60133900 Rescue Diver Course

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Rescue Diver Course Instructor Guide i

Rescue D i ve r Cou rse

Ins t ruc to r Gu ide

1 9 9 9 E d i t i o

n

I n c o r p o r a t e s

a l l T r aining Bul

letins t h r o u g h F i r s t Q u

a r t e r 2 0 0 4

This docum ent is a n importan t

com pon en t of the PADI Rescue

Diver course instruction a l system .

Use this guide with th e Rescue Diver

Manual , Lesson Guides, Video,

Exam a nd Cue Ca rds when teach-

ing Rescu e Diver cou rses.

http://localhost/Users/Sniper69/InstManl.pdf

http://www.padi.com/



Rescue Diver Course Instructor Guide 1-1

Course Goals• Ex p a n d diver kn o wled ge in

preparation for PADI

lea dership tra ining.

• Teach e ffect ive diver rescue

and first aid skills.

• Prep a re d ivers to m a n a ge

realistic rescue situa tions.

• In crea se a wa ren ess o f

dive sa fety.

• Encour age d iver s t o an t ici-pa te an d prevent p roblems.

OneCourse Standards

and Overview

P A D I R e s c u e D i

v e r C o u r s e

Course Philosophy The PADI Rescue Diver cou rse ph iloso-

ph y is tha t there is rarely only one way

to a ccom plish a task. There is no “right”

way to perform a rescue, but rath er

m a n y options from which rescuers draw

dependin g on the scena rio. Th e course

takes a flexible, conceptua l ap proa ch to

perform ing rescues — a rescuer’s rela -

tive size a nd strength, for exam ple, as

well as environmental factors dictate

wha t rescue tech nique m a y be m osteffective. Rescue tra inin g ex ercises

provide for in dividua l differences an d

capabilities while encouraging divers to

experiment with alterna te tech-

n iques. Stud en t divers

lea rn to first think a bout

the op tion s ava ila ble for

ha ndl ing a n emergency,

then to act using the best

m ethod for th e situa tion.

T h e P A D I R e s c u e D i v

e r c o u r s e i s a n

i m p o r ta n t a nd

c r u c ia l s t e p i

n e x pa nd -

i n g a d i v e r ’ s k n

o w l ed g e a nd e

x p e r i e n c e b e y o

nd a p u r e l y r e c

r ea t i o na l

l e v e l. R e s c u e d

i v e r s l ea r n t o l

o o k b e y o nd t h

e m s e l v e s t o c o

n s id e r t h e

sa f e t y a nd w e l l - b e i n g o

f o t h e r d i v e r s

. T h i s i s w h y t

h e P A D I R e s c u e D i

v e r

ra t i n g i s a p r e

r eq u i s i t e f o r a l l P A D I l ead

e r s h i p t ra i n i n g

( D i v e ma s t e r,

A s s i s ta n t I n s t r

u c t o r, a nd O p e

n Wa t e r S c u ba I n s t r u c t o r )

.

R e s c u e d i v e r t

ra i n i n g r ead i e

s s t ud e n t d i v e

r s t o h e l p p r e v e n t

p r o b l e m s a nd, i

f n e c e s sa r y, m

a na g e d i v e e m e

r g e n c i e s u s i n g

a va r i e t y o f

t e c h n iq u e s. T h

e c o u r s e i s d e s

ig n e d t o b e d e m a n d i ng, t h o u

g h r e a l i s t i c i n

i t s c o n d u c t, c

o n t e n t a n d a p p r o

a c h . A l t h o ug h t h e n a t u r e a n d c o n t e

x t i n

w h i c h r e s c u e t r a i n i

n g m a y b e u s e d i s s e r i o u s, t h

e c o u r s e s h o u l

d b e

e n j o y a b l e a n d b u i l d d i v e r

c o n f i d e n c e.

P r o f e s s i o n a l

A s s o c i a t i o n

o f D i v i n g I n s

t r u c t o r s



1-2 One: Course Standards and Overview

Course StandardsCourse Prerequisites

To qu a lify for PADI Rescue Diver

trainin g, an individual must :

1 . B e cert if i ed as PAD I Advanced

Open Wate r DiverOR

Have a qual i fy ing cert i fi cat ion

f rom ano t her tra i n ing organi -

zat ion. This i s def ined as p roof

of cert if i cat ion beyon d entry

leve l (at l ea st two certi f i cat ions

tota l) . These divers must a l so

ha ve proof of 20 or more logg ed

dives docum ent ing experience

i n deep d iv i ng and un derw at er

nav i gat i on .

2 . B e 1 2 ye a rs o f a g e o r ol de r.

