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JNBVT@X L

LOTXADPJTLAO

2/2 Hbjigxapod ac tn` Ztpd|

@ogelzn nbz vaw`x lo mbo| bzv`jtz ac elc`/ Ao` ac tn`m lz lo ioawe`dg`/

Mbo| haaiz cxam Polt`d Ilogdam% Polt`d Ztbt`z ac Bm`xljb% ax atn`x japotxl`z

tnbt pz` @ogelzn bz tn`lx ebogpbg` bx` beza dlztxlhpt`d lo apx japotx|/ Wltn tnbt

x`bzao% lt lz o`j`zzbx| ta pod`xztbod @ogelzn/ Lc v`ave` jbo pod xztbod @ogelzn% tn`

jaot`ot ac @ogelzn haaiz wlee h` jamvx`n`od`d/ Tn` vxahe`m lz tnbt% lt lz oat

`oapgn ta pod`xztbod tn` m`bolog waxd h| waxd/ Lo ao` zltpbtlao% oat bee ac tn`

m`bolog ac @ogelzn waxdz nbz zlmlebx jaoj`vt lo Lodao`zlbo/ Lo bddltlao% zam`

@ogelzn `~vx zzlaoz mb| nbs` dlcc x`ot lot xvx tbtlao lo Lodao`zlbo/ Tn`

bxxbog`m`ot ac mbilog bo @ogelzn z`ot`oj` lz dlcc`x`ot cxam mbilog z`ot`oj` lo

Lodao`zlbo/ Lo oao-caxmbe `~vx`zzlaoz% zam` @ogelzn waxdz mb| h` apt ac tn`

e`~ljbe m`bolog/ Tnaz` vxahe`mz nbs` jnbee`og d txbozebtaxz lo txbozebtlog @ogelzn

lota Lodao`zlbo/ Lt lz oat tnbt `bz| ta clod tn` jeaz`zt m`bolog lo tbxg`t ebogpbg` tnbt

jbo x`vx`z`ot tn` lot`otlao ac zapxj` ebogpbg`/ H`zld`z tnbt% jpetpxbe hbjigxapod

nbz ta h` oatlj`d lo txbozebtlao lo axd`x ta bsald tn` mlzmbtjnlog ac m`bolog/ B

gaad txbozebtax nbz ta mbi` gaad gxbmmbtljbe% e`~ljbe bod jpetpxbe bdkpztm`otz/

Tn` dlccljpetl`z lo txbozebtlaoz ajjpx h`jbpz` ac dlcc`x`ot gxbmmbtljbe xpe`%

sajbhpebx|% jpetpx` bod ldlamz/ Ldlam lz bo `~vx`zzlao wnljn jbooat h` lot`xvx`t`d

elt`xbee|/ Lt lz bo lmvel`d `~vx`zzlao lo d`zjxlhlog zam`tnlog/ Tn` lmvaxtboj` ac

dlzjpzzlog ldlam lz h`jbpz` lt lz pzpbee| zvai`o ax wxltt`o lo `s`x|db| ebogpbg`/

@s`x| ebogpbg` nbz ltz awo ldlam/ Tn`x` bx` zam` `~bmve`z ac @ogelzn ldlamz%

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zpjn bz ta naed ao`z taogp`% ta ilji tn` hpji`t% ta `bt ao`z waxd% bod mbo| atn`xz/

Lo elt`xbx| waxiz% tn` wxlt`xz pzpbee| pz` ldlam lo axd`x ta nbs` vx`jlapz waxiz/

Zam`tlm`z lmvel`d `~vx`zzlao jbo h`bptlc| b t`~t/ Zam`tlm`z lt mbi`z tn` n`bx`x

c``e tn` jaot`~t lo nlz ax n`x n`bxt/ Zb|log bo ldlambtlj `~vx`zzlao jbo h` max`

lot`x`ztlog ax `s`o cpool`x tnbo tn` elt`xbe ao`/ Tnlz x`z`bxjn lz bo btt`mvt ta clod

tn` t`jnolrp`z tnbt pz`d h| txbozebtax ac@xbgao oas`e ta txbozebt` tn` ldlamz/

Txbozebtlog @ogelzn ldlamz lota Lodao`zlbo lz bo lot`x`ztlog tavlj ta h`

dlzjpzz`d h`jbpz` ldlam lz jammaoe| pz`d lo dble| jaos`xzbtlao/ Tn` ldlam jbo h`

capod oat aoe| lo zvai`o jaos`xzbtlao% hpt beza lo wxltt`o t`~t% kpzt eli` znaxt

ztaxl`z% oas`ez% e`tt`xz% zjxlvtz ac veb|z% bod mbo| atn`xz/ Eaailog bt tn` t`jnolrp`z

lo txbozebtlog @ogelzn ldlamz bz capod lo b oas`e wlee h` pz`cpe x`z`bxjn h`jbpz` lt

wlee n`ev v`ave` ta bvve| tn` t`jnolrp`z wn`o tn`| clod zam` ldlamz% za tnbt tn`

x`be m`bolog jbo h` bjnl`s`d/

2/8 Ld`otlcljbtlao ac Vxahe`m

Txbozebtlog bo ldlam lz oat bz `bz| bz txbozebtlog b elt`xbe `~vx`zzlao/

V`ave` znaped ioaw tn` h`zt wb| ta txbozebt` tn` ldlam/ Tnlz x`z`bxjn btt`mvtz ta

bozw`x tn` caeeawlog vxahe`mz/

2/ Wnbt bx` tn` t`jnolrp`z pz`d h| tn` txbozebtax lo txbozebtlog @ogelzn ldlamz

lota Lodao`zlbo1

8/ Wnbt lz tn` damlobot t`jnolrp` pz`d h| tn` txbozebtax ac@xbgao oas`e h|

Jnxlztavn`x Vbaelol1

2/: Ahk`jtls` ac tn` Ztpd|

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Tn`x` bx` twa blmz tnbt bx` `~v`jt`d ta h` bjnl`s`d lo dalog tnlz x`z`bxjn/

Tn` clxzt ao` lz ta ld`otlc| tn` t`jnolrp z lo txbozebtlog @ogelzn ldlamz lota

Lodao zlbo/ H`zld z clodlog tn` t`jnolrp`z pz`d h| tn` txbozebtax ta txbozebt`

@ogelzn ldlamz% tnlz x`z`bxjn wlee beza tx| ta clod tn` mazt damlobot t`jnolrp` lo

txbozebtlog @ogelzn ldlamz lota Lodao`zlbo/

2/4 Zjav` ac tn` Ztpd|

Tn` bobe|zlz lz cajpz`d ao tn` t`jnolrp`z lo txbozebtlog tn` ldlamz/ Tn`x`

bx` mbo| t|v`z ac ldlamz% eli` ldlamz lo caxmz acvblxz ac waxdz9 jaeapx9 vbxtz ac

had|9 bolmbez9 jaeeajbtlaoz9 s`xh vnxbz`z9 zltpbtlao% bjtlao bod `s`ot9 zb|logz bod

mbo| atn`xz/ Tnlz x`z`bxjn elmltz tn` ztpd| aoe| lo ldlamz bz zltpbtlao% bjtlao bod

`s`otbodzb|logz/ Ldlamz tnbtz|mhael{` zltpbtlao% bjtlao ax `s`otpzpbee| caeeaw`d

ax h`gpo wltn s`xh ax eloilog s`xh bod jamhlo`d wltn oapo vnxbz`% bdk`jtls`

vnxbz` ax bds`xhlbe vnxbz`/ Ldlamz bzzb|logz bx` ztbt`m`otz wnljn bx` w`ee-ioawo

bz wlz` waxdz/

2/0 M`tnad ac tn` Ztpd|

2/0/2 Jaee`jtlog Dbtb

2/0/2/2 Zapxj` ac Dbtb

Tn` dbtb bx` tbi`o cxam bo Bm`xljbo oas`e `otlte`d @xbgao wnljn lz

wxltt`o h| Jnxlztavn x Vbaelol bod ltz txbozebtlao lo Lodao zlbo h| Z`odxb H/

Tbopwldkb|b/ Tn` @ogelzn s`xzlao nbz h``o vphelzn`d h| Xbodam Napz` Loj lo

O`w \axi bod tn` Lodao zlbo s`xzlao nbz h``o vphelzn`d h| VT Gxbm`dlb lo

Kbibxtb/ Jnaazlog tnlz haai bz tn` zapxj` ac dbtb lz h`jbpz` tn`x` bx` mbo|

:

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ldlambtlj `~vx`zzlaoz tnbt jbo h` capod lo tnlz oas`e/ Tnlz lz tn` clxzt oas`e wxltt`o

h| Jnxlztavn`x Vbaelol bod vphelzn`d lo 8668/ Tnlz oas`e lz tn` clxzt z`xl`z ac

Lon`xltboj` txleag|% h`zld`z@ed`ztbodHxlzlogx/@xbgao clxzte| vxlot`d lo Lodao zlb

lo 8664/ Lt nbz h``o txbozebt`d h| Z`odxb H/ Tbopwldkb|b wna nbz beza txbozebt`d

zam` haaiz zpjn bz Zv`bilog lo Taogp` h| K`cc`x| D`bs`x% Tn` Gaed`o Jamvbzh|

Vnlelv Vpeembo% Tn` Gadcbtn`xh| Mbxla Vp{a% Slae`tz bx` Hep`h| Kbm`z Vbtt`xzao%

Tn` Hapxo` Petlmbtpm h| Xah xt Epdepm% Tn` Glxe wna eas`d Tam Gaxdao h|

Zt`vn`o Ilog% Tn` @t`xolt| Jad`h| @alo Jaec`x% zam` z`xl`z acZn`xeaji Naem`z

h| Zlx Bxtnpx Jaobo Da|e` bod mbo| max`/

@xbgao nbz gls`o lmvx`zzlao lo x`bd`xz n`bxtz h| bjnl`slog tn` h`zt z`ee`x

lo zam` haaiztax`z/ Lo 8663% v`ave` jbo `oka| tn` masl` s`xzlao tnbt dlx`jt`d h|

Zt`c`o Cbogm`e`x/@xbgao lz beza bsblebhe` lo sld`a gbm` zloj` tnbt |`bx/ Eaailog

bt tn` zpjj`zz ac@xbgao oas`e tnbt lozvlx`z v`ave` ta da zam`tnlog wltn lt% tn`

wxlt`x nbz b wlee ta da b x`z`bxjn bhapt tnlz oas e/Tnlz x`z`bxjn lz blm`d bt clodlog

tn` ldlamz tnbt cpojtlao bz zltpbtlao% bjtlao bod `s`ot bod zb|logz/ Ldlam tnbt

z|mhael{`z zltpbtlao% bjtlao ax `s`ot pzpbee| caeeaw`d ax h`gpo wltn s`xh ax eloilog

s`xh wnljn lz jamve`t`d wltn atn`x vbxt ac zv``jn `e`m`otz zpjn bz ta h`bt bhapt

tn` hpzn% ta h` jeaz` ta ao`z n`bxtbod ta hx`bi b e`g/ Tnlz ilod jbooat ztbod beao`

bod lz nbxd ta h` txbozebt`d wltnapt ioawlog tn` jaot`~t/ Ldlamz bz zb|logz jbo h`

lo caxm ac jebpz` ax z`ot`oj`% cax `~bmve`9 Elc` lz oa h`d ac xaz`z .Tn`x` bx`

vxahe`mz lo elc`, bod Tn` h`zt tnlogz lo elc` bx` cx`` .Oahad| jbot hp| cx``dam,/

Tnlz ilod lz ioawo bz vxas`xh bod jbo h` pod`xztaad dlx`jte| h`jbpz` tn`x` lz b

jaos`otlao ac v`ave` lo j`xtblo jpetpx` tnbt pz` lt ta `~vx`zz ao` jaodltlao/

2/0/2/8 Vxaj`dpx`z

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Tn` dbtb bx` jaee`jt`d h| tbilog z`s`xbe `~bmve`z ac ldlamz lo @xbgao

oas`e/ Tn` vxaj`zz ac jaee`jtlog dbtb lz dao` h| pzlog jepzt`x xbodam zbmvelog/ Lo

jepzt`x xbodam zbmvelog% tn` vavpebtlao lz dlsld`d lota gxapvz ax ztxbtb% bod b

xbodam zbmve` ac b vxavaxtlaobt` zl{` lz z`e`jt`d cxam `bjn gxapv .Daxo|`l% 866:;

7:,/ Tnlz oas`e jaozlztz ac zl~t| jnbvt`xz/ Tnaz` zl~t| jnbvt`xz bx` dlsld`d lota zl~

gxapvz% za tnbt `bjn gxapv jaozlztz ac t`o jnbvt`xz/ Tn` vavpebtlao ac dbtb lz tn`

wnae` ldlamz wnljn nbs` cpojtlao bz zb|logbod z|mhael{` zltpbtlao% bjtlao ax

`s`otlo@xbgao/ Tn` zbmve`z bx` tbi`o xbodame| cxam tn` zl~ gxapvz potle tn`x` bx`

tw`ot| ldlamz ta h` bobe|{`d/ Bct`x g`ttlog bee ac tn` dbtb bod tn`lx txbozebtlaoz lo

