 2ro% t1is err$nd, "$'itis 0$s no&on'er $round .3F5 "1e re(eptionist re&$ted t1$t "$'itis 0ent out to )u; 2ood $t$round 4+:* in t1e $2ternoon $nd even &e2t 1is roo% @e; 0it1 t1e [email protected] >unnon' &oo@ed 2or "$'itis $nd even sent $ te t %ess$'e to t1e &$tter sM$ni&$-)$sed se(ret$r; 01o did not @no0 o2 "$'itis 01ere$)outs $nd$(tivities eit1er= s1e $dvised >unnon' to si%p&; 0$it. 365

On Nove%)er D, + 6, >unnon' $nd Mu1$%%$d A)du&n$ eir N. M$t&i,$ UP pro2essor o2 Mus&i% studies $nd "$'itis 2e&&o0 student (ounse&or $t t1eI!#, reported "$'itis dis$ppe$r$n(e to t1e o&o Po&i(e St$tion. 375 OnNove%)er 6, + 6, >unnon' e e(uted $ s0orn $22id$vit $ttestin' to 01$t 1e@ne0 o2 t1e (ir(u%st$n(es surroundin' "$'itis dis$ppe$r$n(e. 3 5

More t1$n $ %ont1 &$ter 8on !e(e%)er +7, + 69, t1e respondent 2i&ed $Petition 2or t1e /rit o2 Amparo 8 petition 9 0it1 t1e CA t1rou'1 1er Attorne;-in-?$(t, Att;. ?e&ipe P. Ar(i&&$. 34 5 "1e petition 0$s dire(ted $'$inst Lt. en.

A&e $nder $no, Co%%$ndin' ener$&, P1i&ippine Ar%;= en. Ave&ino I.

R$ on, C1ie2, P1i&ippine N$tion$& Po&i(e 8 P$P 9= en. Ed'$rdo M. !oro%$&,C1ie2, Cri%in$& Investi'$tion $nd !etention roup 8 CI%( 9= Sr. Supt.

Leon$rdo A. Espin$, C1ie2, Po&i(e Anti-Cri%e $nd E%er'en(; Response= en.oe& o&ti$o, Re'ion$& !ire(tor, ARMM-PNP= $nd en. Ru)en R$2$e&, C1ie2,

Anti-"error "$s@ ?or(e Co%et 3(o&&e(tive&; re2erred to $s petitioners 5. A2terre(itin' "$'itis person$& (ir(u%st$n(es $nd t1e 2$(ts out&ined $)ove, t1epetition 0ent on to st$te:

6. Soon $2ter t1e student &e2t t1e roo%, En'r. "$'itis 0ent out o2 t1epension 1ouse to t$@e 1is e$r&; &un(1 )ut 01i&e out on t1e street, a couple of bu'l/ +en belie,e( to be police intelli-ence ope'ati,es" fo'cibl/ too> hi+ an( boa'(e( the latte' on a +oto' ,ehicle then spe(a?a/ 0it1out t1e @no0&ed'e o2 1is student, Arsi%in >unnon'=

7. As instru(ted, in t1e &$te $2ternoon o2 t1e s$%e d$;, >unnon'returned to t1e pension 1ouse, $nd 0$s surprised to 2ind out t1$t su) e(tEn'r. "$'itis ($nnot 3 sic5 )e (ont$(ted ); p1one $nd 0$s not $&so $round $nd1is roo% 0$s (&osed $nd &o(@ed=

. >unnon' reunnon' in(&udin' 1is 2riends $nd (o%p$nions in o&o,e erted e22orts in tr;in' to &o($te t1e 01ere$)outs o2 En'r. "$'itis $nd 01en1e reported t1e %$tter to t1e po&i(e $ut1orities in o&o, 1e 0$s i%%edi$te&; 'iven $ re$d; $ns0er t1$t En'r. "$'itis (ou&d 1$ve )een $)du(ted ); t1e A)uS$;;$2 'roup $nd ot1er 'roups @no0n to )e 2i'1tin' $'$inst t1e 'overn%ent=

4+. #ein' s($red 0it1 3si(5 t1ese su''estions $nd insinu$tions o2 t1epo&i(e o22i(ers, >unnon' reported t1e %$tter to t1e 3respondent, 0i2e o2 En'r."$'itis5 ); p1one $nd ot1er responsi)&e o22i(ers $nd (oordin$tors o2 t1e I!#S(1o&$rs1ip Pro'r$%%e in t1e P1i&ippines, 01o $&erted t1e o22i(e o2 t1e

overnor o2 ARMM 01o 0$s t1en prep$rin' to $ttend t1e OIC %eetin' inedd$1, S$udi Ar$)i$=

4*. 3Respondent5, on t1e ot1er 1$nd, $ppro$(1ed so%e o2 1er (o-

e%p&o;ees 0it1 t1e L$nd #$n@ in !i'os )r$n(1, !i'os Cit;, !$v$o de& Sur 01o &i@e0ise sou'1t 1e&p 2ro% so%e o2 t1eir 2riends in t1e %i&it$r; 01o (ou&d

1e&p t1e% 2ind &o($te t1e 01ere$)outs o2 1er 1us)$nd=

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4D. A&& o2 t1ese e22orts o2 t1e 3respondent5 did not produ(e $n; positive resu&ts e (ept t1e in2or%$tion 2ro% persons in t1e %i&it$r; 01o donot 0$nt to )e identi2ied t1$t En'r. "$'itis is in t1e 1$nds o2 t1e uni2or%ed%en=

4F. A((ordin' to re&i$)&e in2or%$tion re(eived ); t1e3respondent5, sub@ect En-'. Ta-itis is in the custo(/ of policeintelli-ence ope'ati,es" specificall/ ?ith the C *G" PNP!a+boan-a Cit/" bein- hel( a-ainst his ?ill in an ea'nest atte+ptof the police to in,ol,e an( connect En-'. Ta-itis ?ith the (iffe'entte''o'ist -'oups =

46. 3Respondent5 2i&ed 1er (o%p&$int 0it1 t1e PNP Po&i(e St$tion int1e ARMM in Coto)$to $nd in o&o, $s su''ested ); 1er 2riends, see@in' t1eir1e&p to 2ind 1er 1us)$nd, )ut 3respondent s5 re


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$ 2e0 d$;s 01en t1e s$id vi(ti% did not return t1$t t1e %$tter 0$s reportedto o&o MPS. A2ter0$rds, e&e%ents o2 Su&u PPO (ondu(ted $ t1orou'1investi'$tion to tr$(e $nd &o($te t1e 01ere$)outs o2 t1e s$id %issin' person,

)ut to no $v$i&. "1e s$id PPO is sti&& (ondu(tin' investi'$tion t1$t 0i&& &e$d tot1e i%%edi$te 2indin's o2 t1e 01ere$)outs o2 t1e person.

)9 Li@e0ise, t1e Re'ion$& C1ie2, RCI!U su)%itted $ Pro'ressReport to t1e !ire(tor, CI! . "1e s$id report st$ted $%on' ot1ers t1$t:su) e(t person $ttended $n Edu($tion !eve&op%ent Se%in$r set on O(to)er+7, + 6 (ondu(ted $t Ateneo de Z$%)o$n'$, Z$%)o$n'$ Cit; to'et1er 0it1$ Pro2. M$t&i. On O(to)er * , + 6, $t $round F: o (&o(@ in t1e %ornin',En'r. "$'itis reported&; $rrived $t o&o Su&u 01$r2 $)o$rd M V &ountyCruise , 1e 0$s t1en )i&&eted $t AS Pension House. At $)out G:4F o (&o(@ int1e %ornin' o2 t1e s$%e d$te, 1e instru(ted 1is student to pur(1$se $ 2$st(r$2t ti(@et )ound 2or Z$%)o$n'$ Cit; $nd 0i&& dep$rt 2ro% o&o, Su&u onO(to)er *4, + 6. "1$t on or $)out 4 : o (&o(@ in t1e %ornin', En'r."$'itis &e2t t1e pre%ises o2 AS Pension House $s st$ted ); t1e ($s1ier o2 t1es$id pension 1ouse. L$ter in t1e $2ternoon, t1e student instru(ted topur(1$se t1e ti(@et $rrived $t t1e pension 1ouse $nd 0$ited 2or En'r. "$'itis,

)ut t1e &$tter did not return. On its p$rt, t1e e&e%ents o2 RCI!U is no0 (ondu(tin' $ (ontinuous ($se )ui&d up $nd in2or%$tion '$t1erin' to &o($tet1e 01ere$)outs o2 En'r. "$'itis. (9 "1$t t1e !ire(tor, CI! dire(ted t1e (ondu(t o2 t1e se$r(1 in $&&divisions o2 t1e CI! to 2ind En'r. "$'itis 01o 0$s $&&e'ed&; $)du(ted ori&&e'$&&; det$ined ); (overt CI! -PNP Inte&&i'en(e Oper$tives sin(e O(to)er* , + 6, )ut $2ter di&i'ent $nd t1orou'1 se$r(1, re(ords s1o0 t1$t no su(1person is )ein' det$ined in CI! or $n; o2 its dep$rt%ent or divisions. F. On t1is p$rti(u&$r ($se, t1e P1i&ippine N$tion$& Po&i(e e 1$usted $&&possi)&e e22orts, steps $nd $(tions $v$i&$)&e under t1e (ir(u%st$n(es $nd(ontinuous&; se$r(1 $nd investi'$te 3 sic5 t1e inst$nt ($se. "1is i%%ense%$nd$te, 1o0ever, ne(essit$tes t1e indispens$)&e ro&e o2 t1e (iti enr;, $s t1ePNP ($nnot st$nd $&one 0 it1out t1e (ooper$tion o2 t1e vi(ti%s $nd 0itnessesto identi2; t1e perpetr$tors to )rin' t1e% )e2ore t1e )$r o2 usti(e $nd se(uret1eir (onvi(tion in (ourt.

"1e petitioner PNP-CI! C1ie2, en. Ed'$rdo M. !oro%$&, su)%itted$s 0e&& 1is $22id$vit, $&so $tt$(1ed to t1e Return o2 t1e /rit, $ttestin' t1$tupon re(eipt o2 t1e /rit o2 Amparo , 1e ($used t1e 2o&&o0in': 34D5

"1$t i%%edi$te&; upon re(eipt on !e(e%)er + , + 6 o2 t1e

Reso&ution o2 t1e Honor$)&e Spe(i$& ?ourt1 !ivision o2 t1e Court o2 Appe$&s,I i%%edi$te&; dire(ted t1e Investi'$tion !ivision o2 t1is roup 3CI! 5 to

(ondu(t ur'ent investi'$tion on t1e $&&e'ed en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(e o2 En'ineer Mor(ed "$'itis.