Note: Divers under the age of 15 may obtain a

PADI Junior Rescue Diver certification. The

Junior Rescue Diver certification card carries the

requirement that the individual must dive with a

certified adult.

CPR RequirementTo be c ertified a s a PADI Rescue

Diver, the studen t diver m ust ha ve

successful ly com pleted a san c-

t ioned c ourse in CPR within the

past tw o years (24 m onth s). Th eEm ergency First Respon se Prim a ry Ca re

(CPR) course is h ighly recomm end ed

a nd ca n b e used to m eet this require-

m en t. Em ergen cy First Respon se is a

ba sic trainin g program in CPR a nd

emergency care.

Training Considerationsand SupervisionStuden t divers m ust mee t al l Rescue

Diver course ski l l perform an ce

requirements at an o pen w ater dive

s i te tha t represents typical local

dive condi t ions . Divers m ust com -

plete a l l 12 training exerc i ses

duri ng a mi n i m um o f f ive open

w ater sess ions conducted over at

least tw o days .

If possible, use a va riety of tra inin g

loca tions to represent th e different typ es

of dive environm ents foun d in th e loca l

a rea. For exam ple, if boat

diving is popular, then

condu ct at least on e session

from a boat .

It is recom m ended th a t

you introduce, an d ha ve

studen t divers pra ctice, some

of the m ore comp lex skills at

a confined wa ter site before

progressing to open water.

The m axi m um s t udent -

to-instructor ratio fo r

open w ater act iv i t ies is

8:1 , wi th four addi t iona l

s tudent divers a l low ed per

certif ied assistant. Use

a ssistan ts as n ecessary to provide adequ a te

supervision a n d rea listic rescue scen a rios.

EquipmentFor open w ater training exerc i ses , you

m ust have a f i rs t a i d k i t and oxygen

ava i l ab l e (if lega lly perm itted in th e loca l

area) as described in Section Two of the PADI

Rescue Diver Manual . Addition a l ly, you m ust

ha ve a l l equipm ent necessary to com plete

each trainin g exerc i se, such as pock et

m asks , lines , f loats , marker buoys an d

various other pieces of equipm ent a s

described in Section Th ree of th e ma n ua l.

Each diver m ust use proper equipm ent

for the dive environm ent.

Th is in clud es, bu tis not lim ited to: fin s, ma sk, sn orkel, cylin der,

regulator, alterna te air source, buoyan cy

control device (BCD) with low pressure infla-

tor, weight system, appropriate exposure suit

for the environm ent, t im ing device a nd depth

ga uge (or dive comp uter), com pa ss, knife/dive

tool (un less prohibited by local laws or regula-

tions) a nd a n emergency signa lin g device

(whistle, flare, inflata ble sign a l tube).

Training Materials

The fo l low ing m ater ia l s are requiredw hen trainin g PADI Rescue Divers:

1 . PADI Rescue Diver Course

Instructor Guide.

2 . PADI Rescue Diver Manual an d D i v ing

Accident Mana gem ent Workslate (if

ava i lable in a langua ge the diver un der-

stands).

3 . PAD I Rescue D iver Exam .

Logging DivesDivers ma y log

ea ch of the five

open water ses-

sion s as a dive.

Th ese dives m a y

be ap plied toward

the minimu m

logged dive re-

quiremen ts for

PADI Divem a ster

a nd instructor

certifications.




The following materials are

highly recommended:

• PADI Rescue Diver Video

• Rescue Diver Lesson

Guides (digital, slide or

paper versions)

• Rescu e Dive r Cu e Ca r ds

• Emergency First Response

Participant Manual

• The Encyclopedia of Recreational

Diving Multimedia or bo ok version

• Recrea t iona l Dive Plan ner, t ab le or

The Wh eel with a ppropriate

Instruction for Use booklet

Knowledge ReviewsEach chapter in the PADI Rescue Diver

Manual ends with a Knowledge Review.

Student divers must com plete an dturn in Know ledge Reviews. You

m ust review a ny quest ions missed

or le f t incom plete unt i l the s tudent

diver understan ds them . After a

thorough review, have the d iver

veri fy understan ding by s ign ing

and da t i ng t he st a t ement on each

Know ledge Review. It’s recom -

m ended tha t you ha ve divers initia l

m issed qu estions in a ddition to signin g

the s tatement . You m ust keep a

record of the com pleted and s igned

Kno w ledge Review s in the diver’s

permanent records (Stu den t Record

File).

Knowledge AssessmentPrior to certi f ication , the studen t

diver m ust show m astery by dem -

onstrat ing a cceptable perfor-

m an ce on the PADI

Rescue Diver Exa m .