Lodao`zlbo s`xzlao% tn` o`~t zt`v lz ta bobe|{` tn` dbtb/

2/0/8 Bobe|{log Dbtb

Bct`x jaee`jtlog bee ac ldlamz lo tn` oas`e% tn` o`~t ztbg` lz ta jebzzlc| tn`

t|v`z ac tn` tbi`o ldlamz/ Wn`o bee ac tn` dbtb nbz h``o jebzzlcl`d% tn` o`~t zt`v lz

eaailog cax tn` m`bolog ac tnaz` ldlamz lo @ogelzn ldlam dljtlaobx|/ Tn` o`~t waxi

lz ta clod tn` t`jnolrp`z pz`d h| tn` txbozebtax ta txbozebt` @ogelzn ldlamz lo @xbgao

oas`e lota Lodao`zlbo h| pzlog b t`jnolrp` jbee`d cbjlog txbozebtlao .jamvbxlog

bod bobe|{log tn` caxm ac zapxj` ebogpbg` bod tbxg`t ebogpbg`,/ Tnlz x`z`bxjn pz`z

tn`ax| cxam Slob| bod Dbxh`eo`t lo M`tnadaeag| cax Txbozebtlao% Mledx`d E/

Ebxzao lo M`bolog-Hbz`d Txbozebtlao bod Oldb bod Tbh`x lo Tn` Tn`ax| bod

Vxbjtlj` ac Txbozebtlao/

2/0/: Vx`z`otlog tn` X`zpet ac Bobe|zlz

Tn` x`zpetz ac bobe|zlz bx` vx`z`ot`d h| pzlog caxmbe bod locaxmbe wb|z

.Zpdbx|bota% 2

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zlgo% z|mhae% tbhe bod clgpx % wnle` locaxmbe wb| lz vx z`otlog tn` x`zpet ac

bobe|zlz h| pzlog waxdz ax obtpxbe ebogpbg`/ Tn` x`z`bxjn bobe|zlz lz zpvvaxt`d h|

pzlog zam` tbhe`z bod clgpx`z ta znaw tn` jamvbxlzao h`tw``o zapxj` ebogpbg` bod

tbxg`t ebogpbg`% bod caeeaw`d h| d``v `~vebobtlao/

JNBVT@X LL

X@SL@W AC X@EBT@D ELT@XBTPX@

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8/2 X`sl`w ac Vx`slapz Ztpdl`z

Mbo| x`z bxjn`z bod bxtlje z bhapt txbozebtlao nbs` h``o wxltt o lo

elogplztlj ztpdl`z/ Tn`x` bx` z`s`xbe vx`slapz ztpdl`z wnljn bx` x`e`sbot wltn tnlz

vx`z`ot x`z`bxjn/ Tn` clxzt x`ebt`d ztpd| lz wxltt`o h| Mx/ Zpvbt Dltxpjnglk .8663,/

Tn` wxlt`x nbz jaee`jt`d 2:7 ldlamz9 3: lo caxm ac s`xhbe vnxbz`% :7 lo caxm ac

oapo vnxbz`% 2< lo caxm ac bdk`jtlsbe vnxbz` bod 2> lo caxm ac bds`xhlbe vnxbz`/

Tn` wxlt`x h`el`s`z tnbt tn`x` bx` tnx`` m`tnadz lo txbozebtlog Bm`xljbo ldlamz

cxam @ogelzn lota Tnbl9 tn` clxzt ao` lz Waxd cax Waxd Txbozebtlao% tn` z`jaod ao`

lz Elt`xbe Txbozebtlao .Caxm-Hbz`d Txbozebtlao,% bod tn` ebzt ao` lz Cx``

Txbozebtlao .M`bolog-Hbz`d Txbozebtlao,/ N`x`% tn` wxlt`x clodz tnbt aoe| twa cxam

tn`z` m`tnadz jbo h` `mvea|`d lo txbozebtlog ldlamz% tn`| bx` Elt`xbe Txbozebtlao

.Caxm-hbz`d Txbozebtlao, bod Cx`` Txbozebtlao .M`bolog-Hbz`d Txbozebtlao,/

Cx`` Txbozebtlaoz lz mazte| `mvea|`d% cax

v`xj`ot% lc tn`| bx` bex`bd| pz`d h| tbxg`t x`bd`xz/ Tn` wxlt`x beza ztbt`z tnbt tn`x`

twa atn`x wb|z ta txbozebt` Bm`xljbo ldlamz lo tnlz mbgb{lo`9 cxam ldlam ta oao

ldlam bod cxam ldlam ta ldlam/ Txbozebtlog cxam ldlam ta oao ldlam nbz `mvea|`d

lo >4 v`xj`ot ac dbtb bod 23 v`xj`ot ac dbtb pz` txbozebtlog cxam ldlam ta ldlam/

Tn` txbozc`x vxaj`zz cxam ldlam ta oao ldlam lz max` act`o tnbo cxam ldlam ta

ldlam/

Tn` z`jaod ztpd| lz bo bxtlje` wxltt`o h| B{l{ Bhdaeznbno`kbd bod [bnxb

H`n`zntlxaal .8666,/ Zbspznpo lz b oas`e h| Zlmlo Dbo`znsbx/ Lo tnlz wxltlog% tn`

7

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wxlt x wbotz ta clod twa lmvaxtbot lzzp`z9 ldlambtlj `~vx`zzlaoz bod jpetpxbe

jaoj`vtz/ Lt lz b gx`bt jnbee`og` d`belog wltn b ebogpbg` tnbt nbz dlcc`x`ot ldlambtlj

bod jpetpxbe jaoj`vtz/ Tn` txbozebtax japed oat txbozebt` tn` ldlambtlj `~vx`zzlaoz

bod jpetpxbe jaoj`vtz elt`xbee|/ Tn` ebogpbg` ac oas`e lz hatn jaeearplbe lo rpatbtlao

bod caxmbe lo obxxbtax d`zjxlvtlao/ H log cbmlelbx wltn dlcc x`ot ldlambtlj

`~vx`zzlaoz bod jpetpxbe jaoj`vtz lz s`x| lmvaxtbot lo txbozebtlao vxaj`zz tnbt tn`

txbozebtax mlgnt h` `ojapot`x`d lo elt`xbx| txbozebtlao `zv`jlbee| cxam V`xzlbo lo

@ogelzn% za zn` mlgnt pz` tn` d`e`tlao% zphztltptlao bod d`cloltlao vxaj`dpx`z/ Bt

ebzt% lt lz jaojepd`d tnbt tn` txbozebtax dld oat clod bo| `~bjt `rplsbe`oj` lo tbxg`t

ebogpbg`% bod zn` d`jld`z ta amlt ax jnbog` tn` ldlambtlj `~vx`zzlaoz bod jpetpxbe

jaoj`vtz lo tn` txbozebtlao/

Tn` tnlxd vx slapz ztpd| lz dao` h| Dbe Xalil o bod Ixlztlob

Obxmaotl`o .866>,/ Tnlz x`z`bxjn bobe|{ z tn` maxvnaeagljbe bod z`mbotlj

v`jpelbxltl`z ac x`od`xlog d`oamlobe s`xhz cxam @ogelzn lota Eltnpbolbo/ Tn`

x`z`bxjn ahk`jtls`z bx` ta znaw tn` dlcc`x`oj`z bod zlmlebxltl`z ac d`oamlobe s`xhz

lo txbozebtlao cxam @ogelzn lota Eltnpbolbo bod ta bobe|{` tn` wb|z ac x`od`xlog

maxvnaeagljbe bod z`mbotlj bzv`jtz ac d`oamlobe s`xhz lo txbozebtlao bod

zpvve`m`ot tn` bobe|zlz wltn tn` `~bmve`z z`e`jt`d cxam cljtlao/ Tn` wxlt`xz ac tnlz

x`z`bxjn vx`z`ot tn` dbtb h| pzlog dlbgxbm ta znaw tn` cx`rp`oj| ac d`xlsbtlaobe

bzv`jtz/ Cxam tnbt x`z`bxjn% x`bd`x tn`o pod`xztbod tnbt betnapgn tn` mbkaxlt| ac

d`oamlobe jbo h` txbozebt`d lota Eltnpbolbo% rplt` b opmh`x ac @ogelzn d`oamlobe

s xhz da oat nbs` dlx`jt `rplsbe otz lo Eltnpbolbo/ Tn`| bx` txbozebt d lota

Eltnpbolbo h| pzlog zpccl~ z% vx cl~ z% vx`dljbt`-bxgpm`ot ztxpjtpx z ax oao-

maxvnaeagljbe m`boz/ H`zld`z tnbt% d`oamlobe s`xhz bx` txbozebt`d h| pzlog `ltn`x

>

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oao-lojaxvaxbtlog ax oao-`rplsbe`ot lojaxvaxbtlog jaoztxpjtlaoz lo Eltnpbolbo

h`jbpz` d`oamlobe s`xhz jaos`| z`mbotlj% jaot`~tpbe ax ldlambtlj m`bolog ac tn`

vbx`ot oapoz lojaxvaxbtlao lota d`oamlobe s`xhz bod `mvea| dlcc`x ot gxbmmbtljbe

txbozcaxmbtlaoz/

Tnaz` tnx`` vx`slapz ztpdl`z jaojepd` tnbt tn`x` lz vazzlhlelt| ta txbozcaxm b

t`~t ac ao` ebogpbg` lota boatn`x ebogpbg` lo tnlz jbz` tn` ldlambtlj `~vx`zzlaoz/

Ta txbozebt` tn` ldlambtlj `~vx`zzlaoz% zam` bdkpztm`otz bx` o``d`d lo axd`x ta g`t

tn` obtpxbe txbozebtlao/ Tn` bdkpztm`ot jbo h` cxam tn` jpetpxbe bzv`jt ax tn`

ebogpbg` bzv`jt/ Tnlz x`z`bxjn lz rplt` dlcc`x`ot wltn tnaz` vx`slapz ztpdl`z h`jbpz`

tn` dbtb bx` tbi`o cxam dlcc`x`ot ahk`jt ac ztpd| bod bobe|{`d lo dlcc`x`ot wb|% za

tnbt tn` clodlogz mpzt beza h` dlcc`x`ot/

8/8 D`cloltlao ac I`| T`xmz

Txbozebtlao

Txbozebtlao lz hbzljbee| b jnbog` ac caxm .Ebxzao% 24; 8,/ Txbozebtlao lz

tn` x`vebj`m`ot ac t`~tpbe mbt`xlbe lo ao` ebogpbg` .ZE, h| `rplsbe`ot t`~tpbe

mbt xlbe lo boatn x ebogpbg` .TE, .Jbtcaxd% 2

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tnbt da`z oat ah`| ztbodbxd gxbmmbtljbe xpe`z ax nbs` b elt`xbe m`bolog .Xaam%

23;244,/ Hbz`d ao A~caxd Dljtlaobx| .8666; 828,% Ldlam lz gxapv ac waxdz wltn

b m`bolog tnbt lz dlcc`x`ot cxam tn` m`bolog ac bee tn` lodlsldpbe waxdz/

Jpetpx`

Jpetpx` lz tn` zpm ac tatbe ac tn` e`bxo`d h`nbslax ac b gxapv ac v`ave` tnbt

bx` g`o`xbee| jaozld`x`d ta h` tn` txbdltlao ac tnbt v`ave` bod bx` txbozmltt`d cxam

g`o`xbtlao ta g`o`xbtlao .Naczt d % 2

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txbozebtaxz nbs` capod pocbmlelbx mbt`xlbe ax nlgn`x e`s`e ac z|otbjtlj ztxpjtpx` wltn

jamveljbt`d z`ot`oj` bod dlzjapxz`/ Tn` txbozebtaxz nbs` ta oatlj` tn` bvvxavxlbt`

jnbog` cax tn` e`~ljbe bod gxbmmbtljbe caxmz ac tn` zapxj` ebogpbg`/

B txbozebtax nbz ta pz` tn` oaxmbe ebogpbg` caxmz ac tn` x`j`vtax ebogpbg`

lo axd`x ta h` `bz| ta pod`xztbod tn` m`bolog ac tn` t`~t/ Tn` txbozebtax mpzt beza

h` bhe` ta mblotblo tn` m`bolog ac tn` zapxj` t`~t ax tn` zapxj` ebogpbg`/ Ta clod

tn` h`zt `rplsbe`ot waxd lz tn` aoe| wb| h`jbpz` tn`x` lz oa @ogelzn waxd tnbt nbz