"1$t )$sed on re(ord, En'r. Mor(ed N. "$'itis $ttended $n Edu($tion

!eve&op%ent Se%in$r on O(to)er +7, + 6 $t Ateneo de Z$%)o$n'$ $tZ$%)o$n'$ Cit; to'et1er 0it1 Pro2. A)du&n$sser M$t&i. On O(to)er * , + 6,$t $round si o (&o(@ in t1e %ornin' 1e $rrived $t o&o, Su&u. He 0$s $ssisted ); 1is student identi2ied $s Arsi%in >unnon' o2 t1e Is&$%i( !eve&op%ent#$n@ 01o 0$s $&so one o2 t1e p$rti(ip$nts o2 t1e s$id se%in$r. He (1e(@ed in$t AS pension 1ouse &o($ted 3 sic5 >$@u;$'$n, P$ti@u&, Su&u on O(to)er * ,+ 6 0it1 3 sic5 unidenti2ied (o%p$nion. At $round si o (&o(@ in t1e%ornin' o2 even d$te, En'r. "$'itis instru(ted 1is student to pur(1$se $ 2$st(r$2t ti(@et 2or Z$%)o$n'$ Cit;. In t1e $2ternoon o2 t1e s$%e d$te, >unnon'$rrived $t t1e pension 1ouse ($rr;in' t1e ti(@et 1e pur(1$sed 2or En'r."$'itis, )ut t1e &$tter 0$s no01ere to )e 2ound $n;%ore. >unnon'i%%edi$te&; in2or%ed Pro2. A)du&n$sser M$t&i 01o reported t1e in(ident tot1e po&i(e. "1e CI! is not invo&ved in t1e dis$ppe$r$n(e o2 En'r. Mor(ed"$'itis to %$@e out $ ($se o2 $n en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(e 01i(1 presupposes $dire(t or indire(t invo&ve%ent o2 t1e 'overn%ent.

"1$t 1erein 3petitioner5 se$r(1ed $&& divisions $nd dep$rt%ents 2or $person n$%ed En'r. Mor(ed N. "$'itis, 01o 0$s $&&e'ed&; $)du(ted ori&&e'$&&; det$ined ); (overt CI! -PNP Inte&&i'en(e Oper$tives sin(e O(to)er* , + 6 $nd $2ter $ di&i'ent $nd t1orou'1 rese$r(1 re(ords s1o0 t1$t nosu(1 person is )ein' det$ined in CI! or $n; o2 its dep$rt%ent or divisions.

"1$t nevert1e&ess, in order to deter%ine t1e (ir(u%st$n(essurroundin' En'r. Mor(ed "$'itis 3 sic5 $&&e'ed en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(e, t1eundersi'ned 1$d undert$@en i%%edi$te investi'$tion $nd 0i&& pursueinvesti'$tions up to its 2u&& (o%p&etion in order to $id in t1e prose(ution o2 t1e person or persons responsi)&e t1ere2ore.

Li@e0ise $tt$(1ed to t1e Return o2 t1e /rit 0$s PNP-PACER 34F5 C1ie2 PSSupt. Leon$rdo A. Espin$ s $22id$vit 01i(1 $&&e'ed t1$t: 34G5

"1$t, I $nd our %en $nd 0o%en in PACER ve1e%ent&; den; $n; p$rti(ip$tion in t1e $&&e'ed $)du(tion or i&&e'$&&; 3 sic5 detention o2 EN R.MORCE! N. "A I"S on O(to)er * , + 6. As $ %$tter o2 2$(t, no01ere int1e 0rit 0$s %entioned t1$t t1e alleged $)du(tion 0$s perpetr$ted ); e&e%ents o2 PACER nor 0$s t1ere $n; indi($tion t1$t t1e $&&e'ed $)du(tionor i&&e'$& detention o2 EN R. "A I"IS 0$s undert$@en oint&; ); our %en$nd ); t1e alleged (overt CI! -PNP inte&&i'en(e oper$tives alleged to1$ve $)du(ted or i&&e'$&&; det$ined EN R. "A I"IS.

"1$t I 0$s s1o(@ed 01en I &e$rned t1$t I 0$s i%p&i($ted in t1e $&&e'ed

dis$ppe$r$n(e o2 EN R. MORCE! in %; ($p$(it; $s t1e (1ie2 PACER 3 sic5(onsiderin' t1$t our o22i(e, t1e Po&i(e Anti-Cri%e $nd E%er'en(; Response

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8PACER9, $ spe(i$& t$s@ 2or(e (re$ted 2or t1e purpose o2 neutr$&i in' orer$di($tin' @idn$p-2or-r$nso% 'roups 01i(1 unti& no0 (ontinue to )e one o2 t1e %en$(e o2 our so(iet; is $ respondent in @idn$ppin' or i&&e'$& detention($se. Si%p&; put, our t$s@ is to 'o $2ter @idn$ppers $nd (1$r'e t1e% in (ourt$nd to $)du(t or i&&e'$&&; det$in or @idn$p $n;one is $n$t1e%$ to our%ission.

"1$t ri'1t $2ter I &e$rned o2 t1e re(eipt o2 t1e /RI" O? AMPARO, Idire(ted t1e C1ie2 o2 PACER Mind$n$o Orient$& 8PACER-MOR9 to (ondu(tpro-$(tive %e$sures to investi'$te, &o($te se$r(1 t1e su) e(t, identi2; $nd$ppre1end t1e persons responsi)&e, to re(over $nd preserve eviden(e re&$tedto t1e dis$ppe$r$n(e o2 EN R. MORCE! "A I"IS, 01i(1 %$; $id in t1eprose(ution o2 t1e person or persons responsi)&e, to identi2; 0itnesses $ndo)t$in st$te%ents 2ro% t1e% (on(ernin' t1e dis$ppe$r$n(e $nd to deter%inet1e ($use, %$nner, &o($tion $nd ti%e o2 dis$ppe$r$n(e $s 0e&& $s $n; p$tternor pr$(ti(e t1$t %$; 1$ve )rou'1t $)out t1e dis$ppe$r$n(e.

"1$t I 2urt1er dire(ted t1e (1ie2 o2 PACER-MOR, Po&i(eSuperintendent OSE ARNAL!O #RIONES R., to su)%it $ 0ritten reportre'$rdin' t1e dis$ppe$r$n(e o2 EN R. MORCE!.

"1$t in (o%p&i$n(e 0it1 %; dire(tive, t1e (1ie2 o2 PACER-MOR sentt1rou'1 2$ 1is 0ritten report.

"1$t t1e investi'$tion $nd %e$sures )ein' undert$@en to&o($te se$r(1 t1e su) e(t in (oordin$tion 0it1 Po&i(e Re'ion$& O22i(e,

Autono%ous Re'ion o2 Mus&i% Mind$n$o 8PRO-ARMM9 $nd o&o Po&i(eProvin(i$& O22i(e 8PPO9 $nd ot1er A?P $nd PNP units $'en(ies in t1e $re$$re on'oin' 0it1 t1e instru(tion not to &e$ve $n; stone unturned so to spe$@ in t1e investi'$tion unti& t1e perpetr$tors in t1e inst$nt ($se $re )rou'1t tot1e )$r o2 usti(e.

"1$t I 1$ve e er(ised EK"RAOR!INAR !ILI ENCE in de$&in' 0it1t1e /RI" O? AMPARO ust issued.

?in$&&;, t1e PNP PRO ARMM Re'ion$& !ire(tor PC Supt. oe& R.o&ti$o 8(en. (o tiao 9, $&so su)%itted 1is $22id$vit det$i&in' t1e $(tions t1$t

1e 1$d t$@en upon re(eipt o2 t1e report on "$'itis dis$ppe$r$n(e, vi) :3465

*9 ?or t1e re(ord: 4. I $% t1e Re'ion$& !ire(tor o2 Po&i(e Re'ion$& O22i(e ARMM no0

$nd durin' t1e ti%e o2 t1e in(ident=

D. It is %; dut; to &oo@ into $nd t$@e $ppropri$te %e$sures on $n; ($seso2 reported en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(es $nd 01en t1e; $re )ein' $&&uded to %; o22i(e=

F. On Nove%)er F, + 6, t1e Provin(i$& !ire(tor o2 Su&u Po&i(eProvin(i$& O22i(e reported to %e t1rou'1 R$dio Mess$'e Cite No. SPNP*-44 F- 6-+ 6 t1$t on Nove%)er D, + 6 $t $round *:* p.%., $ (ert$in A)du&n$sser M$t&i, $n e%p&o;ee o2 Is&$%i( !eve&op%ent #$n@, $ppe$red )e2ore t1e O22i(e o2 t1e C1ie2 o2 Po&i(e, o&o Po&i(e St$tion, $nd reported t1edis$ppe$r$n(e o2 En'r. Mor(ed "$'itis, s(1o&$rs1ip (oordin$tor o2 Is&$%i(!eve&op%ent #$n@, M$ni&$=

G. "1ere 0$s no report t1$t En'r. "$'i)is 0$s &$st seen in t1e(o%p$n; o2 or t$@en ); $n; %e%)er o2 t1e P1i&ippine N$tion$& Po&i(e )utr$t1er 1e ust dis$ppe$red 2ro% AS Pension House situ$ted $t >$@u;$'$n Vi&&$'e, Vi&&$'e, P$ti@u&, Su&u, on O(to)er * , + 6, 0it1out $n; tr$(e o2 2or(i)&e $)du(tion or $rrest=

6. "1e &$st @no0n inst$n(e o2 (o%%uni($tion 0it1 1i% 0$s 01en Arsi%in >unnon', $ student s(1o&$r, 0$s re


6/27

)9 R$dio Mess$'e Cite No. RI!M!-44+7- 6-*G4 d$ted Nove%)er +7, + 6dire(tin' P! Su&u PPO to e pedite (o%p&i$n(e to %; previous dire(tive= (9 Me%or$ndu% d$ted !e(e%)er 4D, + 6 $ddressed to P! Su&u PPOreiter$tin' our series o2 dire(tives 2or investi'$tion $nd dire(tin' 1i% toundert$@e e 1$ustive (oordin$tion e22orts 0it1 t1e o0ner o2 AS PensionHouse $nd student s(1o&$rs o2 I!# in order to se(ure (orro)or$tivest$te%ents re'$rdin' t1e dis$ppe$r$n(e $nd 01ere$)outs o2 s$id person$⁢= d9 Me%or$ndu% d$ted !e(e%)er +D, + 6 $ddressed to P! Su&u PPOdire(tin' 1i% to %$ i%i e e22orts to est$)&is1 (&ues on t1e 01ere$)outs o2 En'r. "$'itis ); see@in' t1e (ooper$tion o2 Pro2. A)du&n$sser M$t&i $nd