Acceptab le p erfor-

ma nce mean s tha t the

diver scores 75 percent or

better on th e exam . If the

diver scores less than 75

percent , then you m ust

ha ve the diver retest. In

addi t ion to scor ing 75

percen t or high er, the diver m ust

unders tand a l l exam i t em s . To

accomplish this, review any missed

questions with th e diver u ntil m a stery is

achieved.

Have the s tudent diver s ign a nd

date the exam statemen t to ver ify

tha t you reviewed m issed quest ions

an d that the diver understands the

correct a nsw ers. It’s recom m end ed,but n ot required, tha t you ha ve divers

initia l m issed q uestions in a ddition to

signing th e exam statement . You m ust

keep a w rit ten record of the exam

an swer sheet in th e diver’s perma -

nent records (Stu den t Record File).

Certification ProceduresAny Tea chin g sta tus PADI Instructor

m a y cond uct th e PADI Rescue Diver

course a n d certify PADI Rescue Divers.

Th e certifying instructor ob ta ins Rescue

Diver certifica tions by subm ittin g

completed an d signed PICs to th e

appropriate PADI Office. The instruc-

tor w ho conduc ts the s tudent diver’s

f inal open w ater training sess ion i s

the c erti fying in structor. The c ertify-

ing in structor must ensure that a l l

certi f i cat ion requiremen ts are m et .

KEY STANDARDSPrerequisite certification: PADI Adva nce d Open Wa ter Diver

or qua l i fy ing cert if i cat ion

Minimum age: 12

Recom m ended hours: 25 hours

Minimum Open Water Training: 5 sessions over 2 da ys

Stud en t-Instructor ra tio: 8:1 (4 a ddit ion al students per certi f ied a ssistan t)

Minim um instructor rating: Tea chin g status PADI Instructor

NOTE: Junior divers,under the age of 15,must independentlycomplete a written exam – an oral exam is notpermitted. (The onlyexception is when juniordivers have beendiagnosed with a learningdisability that affects their

reading ability.)



1-4 One: Course Standards and Overview

Course Overview

Course StructureTh e curriculum for th e PADI Rescue Diver cou rse is performa n ce-ba sed. Th e

a m oun t of time required to com plete the p rogram is ba sed u pon cla ss size,

logistica l considerations, studen t diver ap titude a nd performa nce.The course ha s two ma in compon ents – knowledge developm ent a nd op en

water trainin g exercises. Knowledge developmen t m a y occur th rough indepen -

den t studen t study, instructor-led sessions or a comb ina tion of both . Th is flexibil-

ity permits you to accommodate a variety of student diver schedules.

Open wa ter train ing sessions consist of th e 12 requ ired course exercises. Th e

following recommended sequence includes suggestions for grouping the indi-

vidua l exercises into open water sessions. Oth er a rran gemen ts are p ossible a nd

m a y be required depen ding on diver performa nce a nd logistica l considera tions.

Course Sequence

Session One

Knowledge Development Topics:

Introduction and Course Overview,

Self Rescue, Diver Stress and Manag-

in g Diver Stress (PADI Rescue Diver

Manual – Section On e)

Review of open water skills: PADI

Rescue Diver Manual – Sect ion Five a n d

Rescue Diver Video - exercises 1-4

Open Water – Exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4:

Tired Diver, Pan icked Diver, Respo n se

from Sh ore/Boat to a Conscious Diver,

a n d Distressed Diver Underwa ter

(overexertion a nd alterna te air source

ascents)

Session Two


First Aid Equ ipm en t a n d First Aid

Procedures) (PADI Rescue Diver Manual

– Section Two)

Review of open water skills: PADI

Rescue Diver Manual – Sect ion Six a n d

Rescue Diver Video - exercises 5-6

Open Water – Exercises 5 and 6:

Missin g Diver Procedu res an d Surfac-

ing th e Unconscious Diver

Session Three


Em ergency Man a gemen t (PADI

Rescue Diver Manual – Section Th ree)

Review of open water skills: Rescue

Diver Video - exercise 7

Open Water – Exercise 7: Uncon-

scious Diver at th e Surfa ce

Session Four


Common Equipment Problems,

Equipm ent Function, a n d Relea se

Fun ction a n d Problem s (PADI Rescue

Diver Manual – Sect ion Fou r)

Review of open water skills: Rescue

Diver Video - exercises 8-10

Open Water – Exercises 8, 9 and 10:

Egress with a n Uncon sciou s Diver, First

Aid Procedu res for Pressure -Rela ted

Acciden ts, an d Respon se from Sh ore/

Boa t to a n Un consciou s Diver

Session Five

Review and Rescue Diver Exam

Open Water – Exercises 11 and 12:

Diving-Accident Scenarios




Referral Procedure

Th e pu rpose of th is procedu re is to

a llow a studen t diver to comp lete a

PADI Rescue Diver course with m ore

th a n on e PADI In structor. A PADI

Rescue Diver studen t m a y be referred

to another PADI Instructor after any

knowledge developm ent session a nd/

or a fter an y open water exercise. Th e

student diver must com plete the

entire session or exercise to re-

ceive referral credit for tha t

session or exercise.