`~bjte| zbm` m`bolog lo Lodao`zlbo% bod `s`o lo atn`x ebogpbg`z/ Tn` txbozebtaxz

nbs` ta clod tn` mazt `rplsbe ot caxm lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/ Clodlog tn` jeaz zt

m`bolog jbo h` dao` h| pzlog zam` t`jnolrp`z lo txbozebtlao/ Tn` gaad txbozebtlao

jbo h` mbxi`d h| eaailog bt tn` wnae` x`zpet/ Wn`o tn` txbozebtlao lz oat eli` b

txbozebtlao hpt lt lz eli` axlglobee| wxltt`o h| tn` clxzt wxlt`x% lt m`boz tnbt tn`

txbozebtax zpjj``dz lo dalog nlz ax n`x kah/ Tn` txbozebtax lz bhe` ta d`els`x tn`

m`zzbg`z ac zapxj` ebogpbg` lota tbxg`t ebogpbg`% za tnbt tn` x`bd`xz wlee oat h`

mlztbi`o lo pod`xztbodlog tn` t`~t/

8/:/8 T|v`z ac Txbozebtlao

Ebxzao .24; 20, dlsld`z twa ilodz ac txbozebtlaoz/ Ao` lzcaxm-hbz`dbod

tn` atn`x lz m`bolog-hbz`d/ Caxm-hbz`d txbozebtlaoz caeeaw tn` caxm ac zapxj`

ebogpbg`/ Zpjn txbozebtlaoz bx` pzpbee| ioawo bz elt`xbe txbozebtlaoz/ M`bolog-hbz`d

txbozebtlaoz mbi` `s`x| `ccaxt ta jammpoljbt` tn` m`bolog ac tn` zapxj` ebogpbg`

t`~t lo tn` obtpxbe caxmz ac tn` x`j`vtax ebogpbg`/ Zpjn txbozebtlaoz bx` pzpbee|

jbee`d ldlambtlj txbozebtlaoz/

22

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Caxm-hbz`d txbozebtlaoz jbo h` `bzl x ta h` dao` tnbo m`bolog-hbz d

txbozebtlao/ Tn` elt`xbe txbozebtlaoz bx` vazzlhe` ta h` waxi`d apt h`jbpz` hatn

zapxj` ebogpbg` bod tbxg`t ebogpbg` nbs` tn` zbm` gxbmmbtljbe caxm/ Cax `~bmve`9

L ga ta zjnaae lota Zb|b v`xgl i` z`iaebn/ Tn` waxd L tn`x` lz x`vebj`d h|

zb|b% ga h jam z v`xgl% ta h jam z i` bod zjnaae h jam z

z`iaebn/ Tn`x` lz oa gxbmmbtljbe dlcc`x`oj` cxam tnaz` twa ebogpbg`z .@ogelzn

bod Lodao`zlb,/

M`bolog-hbz`d txbozebtlaoz wlee tbi` vebj` wn`o tn`x` lz bo add m`bolog lc

b t`~t lz txbozebt`d h| pzlog elt`xbe txbozebtlaoz% za boatn`x bet`xobtls` ta nbs` tn`

jaxx`jt m`bolog ac tn` t`~t lz h| pzlog ldlambtlj txbozebtlaoz/ Tn`x` lz bo `~bmve`9

Tn` `~bmlobtlao lz b vl`j` ac jbi`/ Lc ao` txbozebt`z tn` z`ot`oj` h| bvve|log tn`

caxm-hbz`d txbozebtlao% lt wlee h` Ltp pklbo bdbebn z`hpbn vataogbo dbxl ip`/ Lt

da`z oat mbi` z`oz` lc b txbozebtax txbozebt`z lt lo zpjn b wb| h`jbpz` tn` m`bolog

ac zapxj` ebogpbg` t`~t nbz oat h``o jbpgnt/ Tn` mazt `rplsbe`ot txbozcaxmbtlao ac

tnbt z`ot`oj` lz Pklbo ltp zbogbt mpdbn/ Txbozebtlog lo zpjn b wb| lz jbt`gaxl{`d

bz ldlambtlj txbozebtlao h`jbpz` tn` e`~ljbe bod gxbmmbtljbe caxmz bx` dlcc`x`ot/

8/:/: T`jnolrp`z ac Txbozebtlao

B txbozebtlao znaped nbs` bo `rplsbe`oj` x`ebtlao wltn tn` zapxj` ebogpbg`

t`~t/ Lo bjnl`slog tn` `rplsbe`oj`% tn`x` bx` zam` dlccljpetl`z cbj`d h| b txbozebtax/

Hbz`d ao Nbxs`|% Nlggloz bod Nb|waadz ztbt`m`otz .2

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Tn`x bx` zam` t`jnolrp`z lo txbozebtlao lotxadpj`d h| Slob| bod

Dbxh`eeo`t .2

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8/:/:/: Elt`xbe Txbozebtlao

Elt xbe txbozebtlao lz pzpbee| jbee d waxd-cax-waxd txbozebtlao/ Lt lz tn`

mazt jammao t`jnolrp` lc tn` ZE bod TE jam` cxam tn` zbm` cbmle| bod jpetpx`/

Elt`xbe txbozebtlao mb| h` v`xcaxm`d bz eaog bz tn` m`bolog jbo h` z`jpx`d/ Elt`xbe

txbozebtlao jbooat h` pz`d lc lt gls`z b dlcc x`ot m`bolog ax `s`o oa m`bolog lo

tbxg`t ebogpbg`/ L ga ta zjnaae lo @ogelzn jbo h` txbozebt`d elt`xbee| lo Lodao`zlb

lota Zb|b v`xgl i` z`iaebn h`jbpz` tn` m`bolog lz tn` zbm`/

8/:/:/4 Txbozvazltlao

Txbozvazltlao lz b jnbog` ac ao` vbxt ac zv``jn cax boatn`x wltnapt jnboglog

tn` z`oz`/ H`zld`z jnboglog tn` waxd jebzz% jnboglog tn` waxd axd`x mb| beza h`

pz`d lo txbozvazltlao/

ZE; Tn`| lozlzt ao nlgn`x wbg`z% h`tt`x elslog jaodltlaoz bod znaxt`x

waxilog napxz/

TE; M`x`ib m`opotpt i`oblibo gbkl%v`xhblibo z|bxbt-z|bxbt i`nldpvbo dbo

v`ogpxbogbo km i`xkb/

Lo tnlz jbz`% tn`x` lz b jnbog` ac vbxt ac zv``jn cxam bdk`jtls` lota oapo

.nlgn`xlota i`oblibo% h`tt`xlotav`xhblibo bodznaxt`xlotav`ogpxbogbo,/

ZE; M| hep` kbji`t lz ao tn` h`d/

TE; Kbi`t hlxp zb|b dl btbz t`mvbt tldpx/

N`x`% tn` waxd axd`x ac @ogelzn z`ot`oj` lz dlcc`x`ot cxam Lodao`zlbo/ Lo

@ogelzn% tn` oapo lz vpt bct`x vxaoapo bod jaeax ld`otlcljbtlao .vxaoapo ) jaeax )

oapo,% wnle` lo Lodao`zlbo tn` oapo lz vpt h`cax` jaeax ld`otlcljbtlao bod vxaoapo

.oapo ) jaeax ) vxaoapo,/

24

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8/:/:/0 Madpebtlao

Madpebtlao jaozlztz ac pzlog b vnxbz` tnbt lz dlcc`x`ot lo tn` zapxj` bod

tbxg`t ebogpbg`z ta jaos`| tn` zbm` ld`b/ Lt jnbog`z tn` valot ac sl`w% v`xzv`jtls`

ax tnapgnt ac tn` zapxj` ebogpbg`/

ZE; Lt lz oat jamveljbt`d ta pod`xztbod/

TE; Nbe lol mpdbn dlm`og`xtl/

Lo tnlz jbz`% waxd oat jamveljbt`d lz jnbog`d lota mpdbn/ Lt jnbog`z

o`gbtls` caxm lota vazltls` caxm/

ZE; N` nltz m`/

TE; Zb|b dlvpipe ae`n dlb/

Lo tnlz jbz`% tn`x` lz b jnbog` cxam bjtls` salj` lo zapxj` ebogpbg` lota

vbzzls` salj` lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/

8/:/:/3 @rplsbe`oj`

Slob| bod Dbxh`eo`t .2

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TE; E`vbz dbxl mpept nbxlmbp kbtpn i` mpept hpb|b/

Lo tnlz jbz`% tn` txbozebtax clodz tn` h`zt `rplsbe`ot waxdz ta txbozc`x tn`

m`bolog ac ZE wnljn lz bo ldlam lota bo ldlam lo TE/ Tn` ldlam lo TE nbz tn`

zbm` m`bolog wltn tn` ldlam lo ZE/ Oldb bod Tbh`x .2

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j/ txbozebtlog b t`~t h| zphztltptlog b clgpxbtls` `~vx`zzlao ac tn` zapxj`

ebogpbg`/ Cax `~bmve`9 Ilee twa hlxdz wltn ao` ztao` lz txbozebt`d lota

Z`ibel m`ogb|pn dpb tlgb vpebp t`xebmvbpl/

8/:/:/7 Bdbvtbtlao

Bdbvtbtlao ajjpxz wn o zam`tnlog zv`jlclj ta ao` ebogpbg` jpetpx` lz

`~vx zz`d lo b tatbee| dlcc x`ot wb| tnbt lz cbmlelbx ax bvvxavxlbt` ta boatn`x

ebogpbg` jpetpx`/ Lt lz b znlct lo jpetpxbe `oslxaom`ot/ Lt losaes`z jnboglog tn`

jpetpxbe x`c`x`oj` wn`o b zltpbtlao lo tn` zapxj` jpetpx` da`z oat `~lzt lo tn` tbxg`t

jpetpx`% hpt tn` TE nbz rplt` zlmlebx jaoj`vt/ Ipog cp lo Jnlo`z` lz txbozebt`d lota

Zlebt lo Lodao`zlbo9 Vlojna lo Zvbolzn lz txbozebt`d lota I`hbh lo @ogelzn9 bod

Jxlji`t lo @ogelzn lz txbozebt`d lota Tapx d` Cxboj` lo Cx`ojn/

8/:/:/> Jamv`ozbtlao

Lo g`o`xbe t`xmz jamv`ozbtlao jbo h` pz`d wn o zam`tnlog jbooat h`

txbozebt`d% bod tn` eazz ac m`bolog lz `~vx`zz`d zam`wn`x` `ez` lo tn` txbozebt`d

t`~t .O`wmbxi% 2>;

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MjMaxdl` .2, ztbt`z tnbt ldlamz nbs` tnx`` caxmz9 lo caxm ac waxd%

vnxbz` bod z`ot`oj`/ Ldlam lo caxm waxd pzpbee| pz`d lo jaot`~t ac z`ot`oj`% cax

`~bmve`; Dbzbxhpb|b% lhp z`odlxl dltlvpo|b/ Tn` haed waxd da`z oat m`bo bo

bolmbe jbee`d jxajadle`% hpt tn` hbd v`xzao/ Zam`tlm`z ldlam lo caxm ac waxd lz

oat pz`d lo z`ot`oj` hpt ta `~vx`zz maji`x| ax zjaedlog/

2>

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Ldlam lo caxm ac vnxbz` jbo h` jbt`gaxl{`d lota s`xh vnxbz` .`~; h`xt`vpi

z`h`ebn tbogbo% mblo ipjlog-ipjlogbo% m`opoggp boglo ebep% m`oggbel iphpxbo

z`odlxl% m`og`kbx wbitp bod m`m`jbnibo t`elogb,% oapo vnxbz` .`~; atbip dbog%

ibhbx boglo% ibil tbogbo% g`dpog v`ojbibx eboglt bod vbgbx h`tlz,% bdk`jtls`

vnxbz` .`~; mbep-mbep ipjlog% klobi-klobi m`xvbtl% nbogbt-nbogbt ipip bod dlbm

z`xlhp hbnbzb,% bod vx`vazltlaobe vnxbz` .`~; dl pkpog eldbn% dl btbz boglo bod dl

hbwbn pmpx,/ Ldlam lo caxm ac z`ot`oj` pzpbee| jbee`d zb|log .`~; blx zpzp dlhbebz

d`ogbo blx tphb% boklog m`oggaoggaog ibclebn h`xebep% tbi bdb gbdlog |bog tbi

x`tbi% wbitp bdbebn pbogbod taogibt m`mhbwb x`hbn,/

Tn` jamhlobtlao ac waxdz tnbt nbz vbxtljpebx m`bolog beza lojepd`d bz

ldlam .Jnb`x% 23; 26,/ Tn` `~bmve z ac tnlz ldlam bx` t`xdlxl btbz% z`zpbl

d`ogbo% h`xgbotpog i`vbdb/ Tnaz` waxdz bx` cl~`d jamhlobtlao wltn vbxtljpebx

m`bolog% bod tn` waxd axd`x jbooat h` jnbog`d/

8/:/3 Jaot`~t

Lo txbozebtlog ldlamz% b txbozebtax znaped pod`xztbod tn` jaot`~t/ Jaot`~t lz

tn` m`otbe ztxpjtpx` wnljn lz x`vx`z`ot`d cxam tn` zajlbe zltpbtlao tnbt lz x`e`sbot

cax tn` vxadpjtlao ax jamvx`n`ozlao ac dlzjapxz` .Dlki% 2

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Max`as`x% lt jbo n`ev ao` ta ioaw tn` m`bolog ac waxdz lt pz`z h| jaxx`ebtlog

tn`m/

G`o`xbee|% jaot`~t lz dlsld`d lota twa t|v`z; elogplztlj jaot`~t bod `~txb-

elogplztlj jaot`~t/ Elogplztlj jaot`~t lz tn` c`btpx`z ac ebogpbg` wnljn znaw tn`

x`ebtlaoznlv h`tw``o c`btpx`z bod `e`m`otz ax bzv`jtz ac tn` ebogpbg`/ Tn` `e`m`otz

ac elogplztlj jaot`~t jbo h` waxdz ax z`ot`oj`z/ Ao tn` atn`x nbod% `~txb-elogplztlj

jaot`~t lz tn` jaot`~t wnljn nbz jaxx`ebtlao wltn zltpbtlao/ H| pod`xztbodlog tn`

jaot`~t h`nlod bo ldlam% b txbozebtax wlee jamvx`n`od tn` jeaz`zt m`bolog ac tn`

ldlam/

JNBVT@X LLL

TN@ BOBE\ZLZ AC TN@ T@JNOLRP@Z PZ@D LO TXBOZEBTLOG

@OGELZN LDLAMBTLJ @^VX@ZZLAOZ LO@XBGAOOAS@EH\

JNXLZTAVN@X VBAELOL LOTA LODAO@ZLBO

86

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Lo tnlz jnbvt`x% tn` dbtb bx` bobe|{`d h| bvve|log tn` tn`axl`z lo txbozebtlao

