5.5 CLASSIFICATIONIB SL Biology I

WHY CLASSIFY? Taxonomy - the science and practice of

classification Humans have developed classification systems in

order to make sense of the abundant biological diversity that exists in nature.

Classification was attempted by looking at as many visible characteristics as possible. As new molecular methods are introduced, significant changes have been made to classification.

BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Hierarchical

Larger groups are more general and smaller groups are more specific.

For example, the phylum Chordata includes both lions and lionfish, but the genus Panthera includes only lions.

Phylogenetic It is meant to reflect the evolutionary

interrelatedness among groups.The grey wolf and the dog both are placed in the

genus Canis because of their close evolutionary relationship.

Chordata

Panthera

CARL LINNAEUS Swedish biologist Introduced the binomial system of

nomenclature Named many plants and animals using it

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Binomial nomenclature – system of naming species

using two words Genus –group of species that share certain

characteristics First word in naming Begins with a CAPITAL letter

Species name – second word Begins with a lowercase letter Eg. Linnaea borealis

Always italicized (or underlined if hand written) Once used once, can abbreviate to L. borealis

SEVEN LEVELS OF HIERARCHY OF TAXA

Taxon – in Greek means “group”Kingdom– general, largest, share featuresPhylumClass Order Family Genus Species - most specific, smallest

Acronym - King Philip Came Over From Great Spain

EXAMPLES

Taxon Grey Wolf Date palmKingdom Animalia PlantaePhylum Chordata AngiospermophytaClass Mammalia MonocotyledoneaeOrder Carnivora PalmalesFamily Canidae ArecacaeGenus Canis PhoenixSpecies lupus dactylifera

DICHOTOMOUS KEY Method of identifying an organism Numbered series of pairs of descriptors One matches the species, the other is clearly

wrong Each pair leads to another pair of descriptors

OR to an identification Features chosen for descriptors should be

easily visible

DICHOTOMOUS KEY EXAMPLE

DESIGN A DICHOTOMOUS KEY

HOMEWORK Shark Dichotomous Key KPCOFGS explained for one species

ACTIVITY: OWL PELLET LAB Read Owl Pellet Lab Handout

Background Activity 1

Complete Activity 1 with lab partner

DAY 2: CLASSIFYING PLANTS AND ANIMALSIB SL 1 BIOLOGY

CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALSPhyla Symmetry Mouth/

AnusSegmentation Other

PoriferaEg. Sponges

None None None No shape, no organs, poresFilter feeder

CnidariaEg. Jellyfish, coral

Radial Mouth None Tentacles with stinging cells

PlatyhelminthesEg. Flatworm

Bilateral Mouth None Flat, ribbon shape

AnnelidaEg. Segmented worms, leeches

Bilateral Both Yes Bristles, visible blood vessels

MolluscaEg. Snails, squids

Bilateral Both Not visible Many have shells

ArthropodaEg. Crabs, spiders, centipedes, insects

Bilateral Both Yes Hard exoskeleton (chitin), jointed appendages

MATCHING ACTIVITY

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMANS Controversial

Read pg 18 Critical consideration: race and racism Q1-3

Common Name: Human

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primata Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: Homo sapiens

PRACTICE DBQ

Compare the change in the buzzard population to the change in the grey partridges population. (2)

HOMEWORK Pg 202