To refer a PADI Rescue Diver

student, use the PADI Rescue Diver

Course Trainin g Docum enta tion form

foun d in th e Appendix of this guide.

Th is form , a long with th e diver’scompleted Medica l Statem ent, m a y be

given directly to th e diver to con tinu e

PADI Rescue Diver training with

a n oth er PADI In structor. A PADI

Rescue Diver Cou rse Train ing

Docum enta t ion form i s val id for

12 mo nths from the las t trainin g

segment com pl e ti on dat e .

Prior to cond uct ing a Rescue

Diver exercise for a referred

student , a preassessm ent an d the

adm inis trat ive requirements a soutl ine d in PADI “Genera l Stan-

dards an d Procedures” m ust be

com pleted ( i. e . s igned Medical

Statem ent , Stand ard Safe Diving

Pract ices Statem ent of Understand-

ing, a nd Liabi l i ty Release a nd

Assum ption o f Risk Agreem ent.)

All PADI Instructo rs invo lved in

the referral process, init ia l train-

i ng or open w at er tra i n ing , mus t

retain a copy of the a dm inis trat ive

pa perw ork, as w el l as the Rescue

Diver Course Trainin g Docu m enta -

t ion form .

Wh en you receive a Rescue Diver

referra l studen t, you m a y check the

status of PADI Instructors who previ-

ously signed off on the tra ining docu-

m enta tion form by calling your PADI

Office.

Step-By-Step ReferralProcedures Summary

1. The inst ruc tor who conducts the

studen t diver’s fina l open wa ter

training en sures tha t the diver ha s

met all certification requirements

a n d certifies the d iver.

2. Use the PADI Rescue Diver Course

Trainin g Docum enta tion form to

verify com pletion of course require-

m ents an d keep the form in stu-

dent diver’s file.

3 . Comple te a st anda rd PADI PIC

envelope an d m a il to your PADI

Office to secure the student diver’s

certifica tion card.

Credit for Rescue Exercises 1 and 2As pa rt of the PADI Adventures in Diving progra m , a studen t diver m a y pa rtici-

pa te in a n introdu ction to rescue d ivin g skills. Th is skill introdu ction consists of

Rescue Exercises 1 a n d 2 (Tired an d Pa n icked Diver). Th e instructor wh o cond ucts

th ese exercises issues a PADI Rescue Diver Course Tra inin g Docum enta tion formwith Exercises 1 a n d 2 sign ed off to the diver.

To a l low credit tow ard rescue diver course requirements , you m ust

verify tha t the student diver successful ly com pleted these exercises by

review ing th e diver’s docum enta t ion form. At your discretion , you m a y credit

th e diver’s exp erience an d contin ue with th e rema inder of the course. Treat th is a s

you would a ny oth er referra l.

You m a y choose to incorpora te a review of Rescue Exercises 1 a n d 2 skills into

Exercise 3 (Respon se from Sh ore/ Boa t to a Con sciou s Victim ) to assess stud en t

diver comp etence. Rem ediate diver skills a s n ecessary.




Training ConsiderationsThe Rescue Exercises are designed to

cha lleng e divers, yet present realistic

scen a rios th a t divers are likely to

en coun ter a t local dive sites. Al-

though th e na ture an d context is

seriou s, th e course shou ld be enjoy-

a ble an d bu ild diver confiden ce.

If po ssible, con du ct Rescue

Exercises between Kn owledge Devel-

op m en t session s. (See Cou rse Se-

qu ence in Section On e of th is guide.)

This allows divers to m ore qu icklyapply what they’ve learned to skills

pra ctice an d to relate open wa ter

experiences to subsequent knowledge

development sessions.

Use different o pen wa ter dive

sites, if possible, to give student

divers experience in dealing with a

variety of environm enta l cond itions

a n d logistica l cha llen ges. It’s a good

ThreeRescue

Exercises

O p e n W a t e r T r a

i n i n g

idea to conduct at least one openwater session from a boa t if boa t

diving is popula r in the loca l area.