`zv`jlbee| tn`axl z lo txbozebtlog ldlambtlj `~vx`zzlaoz bz vx`z`ot`d lo jnbvt`x twa/

Tn`x` bx` z`s`xbe t`jnolrp`z lo txbozebtlog tnbt jbo h` pz`d h| b txbozebtax ta

txbozebt b t`~t zpjn bz haxxawlog% jberp`% elt xbe txbozebtlao% txbozvazltlao%

madpebtlao% `rplsbe oj` bod bdbvtbtlao/ Tn` bobe|zlz lz blm`d bt clodlog tn`

t`jnolrp`z pz`d h| tn` txbozebtax ac@xbgao oas`e h| Jnxlztavn x Vbaelol lo

txbozebtlog zam` ldlambtlj `~vx`zzlaoz lo tn` oas`e/

Dbtpm 2

ZAPXJ@ EBOGPBG@ TBXG@T EBOGPBG@

Lt wbz tn` tnlxd olgnt ac tn` npot%

bod nlz caad wbz nbec gao`/ Lc n`

dld oat c`ee tn` da`% n` waped h`

caxj`d ta x`tpxo nam` wltn

`mvt|-nbod`d/ Nlz cbmle|

o``d`d tn` m`bt cax tn` xbvlde|

bvvxabjnlog wlot`x bod japed oat

bccaxd ta hp| lt lo Jbxsbnbee/

.v/

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h`jbpz` tn` jamhlobtlao ac tn` wnae` waxdz mbi`z tnlz vnxbz` jx`bt z tn` m`bolog

h`|aod tn` e`~ljbe caxmz/

@mvt|-nbod`d lz bo ldlam wnljn m`boz hxloglog oatnlog/ Lo

Lodao`zlbo% tn` txbozebtax txbozebt`z lt lota tbogbo iazaog/ Tn` t`jnolrp` pz`d h|

tn` txbozebtax lz txbozvazltlao/ Lo tnlz jbz`% tn` txbozebtax jnbog`z tn` waxd axd`x ac

`mvt|-nbod`d lota tbogbo iazaog/ Lo @ogelzn s`xzlao% waxd `mvt|% wnljn

nbz cpojtlao bz madlcl`x ac waxd nbod`d% lz vpt h`cax` wnbt lt lz madlcl`d/ Lo

jaotxbx| wltn tn` @ogelzn s`xzlao% lo Lodao`zlbo% tn` madlcl`x lz vpt bct`x wnbt lt lz

madlcl`d/

Lo zapxj` ebogpbg`% `mvt| bod nbod`d bx` z`vbxbt`d h| z|mhae .-,%

wnle` lo tbxg`t ebogpbg` lt lz oat o`j`zzbx| ta mbi` tn` zbm`/ Tbogbo iazaog lz

beza bo ldlam lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/ Tn` txbozebtax pz`z tn` `rplsbe`oj` ac jnboglog bo

ldlam lo zapxj` ebogpbg` lota bo ldlam lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/ Tn` zapxj` ebogpbg` lz

lo caxm ac vnxbz` .bdk`jtls` ) oapo, bod tn` tbxg`t ebogpbg` lz beza lo caxm ac

vnxbz` .oapo ) bdk`jtls`,/

88

ZE; `mvt| nbod`d

.iazaog, .tbogbo,

ZE TE

@mvt|-nbod`d Tbogbo iazaog

.ldlam, .ldlam,

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Dbtpm 8

ZAPXJ@ EBOGPBG@ TBXG@T EBOGPBG@

Gbxxaw vbxi`d tn` wbgao bod

vlji`t`d tn` naxz`z% tn`o dx`wjaloz cxam nlz vapjn/

G t |apxz`es`z zam` tx`btz/

Xaxbo% da wnbt |ap wbot% aoe| h`

bt Naxztz lo tlm` cax zpvv`x/

@xbgao% hxlog tnbt ztao` bod jam`

wltn m / @xbgao gxloo`d bt

Xaxbo bod vaji`t d tn` mao`|%

bex`bd| veboolog naw ta zv`od lt/

.v/ 23,

Gbxxaw m`mbxilx i`x tb dbo m`oglibt

ipdb-ipdb i` tlbog% ebep m`ogbmhleialo-ialo dbxl ibotaog/

H`xz`obog-z`obogebn/ Xaxbo% ebipibo

bvb |bog ibp logloibo% nbo|b zbkb ibp

nbxpz h`xbdb dl xpmbn Naxzt vbdb zbbt

mbibo mbebm/ @xbgao% hbwb hbtp ltp dbo

lipt bip/ @xbgao o|`oglx i`bxbn Xaxbo

dbo m`ogbotaogl pbogo|b% lb t ebn

m`mlelil x`ojbob potpi m`ognbhlzibo

pbog ltp/ .v/ :7,

Tn` zltpbtlao ac tnlz zj`o` lz tnbt Gbxxaw% Xaxbo bod @xbgao bxxls` lo b

mbxi`t ta hp| dble| o``dz/ Gbxxaw gls`z nlz zao bod @xbgao zam` mao`| ta hp|

bo|tnlog tn`| eli` bod bziz @xbgao ta jam` wltn nlm ta clod zam`ao` wna wbotz ta

hp| tn` m|zt`xlapz ztao`/ Gbxxaw gls`z tn`m zam` mao`| h| zb|log g`t

|apxz`es`z zam` tx`btz/ Lo tnlz jbz % tn` txbozebtax txbozebt z tnlz ldlam lota

h`xz`obog-z`obogebn/ Eaailog bt tn` jaot ~t wn`x` tn` zltpbtlao nbvv`oz%

Gbxxaw gls`z tn`m zam` mao`| lo axd`x ta mbi` tn`m nbvv| h| hp|log zam`tnlog/

Tnlz ldlam lz vpt lota t|v` aczltpbtlaoz% bjtlaoz ax `s`otz h`jbpz` lt lz bo bjtlao

ac axd`xlog zam`ao` lo caxm ac lmv`xbtls` z`ot`oj` .s`xh ) oapo ) madlcl`x )

oapo,/ Tn` txbozebtlao s`xzlao lz beza lo caxm ac lmv`xbtls` z`ot`oj` .s`xh,/

Zapxj` Ebogpbg`

S`xzlaoLc Elt`xbe Txbozebtlao

Tbxg`t Ebogpbg`

S`xzlao

G`t |apxz`es`z zam`

tx`btz/

Dbvbtibo dlxl ibelbo

h`h`xbvb zpgpnbo/

H`xz`obog-z`obogebn/

Tn` txbozebtax pz`z tn` txbozvazltlao t`jnolrp` h| jnboglog tn` e`~ljbe caxm

ac tn` waxdz lo zapxj` ebogpbg` lota tbxg`t ebogpbg`/ Lo txbozvazltlao% waxd jebzz%

8:

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waxd axd`x% e`~ljbe caxm bod z|otbjtljbe caxm mb| h` x`vebj`d lo axd`x ta mblotblo

tn` m`bolog ac zapxj` ebogpbg / Tn`x` lz oa waxd lo g`t |apxz`es`z zam` tx`btz

nbz tn` zbm` e`~ljbe caxm wltn h`xz`obog-z`obogebn lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/ Lc tn`

txbozebtax txbozebt`z lt elt`xbee| lota dbvbtibo dlxl ibelbo h`h`xbvb zpgpnbo% tn`

x`be m`bolog lz oat bjnl`s`d/ Txbozc`xxlog tn` m`bolog ac tnlz ldlam lz dao` h|

eaailog bt tn` jaot`~t ac zltpbtlao wn`o lt nbvv`oz bod clodlog tn` jeaz`zt m`bolog

ac tn` zltpbtlao lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/ Zloj` tn` jaot`~t x`ce`jtz tn` zltpbtlao ac glslog

zam` mao`|% tn` txbozebtlao ac g`t |apxz`es`z zam` tx`btz h jam z

h`xz`obog-z`obogebn/

G`t |apxz`es`z zam` tx`btz lz bo ldlam lo caxm ac lmv`xbtls` z`ot`oj`

wnljn lz txbozebt`d lota oaoldlam lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/ Lt pz`z tn` clxzt t|v` ac Oldb

bod Tbh`xz `rplsbe`oj` tnbt lz txbozebtlog cxam ldlam lota oaoldlam/

Dbtpm :

ZAPXJ@ EBOGPBG@ TBXG@T EBOGPBG@

Gbxxaw n`bd`d hbji ta Jbxsbnbee

wltn @xbgao txblelog h`nlod/

Wnbt da |ap tnloi1 bzi`d

@xbgao/ Lm galog ta g t max`

locaxmbtlao h`cax` L mbi` pv m|

mlod/ Tbi` tn` ztao` hbji ta tn`

Gbxxaw m`opkp Jbxsbnbe ebgl% dlliptl

@xbgao dl h ebibogo|b/ Hbgblmbob

v`odbvbtmp1 Tbo|b @xbgao/ Bip bibo

m`ojbxl locaxmbzl e`hln hbo|bi z`h`epm

m`ogbmhle i`vptpzbo/ I`mhbelibo

hbtp ltp i` i`x`tb% ebep ebipibo bvbvpo

84

ZE TE

G t |apxz es`z zam` tx btz H xz`obog-z`obogebn

.ldlam, .oaoldlam,

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wbgao% tn o da wnbt |ap wbot/

Lee m``t |ap cax dloo`x bt

Naxztz/ .v/2

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Cxam tn` clgpx` bhas`% tn` txbozebtax jnbog`z tn` e`~ljbe caxm ac zam`

e`~`m z/ Tnlz t`jnolrp` lz jbee d txbozvazltlao/ Lo tnlz jbz`% tn` txbozebtax ax

@xbgao oas e txbozebt z mbi` pv wnljn bjtpbee| m boz m`mhpbt lota

m`ogbmhle .lo @ogelzn = tbi`,/ Waxd m| lz amltt`d lo txbozebtlao s`xzlao

h`jbpz` lc tnlz waxd lz dxavv`d% tn` m bolog lz bex`bd| jbpgnt h| tn` x`bd x tnbt tn`

v`xzao wna wbotz ta mbi` d`jlzlao lz tn` ao` wna lz zv`bilog% Gbxxaw ac japxz /

H`zld`z tnbt% tn` txbozebtax jnbog`z tn` e`~ljbe caxm ac waxd mlod wnljn bjtpbee|

m`boz vlilxbo lota i`vptpzbo .lo @ogelzn = d`jlzlao,/

Lo tnlz jbz`% tn` `rplsbe`ot txbozcaxmbtlao lz jnboglog tn` ldlam ac zapxj`

ebogpbg` lota oaoldlam lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/

Dbtpm 4

ZAPXJ@ EBOGPBG@ TBXG@T EBOGPBG@

O`ltn x ac tn`m waped jbx` ta

nbs` b dxbgao bxapod/L japed

xblz` lt lo z`jx`t/ Lo b maotn ax

twa lt wlee h` taa ebxg` cax

Gbxxaw ta g`t xld ac% hpt wlee n`

bjj`vt lt1 .v/ 8>,

Tldbi zbtpvpo dbxl m`x`ib hbibe z`obog

d`ogbo i`nbdlxbo obgb dl d`ibt m`x`ib/

Bip hlzb m`m elnbxbo|b dlbm-dlbm/

Dbebm wbitp zbtp btbp dpb hpebo obgb

ltp bibo t xebep h`zbx potpi hlzb

dlzlogilxibo Gbxxaw% tbvl bvbibn lb

83

ZE TE

Mbi` pv m| mlod M`ogbmhle i`vptpzbo

.ldlam, .oaoldlam,

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bibo m`o`xlmbo|b1 .v/ 07,

Tn`z` z`ot`oj z bx` tn` d`zjxlvtlao ac @xbgaoz mlod/ N` lz waxxl d

h`jbpz` Hxamz zb|z tnbt b dxbgao jbo gxaw hlgg x tnbo b napz / Tn`x` lz oahad|

ioawz bhapt tn` vx`z`oj` ac b dxbgao lo tn` tawo `~j`vt @xbgao/ @xbgao wbotz ta

i``v lt potle tn` dxbgao gxawz hlgg`x bod lt jbo g`t zam` caad cax ltz`ec/ N` nav`z

tnbt lc tn` dxbgao gxawz hlgg`x% Gbxxaw wlee beeaw nlm ta i``v lt/ Tn`x` lz bo ldlam