Arsi%in >unnon' $nd or 01enever ne(ess$r;, 2or t1e% to vo&unt$ri&; su)%it2or po&;'r$p1 e $%in$tion 0it1 t1e N#I so $s to e pun'e $&& (&ouds o2 dou)tt1$t t1e; %$; so%e1o0 1$ve @no0&ed'e or ide$ to 1is dis$ppe$r$n(e= e9 Me%or$ndu% d$ted !e(e%)er +6, + 6 $ddressed to t1e Re'ion$&C1ie2, Cri%in$& Investi'$tion $nd !ete(tion roup, Po&i(e Re'ion$& O22i(e ,Z$%)o$n'$ Cit;, re


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o2 t1eir detention (e&&s. 3+D5 PS Supt. A iri% st$ted t1$t t1e CI! , 01i&e1e&pin' "AS> ?ORCE "A I"IS investi'$te t1e dis$ppe$r$n(e o2 "$'itis,persistent&; denied $n; @no0&ed'e or (o%p&i(it; in $n; $)du(tion. 3+F5 He2urt1er testi2ied t1$t prior to t1e 1e$rin', 1e 1$d $&re$d; %o)i&i ed $nd 'ivenspe(i2i( instru(tions to t1eir supportin' units to per2or% t1eir respe(tivet$s@s= t1$t t1e; even t$&@ed to, )ut 2$i&ed to 'et $n; &e$d 2ro% t1e respondentin o&o.3+G5 In 1is su)%itted investi'$tion report d$ted $nu$r; 4G, + 7, PSSupt. A iri% (on(&uded: 3+65

. &e$ned 2ro% t1e undersi'ned inspe(tion $nd o)serv$tion $tt1e He$dASIM 0$s desi'n$ted $s Co&. A1iro% A iri% s rep&$(e%ent in t1e &$tter s o22i(i$& desi'n$ted post. et, P Supt>ASIM s su)poen$ 0$s returned to t1is Court unserved. Sin(e t1is Court 0$s%$de to underst$nd t1$t it 0$s P Supt >ASIM 01o 0$s t1e petitioner suno22i(i$& sour(e o2 t1e %i&it$r; inte&&i'en(e in2or%$tion t1$t En'r. Mor(ed"$'itis 0$s $)du(ted ); )$d e&e%ents o2 t1e CI! 8p$r. 4F o2 t1e Petition9,t1e (&ose (ont$(t )et0een P Supt >ASIM $nd Co&. A1iro% A iri% o2 "AS> ?ORCE "A I"IS s1ou&d 1$ve ensured t1e $ppe$r$n(e o2 Co&. >ASIM inresponse to t1is (ourt s su)poen$ $nd COL. >ASIM (ou&d 1$ve (on2ir%ed t1e%i&it$r; inte&&i'en(e in2or%$tion t1$t )$d e&e%ents o2 t1e CI! 1$d$)du(ted En'r. Mor(ed "$'itis. Testimonies for the Respondent

On $nu$r; 6, + 7, t1e respondent, M$r; e$n #. "$'itis, testi2ied ondire(t e $%in$tion t1$t s1e 0ent to o&o $nd Z$%)o$n'$ in 1er e22orts to&o($te 1er 1us)$nd. S1e s$id t1$t $ 2riend 2ro% Z$%)o$n'$ 1o&din' $ 1i'1position in t1e %i&it$r; 801o% s1e did not t1en identi2;9 '$ve 1erin2or%$tion t1$t $&&o0ed 1er to spe(i2; 1er $&&e'$tions, p$rti(u&$r&; p$r$'r$p1 4F o2 t1e petition. 3+ 5 "1is 2riend $&so to&d 1er t1$t 1er 1us)$nd

30$s5 in 'ood 1$nds. 3* 5 "1e respondent $&so testi2ied t1$t s1e sou'1t t1e$ssist$n(e o2 1er 2or%er )oss in !$v$o Cit;, L$nd #$n@ #$ $d$ #r$n(1M$n$'er Rud; S$&v$dor, 01o to&d 1er t1$t PNP CI! is 1o&din' 31er1us)$nd5, En'ineer Mor(ed "$'itis. 3*45 "1e respondent re(ounted t1$t s1e 0ent to C$%p >$titip$n in !$v$o Cit; 01ere s1e %et Co&. u&$siri% A1$din>$si% 8 Co . 'asim/*r. *upt 'asim 9 01o re$d to 1er $nd 1er 2riends 801o 0ere t1en 0it1 1er9 $ 1i'1&; (on2identi$& report t1$t (ont$ined t1e $&&e'ed$(tivities o2 En'ineer "$'itis $nd in2or%ed 1er t1$t 1er 1us)$nd 0$s

$)du(ted )e($use 1e is under (ustodi$& investi'$tion 2or )ein' $ &i$ison 2or.I. or e%$ $1 Is&$%i$1. 3*+5

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On $nu$r; 46, + 7, t1e respondent on (ross-e $%in$tion testi2ied t1$t

s1e is "$'itis se(ond 0i2e, $nd t1e; 1$ve )een %$rried 2or t1irteen ;e$rs="$'itis 0$s divor(ed 2ro% 1is 2irst 0i2e. 3**5 S1e &$st (o%%uni($ted 0it1 1er1us)$nd on O(to)er + , + 6 $t $round 6:*4 p.%. t1rou'1 te t %ess$'in'="$'itis 0$s t1en on 1is 0$; to o&o, Su&u, 2ro% Z$%)o$n'$ Cit;. 3*D5

"1e respondent n$rr$ted t1$t s1e &e$rned o2 1er 1us)$nd sdis$ppe$r$n(e on O(to)er * , + 6 01en 1er stepd$u'1ter, Z$;n$1 "$'itis8 0aynah 9, in2or%ed 1er t1$t s1e 1$d not 1e$rd 2ro% 1er 2$t1er sin(e t1e ti%et1e; $rr$n'ed to %eet in M$ni&$ on O(to)er *4, + 6. 3*F5 "1e respondente p&$ined t1$t it too@ 1er $ 2e0 d$;s 8or on Nove%)er F, + 69 to person$&&; $s@ >unnon' to report 1er 1us)$nd s dis$ppe$r$n(e to t1e o&o Po&i(eSt$tion, sin(e s1e 1$d t1e i%pression t1$t 1er 1us)$nd (ou&d not(o%%uni($te 0it1 1er )e($use 1is (e&&u&$r p1one s )$tter; did not 1$veenou'1 po0er, $nd t1$t 1e 0ou&d ($&& 1er 01en 1e 1$d 2u&&;-(1$r'ed 1is(e&&u&$r p1one s )$tter;.3*G5

"1e respondent $&so identi2ied t1e 1i'1-r$n@in' %i&it$r; 2riend, 01o'$ve 1er t1e in2or%$tion 2ound in p$r$'r$p1 4F o2 1er petition, $s Lt. Co&.Pedro L. An($n$n, r 8 Co . Ancanan 9. S1e %et 1i% in C$%p >$rin'$&,Z$%)o$n'$ t1rou'1 1er )oss .3*65 S1e $&so testi2ied t1$t s1e 0$s 0it1 t1reeot1er peop&e, n$%e&;, Mrs. M$r;de& M$rtin "$&)in $nd 1er t0o 2riends 2ro%M$ti Cit;, !$v$o Orient$&, 01en Co&. >$si% re$d to t1e% t1e (ontents o2 t1e

1i'1&; (on2identi$& report $t C$%p >$titip$n, !$v$o Cit;. "1e respondent2urt1er n$rr$ted t1$t t1e report indi($ted t1$t 1er 1us)$nd %et 0it1 peop&e

)e&on'in' to $ terrorist 'roup $nd t1$t 1e 0$s under (ustodi$&investi'$tion. S1e t1en to&d Co&. >$si% t1$t 1er 1us)$nd 0$s $ di$)eti(t$@in' %$inten$n(e %edi($tion, $nd $s@ed t1$t t1e Co&one& re&$; to t1epersons 1o&din' 1i% t1e need to 'ive 1i% 1is %edi($tion .3*75

On ?e)ru$r; 44, + 7, "AS> ?ORCE "A I"IS su)%itted t0o n$rr$tivereports ,3* 5 si'ned ); t1e respondent, det$i&in' 1er e22orts to &o($te 1er

1us)$nd 01i(1 &ed to 1er %eetin's 0it1 Co&. An($n$n o2 t1e P1i&ippine Ar%; $nd Co&. >$si% o2 t1e PNP. In 1er n$rr$tive report (on(ernin' 1er%eetin' 0it1 Co&. An($n$n, t1e respondent re(ounted, vi) :3D 5

On Nove%)er 44, + 6, 0e 0ent to Z$%)o$n'$ Cit; 0it1 %; 2riend Mrs.M$r;de& "$&)in. Our 2&i'1t 2ro% !$v$o Cit; is : o (&o(@ in t1e %ornin'=

0e $rrived $t Z$%)o$n'$ Airport $t $round 4 : o (&o(@. /e 30ere5 2et(1ed ); t1e t0o st$22s o2 Co&. An($n$n. /e i%%edi$te&; pro(eed 3 sic5 to /estMind$n$o Co%%$nd 8/ES"MINCOM9.

On t1$t s$%e d$;, 0e 1$d priv$te (onvers$tion 0it1 Co&. An($n$n. Heintervie0ed %e $nd 'ot in2or%$tion $)out t1e person$& )$(@'round o2 En'r.

Mor(ed N. "$'itis. A2ter 1e '$t1ered $&& in2or%$tion, 1e reve$&ed to us t1e(ontents o2 te t %ess$'es t1e; 'ot 2ro% t1e (e&&u&$r p1one o2 t1e su) e(t

En'r. "$'itis. One o2 t1e ver; i%port$nt te t %ess$'es o2 En'r. "$'itis sentto 1is d$u'1ter Z$;n$1 "$'itis 0$s t1$t s1e 0$s not $&&o0ed to $ns0er $n; te&ep1one ($&&s in 1is (ondo%iniu% unit.

/1i&e 0e 0ere t1ere 1e did not te&& us $n; in2or%$tion o2 t1e 01ere$)outs o2 En'r. "$'itis. A2ter t1e s$id %eetin' 0it1 Co&. An($n$n, 1etre$ted us $s 'uests to t1e (it;. His t0o st$22s $((o%p$nied us to t1e %$&& topur(1$se our p&$ne ti(@et 'oin' )$(@ to !$v$o Cit; on Nove%)er 4+, + 6.

/1en 0e $rrived in !$v$o Cit; on Nove%)er 4+, + 6 $t : in t1e%ornin', Co&. An($n$n $nd I 0ere dis(ussin' so%e points t1rou'1 p1one($&&s. He $ssured %e t1$t %; 1us)$nd is $&ive $nd 1e s &$st &oo@ed 3sic5 in"$&ip$p$o, o&o, Su&u. et I did not )e&ieve 1is 'iven st$te%ents o2 t1e 01ere$)outs o2 %; 1us)$nd, )e($use I (ont$(ted so%e o2 %; 2riends 01o1$ve $((ess to t1e 'roups o2 MIL?, MNL? $nd AS . I ($&&ed up Co&. An($n$nsever$& ti%es )e''in' to te&& %e t1e e $(t &o($tion o2 %; 1us)$nd $nd 01o1e&d 1i% )ut 1e re2used.

