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5.2 Cells: a Look Inside
Why is a cell like a cookie factory?
• A cookie factory has many parts that work together to make it function.
• A cell also has many parts that work together.
• Every cell part has a job or function.
Comparing cells to a factory• This chart shows how a cell is like a cookie factory
What is the cell membrane?• a thin layer that separates
the inside of the cell from its outside environment.
• keeps the cytoplasm inside
• lets waste products out
• lets nutrients in
• is made out of lipids & proteins
What is the nucleus?
• most visible organelle• is covered with a
membrane that allows materials to pass in and out
• often called the “control center” of the cell because it contains DNA
The nucleolus acts as a storage area for materials.
What are mitochondria?• the “powerhouses” of cells• produce much of the energy
a cell needs to function• rod shaped surrounded by 2 membranes• inner membrane has many
folds• only work if it has oxygen• We breath air to get oxygen
for our mitochondria
What is a vacuole?• the storage area of the cell
• A small, fluid-filled sac
• Vacuoles store water, food, and waste.
• Plant cells usually have one large vacuole to store water
What is endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
• a series of tunnels throughout the cytoplasm.
• transport proteins from one part of the cell to another
• Series of folded & connected tubes
What are Ribosomes?
• the protein factories of the cell.
• When ribosomes make proteins, they release them into the ER
• Some ribosomes float in the cytoplasm
What are Golgi bodies?
• receive proteins and other compounds from the ER.
• package these materials & distribute them to other parts of the cell
• release materials outside the cell
What are Lysosomes?
• contain enzymes that can break things down
• pick up bacteria, food, and old organelles and break them into small pieces that can be reused
What is cytoskeleton?
• a series of fibers made from proteins
• provides structure to the cell and gives it its shape
How are plant cells different?• Plant cells have
chloroplasts, but animal cells do not.
• A chloroplast is an organelle that contains a green pigment called chlorophyll.
• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast
How are plant cells different?
• Plant cells have a large central vacuole that stores cell sap.
• Cell sap is mostly water
• Cell sap gives cell structure
How are plant cells different?
• Plant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not.
• Made of cellulose
• Cell walls provide structure and support for the plant.