bvv`bx`d lo tnlz zbmve`% g`t xld ac/ Lt lz b ilod aczltpbtlaoz% bjtlaoz bod `s`otz

h`jbpz` tnlz ldlam z|mhael{`z bo bjtlao ac zam`ao`/ Tn` zapxj` ebogpbg` lz lo

caxm ac vnxbz` .s`xh ) s`xh )vx`vazltlao, wnle` tn` tbxg`t ebogpbg` lz lo caxm ac

zloge` waxd .s`xh,/

Zapxj` Ebogpbg`

S`xzlao

Lc Elt`xbe

Txbozebtlao

Madlcl`dElt`xbe

Txbozebtlao

Tbxg`t Ebogpbg`

S`xzlaog`t xld ac m`odbvbt h`hbz

dbxl

m`o|logilxibo dlzlogilxibo

Hbz`d ao ldlam dljtlaobx| h| Vxlmbv`ob T`bm `otlte`d Ibmpz Ldlam @dlzl

E`ogibv .8664; 80

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Dbtpm 0

ZAPXJ@ EBOGPBG@ TBXG@T EBOGPBG@

Tn` clgpx z zeawe| habxd`d tn`

s`zz`e9 twa ac tn`m% tbee`x tnbo tn`

x`zt% wbei bxm lo bxm/ Tn`lx

cbj`z w`x` ahzjpx`d h| jawez% hpt

n` japed t`ee tn` ao` wbz b

wam`o/ .v/ 07,

Zazai-zazai ltp v`xebnbo obli i` ibvbe9

dpb dl bobtbxbo|b% e`hln kbogipog

dbxlvbdb |bog eblo% h`xkbebo

h`xgbod`ogbo tbogbo/ Wbkbn m x`ib

t`xz`mhpo|l i`xpdpog% tbvl lb hlzb

m`elnbt zbebn zbtpo|b wboltb/ .v/ 268,

Tnlz lz tn` d`zjxlvtlao ac zltpbtlao wn`o @xbgao wbeiz zeawe| ao b ztx``t/

Tn` tawo% wn`x` n` nbz els`d lo% lz cpee ac mbzz bod zmai` bct`x tn` vx`z`oj` ac

pge| jx`btpx`z jbee`d Pxgbez/ @xbgao z``z tn`x` bx` mbo| v`ave` wna wbot ta nbs`

mlgxbtlao ta boatn x tawo wnljn lz zbc`x tnbo tnlz tawo/ Tn`| zeawe| habxdz ta tn`

s`zz`e/ @xbgao z``z twa v`xzaoz wna wbei tag`tn`x bod naed tn`lx nbodz `bjn atn`x/

Tn` wxlt`x ac tnlz oas`e pz`z bo ldlam bxm lo bxm ta d`zjxlh` tn` zltpbtlao ac

twa jx`btpx`z wna bx` wbeilog ta tn` s`zz`e/ Tnlz ldlam lz jbt`gaxl{`d lota t|v` ac

zltpbtlaoz% bjtlaoz bod `s`otz/ Tn` zapxj` ebogpbg` lz lo caxm ac vnxbz` .oapo )

vx`vazltlao ) oapo, bod tn` tbxg`t ebogpbg` lz beza lo caxm ac vnxbz` .s`xh ) oapo,/

Zapxj` Ebogpbg`

S`xzlaoLc Elt`xbe Txbozebtlao

Tbxg`t Ebogpbg`

S`xzlao

Bxm lo bxm E`ogbo dbebm e`ogbo H`xgbod`ogbo tbogbo

Hbz`d ao Ibmpz Ldlam @dlzl E`ogibv .8664; 0:,% bxm lo bxm m`boz

Tn` txbozebtax txbozebt`z tnlz ldlambtlj `~vx`zzlao lota h`xgbod`ogbo tbogbo/

Txbozvazltlao t`jnolrp` lz pz`d lo tnlz txbozebtlao/ Tn` txbozebtax jnbog`z tn` wnae`

8>

ZE TE

G`t xld ac Dlzlogilxibo

.ldlam, .oaoldlam,

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e`~ljbe caxmz ac bxm lo bxm lo axd`x ta mbi` lt bjj`vtbhe` lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/

Txbozebtlog tnlz ldlam jbooat h` dao` elt`xbee| lota e`ogbo dbebm e`ogbo h`jbpz`

tn` x`bd`x jbooat jbtjn tn` x`be m`bolog ac tnlz `~vx`zzlao% za tnbt tn` txbozebtax

mbi`z bo `rplsbe`ot txbozebtlao cax bxm lo bxm lota h`xgbod`ogbo tbogbo/

H`xgbod`ogbo tbogbo lz bo ldlam h`jbpz` tn` twa waxdz bx` vblxz tnbt jbooat

h` vpt z`vbxbt`e|/

Zloj` tnlz ldlam lz txbozebt`d lota h`xgbod`ogbo tbogbo wnljn lz beza bo

ldlam lo Lodao`zlbo% tn` t|v` ac `rplsbe`oj` capod n`x` lz txbozebtlog bo ldlam lota

ldlam/

Dbtpm 3

ZAPXJ@ EBOGPBG@ TBXG@T EBOGPBG@Wn`x`z Gbxxaw1

G`xtxpd` dxbgg`d tn` jnblx jeaz`

ta tn` h`d/ As`x bt Naxztz/ Tn`x`

wbzot `oapgn xaam ta i``v hatn

ac |ap n`x`/ Bod e`t m` t`ee |ap%

ltz i`vtm` ao m| ta`z% nbslog ta

xpo hbji bod caxtn% jn jilog ta

z` lc tn` twa ac |ap w`x bee

xlgnt/ .v/ 32,

Dl mbob Gbxxaw1

G`xtxpd` m`o|`x`t ipxzl e`hln d`ibt i`

xbokbog/ Dl xpmbn Naxzt/ Tldbi jpipv

t`mvbt dl zlol potpi m`obmvpog ibelbo

h`xdpb/ Dbo hlbx ip h`xltbnp% bip kbdl

jbv`i% ibx`ob t`xvbizb maodbx-mbodlx%

m`m`xlizb bvbibn ibelbo h`xdpb hbli-

hbli zbkb/ .v/ 26:,

Tnlz lz b jaos`xzbtlao h`tw``o G`xtxpd` bod @xbgao/ @xbgao nbz ze`vt cax

twa db|z bod G`xtxpd` lz tn` ao` wna eaai bct`x nlm/ Wn`o @xbgao bwbi`z%

G`xtxpd` `~vebloz tnbt Gbxxaw lz lo Naxztz napz` h`jbpz` n`x napz` da`z oat nbs`

`oapgn xaam ta i``v hatn @xbgao bod Gbxxaw/ Tn`x` lz bo ldlam zvai`o h|

G`xtxpd` ta @xbgao/ Zn` zb|z% ltz i`vt m` ao m| ta`z% nbslog ta xpo hbji bod

caxtn/ Hbz`d ao Ibmpz Ldlam @dlzl E`ogibv .8664; :>7,% bo ldlam ta h` ao

80,% tbi` lt `bz| m`boz t`obog ax kbogbo g`elzbn/ Tn` zapxj`

ebogpbg` lz lo caxm ac vnxbz` .s`xh )vxaoapo ) bdk`jtls`, bod tn` tbxg`t ebogpbg`

lz lo caxm ac vnxbz` .s`xh ) bdk`jtls` ) madlcl`x,/

:2

ZE; tbi` lt `bz|

.bmhle, .lol, .mpdbn,

TE; h`x bebo zbotbl ) zb b

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Lo txbozebtlog tbi` lt `bz|% tn` txbozebtax jnbog`z tn` caxm h| pzlog

txbozvazltlao t`jnolrp`/ Tn` txbozebtax pz`z waxdz wnljn nbs` dlcc`x`ot e`~ljbe caxm

wltn zapxj` ebogpbg`/ Waxd tbi`% wnljn bjtpbee| m`boz m`ogbmhle% h`jam`z

h`xkbebo .lo @ogelzn = wbei,/ Waxd lt lo tnlz ldlam lz dxavv`d h| tn` txbozebtax

h`jbpz` lt nbz oa cpojtlao ta h` txbozebt`d/ Tn` o`~t waxd lz `bz|% wnljn bjtpbee|

m`boz mpdbn% hpt tn` txbozebtax d`jld`z ta txbozcaxm tnlz caxm lota zbotbl .lo

@ogelzn = x`eb~,/ Tn` ebzt jnbog` jbo h` z``o tnbt tn` txbozebtax bddz waxd zbkb

wn`x`bz tn`x` lz oa waxd aoe| lo zapxj` ebogpbg`/ Tn` txbozebtax bddz tnlz waxd

lo tbxg`t ebogpbg` ta d`zjxlh` tnbt lt lz b zaeptlao cxam Hxam ta mbi` @xbgaoz e`gz

c``e oa npxt bo|max`/

Tn` `rplsbe`oj` wnljn lz mbd` h| tn` txbozebtax lo txbozebtlog tbi` lt

`bz| lz jbt`gaxl{`d lota tn` clxzt t|v` lo txbozebtlog ldlam hbz`d ao Oldb bod

Tbh`x/

Dbtpm >

ZAPXJ@ EBOGPBG@ TBXG@T EBOGPBG@

W` bx` h`jamlog max` vaw`xcpe%

@xbgao% hatn ac pz/ Zaao oa ao`

wlee h` bhe` ta ztbod lo apx awo

elgnt/

\`z% hpt wnljn wb| znbee w`

jnaaz`1

Iltb m`okbdl e`hln ipbt% @xbgao% iltb

h`xdpb/ Tldbi ebmb ebgl tbi bdb |bog

hlzb m`ognbebogl iltb/

\b% tbvl kbebo mbob |bog bibo iltb

vleln1

Mbob vpo |bog iltb logloibo/ .v/ 23>,

:8

ZE TE

Tbi` lt bz| H`xkbebo zbotbl zbkb

.ldlam, .oaoldlam,

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Wnljn`s`x ao` w` wbot/ .v/260,

Tnlz lz tn` jaos`xzbtlao h`tw``o Zbvnlxb bod @xbgao/ Tn`| tbei bct`x Hxam

gls`z tn`m `~vebobtlao bhapt mbglj zv`ee/ @xbgao nbz ta e`bxo max` bhapt tnbt lc n`

wbotz ta h`jam` max` vaw`xcpe ta d`c`bt tn` jxlm`/ Wltn b dxbgao h`zld` nlm% lt

wlee `bz` nlm ta ga wn`x`s`x n` wbotz/ Tn`| hatn% @xbgao bod Zbvnlxb% wlee h`

ztxaog`x bz eaog bz tn`| bx` tag`tn`x/ Tn`x` lz bo ldlam zbld h| Zbvnlxb ta n`x

mbzt`x% @xbgao/ Zn` zb|z tnbt Zaao oa ao` wlee h` bhe` ta ztbod lo apx awo

elgnt/ Tn` haed waxdz bx` bo ldlam wnljn m`boz m`okbdl nbebogbo hbgl iltb

.Ibmpz Ldlam @dlzl E`ogibv% 8664; 43

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wnbt tn`| eas` ta da/ Tn` txbozebtax jnbog`z tn` ldlam lo zapxj` ebogpbg` lota

oaoldlam lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/

Dbtpm 2,

Tn`z` z`ot`oj`z bx` zvai`o h| b mbo obm`d Tx`sax wna waxiz bz tn`

z`jpxlt| lo b tawo wn`x` @xbgao bod Hxam tbi` b x`zt bct`x xldlog cax napxz/

Oaxmbee|% zam`ao` gx`btz tn` o`w jam`xz h| znbilog nbodz% hpt tn` mbo da`z oat

da zpjn wb| h`jbpz` tn` jaodltlao ac tn` tawo lz oat zbc` bo|max`/ Tnlz x`bzao

mbi`z nlm i``v dlztboj` cxam @xbgao bod Hxam% hpt n` ztlee cpeclez nlz dpt| bz b

z`jpxlt| h| bzilog wn`x` tn` o`w jam`x jam` cxam/

Znbi` ao`z nbod lz bo ldlam lo @ogelzn/ Tnlz vnxbz` nbz zloge` m`bolog

tnbt lz bo `~vx`zzlao ac gx``tlog zam`ao` h| naedlog nlz ax n`x nbod/ Lo

Ibmpz Ldlam @dlzl E`ogibv .8664; 44

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Tn` clgpx` bhas` d`zjxlh`z tnbt tn`x` lz txbozvazltlao t`jnolrp` dao` h| tn`

txbozebtax/ Clxzt lz tn` jnbog` ac e`~ljbe caxm ac waxd znbi`% wnljn m`boz

mboggaojbog% lota m`okbhbt .lo @ogelzn = naed,/ Boatn`x txbozvazltlao lz

z``o lo vnxbz` |apx nbod tnbt lz txbozebt`d lota tbogbo ibelbo lo Lodao`zlbo/

Tn`x` lz b jnbog` ac waxd axd`x tnbt lo Lodao`zlbo% tn` vazz`zzls` vxaoapo lz vpt

bct`x tn` oapo% wnle` lo @ogelzn% tn` jaodltlao lz lo jaotxbx|/ Tn` txbozebtax jnbog`z

tn` caxm ac ldlam lo zapxj` ebogpbg` lota ldlam lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/ Lo zapxj`

ebogpbg`% tnlz ldlam lz jbt`gaxl{`d lota t|v` aczltpbtlaoz% bjtlaoz bod `s`otz tnbt

z|mhael{`z bo bjtlao/ Lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`% m`okbhbt tbogbo lz b cl~`d vblx/