/1i&e I 0$s in o&o, Su&u on Nove%)er * , + 6, I ($&&ed 1i% up $'$in )e($use t1e PNP, o&o did not 'ive %e $n; in2or%$tion o2 t1e 01ere$)outs o2 %; 1us)$nd. Co&. An($n$n to&d %e t1$t S$n$ n'$;on $&$% %o n$ @un' s$$n$n' @in$&$&$';$n n' $s$0$ %o. /1en I 0$s in Z$%)o$n'$, I 0$s t1in@in' o2 droppin' ); t1e o22i(e o2 Co&. An($n$n, )ut I 0$s 1esit$nt to p$; 1i% $ visit2or t1e re$son t1$t t1e C1ie2 o2 Po&i(e o2 o&o to&d %e not to (ont$(t $n; A?Po22i(i$&s $nd 1e pro%ised %e t1$t 1e ($n so&ve t1e ($se o2 %; 1us)$nd 8En'r."$'itis9 0it1in nine d$;s.

I $ppre(i$te t1e e22ort o2 Co&. An($n$n on tr;in' to so&ve t1e ($se o2 %; 1us)$nd En'r. Mor(ed "$'itis, ;et 2$i&ed to do so.

"1e respondent $&so n$rr$ted 1er en(ounter 0it1 Co&. >$si%, $s 2o&&o0s:3D45

On Nove%)er 6, + 6, I 0ent to L$nd #$n@ o2 t1e P1i&ippines, #$ $d$

#r$n(1, !$v$o Cit; to %eet Mr. Rud; S$&v$dor. I to&d 1i% t1$t %; 1us)$nd,En'ineer Mor(ed "$'itis 0$s presu%ed to )e $)du(ted in o&o, Su&u onO(to)er * , + 6. I $s@ed 1i% $ 2$vor to (ont$(t 1is (onne(tions in t1e%i&it$r; in o&o, Su&u 01ere t1e $)du(tion o2 En'r. "$'itis too@ p&$(e. Mr.S$&v$dor i%%edi$te&; ($&&ed up C$%p >$titip$n &o($ted in !$v$o Cit; &oo@in' 2or 1i'1-r$n@in' o22i(i$& 01o ($n 1e&p %e '$t1er re&i$)&e in2or%$tion )e1ind t1e $)du(tion o2 su) e(t En'ineer "$'itis.

On t1$t s$%e d$;, Mr. S$&v$dor $nd %; 2riend, Ann$ Mendo $,E e(utive Se(ret$r;, $((o%p$nied %e to C$%p >$titip$n to %eet Co&.>$si%. Mr. S$&v$dor introdu(ed %e to Co&. >$si% $nd 0e 1$d $ s1ort(onvers$tion. And 1e $ssured %e t1$t 1e && do t1e )est 1e ($n to 1e&p %e 2ind

%; 1us)$nd.

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A2ter $ 2e0 0ee@s, Mr. S$&v$dor ($&&ed %e up in2or%in' %e upin2or%in' %e t1$t I $% to 'o to C$%p >$titip$n to %eet Co&. >$si% 2or 1e1$s $n ur'ent, (on2identi$& in2or%$tion to reve$&.

On Nove%)er +D, + 6, 0e 0ent )$(@ to C$%p >$titip$n 0it1 %; t1ree 2riends. "1$t 0$s t1e ti%e t1$t Co&. >$si% re$d to us t1e (on2identi$&report t1$t En'r. "$'itis 0$s $&&e'ed&; (onne(ted 30it15 di22erent terrorist3'roups5, one o2 01i(1 1e %entioned in t1e report 0$s OMAR PA"I> $nd $(ert$in SAN"OS - $ #$&i@ Is&$%.

It is $&so s$id t1$t En'r. "$'itis is ($rr;in' )o es o2 %edi(ines 2or t1ein ured terrorists $s $ supp&ier. "1ese $re t1e t0o in2or%$tion t1$t I ($n sti&&re%e%)er. It 0$s 0ritten in $ &on' )ond p$per 0it1 PNP Letter1e$d. It 0$snot s1o0n to us, ;et Co&. >$si% 0$s t1e one 01o re$d it 2or us.

He $s@ed $ 2$vor to %e t1$t P&e$se don t $si%.

On ?e)ru$r; 44, + 7, t1e respondent presented Mrs. M$r;de& M$rtin"$&)in 8 Mrs. Ta bin 9 to (orro)or$te 1er testi%on; re'$rdin' 1er e22orts to&o($te 1er 1us)$nd, in re&$tion p$rti(u&$r&; 0it1 t1e in2or%$tion s1e re(eived2ro% Co&. >$si%. Mrs. "$&)in testi2ied t1$t s1e 0$s 0it1 t1e respondent

01en s1e 0ent to Z$%)o$n'$ to see Co&. An($n$n, $nd to !$v$o Cit; $tC$%p >$titip$n to %eet Co&. >$si%. 3D+5

In Z$%)o$n'$, Mrs. "$&)in re(ounted t1$t t1e; %et 0it1 Co&. An($n$n, 01o to&d t1e% t1$t t1ere 0$s $ report $nd t1$t 1e s1o0ed t1e% $ series o2

te t %ess$'es 2ro% "$'itis (e&&u&$r p1one, 01i(1 s1o0ed t1$t "$'itis $nd 1isd$u'1ter 0ou&d %eet in M$ni&$ on O(to)er * , + 6. 3D*5

S1e 2urt1er n$rr$ted t1$t so%eti%e on Nove%)er +D, + 6, s1e 0ent 0it1 t1e respondent to'et1er 0it1 t0o ot1er (o%p$nions, n$%e&;, S$&v$(ionSerr$no $nd Mini Leon', to C$%p >$titip$n to t$&@ to Co&. >$si%. 3DD5 "1erespondent $s@ed Co&. >$si% i2 1e @ne0 t1e e $(t &o($tion o2 En'r."$'itis. Co&. >$si% to&d t1e% t1$t "$'itis 0$s in 'ood 1$nds, $&t1ou'1 1e

0$s not (ert$in 01et1er 1e 0$s 0it1 t1e PNP or 0it1 t1e Ar%ed ?or(es o2 t1eP1i&ippines 8 A P 9. S1e 2urt1er re(ounted t1$t )$sed on t1e report Co&. >$si%re$d in t1eir presen(e, "$'itis 0$s under (ustodi$& investi'$tion )e($use 1e

0$s )ein' (1$r'ed 0it1 terroris%= "$'itis in 2$(t 1$d )een under survei&&$n(e

sin(e $nu$r; + 6 up to t1e ti%e 1e 0$s $)du(ted 01en 1e 0$s seen t$&@in'to O%$r P$ti@ $nd $ (ert$in S$ntos o2 #u&$($n, $ #$&i@ Is&$% (1$r'ed 0it1

terroris%. Co&. >$si% $&so to&d t1e% t1$t 1e (ou&d not 'ive $ (op; o2 t1ereport )e($use it 0$s $ r$0 report. 3DF5 S1e $&so re&$ted t1$t t1e Co&. >$si%did not te&& t1e% e $(t&; 01ere "$'itis 0$s )ein' @ept, $&t1ou'1 1e%entioned "$&ip$p$o, Su&u .Pro2., a abas din yan . 3F 5 Pro2. M$t&i $&so e%p1$si ed t1$tdespite 01$t 1is $nu$r; D, + 7 $22id$vit indi($ted, 3F45 1e never to&d PS Supt.Pin'$;, or %$de $n; $((us$tion, t1$t "$'itis too@ $0$; %one; entrusted to1i%. 3F+5 Pro2. M$t&i (on2ir%ed, 1o0ever, t1$t t1$t 1e 1$d re(eived $n e-%$i&report 3F*5 2ro% Nur$;$ L$(@i$n o2 t1e O22i(e o2 Mus&i% A22$irs in M$ni&$ t1$tt1e I!# 0$s see@in' $ssist$n(e o2 t1e o22i(e in &o($tin' t1e 2unds o2 I!#s(1o&$rs deposited in "$'itis person$& $((ount. 3FD5

On (ross-e $%in$tion ); t1e respondent s (ounse&, Pro2. M$t&i testi2iedt1$t 1is $nu$r; D, + 7 $22id$vit 0$s $&re$d; prep$red 01en PS Supt.Pin'$; $s@ed 1i% to si'n it. 3FF5 Pro2 M$t&i (&$ri2ied t1$t $&t1ou'1 1e re$d t1e$22id$vit )e2ore si'nin' it, 1e 0$s not so %u(1 $0$re o2 3its5 (ontents. 3FG5

On ?e)ru$r; 44, + 7, t1e petitioners presented Co&. >$si% to re)ut%$teri$& portions o2 t1e respondent s testi%on;, p$rti(u&$r&; t1e $&&e'$tiont1$t 1e 1$d st$ted t1$t "$'itis 0$s in t1e (ustod; o2 eit1er t1e %i&it$r; or t1ePNP .3F65 Co&. >$si% ($te'ori($&&; denied t1e st$te%ents %$de ); t1erespondent in 1er n$rr$tive report, spe(i2i($&&;: 849 t1$t "$'itis 0$s seen($rr;in' )o es o2 %edi(ines $s supp&ier 2or t1e in ured terrorists= 8+9 t1$t"$'itis 0$s under t1e (ustod; o2 t1e %i&it$r;, since he +e'el/ sai( to the'espon(ent that :/ou' husban( is in -oo( han(s; an( is :p'obabl/ ta>en ca'e( of b/ his a '+e( ab(ucto's&; $nd 8*9 t1$t "$'itis 0$s under(ustodi$& investi'$tion ); t1e %i&it$r;, t1e PNP or t1e CI! Z$%)o$n'$ Cit;.3F75 Co&. >$si% e%p1$si ed t1$t t1e in2or%$& &etter 1e re(eived 2ro% 1isin2or%$nt in Su&u did not indi($te t1$t "$'itis 0$s in t1e (ustod; o2 t1eCI! . 3F 5 He $&so stressed t1$t the in"ormation he provided to therespondent 1as mere y a 2ra1 report3 sourced "rom 2barangayinte igence3 t1$t sti&& needed (on2ir%$tion $nd 2o&&o0-up $s to its ver$(it;.3G 5