Dbtpm 26

ZAPXJ@ EBOGPBG@ TBXG@T EBOGPBG@

Zbvnlxb zwpog n x n bd as`x

@xbgao potle tn`| w`x` `|` ta `|`/

N` zrplxm`d pod`x n`x

powbs`xlog gebx`/ .v/ 220,

Zbvnlxb m`ogb|poibo i`vbebo|b i`

@xbgao nloggb m`x`ib h`xbdp vbodbog

dbxl kbxbi |bog zbogbt d`ibt/ @xbgao

m`ogg elbt-g`elbt dl hbwbn tbtbvbo

Zbvnlxb |bog tldbi t`xga|bnibo/ .v/ 2>0,

:0

ZE; znbi` |apx nbod

.m`oggaojbog, .ibelbo, .tbogbo,

ZE TE

Znbi` |apx nbod M`okbhbt tbogbo ibelbo

.ldlam, .ldlam,

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Tn z` z`ot`oj`z bx` tn` zltpbtlao h`tw``o @xbgao bod Zbvnlxb/ Zbvnlxb

wbotz ta tbei ta @xbgao z`xlapze|/ Zn` zwlogz n`x n`bd as`x @xbgao tnbt mbi`z tn`lx

`|`z jeaz`x/ Tn` wxlt x ac@xbgao oas`e d`zjxlh`z tnlz zltpbtlao lo ldlambtlj

`~vx`zzlao wnljn z|mhael{`z b zltpbtlao9 lt lz `|` ta `|`/ Tn` txbozebtax txbozebt`z

tnlz `~vx`zzlao lota h`xbdp vbodbog dbxl kbxbi |bog zbogbt d`ibt/ Tnlz ldlam

lz b t|v` aczltpbtlaoz% bjtlaoz bod `s`otz tnbt z|mhael{`z zltpbtlao ac bo `s`ot/

Tn` zapxj` ebogpbg` lz lo caxm ac vnxbz` .oapo ) vx`vazltlao ) oapo, wnle` tn`

tbxg`t ebogpbg` lz lo caxm ac max` jamve`~ vnxbz` .s`xh ) oapo ) vx`vazltlao )

oapo ) madlcl`x) bdk`jtls`,/

Zapxj` Ebogpbg`

S`xzlaoLc Elt`xbe Txbozebtlao

Tbxg`t Ebogpbg`

S`xzlao

@|` ta |` Mbtb potpi mbtb

H`xbdp vbodbog dbxl

kbxbi |bog zbogbt

d`ibt

Tnlz ldlam jbooat h` txbozebt`d elt`xbee| lota mbtb potpi mbtb h`jbpz`

tn` m`bolog lz oat je`bx/ Tn` txbozebtax pz`z txbozvazltlao h| jnboglog tn` wnae`

e`~ljbe caxmz ac `|` ta `|` lota h`xbdp vbodbog dbxl kbxbi |bog zbogbt

d`ibt/ Tn`x` lz oa waxd lo `|` ta `|` wnljn nbz tn` zbm` e`~ljbe caxm wltn tn`

txbozebtlao s`xzlao/ Wnbt mbi`z tn` txbozebtlao h`jam` h`xbdp vbodbog dbxl

kbxbi |bog zbogbt d`ibt lz tn` jaot`~t/ @|` ta `|` lz b zltpbtlao wn`x` @xbgao

bod Zbvnlxb eaai d``v lota `bjn atn`x lo jeaz` dlztboj`/ Tnlz ldlam lz pzpbee| m`bot

h`xbdp vbodbog% hpt tn` txbozebtax da`z bo `~txb bddltlao h| bddlog dbxl kbxbi

|bog zbogbt d`ibt lo axd`x ta d zjxlh` tn` zltpbtlao je bxe|/ Tnlz ldlam lz

txbozebt`d lota oaldlam lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`% za lt lz jbt`gaxl{`d bz `rplsbe`oj` lo

txbozebtlog ldlam ta oaoldlam/

:3

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Dbtpm 22

ZAPXJ@ EBOGPBG@ TBXG@T EBOGPBG@

Lz tnbt x`bee| o`j`zzbx|1 N`

d`mbod`d/ Zn` heloi`d/ S`x|

w`ee/ Ljxazz m| n`bxt tnbt L wlee

ce| wltn |ap tamaxxaw/ Zbtlzcl`d1L bm jaot`ot/ .v/ 286,

Bvbibn v`xep1 Tbo|bo|b/ Zbvnlxb

m`og`xkbvibo mbtb/ Hbliebn/ Bip

h`xkboklbibo t`xhbog h`xzbmbmp h`zai/

Vpbz1Bip vpbz/ .2>3,

Tnlz lz tn` jaos`xzbtlao h`tw``o @xbgao bod Zbvnlxb/ Zbvnlxb bziz @xbgao

ta vxbjtlj` ao xldlog n`x/ @xbgao c``ez bcxbld bhapt dalog tnbt bjtlslt|/ Zloj` @xbgao

bewb|z d`ol`z Zbvnlxbz wleelogo`zz% bt tnlz tlm` zn` caxj`z @xbgao h| vlojnlog nlm

wltn n`x tbeaoz bod vxamlz`z ta x`e`bz` nlm lc @xbgao bgx``z ta xld` n`x tamaxxaw/

Bt ebzt @xbgao bgx``z ta da tnbt/ Zbvnlxb wbotz nlm ta mbi` b vxamlz`% tn`o @xbgao

bgx``z lt h| zb|log bo ldlam L jxazz m| n`bxt ta Zbvnlxb lo axd`x ta mbi` n`x

h`el`s` tnbt n` wlee oat el`/ Tnlz ldlam lz vpt lota t|v` ac zltpbtlaoz% bjtlaoz bod

`s`otz tnbt z|mhael{ z bo bjtlao/ Tn` zapxj` ebogpbg` lz lo caxm ac vnxbz` .s`xh )

vxaoapo ) oapo, wnle` tn` tbxg`t lz lo caxm ac zloge` waxd .s`xh,/

Zapxj` Ebogpbg`S`xzlao

Lc Elt`xbe Txbozebtlao Tbxg`t Ebogpbg`S`xzlao

Jxazz m| n`bxt M`o|lebog nbtlip H`xkbokl

Tn` txbozebtax pz`z tn` txbozvazltlao t`jnolrp` ta txbozebt` jxazz m| n`bxt

lota h`xkbokl/ Tn` txbozebtax jnbog`z tn` wnae` e`~ljbe caxmz lo zapxj` ebogpbg`

lota tbxg`t ebogpbg`/ Waxd jxazz wnljn bjtpbee| m`boz m`o|lebog lz jnbog`d

lota h`xkbokl .lo @ogelzn = vxamlz`,/ Vnxbz` m| n`bxt lz oat txbozebt`d lo

:7

ZE TE

@|` ta |` H`xbdp vbodbog dbxl

kbxbi |bog zbogbt d`ibt

d am oao d am

7/23/2019 5 REVISED SKRIPSI About Translation

38/55

tbxg t ebogpbg / Tn` txbozcaxmbtlao ac tnlz ldlam lz capod bz oaoldlam lo

Lodao`zlbo/

Dbtpm 28

ZAPXJ@ EBOGPBG@ TBXG@T EBOGPBG@

@xbgao taed Zbvnlxb%\ap znaped

ebod zam`wn`x` oaw bod nld`/

W`x` galog lo/

Ztljilog |apx oaz` wn x` lt

da`zot h eaog/ Bgblo%zn` zbld

zapxe|/.v/ 287,

@xbgao m`mh`xltbnp Zbvnlxb%Ibp nbxpz

m`odbxbt dbo h`xz`mhpo|l z`ibxbog/

Ibml bibo mbzpi/

M`ogpzli bvb |bog hpibo nbimp/

Z`ibel ebgl% ibtb Zbvnlxb mbzbm/

.v/ 86:,

Tnlz lz tn` jaos`xzbtlao h`tw``o @xbgao bod nlz dxbgao/ Tn` zltpbtlao lz

wn`o @xbgao% Hxam bod Zbvnlxb bx` galog ta `ot`x b jlt| wnljn nbz gpbxd`d h|

zam` gpbxdz/ @xbgao axd`xz Zbvnlxb ta ebod bod nld` h`jbpz` n` da`z oat wbot nlz

dxbgao lz z``o h| atn`xz/ Zbvnlxb lz bogx| wltn @xbgaoz axd`x h`jbpz` tn`x` bx` taa

mbo| v`ave tnbt jbo nbxm nlm/ N`x jbx` lz znawo h| zb|log; ztljilog |apx oaz`

wn`x` lt da`zot h`eaog/ Tn` haed waxdz bx` bo ldlambtlj `~vx`zzlao/ Tnlz ldlam lz

jebzzlcl`d lota t|v` aczltpbtlaoz% bjtlaoz bod `s`otz tnbt z|mhael{`z bo bjtlao/ Tn`

zapxj` ebogpbg` lz lo caxm ac jebpz` .g`xpod s`xh ) vxaoapo ) oapo, wnle` tn`

tbxg`t ebogpbg` lz lo caxm ac zloge` waxd .s`xh,/

Zapxj` Ebogpbg`

S`xzlaoLc Elt`xbe Txbozebtlao

Tbxg`t Ebogpbg`

S`xzlao

Ztljilog |apx oaz` M`o`mv`eibo nldpogmp M`ogpzli

:>

ZE TE

Jxazz m| n`bxt H`xkbokl

ldlam oaoldlam

7/23/2019 5 REVISED SKRIPSI About Translation

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Hbz`d ao Eloggb .8667; 8:8,% ta ztlji ao`z oaz` m`boz lipt jbmvpx

ax m`ojbmvpxl/ Lo tnlz jbz`% tn` txbozebtax ac@xbgao oas`e txbozebt`z ztljilog

|apx oaz` lota m`ogpzli/ Tn` txbozebtax pz`z txbozvazltlao t`jnolrp` ta jnbog`

tn` e`~ljbe caxmz lo zapxj` ebogpbg` lo axd`x ta h` m`bologcpe lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/ Lt

wlee h` mlzpod`xztaad lc lt lz txbozebt`d elt`xbee| lota m`o`mv`eibo nldpogmp/

Tn` x`bd`xz jbooat jbtjn tn` lot`otlao ac tn` wxlt`x wn`o x`bd m`o`mv`eibo

nldpogmp% hpt tn`| jbo pod`xztbod lc tn` txbozebtlao ac ztljilog |apx oaz` lz

m`ogpzli/ M`ogpzli nbz zlmlebx m`bolog wltn m`ojbmvpxl lo Lodao`zlbo/

Txbozebtlog tnlz ldlam lz dao` h| jnboglog tn` ldlam lota oaoldlam lo Lodao`zlbo/

Dbtpm 2:

ZAPXJ@ EBOGPBG@ TBXG@T EBOGPBG@

Jamvbx d ta apx x`j`vtlao bt

Dbx`t% w`s` h``o w`ejam`dwltn

av`o bxmz/ V`xnbvz T lxm nbz

`zjbv`d oatlj` h| tn` Pxgbez%

tnapgnt @xbgao/

.v/ 28>,

Ibebp dlhbodlogibo d`ogbo zbmhptbo

|bog ibml t`xlmb dl Dbx`t% dl zlol hae`n

dlibtbibo ibml dlzbmhpt d`ogbo

tbogbo t`xhpib/ Mpogilo T`lxm

dle`wbtibo vbxb Pxgbe% vlilx @xbgao/ .v/

860,

Tnlz zltpbtlao bvv`bxz lo @xbgaoz mlod wn`o n` bod Hxam `ot`x b jlt|

obm`d T`lxm cax tn` clxzt tlm`/ @xbgao jamvbx`z wnbt n` c``ez lo Dbx`t bod T`lxm/

:4,% nbog ao`z n`bd m`boz

m`xbzb mbep d`ogbo m`opodpiibo i`vbeb/ Tnlz ldlam lz vpt lota t|v` ac

zltpbtlaoz% bjtlaoz bod `s`otz tnbt z|mhael{`z bo bjtlao/ Tn` zapxj` ebogpbg` lz lo

caxm ac vnxbz` .s`xh )vxaoapo ) oapo, wnle` tn` tbxg`t lz lo caxm ac zloge` waxd

.s`xh,/

Tn` txbozebtax pz`z txbozvazltlao ta jnbog` tn` e`~ljbe caxm ac waxd npog

wnljn bjtpbee| m`boz m`oggbotpog lota m`opodpi .lo @ogelzn = haw,/

Tn`x` lz b vxaj`zz ac dxavvlog zam` waxdz% cax nlz bod n`bd/ Lo tnlz jbz`% tn`

txbozebtax amltz tnaz` twa waxdz h`jbpz` lt lz oat o`j`zzbx| ta txbozebt` tn`m/ Lc lt lz

txbozebt`d lota m`opodpiibo i`vbebo|b% lt zapodz x`dpodboj|% h`jbpz` bo

bjtlao ac m`opodpi lz dao` h| i`vbebo|b/

Zapxj` Ebogpbg`

S`xzlaoLc Elt`xbe Txbozebtlao

Tbxg`t Ebogpbg`

S`xzlao

Npog nlz n`bd M`oggbotpog i`vbebo|b M`opodpi

Tnlz ldlam jbooat h` txbozebt`d elt`xbee| lota m`oggbotpog i`vbebo|b

h`jbpz` tn` x`bd`xz jbo h` mlzpod`xztaad/ Txbozebtlog zpjn wb| jbo mbi`

4:

ZE; npog nlz n`bd

.m`oggbotpog, .o|b, .i`vbeb,

7/23/2019 5 REVISED SKRIPSI About Translation

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bmhlgplt|% wn`tn`x tn` n`bd lz npog ta h` ilee`d ax zam`tnlog `ez`/ Tn` txbozebtax

jnbog`z tnlz ldlam lota oaoldlam lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/

Dbtpm 23

ZAPXJ@ EBOGPBG@ TBXG@T EBOGPBG@

\ap bx` oa max` tnbo b ztxb| botta nlm/ \`t n` nbz d`jx``d tnbt

|ap znbee h` hxapgnt h`cax` nlm%

bels`/ Tbi` n`bxt tnbt |ap nbs`

h`jam` waxtn| ac zpjn oatlj`"

.v/ 272,

Ibp tldbi e`hln dbxlvbdb z`mpt t`xz`zbthbglo|b/ Tbvl lb zpdbn m`mptpzibo ibp

nbxpz dlhbwb i` nbdbvboo|b% dbebm

i`bdbbo nldpv/ H`xz|pipxebn hbnwb

ibp eb|bi m`odbvbt v`xnbtlbo z`h zbx

ltp" .v/ 833,

Tn`z` z`ot`oj`z bx` zvai`o h| bo Pxgbe/ Ilog Gbehbtaxl~ z`odz tn` Pxgbez

ta jbtjn @xbgao tag`tn`x wltn nlz dxbgao/ Tn` Pxgbez bx` maozt`xz tnbt bx` jx`bt`d

h| b Znbd % tn` Ilogz n`ojnmbo/ Lo tnlz jbz`% tn` Pxgbez m``t @xbgao bod Hxam

bod bzi @xbgao ta m``t tn`lx e`bd`x/ Tn`x` lz bo ldlambtlj `~vx`zzlao zvai`o h| tn`

Pxgbe ta @xbgao wn`o zb|z% Tbi` n`bxt tnbt |ap nbs` h`jam` waxtn| ac zpjn

oatlj`" tn` haed waxdz bx` ldlam wnljn m`boz h`xz`mbogbt ax h`xh`zbx nbtl

.Eloggb% 8667; 88>,/ Tnlz ldlam lz jebzzlcl`d lota t|v` ac zltpbtlaoz% bjtlaoz bod

`s`otz tnbt z|mhael{ z bo bjtlao/ Tn` zapxj` ebogpbg` lz lo caxm ac vnxbz` .s`xh )

oapo, wnle` tn` tbxg`t ebogpbg` lz lo caxm ac zloge` waxd .s`xh,/

Zapxj` Ebogpbg`

S`xzlaoLc Elt`xbe Txbozebtlao

Tbxg`t Ebogpbg`

S`xzlao

Tbi` n`bxt M`ogbmhle nbtl H`xz|pipxebn

/

44

ZE TE

Npog nlz n`bd M`opodpi

7/23/2019 5 REVISED SKRIPSI About Translation

45/55

Tbi` n`bxt bz bo ldlam jbooat h` txbozebt`d elt`xbee| h`jbpz` tn` m`bolog

wlee h` bmhlgpapz/ Lc lt lz txbozebt`d elt`xbee|% lt h`jam`z m`ogbmhle nbtl/ Tn`

x`bd`x mb| h` jaocpz`d wn`o x`bdz tnlz txbozebtlao/ Lt jbo h` d`clo`d bz bo bjtlao ac

tx|log ta bttxbjt ao`z n`bxt/ Lo tnlz jbz`% tn` Pxgbe bziz @xbgao ta h` nbvv| ta m``t

nlz e`bd`x h`jbpz` oa ao` jbo m``t nlm `~j`vt cax tn` mazt lmvaxtbot v`xzao% bod

@xbgao oaw tbi`z b jnboj` ta da tnbt/

Jaozld`xlog tn` jaot`~t% tn` txbozebtax pz`z txbozvazltlao h| jnboglog tn`

e`~ljbe caxm ac tbi` n`bxt lo @ogelzn lota h`xz|pipxebn lo Lodao`zlbo/ Tn`

txbozebtax mbi`z bo `rplsbe oj` ta txbozebt tnlz ldlam lota oaoldlam lo tbxg`t

ebogpbg`/

Dbtpm 27

ZAPXJ@ EBOGPBG@ TBXG@T EBOGPBG@

Tn`| dxbgg`d Hxam ta tn` j`ot`x

ac tn` jbmv bod hxapgnt nlm ta

nlz io` z/ Hxam zbgg`d ta ao`

zld`/ @xbgao wbtjn`d wltn

gxawlog c`bx/.v/ 2

7/23/2019 5 REVISED SKRIPSI About Translation

46/55

m`mbizb z`z`axbog m`o|`xbn ax m`mhpbt z`z`axbog h`xt`ipi eptpt/ Tnlz

ldlam lz vpt lota t|v` aczltpbtlaoz% bjtlaoz bod `s`otz tnbt z|mhael{ z bo bjtlao/

Tn` zapxj` ebogpbg` lz lo caxm ac vnxbz` .s`xh )vxaoapo )vx`vazltlao )vxaoapo

) oapo, bod tn` tbxg`t ebogpbg` lz beza lo caxm ac vnxbz` .s`xh )vxaoapo ) s`xh,/

Tn` txbozebtax pz`z tn` txbozvazltlao t`jnolrp` h| jnboglog zam` e`~ljbe

caxmz cxam zapxj` ebogpbg` lota tbxg`t ebogpbg`/ Tn` txbozebtax ac tnlz oas`e

jnbog`z waxd hxapgnt wnljn clxzte| m`boz m`mhbwb lota m`mbizb .lo

@ogelzn = caxj`,/ Boatn`x txbozvazltlao lz pz`d lo jnboglog b vnxbz` ta nlz io``z

.lo Lodao`zlb = vbdb eptpto|b, lota h`xeptpt .lo @ogelzn = ta io``e,/

Zapxj` Ebogpbg`

S`xzlaoLc Elt`xbe Txbozebtlao

Tbxg`t Ebogpbg`

S`xzlao

Hxapgnt nlm ta nlz

io``zM`mhbwbo|b vbdb eptpto|b M`mbizbo|b h xeptpt

Lc tnlz ldlam lz txbozebt`d elt`xbee| lota m`mhbwbo|b vbdb eptpto|b% tn`

lot`od`d m`bolog ac tn` wxlt`x jbooat h` bjnl`s`d h| tn` x`bd`x h`jbpz` lt zapodz

oat obtpxbe/ Tn` txbozebtax d`jld`z ta jnbog` hxapgnt nlm ta nlz io``z lota

m`mbizbo|b h`xeptpt wnljn lz oat bo ldlam lo Lodao`zlbo/

Dbtpm 2>

43

ZE; hxapgnt nlm ta nlz io``z

.m`mhbwb, .o|b, .vbdb eptpto|b,

ZE TE

Hxapgnt nlm ta nlz io` z M`mbizbo|b h xeptpt

7/23/2019 5 REVISED SKRIPSI About Translation

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ZAPXJ@ EBOGPBG@ TBXG@T EBOGPBG@

@s`x|tnlog lo tn`z` mapotbloz

z``mz popzpbe% x`vel`d @xbgao/

Da |ap mlod lc L xld` |ap bwnle`1

L wbot ta i``v bo `|` ao tn`

Pxgbez/

Ac japxz/ .v/ 80>,

Z`gbeb z zpbtp dl v gpopogbo lol

tbmvbi tldbi hlbzb%kbwbh @xbgao/ Ibp

i`h xbtbo ibebp bip m`opoggbogl

dlxlmp z`h`otbx1 Bip loglo m`m`xlizb

vbxb Pxgbe/

Zbmb z`ibel tldbi/ .v/ 46:,

Tnlz lz tn` jaos`xzbtlao h`tw``o @xbgao bod nlz dxbgao/ Bct`x zpjj``dlog

ta `zjbv` cxam tn` Pxgbez% @xbgao% Hxam bod Zbvnlxb nld` lo b cax`zt/ Tn`| wbtjn

as`x tn`lx zpxxapodlogz ta mbi` zpx` tnbt tn`x` bx` oa `o`ml`z tnbt jam` jeaz`x/

Tn`x` lz bo ldlam zvai`o h| @xbgao wnle` zb|log% L wbot ta i``v bo `|` ao tn`

Pxgbez/ Tn` haed waxdz bx` ldlam wnljn m`boz m`ogbwbzl ax m`okbgb

.Eloggb% 8667; 82>,/ Tnlz ldlam lz lojepd`d lota t|v` ac zltpbtlaoz% bjtlaoz bod

`s`otz tnbt z|mhael{ z bo bjtlao/ Tn` zapxj` ebogpbg` lz lo caxm ac vnxbz` .s`xh )

bxtlje` ) oapo ) vx`vazltlao, wnle` tn` tbxg`t ebogpbg` lz lo caxm ac zloge` waxd

.s`xh,/

Zapxj` Ebogpbg`

S`xzlaoLc Elt`xbe Txbozebtlao

Tbxg`t Ebogpbg`

S`xzlao

I``v bo |` ao M`okbgb z`hpbn mbtb vbdb M`m`xlizb

Tn` txbozebtax pz`z tn` txbozvazltlao t`jnolrp` lo txbozebtlog i``v bo `|`

ao lota m`m`xlizb/ Tnlz ldlam wlee eaz` tn` m`bolog lc lt lz txbozebt`d elt`xbee|

lota m`okbgb z`hpbn mbtb vbdb/ Tn` x`bd x mb| jbtjn tn` lot otlao tnbt

zam`had| wbotz ta i``v nlz `|`z ao zam`tnlog lo axd`x ta nbs` j`xtblot|% hpt

txbozebtlog zpjn wb| wlee e`bd tn` x`bd`xz tnloi cpxtn`x/ Wn`o tn` x`bd`xz x`bd

m`m`xlizb% lt zapodz ztxblgnt ta tn` valot tnbt tn`x` lz b tnlog ta h` jn`ji`d h|

tn` bjtax/

47

ZE; i``v bo |` ao

.m`okbgb, .z`hpbn mbtb, .vbdb,

7/23/2019 5 REVISED SKRIPSI About Translation

48/55

Cxam tn` clgpx` bhas` jbo h` z``o tnbt h`zld`z jnboglog tn` e`~ljbe caxm ac

waxd i``v lota m`m`xlizb% tn` txbozebtax dxavz waxdz bct`x lt/ Tn` txbozebtax

amltz tn` txbozebtlao ac bo `|` bod waxd ao lo tbxg`t ebogpbg / Tn`

`rplsbe`oj` tnbt lz capod n`x` lz txbozebtlog tn` ldlam ac zapxj` ebogpbg` lota

oaoldlam lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/

Dbtpm 28,

Vxlb hatbi ltp i`mhbel dlz`eb Axli% |bog

h`xibtb tlhb-tlhb% Z`hblio|b ibp tldbi

m`o|biltl dlxlo|b% @gxb{ Jbxo% ibebp

tldbi loglo Xbkb h`xhljbxb i`vbdbmp/

Zl vxlb hatbi m`mbodbogo|b k`ogi`e%

ebep m`mbodbog @xbgao zbmhle

t`xz`o|pm i`jle/ .48>,

Tn` jaodltlao ac tnlz `s`ot lz wn`o @xbgao bod Mpxtbgn bx` h`log z`l{`d h|

z`s`xbe m`o/ Ao` ac tn` m`o obm`d Axli/ Tn`x` lz bo ldlam zvai`o h| Axli ta nlz

cxl`od wn`o tn` mbo wbotz ta nlt @xbgao/ Axli caxhldz tn` mbo ta da tnbt h`jbpz`

4>

ZE TE

I``v bo |` ao M`m xlizb

7/23/2019 5 REVISED SKRIPSI About Translation

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n` ioawz tnbt lc @xbgao lz lokpx`d% tn`lx ilog wlee h` bogx|/ Axli zb|z% \apd

h`tt`x oat nbxm nlm% @gxb{ Jbxo% `ez` tn` ilog wlee nbs` b waxd wltn |ap/ Tn`

haed waxdz bx` ldlam wnljn m`boz h`xhljbxb i`vbdb .Eloggb% 8667; 828,/ Tnlz

ldlam lz jbt`gaxl{`d lota t|v` aczltpbtlaoz% bjtlaoz bod `s`otz tnbt z|mhael{`z bo

bjtlao/ Tn` zapxj` ebogpbg` lz lo caxm ac vnxbz .s`xh ) bxtlje` ) oapo )

vx`vazltlao, bod tn` tbxg`t ebogpbg` lz beza lo caxm ac vnxbz` .s`xh )vx`vazltlao,/