On (ross-e $%in$tion, Co&. >$si% testi2ied t1$t t1e in2or%$tion 1e '$vet1e respondent 0$s 'iven to 1i% ); 1is in2or%$nt, 01o 0$s $ (ivi&i$n $sset,t1rou'1 $ &etter 01i(1 1e (onsidered $s uno22i(i$&. 3G45 Co&. >$si% stressedt1$t t1e &etter 0$s on&; %e$nt 2or 1is (onsu%ption $nd not 2or re$din' ); ot1ers .3G+5 4e testi"ied "urther that he destroyed the etter right a"ter he read it to the respondent and her companions because 2it 1as not important tohim3 and a so because the in"ormation it contained had no importance inre ation 1ith the abduction o" Tagitis. 3G*5 He e p&$ined t1$t 1e did not @eept1e &etter )e($use it did not (ont$in $n; in2or%$tion re'$rdin' t1e 01ere$)outs o2 "$'itis $nd t1e person8s9 responsi)&e 2or 1is $)du(tion. 3GD5

In t1e s$%e 1e$rin' on ?e)ru$r; 44, + 7, t1e petitioners $&so presented

Po&i(e Senior Superintendent ose Vo&p$ne P$nte 8 Co . Pante 9, C1ie2 o2 t1eCI! - , to disprove t1e respondent s $&&e'$tion t1$t "$'itis 0$s in t1e

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(ustod; o2 CI! -Z$%)o$n'$ Cit;. 3GF5 Co&. P$nte (&$ri2ied t1$t t1e CI! 0$st1e investi'$tive $r% o2 t1e PNP, $nd t1$t t1e CI! investi'$tes $ndprose(utes $&& ($ses invo&vin' vio&$tions in t1e Revised Pen$& Codep$rti(u&$r&; t1ose (onsidered $s 1einous (ri%es. 3GG5 Co&. P$nte 2urt1ertesti2ied t1$t t1e $&&e'$tion t1$t RCI!U personne& 0ere invo&ved in t1edis$ppe$r$n(e o2 "$'itis 0$s )$se&ess, sin(e t1e; did not (ondu(t $n; oper$tion in o&o, Su&u )e2ore or $2ter "$'itis reported dis$ppe$r$n(e.3G65 Co&. P$nte $dded t1$t t1e 2our 8D9 personne& $ssi'ned to t1e Su&u CI!"1$d no ($p$)i⁢ to (ondu(t $n; oper$tion, sin(e t1e; 0ere on&; $ssi'nedto investi'$te %$tters $nd to %onitor t1e terroris% situ$tion. 3G75 He deniedt1$t 1is o22i(e (ondu(ted $n; survei&&$n(e on "$'itis prior to t1e &$tter sdis$ppe$r$n(e .3G 5 Co&. P$nte 2urt1er testi2ied t1$t 1is investi'$tion o2 "$'itisdis$ppe$r$n(e 0$s unsu((ess2u&= t1e investi'$tion 0$s sti&& 2$(in' $ )&$n@

0$&& on t1e 01ere$)outs o2 "$'itis .36 5 T9E CA RUL NG

On M$r(1 6, + 7, t1e CA issued its de(ision 3645 (on2ir%in' t1$t t1edis$ppe$r$n(e o2 "$'itis 0$s $n en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(e under t1e UnitedN$tions 8 5$ 9 !e(&$r$tion on t1e Prote(tion o2 A&& Persons 2ro% En2or(ed!is$ppe$r$n(es .36+5 "1e CA ru&ed t1$t 01en %i&it$r; inte&&i'en(e pinpointedt1e investi'$tive $r% o2 t1e PNP 8CI! 9 to )e invo&ved in t1e $)du(tion, t1e%issin'-person ($se $si% s $sset, pointin' to t1e CI! s invo&ve%ent in "$'itis$)du(tion. "1e CA 1e&d t1$t r$0 reports 2ro% $n $sset ($rried 're$t

0ei'1t in t1e inte&&i'en(e 0or&d. It $&so &$)e&ed $s suspe(t Co&. >$si% ssu)se ?ORCE "A I"IS 1e$ds en. oe&

o&ti$o $nd Co&. A1iron A iri%, $nd PACER C1ie2 Sr. Supt. Leon$rdo A.Espin$ to e ert e tr$ordin$r; di&i'en(e $nd e22orts to prote(t t1e &i2e, &i)ert; $nd se(urit; o2 "$'itis, 0it1 t1e o)&i'$tion to provide %ont1&; reports o2 t1eir$(tions to t1e CA. At t1e s$%e ti%e, t1e CA dis%issed t1e petition $'$instt1e t1en respondents 2ro% t1e %i&it$r;, Lt. en A&e $nder $no $nd en.Ru)en R$2$e&, )$sed on t1e 2indin' t1$t it 0$s PNP-CI! , not t1e %i&it$r;,t1$t 0$s invo&ved.

On M$r(1 *4, + 7, t1e petitioners %oved to re(onsider t1e CA de(ision, )ut t1e CA denied t1e %otion in its Reso&ution o2 Apri& , + 7. 36*5 T9E PET T ON

In t1is Ru&e DF $ppe$&


11/27

D9 i%p&e$d t1e %e%)ers o2 CI! re'ion$& o22i(e in Z$%)o$n'$ $&&e'ed to1$ve (ustod; over 1er 1us)$nd=F9 $tt$(1 t1e $22id$vits o2 0itnesses to support 1er $((us$tions=G9 $&&e'e $n; $(tion or in$(tion $ttri)ut$)&e to t1e petitioners in t1eper2or%$n(e o2 t1eir duties in t1e investi'$tion o2 "$'itis dis$ppe$r$n(e= $nd69 spe(i2; 01$t &e'$&&; $v$i&$)&e e22orts s1e too@ to deter%ine t1e 2$te or

01ere$)outs o2 1er 1us)$nd.

A petition 2or t1e /rit o2 Amparo s1$&& )e si'ned $nd veri2ied $nd s1$&&$&&e'e, $%on' ot1ers 8in ter%s o2 t1e portions t1e petitioners (ite9: 36F5 $c% The 'i-ht to life" libe't/ an( secu'it/ of the a--'ie,e( pa't/ ,iolate( o' th'eatene( ?ith ,iolation b/ an unla?ful act o'o+ission of the 'espon(ent" an( ho? such th'eat o' ,iolation isco++itte( ?ith the atten(ant ci'cu+stances (etaile( insuppo'tin- affi(a,its = $(% The in,esti-ation con(ucte(" if an/" specif/in- the na+es"pe'sonal ci'cu+stances" an( a(('esses of the in,esti-atin-autho'it/ o' in(i,i(uals" as ?ell as the +anne' an( con(uct of thein,esti-ation" to-ethe' ?ith an/ 'epo't = $e% The actions an( 'ecou'ses ta>en b/ the petitione' to (ete'+inethe fate o' ?he'eabouts of the a--'ie,e( pa't/ an( the i(entit/ of the pe'son 'esponsible fo' the th'eat" act o' o+ission& an(

"1e 2r$%ers o2 t1e Amparo Ru&e never intended Se(tion F8(9 to )e (o%p&etein ever; det$i& in st$tin' t1e t1re$tened or $(tu$& vio&$tion o2 $ vi(ti% sri'1ts. As in $n; ot1er initi$tor; p&e$din', t1e p&e$der %ust o2 (ourse st$tet1e u&ti%$te 2$(ts (onstitutin' t1e ($use o2 $(tion, o%ittin' t1e evidenti$r; det$i&s.36G5 In $n Amparo petition, 1o0ever, t1is re


12/27

/e re e(t t1e petitioners $r'u%ent t1$t t1e respondent s petition did not(o%p&; 0it1 t1e Se(tion F8d9 re


13/27

+ . L$te&;, 3respondent5 0$s $'$in $dvised ); one o2 t1e

3petitioners5 to 'o to t1e ARMM Po&i(e He$d


14/27

"1e Amparo Ru&e e press&; provides t1$t t1e 0rit s1$&& (over e tr$&e'$&@i&&in's $nd en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(es or t1re$ts t1ereo2. 3 *5 /e note t1$t$&t1ou'1 t1e 0rit spe(i2i($&&; (overs en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(es, t1is (on(eptis neit1er de2ined nor pen$&i ed in t1is urisdi(tion. "1e re(ords o2 t1eSupre%e Court Co%%ittee on t1e Revision o2 Ru&es 8 Committee reve$& t1$tt1e dr$2ters o2 t1e Amparo Ru&e initi$&&; (onsidered providin' $n e&e%ent$&de2inition o2 t1e (on(ept o2 en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(e: 3 D5

US"ICE MAR"INEZ: I )e&ieve t1$t 2irst $nd 2ore%ost 0e s1ou&d (o%e up or2or%u&$te $ spe(i2i( de2inition 32or5 e tr$ udi(i$& @i&&in's $nd en2or(eddis$ppe$r$n(es. ?ro% t1$t de2inition, t1en 0e ($n pro(eed to 2or%u&$te t1eru&es, de2inite ru&es (on(ernin' t1e s$%e.

CHIE? US"ICE PUNO: As thin-s stan(" the'e is no la? penali in-e


15/27

?ro% t1e Intern$tion$& L$0 perspe(tive, invo&unt$r; or en2or(eddis$ppe$r$n(e is (onsidered $ 2&$'r$nt vio&$tion o2 1u%$n ri'1ts. 34 45 It doesnot on&; vio&$te t1e ri'1t to &i2e, &i)ert; $nd se(urit; o2 t1e desaparecido = it$22e(ts t1eir 2$%i&ies $s 0e&& t1rou'1 t1e deni$& o2 t1eir ri'1t to in2or%$tionre'$rdin' t1e (ir(u%st$n(es o2 t1e dis$ppe$red 2$%i&; %e%)er. "1us,en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(es 1$ve )een s$id to )e $ dou)&e 2or% o2 torture, 0it1

dou)&; p$r$&; in' i%p$(t 2or t1e vi(ti%s, $s t1e; $re @ept i'nor$nt o2 t1eiro0n 2$tes, 01i&e 2$%i&; %e%)ers $re deprived o2 @no0in' t1e 01ere$)outs o2 t1eir det$ined &oved ones $nd su22er $s 0e&& t1e serious e(ono%i( 1$rds1ip$nd povert; t1$t in %ost ($ses 2o&&o0 t1e dis$ppe$r$n(e o2 t1e 1ouse1o&d

)re$d0inner. 34 +5 "1e UN ener$& Asse%)&; 2irst (onsidered t1e issue o2 !is$ppe$redPersons in !e(e%)er 4 67 under Reso&ution ** 46*. "1e Reso&utione pressed t1e ener$& Asse%)&; s deep (on(ern $risin' 2ro% reports 2ro%

v$rious p$rts o2 t1e 0or&d re&$tin' to en2or(ed or invo&unt$r; dis$ppe$r$n(es, $nd re