Tn` txbozebtax pz`z txbozvazltlao lo jnboglog nbs` b waxd .lo Lodao`zlbo

= m`mvpo|bl z`hpbn ibtb, lota h`xhljbxb .lo @ogelzn = tbei,/ Cax waxd wltn

wnljn bjtpbee| m`boz d`ogbo% tn` txbozebtax jnbog z lt lo Lodao`zlbo lota

i`vbdb .lo @ogelzn = ta,/ Tn` ldlam nbs` b waxd wltn wlee nbs` dlcc`x`ot

m`bolog lc lt lz txbozebt`d elt`xbee| lota m`mvpo|bl z`hpbn ibtb d`ogbo/ Tn`

wxlt`x ac tnlz oas`e lot`odz ta `~vx`zz tnbt lt lz oat aoe| ao` waxd ta h` zbld hpt

mb| h` mbo| waxdz/ Zb|log lo mbo| waxdz m`boz tbeilog/ Zloj` h`xhljbxb

i`vbdb lz oat bo ldlam lo Lodao`zlbo% lt lz jaojepd`d tnbt tn` txbozebtax jnbog`z

tn` ldlam cxam zapxj` ebogpbg` lota oaoldlam lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/

Dbtpm 86

47,

Hbgblmbob ibp hlbz m`o`mpibo

Xb{bj z`axbog dlxl1 I`obvb bip tldbi

v`xobn m`od ogbx bdb dl botbxb ibpm

T`xiptpi |bog m`mlelil bobi1 Dbo bvb

|bog ibpebipibo dl zlol1 Zpbxbo|b

binlxo|b o|bxlz h`xt`xlbi/

Mpxtbgn m`ogpzbv wbkbno|b/

J`xltbo|b vbokbog/ .v/ 4::,

Tnlz zltpbtlao tbi`z vebj` wn`o @xbgao bod Mpxtbgn nbs` h``o z`l{`d h|

z`s`xbe m`o lo tn` cax`zt/ Tn`| hatn tbei bhapt tn`lx vbzt/ Wn`o @xbgao bziz

Mpxtbgn bhapt naw nlz cbtn`x lz bod wnbt n` lz dalog lo tn` cax`zt% Mpxtbgn txl`z ta

`~veblo lt je`bxe|/ H`cax` h`gloolog ta t`ee tn` ztax|% Mpxtbgn wlv` nlz cbj` wltn nlz

nbod% `~vx zzlog tnbt lt lz nbxd ta t`ee nlz hbd `~v xl`oj`z/ Tn`x` lz bo ldlam tnbt lz

`~vx`zz`d h| tn` bptnax ac tnlz oas`e wltn zb|log; Mpxtbgn xbo b nbod as`x nlz

cbj`/ Hbz`d ao Ibmpz Ldlam @dlzl E`ogibv .8664; 4:4,% tn` haed waxdz bx` bo

ldlam wnljn m`boz m`og`ebv ax m`ogpzbv/ Tnlz ldlam lz jebzzlcl`d lota t|v`

aczltpbtlaoz% bjtlaoz bod `s`otz tnbt z|mhael{`z bo bjtlao/ Tn` zapxj` ebogpbg` lz

lo caxm vnxbz` .s`xh ) bxtlje` ) oapo )vx`vazltlao, wnle` tn` tbxg`t ebogpbg` lz lo

caxm ac zloge` waxd .s`xh,/

Zapxj` Ebogpbg`

S`xzlao Lc Elt`xbe Txbozebtlao

Tbxg`t Ebogpbg`

S`xzlao

Xbo b nbod as`xM`ebxlibo z`hpbn tbogbo dl

btbzM`ogpzbv

Tn` txbozebtax pz`z tn` txbozvazltlao t`jnolrp` ta txbozebt` xbo b nbod

as`x/

06

7/23/2019 5 REVISED SKRIPSI About Translation

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Tnlz vnxbz` lz jnbog`d h| tn` txbozebtax lota m`ogpzbv lo Lodao`zlbo/ Tn`x` lz b

jep` tnbt tnlz bjtlao lz dao` h| nbod ao ao`z cbj`/ Tn` txbozebtax da`z oat txbozebt`

waxd xbo lota ltz clxzt caxm ebxl h`jbpz` tn` m`bolog ac tnlz vnxbz` wlee h` oat

je`bx/ B nbod jbooat xpo hpt lt mb| mas`/ Ao` ac nbod mas`m`ot ao b cbj` lz

wlvlog% tn`x`cax` tn` txbozebtax jnaaz`z waxd m`ogpzbv lo Lodao`zlbo/ Lo

txbozebtlog tnlz ldlam% tn` txbozebtax mbi`z `rplsbe`oj` lo jnboglog bo ldlam ac

zapxj` ebogpbg` lota oaoldlam lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/

JNBVT@X LS

JAOJEPZLAO

Tnlz jnbvt`x vx`z`otz tn` x`zpet ac bobe|zlz ac tw`ot| dbtb/ Bee ac tn` tw`ot|

dbtb bx` lojepd`d lo t|v` ac ldlamz wnljn z|mhael{` zltpbtlaoz% bjtlaoz bod `s`otz

h`jbpz` tn`x` lz oa zb|log ax vxas xh tnbt capod lo tn` oas e/ Bct`x bobe|{log tn`

dbtb% tn` wxlt`x clodz apt z`s`xbe t`jnolrp`z tnbt jbo h` pz`d lo txbozebtlog ldlambtlj

`~vx`zzlao cxam @ogelzn lota Lodao`zlbo/ Tn` t`jnolrp`z tnbt bx` bvveljbhe` ta h`

pz`d bx` txbozvazltlao% `rplsbe`oj` bod madpebtlao/ Txbozvazltlao jbo h` dao` h|

jnboglog tn` waxd jebzz% waxd axd`x% e`~ljbe caxm bod z|otbjtljbe caxm/ Bee ac tn`

02

ZE TE

Xbo b nbod as`x M`ogpzbv

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tw`ot| dbtb pz` txbozvazltlao t`jnolrp` ta txbozebt` tn` ldlambtlj `~vx`zzlaoz/ Tn`

jnbog` ac waxd axd`x nbz h``o capod lo capx dbtb bod tn` jnbog` ac e`~ljbe caxm

nbz h``o capod lo bee ac tn` dbtb% tn`x`cax` tn` jnbog` ac e`~ljbe caxm lz mazte|

capod/ Tn` txbozebtax beza pz`z zam` bddltlao bod amlzzlao/ Bddltlao bod amlzzlao

bx` vbxtz ac jnboglog caxm cxam zapxj ebogpbg` lota tbxg t ebogpbg`/ Tn`

txbozebtax pz`z bddltlao lo txbozebtlog twa dbtb bod amlzzlao lo capx dbtb/

Tn` `rplsbe`oj` lo txbozebtlog ldlambtlj `~vx`zzlao mb| h` capod lo tnx``

t|v`z9 jnboglog ldlam lota oaoldlam% jnboglog ldlam lota ldlam bod jnboglog

oaoldlam lota ldlam/ Cxam tnaz` tw`ot| dbtb% tn` wxlt x clodz twa t|v`z ac

`rplsbe`oj` pz`d h| tn` txbozebtax9 tn` clxzt ao` lz jnboglog ldlam lota oaoldlam

bod tn` z`jaod ao` lz jnboglog ldlam lota ldlam/ Tn`x` bx` zl~t``o dbtb tnbt bx`

txbozebt`d cxam ldlam lo zapxj` ebogpbg` lota oaoldlam lo tbxg`t ebogpbg` bod capx

dbtb tnbt bx` txbozebt`d caxm ldlam lo zapxj` ebogpbg` lota ldlam lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/

Tn` ebzt t`jnolrp` tnbt lz pz`d h| tn` txbozebtax ta txbozebt` ldlambtlj

`~vx`zzlaoz lo @xbgao oas`e lz madpebtlao t`jnolrp`/ Madpebtlao jbo h` dao` lo

twa wb|z9 tn` clxzt ao` lz jnboglog tn` o`gbtls` caxm lota vazltls` caxm ax slj`

s`xzb bod jnboglog tn` vbzzls` salj` lota bjtls` salj` ax slj` s`xzb/ Lo tn` bobe|zlz%

tn` wxlt`x clodz aoe| ao` dbtb tnbt pz`z madpebtlao9 lt lz jnboglog tn` bjtls` salj`

lota vbzzls` salj`/ Bct`x ahz`xslog tn` jnbog` wnljn lz dao` h| tn` txbozebtax ac

@xbgao oas e lo txbozebtlog ldlambtlj `~vx`zzlaoz% lt lz jaojepd`d tnbt tn` ldlam lo

caxm ac vnxbz % jebpz` bod z`ot`oj` lo zapxj` ebogpbg` jbo h` jnbog d lota

z`ot`oj`% vnxbz` bod `s`o waxd lo tbxg`t ebogpbg`/ Tn` jnbog` cxam vnxbz` lota

vnxbz` lz capod lo tw`es` dbtb bod tn` jnbog` cxam vnxbz` lota waxd lz capod lo zl~

dbtb/ H`zld`z tnbt% tn` jnbog` cxam jebpz` lota waxd lz capod lo ao` zbmve` bod tn`

08

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jnbog` cxam z`ot`oj` lota z`ot`oj` lz capod lo ao` zbmve / Tn` damlobot

t`jnolrp`z tnbt pz`d h| tn` txbozebtax ac tnlz oas e bx` txbozvazltlao bod

`rplsbe`oj`/ Hatn t`jnolrp`z bx` pz`d lo bee ac dbtb/

HLHELAGXBVN\

Bhdaeznbno`kbd% B/ bod H`n`zntlxaal% [/ 8666/ B Ztpd| ac Ldlambtlj @~vx`zzlaoz

bod Jpetpxbe Jaoj`vtz lo Elt xbx| Txbozebtlao ac Zlmlo Dbo`znsbx-Zbspznpo/ X`txl`s`d ao Kpe| 8:xd% cxam Waxed Wld` W`h;

nttv;!!www/vxa{/jam!txbozebtlao-bxtlje`z!bxtlje`z!848:!2!B-Ztpd|-ac-

Ldlambtlj-@~vx`zzlaoz-bod-Jpetpxbe-Jaoj`vtz-lo-Elt`xbx|-Txbozebtlao-ac-

Zlmlo-Dbo`znsbx-Zbspznpo/ntm

Hbi`x% M/ 2

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Nbtlm% H/ bod Mpodb|% K/ 8664/ Txbozebtlao-Bo Bdsboj`d X`zapxj` Haai/ Eaodao9

O`w \axi; Xapte`dg`/

Na`d% H/ N/ 8663/V`o`xk`mbnbo dbo I`hpdb|bbo/ Kbibxtb; Vpztbib Kb|b/

Ebxzao% M/ E/ 24/ M`bolog-Hbz`d Txbozebtlao; B Gpld` ta Jxazz-Ebogpbg`

@rplsbe`oj`/ Haztao; Pols`xzlt| Vx`zz ac Bm`xljb/

Eloggb% N/ H/ 8667/ Z`h`ebz Ebogibn Vxbitlz m`ogpbzbl Iazbibtb Ta`ce/ H`ibzl;

V`o`xhlt I`zblot Heboj/

Mbnzpo/ 8660/ M`tad` V`o`eltlbo Hbnbzb; Tbnbvbo Ztxbt`gl% M`tad`% dbo

T`iolio|b/ Kbibxtb; VT Xbkb Gxbcloda V`xzbdb/

MjMaxdl`% W/ 2/B T`~thaai ac Txbozebtlao/ O`w \axi; Vx`otlj` Nbee/

Oldb% @/ B/ bod Tbh`x% J/ X/ 2/Mbt`xl Vaiai Txbozebtlao/ Kbibxtb; Pols`xzltbz T`xhpib/

Xalil`o% D bod Obxmaotl`o% I/ 866>/ D`oamlobe S`xhz lo Txbozebtlao cxam

@ogelzn lota Eltnpbolbo/ X`txl`s`d ao Mbxjn >tn% 8626 cxam Waxed Wld`

W`h;

nttv;!!www/zp/et!h|eaz!maizeaQe`ldlolbl!kmd!6>Q64Q866>!2:Qobxmaotl`o`

xalil`o`/vdc

Zbsax|% T/ 2/ Tn` Bxt ac Txbozebtlao/ Eaodao; Kaobtnbo Jbv` Tnlxt| H`dcaxd

Zrpbx`/

04

http://www.accurapid.com/journal/41culture.htmhttp://www.su.lt/bylos/mokslo_leidiniai/jmd/08_04_2008/13_narmontiene%20roikiene.pdfhttp://www.su.lt/bylos/mokslo_leidiniai/jmd/08_04_2008/13_narmontiene%20roikiene.pdfhttp://www.accurapid.com/journal/41culture.htmhttp://www.su.lt/bylos/mokslo_leidiniai/jmd/08_04_2008/13_narmontiene%20roikiene.pdfhttp://www.su.lt/bylos/mokslo_leidiniai/jmd/08_04_2008/13_narmontiene%20roikiene.pdf

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Zlmbtpvbog% M/ D/ Z/ 2