16/27

As $ %$tter o2 1u%$n ri'1t $nd 2und$%ent$& 2reedo% $nd $s $ po&i(; %$tter%$de in $ UN !e(&$r$tion, t1e )$n on en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(e ($nnot )ut1$ve its e22e(ts on t1e (ountr;, 'iven our o0n $d1eren(e to 2genera yaccepted princip es o" internationa a1 as part o" the a1 o" the and. 344F5 In t1e re(ent ($se o2 Pharmaceutica and 4ea th Care Association o" the

Phi ippines v. %u6ue III ,344G5 0e 1e&d t1$t: Under t1e 4 76 Constitution, intern$tion$& &$0 ($n )e(o%e p$rt o2 t1e sp1ereo2 do%esti( &$0 eit1er ); t'ansfo'+ation or inco'po'ation . "1etr$ns2or%$tion %et1od re


17/27

"1ese U.N. de(&$r$tions $re si'ni2i($nt )e($use t1e; spe(i2; 0it1 're$tpre(ision t1e o)&i'$tions o2 %e%)er n$tions under t1e C1$rter. Sin(e t1eir$doption, Q8%9e%)ers ($n no &on'er (ontend t1$t t1e; do not @no0 01$t1u%$n ri'1ts t1e; pro%ised in t1e C1$rter to pro%ote. Moreover, $ U.N.!e(&$r$tion is, $((ordin' to one $ut1orit$tive de2inition, Q$ 2or%$& $ndso&e%n instru%ent, suit$)&e 2or r$re o(($sions 01en prin(ip&es o2 're$t $nd&$stin' i%port$n(e $re )ein' enun(i$ted. A((ordin'&;, it 1$s )een o)servedt1$t t1e Univers$& !e(&$r$tion o2 Hu%$n Ri'1ts Qno &on'er 2its into t1edi(1oto%; o2 )indin' tre$t; $'$inst non-)indin' pronoun(e%ent, )ut isr$t1er $n $ut1orit$tive st$te%ent o2 t1e intern$tion$& (o%%unit;.Q "1us, $!e(&$r$tion (re$tes $n e pe(t$tion o2 $d1eren(e, $nd Qinso2$r $s t1ee pe(t$tion is 'r$du$&&; usti2ied ); St$te pr$(ti(e, $ de(&$r$tion %$; ); (usto% )e(o%e re(o'ni ed $s &$;in' do0n ru&es )indin' upon t1e St$tes.QIndeed, sever$& (o%%ent$tors 1$ve (on(&uded t1$t t1e Univers$& !e(&$r$tion1$s )e(o%e, in toto , $ p$rt o2 )indin', (usto%$r; intern$tion$& &$0.3Cit$tions o%itted5

ourth , in interpretin' Arti(&e + 8ri'1t to $n e22e(tive do%esti( re%ed;9 o2 t1eIntern$tion$& Convention on Civi& $nd Po&iti($& Ri'1ts 8 ICCPR 9, to 01i(1 t1eP1i&ippines is )ot1 $ si'n$tor; $nd $ St$te P$rt;, t1e UN Hu%$n Ri'1tsCo%%ittee, under t1e O22i(e o2 t1e Hi'1 Co%%issioner 2or Hu%$n Ri'1ts,1$s st$ted t1$t t1e $(t o2 en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(e vio&$tes Arti(&es G 8ri'1t to&i2e9, 6 8pro1i)ition on torture, (rue&, in1u%$n or de'r$din' tre$t%ent orpunis1%ent9 $nd 8ri'1t to &i)ert; $nd se(urit; o2 t1e person9 o2 t1e ICCPR,$nd t1e $(t %$; $&so $%ount to $ (ri%e $'$inst 1u%$nit;. 34*45

i"th , Arti(&e 6, p$r$'r$p1 4 o2 t1e 4 7 Ro%e St$tute est$)&is1in' t1eIntern$tion$& Cri%in$& Court 8 ICC 9 $&so (overs en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(esinso2$r $s t1e; $re de2ined $s (ri%es $'$inst 1u%$nit;, 34*+5 i.e., (ri%es

(o%%itted $s p$rt o2 $ 0idespre$d or s;ste%$ti( $tt$(@ $'$inst $n; (ivi&i$npopu&$tion, 0it1 @no0&ed'e o2 t1e $tt$(@. /1i&e %ore t1$n 4 (ountries1$ve r$ti2ied t1e Ro%e St$tute, 34**5 t1e P1i&ippines is sti&& %ere&; $ si'n$tor; $nd 1$s not ;et r$ti2ied it. /e note t1$t Arti(&e 6849 o2 t1e Ro%e St$tute 1$s

)een in(orpor$ted in t1e st$tutes o2 ot1er intern$tion$& $nd 1;)rid tri)un$&s,in(&udin' Sierr$ Leone Spe(i$& Court, t1e Spe(i$& P$ne&s 2or Serious Cri%es in"i%or-Leste, $nd t1e E tr$ordin$r; C1$%)ers in t1e Courts o2 C$%)odi$.34*D5 In $ddition, t1e i%p&e%entin' &e'is&$tion o2 St$te P$rties to t1e Ro%eSt$tute o2 t1e ICC 1$s 'iven rise to $ nu%)er o2 n$tion$& (ri%in$& provisions$&so (overin' en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(e. 34*F5

/1i&e t1e P1i&ippines is not ;et "orma y )ound ); t1e ter%s o2 t1eConvention on en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(e 8or ); t1e spe(i2i( ter%s o2 t1e Ro%eSt$tute9 $nd 1$s not 2or%$&&; de(&$red en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(e $s $ spe(i2i((ri%e, t1e $)ove re(it$& s1o0s t1$t enfo'ce( (isappea'ance as a Statep'actice has been 'epu(iate( b/ the inte'national co++unit/" so

that the ban on it is no? a generally accepted principle of international la ' ?hich ?e shoul( consi(e' a pa't of the la? of

the lan(" an( ?hich ?e shoul( act upon to the e


18/27

"1e Co%%ittee $tt$(1es i%port$n(e to St$tes P$rties est$)&is1in'$ppropri$te udi(i$& $nd a(+inist'ati,e +echanis+s 2or $ddressin'(&$i%s o2 ri'1ts vio&$tions under do%esti( &$0 A(+inist'ati,e+echanis+s a'e pa'ticula'l/ 'eFui'e( to -i,e effect to the -ene'alobli-ation to in,esti-ate alle-ations of ,iolations p'o+ptl/"tho'ou-hl/ an( effecti,el/ th'ou-h in(epen(ent an( i+pa'tial bo(ies . A 2$i&ure ); $ St$te P$rt; to investi'$te $&&e'$tions o2 vio&$tions(ou&d in $nd o2 itse&2 'ive rise to $ sep$r$te )re$(1 o2 t1e Coven$nt. Cess$tiono2 $n on'oin' vio&$tion is $n essenti$& e&e%ent o2 t1e ri'1t to $n e22e(tivere%ed;. 3E%p1$sis supp&ied5

"1e UN Hu%$n Ri'1ts Co%%ittee 2urt1er st$ted in t1e s$%e ener$&Co%%ent No. *4 t1$t 2$i&ure to investi'$te $s 0e&& $s 2$i&ure to )rin' to usti(et1e perpetr$tors o2 ICCPR vio&$tions (ou&d in $nd o2 itse&2 'ive rise to $sep$r$te )re$(1 o2 t1e Coven$nt, t1us: 34*75 47. /1ere t1e investi'$tions re2erred to in p$r$'r$p1 4F reve$& vio&$tions o2 (ert$in Coven$nt ri'1ts, States Pa'ties +ust ensu'e that those'esponsible a'e b'ou-ht to @ustice.As ?ith failu'e to in,esti-ate"failu'e to b'in- to @ustice pe'pet'ato's of such ,iolations coul( inan( of itself -i,e 'ise to a sepa'ate b'each of the Co,enant . Theseobli-ations a'ise notabl/ in 'espect of those ,iolations 'eco-ni e(as c'i+inal un(e' eithe' (o+estic o' inte'national la? , su(1 $storture $nd si%i&$r (rue&, in1u%$n $nd de'r$din' tre$t%ent 8$rti(&e 69,su%%$r; $nd $r)itr$r; @i&&in' 8$rti(&e G9 an( enfo'ce( (isappea'ance$a'ticles an( 6 an(" f'eFuentl/" H%. Indeed, t1e pro)&e% o2 i%punit; 2or t1ese vio&$tions, $ %$tter o2 sust$ined (on(ern ); t1e Co%%ittee, %$;

0e&& )e $n i%port$nt (ontri)utin' e&e%ent in t1e re(urren(e o2 t1e vio&$tions. /1en (o%%itted $s p$rt o2 $ 0idespre$d or s;ste%$ti( $tt$(@ on $ (ivi&i$npopu&$tion, t1ese vio&$tions o2 t1e Coven$nt $re (ri%es $'$inst 1u%$nit; 8seeRo%e St$tute o2 t1e Intern$tion$& Cri%in$& Court, $rti(&e 69. 3E%p1$sissupp&ied5

In *ecretary o" $ationa %e"ense v. Mana o ,34* 5 t1is Court, in ru&in' t1$t t1eri'1t to se(urit; o2 persons is $ 'u$r$ntee o2 t1e prote(tion o2 one s ri'1t ); t1e 'overn%ent, 1e&d t1$t: "1e ri'1t to se(urit; o2 person in t1is t1ird sense is $ (oro&&$r; o2 t1e po&i(; t1$t t1e St$te 'u$r$ntees 2u&& respe(t 2or 1u%$n ri'1ts under Arti(&e II,Se(tion 44 o2 t1e 4 76 Constitution. As the government is the chie" guarantoro" order and security, the Constitutiona guarantee o" the rights to i"e,

iberty and security o" person is rendered ine""ective i" government does not a""ord protection to these rights especia y 1hen they are underthreat. P'otection inclu(es con(uctin- effecti,e in,esti-ations"

o'-ani ation of the -o,e'n+ent appa'atus to eillin-s o' enfo'ce( (isappea'ances $o'

th'eats the'eof% an(Io' thei' fa+ilies" an( b'in-in- offen(e's tothe ba' of @ustice . "1e Inter-A%eri($n Court o2 Hu%$n Ri'1ts stressed t1ei%port$n(e o2 investi'$tion in t1e VelasFue Ro('i-ue Case , vi) :8"1e dut; to investi'$te9 +ust be un(e'ta>en in a se'ious+anne' an( not as a +e'e fo'+alit/ p'eo'(aine( to beineffecti,e. An investi'$tion %ust 1$ve $n o) e(tive $nd )e assu+e( b/ the State as its o?n le-al (ut/" not as a step ta>en b/ p'i,ateinte'ests that (epen(s upon the initiati,e of the ,icti+ o' hisfa+il/ or upon t1eir o22er o2 proo2, 0it1out $n e22e(tive se$r(1 2or t1e trut1 ); t1e 'overn%ent. 3E%p1$sis supp&ied5 Mana o si'ni2i($nt&; (ited 'urt v. Tur!ey, 34D 5 01ere t1e ECHR interpretedt1e ri'1t to se(urit; not on&; $s $ pro1i)ition on t1e St$te $'$inst $r)itr$r; depriv$tion o2 &i)ert;, )ut $&so $s t1e i%position o2 $ positive dut; to $22ordprote(tion to t1e ri'1t to &i)ert;. "1e Court not$)&;


19/27

"1ese di22i(u&ties &$r'e&; $rise )e($use t1e St$te itse&2 B t1e p$rt; 01oseinvo&ve%ent is $&&e'ed B investi'$tes en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(es. P$ste perien(es in ot1er urisdi(tions s1o0 t1$t t1e evidenti$r; di22i(u&ties $re'ener$&&; t1ree2o&d.

irst , t1ere %$; )e $ (elibe'ate conceal+ent of the i(entities of the(i'ect pe'pet'ato's. 34D45 E perts note t1$t $)du(tors $re 0e&& or'$ni ed,$r%ed $nd usu$&&; %e%)ers o2 t1e %i&it$r; or po&i(e 2or(es, t1us: "1e vi(ti% is 'ener$&&; $rrested ); t1e se(urit; 2or(es or ); persons $(tin'under so%e 2or% o2 'overn%ent$& $ut1orit;. In %$n; (ountries t1e units t1$tp&$n, i%p&e%ent $nd e e(ute t1e pro'r$% $re 'ener$&&; spe(i$&i ed, 1i'1&;-se(ret )odies 0it1in t1e $r%ed or se(urit; 2or(es. "1e; $re 'ener$&&; dire(tedt1rou'1 $ sep$r$te, (&$ndestine (1$in o2 (o%%$nd, )ut t1e; 1$ve t1ene(ess$r; (redenti$&s to $void or prevent $n; inter2eren(e ); t1e Q&e'$&Qpo&i(e 2or(es. "1ese $ut1orities t$@e t1eir vi(ti%s to se(ret detention (enters

01ere t1e; su) e(t t1e% to interro'$tion $nd torture 0it1out 2e$r o2 udi(i$&or ot1er (ontro&s .34D+5 In $ddition, t1ere $re usu$&&; no 0itnesses to t1e (ri%e= i2 t1ere $re, t1ese

0itnesses $re usu$&&; $2r$id to spe$@ out pu)&i(&; or to testi2; on t1edis$ppe$r$n(e out o2 2e$r 2or t1eir o0n &ives. 34D*5 /e 1$ve 1$d o(($sion tonote t1is di22i(u&t; in *ecretary o" %e"ense v. Mana o 34DD5 01en 0e$(@no0&ed'ed t1$t 01ere po0er2u& %i&it$r; o22i(ers $re i%p&i($ted, t1e1esit$tion o2 0itnesses to sur2$(e $nd testi2; $'$inst t1e% (o%es $s nosurprise.

*econd , (elibe'ate conceal+ent of pe'tinent e,i(ence of the(isappea'ance is $ distin(t possi)i⁢= t1e (entr$& pie(e o2 eviden(e in $nen2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(e B i.e., t1e corpus de icti or t1e vi(ti% s )od; B isusu$&&; (on(e$&ed to e22e(tive&; t10$rt t1e st$rt o2 $n; investi'$tion or t1epro'ress o2 one t1$t %$; 1$ve )e'un. 34DF5 The prob em "or the victim’s "ami y

is the *tate’s virtua monopo y o" access to pertinent evidence . "1e Inter- A%eri($n Court o2 Hu%$n Ri'1ts 8 IAC4R 9 o)served in t1e &$nd%$r@ ($seo2 :e as6ue) Rodrigue) 34DG5 t1$t in1erent to t1e pr$(ti(e o2 en2or(eddis$ppe$r$n(e is t1e de&i)er$te use o2 t1e St$te s po0er to destro; t1epertinent eviden(e. "1e IACHR des(ri)ed t1e (on(e$&%ent $s $ (&e$r $tte%pt

); t1e St$te to (o%%it t1e per2e(t (ri%e. 34D65 Third is t1e ele+ent of (enial = in %$n; ($ses, t1e St$te $ut1oritiesde&i)er$te&; den; t1$t t1e en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(e ever o((urred.34D75 !eni$)i⁢ is (entr$& to t1e po&i(; o2 en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(es, $s t1e$)sen(e o2 $n; proven dis$ppe$r$n(e %$@es it e$sier to es($pe t1e$pp&i($tion o2 &e'$& st$nd$rds ensurin' t1e vi(ti% s 1u%$n ri'1ts.34D 5

E perien(e s1o0s t1$t 'overn%ent o22i(i$&s t;pi($&&; respond to re


20/27

su)st$nti$& eviden(e. On(e $ re)utt$)&e ($se 1$s )een proven, t1erespondents %ust t1en respond $nd prove t1eir de2enses )$sed on t1est$nd$rd o2 di&i'en(e rei(nappin- o' the ?he'eabouts an( fate of the ,icti+. 3E%p1$sis supp&ied5 In (on(&udin' t1$t t1e dis$ppe$r$n(e o2 M$n2redo Ve&Ts


21/27

01ere, $s $ ru&e, te(1ni($& ru&es o2 eviden(e $re not stri(t&; o)served. "1us, 01i&e 0e %ust 2o&&o0 t1e su)st$nti$& eviden(e ru&e, 0e %ust o)serve2&e i)i⁢ in (onsiderin' t1e eviden(e 0e s1$&& t$@e into $((ount.

"1e 2$ir $nd proper ru&e, to our %ind, is to (onsider $&& t1e pie(es o2 eviden(e $ddu(ed in t1eir tot$⁢, $nd to (onsider $n; eviden(e ot1er0isein$d%issi)&e under our usu$& ru&es to )e $d%issi)&e i2 it is (onsistent 0it1 t1e$d%issi)&e eviden(e $ddu(ed. In ot1er 0ords, ?e 'e(uce ou' 'ules to the+ost basic test of 'eason K i*e." to the 'ele,ance of the e,i(ence tothe issue at han( an( its consistenc/ ?ith all othe' pieces of a((uce( e,i(ence. Thus" e,en hea'sa/ e,i(ence can be a(+itte( if it satisfies this basic +ini+u+ test.

/e note in t1is re'$rd t1$t t1e use o2 2&e i)i⁢ in t1e (onsider$tion o2 eviden(e is not $t $&& nove& in t1e P1i&ippine &e'$& s;ste%. In (1i&d $)use($ses, Se(tion +7 o2 t1e Ru&e on E $%in$tion o2 $ C1i&d /itness 34F65 ise press&; re(o'ni ed $s $n e (eption to t1e 1e$rs$; ru&e. "1is Ru&e $&&o0s t1e$d%ission o2 t1e 1e$rs$; testi%on; o2 $ (1i&d des(ri)in' $n; $(t or $tte%pted$(t o2 se u$& $)use in $n; (ri%in$& or non-(ri%in$& pro(eedin', su) e(t to(ert$in prere


22/27

is un(e' custo(ial in,esti-ation because he is alle-e(l/ : parang liason ng #. .;" si'. J: /1$t is .I.

A: e%$ $1 Is&$%i$1, sir. J: /$s t1ere $n; in2or%$tion t1$t 0$s re$d to ;ou durin' one o2 t1ose

visits o2 ;ours in t1$t C$%p

A: Col. Casi+ (i( not fu'nish +e a cop/ of his 'epo't becausehe sai( those 'epo'ts a'e hi-hl/ confi(ential" si'. J: 8as it 'ea( to /ou then e,en thou-h /ou ?e'e not fu'nishe(a cop/

A: 0es" si'. n f'ont of us" +/ f'ien(s. J: And 01$t 0$s t1e (ontent o2 t1$t 1i'1&; (on2identi$& report

A: "1ose $&&e'ed $(tivities o2 En'ineer "$'itis, sir. 34G45 3E%p1$sis

supp&ied5 S1e (on2ir%ed t1is testi%on; in 1er (ross-e $%in$tion: J: ou $&so %entioned t1$t ;ou 0ent to C$%p >$titip$n in !$v$o Cit;

A: es, %$ $%. J: An( a ce'tain Col. asi+ tol( /ou that /ou' husban( ?asab(ucte( an( un(e' custo(ial in,esti-ation

A: 0es" +a a+.

J: An( /ou +entione( that he sho?e( /ou a 'epo't

A: 0es" +a a+. J: 8e'e /ou able to 'ea( the contents of that 'epo't

A: 9e (i( not fu'nish +e a cop/ of those D sic 'epo't becausethose Dsic ?e'e hi-hl/ confi(ential. That is a +ilita'/ 'epo't"+a a+. J: But /ou ?e'e able to 'ea( the contents

A: No. But he 'ea( it in f'ont of us" +/ f'ien(s" +a a+.

J: 9o? +an/ ?e'e /ou ?hen /ou ?ent to see Col. asi+ A: The'e ?e'e th'ee of us" +a a+. J: /1o 0ere ;our (o%p$nions A: Mrs. "$&)in, tapos yung da a1ang 2riends nya 2ro% M$ti Cit;, !$v$oOrient$&, %$ $%.34G+5

J: /1en ;ou 0ere to&d t1$t ;our 1us)$nd is in 'ood 1$nds, 01$t 0$s ;our re$(tion $nd 01$t did ;ou do A: +ay binasa kasi sya that +/ husban( has a parang +eetin- ?ith othe' people na parang mga terorista na mga tao . Tapos $tt1e end o2 t1e report is 3 sic5un(e' custo(ial in,esti-ation . So I to&d 1i%

Co&one&, %; 1us)$nd is si(@. He is di$)eti( at nagmemaintain yun nggamot. Pa!isabi ang sa naghoho d sa asa1a !o na bigyan siya ng gamot,ma’am .3 34G*5

J: ou %entioned t1$t ;ou re(eived in2or%$tion t1$t En'ineer "$'itis is )ein' 1e&d ); t1e CI! in Z$%)o$n'$, did ;ou 'o to CI! Z$%)o$n'$ to veri2; t1$t in2or%$tion A: I did not 'o to CI! Z$%)o$n'$. I 0ent to C$%p >$rin'$&inste$d. Enou'1 na yun na e22ort !o )e($use I @no0 t1$t t1e; 0ou&d den; it,%$ $%.34GD5

On ?e)ru$r; 44, + 7, t1e respondent presented Mrs. "$&)in to (orro)or$te1er testi%on; t1$t 1er 1us)$nd 0$s $)du(ted $nd 1e&d under (ustodi$&investi'$tion ); t1e PNP-CI! Z$%)o$n'$ Cit;, vi)8 J: ou s$id t1$t ;ou 0ent to C$%p >$titip$n in !$v$o Cit; so%eti%eNove%)er +D, + 6, 01o 0$s 0it1 ;ou 01en ;ou 0ent t1ere A: M$r; e$n "$'itis, sir. J: On&; t1e t0o o2 ;ou A: No. /e 1$ve so%e ot1er (o%p$nions. /e 0ere 2our $t t1$t ti%e, sir.

J: /1o 0ere t1e;

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/december2009/182498.htm#_ftn161http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/december2009/182498.htm#_ftn161http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/december2009/182498.htm#_ftn162http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/december2009/182498.htm#_ftn163http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/december2009/182498.htm#_ftn164http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/december2009/182498.htm#_ftn161http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/december2009/182498.htm#_ftn162http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/december2009/182498.htm#_ftn163http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/december2009/182498.htm#_ftn164


23/27

A: S$&v$(ion Serr$no, Mini Leon', Mrs. "$'itis $nd %e, sir. J: /ere ;ou $)&e to t$&@, see so%e ot1er o22i(i$&s $t C$%p >$titip$ndurin' t1$t ti%e

A: Co&. >$si% 8PS Supt. u&$siri% A1$din >$si%9 on&;, sir. J: /ere ;ou $)&e to t$&@ to 1i%

A: es, sir. J: "1e 2our o2 ;ou

A: es, sir. J: /1$t in2or%$tion did ;ou 'et 2ro% Co&. >$si% durin' t1$t ti%e

A: "1e 2irst ti%e 0e %et 0it1 31i%5 I $s@ed 1i% i2 1e @ne0 o2 t1e e $(t&o($tion, i2 1e ($n 2urnis1 us t1e &o($tion o2 En'r. "$'itis. And 1e 0$sre$din' t1is report. 9e tol( us that En-'. Ta-itis is in -oo(han(s. 9e is ?ith the +ilita'/" but he is not ce'tain ?hethe' he is ?ith the A1P o' PNP. 9e has this se'ious case. 9e ?as cha'-e( of te''o'is+ because he ?as un(e' su',eillance f'o+ #anua'/ 4up to the ti+e that he ?as ab(ucte(. 9e tol( us that he ?as un(e'custo(ial in,esti-ation. As ,e sai( ea'lie'" he ?as seen un(e'su',eillance f'o+ #anua'/. 9e ?as seen tal>in- to O+a' Pati>" ace'tain Santos of Bulacan ?ho is also a Bali> sla+ an( cha'-e( ?ith te''o'is+. 9e ?as seen ca''/in- bo


24/27

f'ien(s" base( on the info'+ant s lette'" that Ta-itis" 'epute(l/ aliaison fo' the # an( ?ho ha( been un(e' su',eillance since#anua'/ 4 " ?as :in -oo( han(s; an( un(e' custo(ialin,esti-ation fo' co+plicit/ ?ith the # afte' he ?as seen tal>in- toone O+a' Pati> an( a ce'tain :Santos; of Bulacan" a :Bali> sla+;cha'-e( ?ith te''o'is+. "1e respondent s $nd Mrs. "$&)in s testi%onies($nnot si%p&; )e de2e$ted ); Co&. >$si% s p&$in deni$& $nd 1is (&$i% t1$t 1e1$d destro;ed 1is in2or%$nt s &etter, t1e (riti($& pie(e o2 eviden(e t1$tsupports or ne'$tes t1e p$rties (on2&i(tin' (&$i%s. Co&. >$si% s $d%itteddestru(tion o2 t1is &etter B e22e(tive&;, $ suppression o2 t1is eviden(e B r$isest1e presu%ption t1$t t1e &etter, i2 produ(ed, 0ou&d )e proo2 o2 01$t t1erespondent (&$i%ed .34645 ?or )revit;, 0e s1$&& ($&& t1e eviden(e o2 01$t Co&.>$si% reported to t1e respondent to )e t1e >$si% eviden(e.

iven t1is eviden(e, our ne t step is to de(ide 01et1er 0e ($n $((ept t1iseviden(e, in &ieu o2 dire(t eviden(e, $s proo" that the disappearance o" Tagitis 1as due to action 1ith government participation, !no1 edge orconsent and that he 1as he d "or custodia investigation . /e note in t1isre'$rd t1$t Co&. >$si% 0$s never $si% eviden(e $ssu%es (riti($& %$teri$⁢ 'iven t1e de$rt1 o2 dire(t

eviden(e on t1e $)ove $spe(ts o2 t1e ($se, $s it supp&ies t1e '$ps that 1erenever oo!ed into and c ari"ied ); po&i(e investi'$tion. It is t1e eviden(e,too, t1$t (o&ors $ si%p&e %issin' person report into $n en2or(eddis$ppe$r$n(e ($se, $s it in e(ts t1e e&e%ent o2 p$rti(ip$tion ); $'ents o2 t1eSt$te $nd t1us )rin's into


25/27

0o%$n so%e01ere. Again, no evidence e ?ORCE "A I"IS, 0it1 spe(i2i( dire(tives on 01$t to

do. "1e ne'$tive resu&ts re2&e(ted in t1e Returns on t1e 0rit 0ere $'$inrep&i($ted durin' t1e t1ree 1e$rin's t1e CA s(1edu&ed. Aside 2ro% t1eprevious&; %entioned retr$(tion t1$t Pro2. M$t&i %$de to (orre(t 1is$((us$tion t1$t "$'itis too@ %one; 1e&d in trust 2or students, PS Supt. A iri%reiter$ted in 1is testi%on; t1$t t1e CI! (onsistent&; denied $n; @no0&ed'eor (o%p&i(it; in $n; $)du(tion $nd s$id t1$t t1ere 0$s no )$sis to (on(&udet1$t t1e CI! or $n; po&i(e unit 1$d $n;t1in' to do 0it1 t1e dis$ppe$r$n(eo2 "$'itis= 1e &i@e0ise (onsidered it pre%$ture to (on(&ude t1$t "$'itis si%p&; r$n $0$; 0it1 t1e %one; in 1is (ustod;. As $&re$d; noted $)ove, t1e "AS> ?ORCE not$)&; did not pursue $n; investi'$tion $)out t1e person$&(ir(u%st$n(es o2 "$'itis, 1is )$(@'round in re&$tion to t1e I!# $nd t1e

)$(@'round $nd $(tivities o2 t1is #$n@ itse&2, $nd t1e reported si'1tin' o2

"$'istis 0it1 terrorists $nd 1is $&&e'ed (ustod; in "$&ip$p$o, Su&u. No$tte%pt $ppe$rs to 1$ve ever )een %$de to &oo@ into t1e $&&e'ed I!# 2unds

t1$t "$'itis 1e&d in trust, or to t$p $n; o2 t1e $ssets 01o $re indispens$)&ein investi'$tions o2 t1is n$ture. "1ese o%issions $nd ne'$tive resu&ts 0ere$''r$v$ted ); t1e CA 2indin's t1$t it 0$s on&; $s &$te $s $nu$r; +7, + 7 ort1ree %ont1s $2ter t1e dis$ppe$r$n(e t1$t t1e po&i(e $ut1orities re$si% 0$s not t1enunnon' s initi$& reports o2 t1edis$ppe$r$n(e, to t1e responses %$de to t1e respondent 01en s1e 1erse&2

reported $nd in ?ORCE "A I"IS, t1e investi'$tion 0$s $t )est 1$p1$ $rd sin(e t1e $ut1orities 0ere &oo@in' 2or $ %$n 01ose pi(turet1e; initi$&&; did not even se(ure. "1e returns $nd reports %$de to t1e CA 2$red no )etter, $s t1e CI! e22orts t1e%se&ves 0ere (on2ined to se$r(1in'2or (ustodi$& re(ords o2 "$'itis in their various departments and divisions . "o point out t1e o)vious, i2 t1e $)du(tion o2 "$'itis 0$s $ )&$(@oper$tion )e($use it 0$s unre(orded or o22i(i$&&; un$ut1ori ed, no re(ord o2 (ustod; 0ou&d ever $ppe$r in t1e CI! re(ords= "$'itis, too, 0ou&d not )edet$ined in t1e usu$& po&i(e or CI! detention p&$(es . n su+" none of

the 'epo'ts on 'eco'( contains an/ +eanin-ful 'esults o' (etailson the (epth an( e


26/27

#$sed on t1ese (onsider$tions, 0e (on(&ude t1$t Co&. >$si% s dis(&osure,%$de in $n un'u$rded %o%ent, une


27/27

). /it1out $n; spe(i2i( pronoun(e%ent on e $(t $ut1ors1ip $ndresponsi)i⁢, de(&$rin' t1e 'overn%ent 8t1rou'1 t1e PNP $nd t1e PNP-CI! 9 $nd Co&one& u&$siri% A1$din >$si% $((ount$)&e 2or t1een2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(e o2 En'ineer Mor(ed N. "$'itis=(. Con2ir%$tion o2 t1e v$&idit; o2 t1e /rit o2 Amparo t1e Court o2

Appe$&s issued=d. Ho&din' t1e PNP, t1rou'1 t1e PNP C1ie2, $nd t1e PNP-CI! ,t1rou'1 its C1ie2, dire(t&; responsi)&e 2or t1e dis(&osure o2 %$teri$& 2$(ts@no0n to t1e 'overn%ent $nd to t1eir o22i(es re'$rdin' t1e dis$ppe$r$n(e o2 En'ineer Mor(ed N. "$'itis, $nd 2or t1e (ondu(t o2 proper investi'$tionsusin' e tr$ordin$r; di&i'en(e, 0it1 t1e o)&i'$tion to s1o0 investi'$tionresu&ts $((ept$)&e to t1is Court=e. Orderin' Co&one& u&$siri% A1$din >$si% i%p&e$ded in t1is ($se$nd 1o&din' 1i% $((ount$)&e 0it1 t1e o)&i'$tion to dis(&ose in2or%$tion@no0n to 1i% $nd to 1is $ssets in re&$tion 0it1 t1e en2or(ed dis$ppe$r$n(eo2 En'ineer Mor(ed N. "$'itis=2. Re2errin' t1is ($se )$(@ to t1e Court o2 Appe$&s 2or $ppropri$tepro(eedin's dire(ted $t t1e %onitorin' o2 t1e PNP $nd PNP-CI!investi'$tions, $(tions $nd t1e v$&id$tion o2 t1eir resu&ts= t1e PNP $nd t1ePNP-CI! s1$&& initi$&&; present to t1e Court o2 Appe$&s $ p&$n o2 $(tion 2or2urt1er investi'$tion, periodi($&&; reportin' t1eir resu&ts to t1e Court o2

Appe$&s 2or (onsider$tion $nd $(tion='. Re

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5. Razon vs. Tagitis

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