You m a y choose to first in troduce

a nd ha ve studen t divers pra ctice som e

of the m ore comp lex skills in confined

water. This will help make open water

session s m ore efficient a n d keep divers

more comfortable, especially when

dive conditions limit exposure time.

When exercises require student

divers to u se differen t pieces of rescue

equipment — pocket masks, first aidkits, oxygen un its, etc. — organ ize

pra ctice so tha t a ll divers ha ve ad-

equate practice time. If

necessary,

ha ve mu ltiple

pieces of

equipment

available.

I n o p e n w a t e r, s t u d e n t

d i v e r s a p p l y

t h e e m e rg e n c y m a n a g e m e n t s k

i l l s a n d f i r s t

a i d t e c h n i q u e s t h

e y l e a r n d u r i n

g k n o w l e dg e d e v e l

o p m e n t. T h e 1 2 t r a i n i

n g

e x e r c i s e s o u t

l i n e d i n t h i s s e c t i o n , a l l o w

d i v e r s t o p r og r e s s f

r o m s i m p l e r e s c u e

s k i l l s, s u c h a s d i v e r t o w

s, t o m o r e c o m p l e x s k i l l s, s u c h a s r e s

u s c i t a t i n g a n

u n c o n s c i o u s

v i c t i m i n t h e w a t e r. T h e e

x e r c i s e s a r e d e s ig n

e d t o f i r s t i n t r o d u c

e

t h e s k i l l s a n d v a r i o u

s t e c h n i q u e s t

o d i v e r s, t h e n a l l o w

t h e m t o p r a c t i c e t h o s e

t e c h n i q u e s. D

u r i n g p r a c t i c e, d i v e r

s d i s c o v e r w h i c h t e c h n

i q u e s w o r k b e t t e r f o

r

t h e m i n d i f f e r e n t s i t

u a t i o n s. R e m

e m b e r t h e PA D I R e s c u

e D i v e r c o u r s e p h i l o s o -

p h y i s t h a t t h e r e

i s n o “ r ig h t ” w a y t o p e r f o r

m a r e s c u e, b u t r

a t h e r m a n y

w o r k a b l e o p t i o n

s. D i v e r s c o n t i n u

e t o p r a c t i c e s k i l l s

w i t h i n e a c h e x e r c i s e u n t i l

m a s t e r i ng p e r f o r

m a n c e r e q u i r e m e n t s.

P r o f e s s i o n a l

A s s o c i a t i o n

o f D i v i n g I n s

t r u c t o r s



3-2 Three: Rescue Exercises in Open Water

SupervisionThe m ax imum student diver-to-

instructor ratio is 8:1, w ith fou r

addi t iona l s tudent divers a l low ed

per certi fied assistan t. Use certified

a ssistan ts as ap propriate for a dded

control a nd realism . For exam ple

with la rger cla sses, assistan ts ca nsupervise tea m s of th ree or fou r

divers while you work with a noth er

tea m . For sma ll cla sses, assistan ts

can a ct as victims or rescue a ssis-

tan ts, a s necessary, to m eet the

exercise performance requirements.

Performance Requirements

By th e en d of this session , th e diver will be a ble to:

Demo nstrate the co rrect procedures for the

fol lowin g ph ases of respon se to a di s tressed

(rational) diver:

• Ap pro a ch

• Eva lua tion

• Ma k in g Con ta ct

• Ca lm in g th e Victim

• Assists a n d Tra n sp ort

• Equipm en t Rem ova l

Procedures

1. Posi tion student d ivers wear ing

full scuba in water too deep to

stan d up in.

2 . Divide class in to two groups

(“victim s” an d “rescuers”). Re-

verse roles a t th e conclusion of

each pha se.

3 . D em o n stra t e a n d h a v e cla sspra ctice each ph a se of respon se

a s outlined.

4 . The na ture of th is exercise is more

instructional than evaluative.

Em ph a size identifica tion a nd

solving of comm on problems

m ore th a n developmen t of full

competence.

NOTE: The following Rescue

Exercise performance require-ments, procedures, and skill and

technique practice information isduplicated on the PADI Rescue

Diver Cue Cards. Using your cuecards during open water trainingsessions will help you introduce

skills and verify that student diversmeet performance requirements.

Rescue Exercise 1

Tired Diver

Overview Th is exercise tea ches studen t divers th e correct procedu res for respon ding to a

distressed diver who, a lthou gh still ra tiona l, needs assistan ce. En coura ge divers

to focus first on recognizing a n d a ssessin g the problem, then on providing th e

necessary assistance.




Skill and Technique Practice

Use th e followin g n otes to coach studen t divers a s they p ra ctice these skills:

1. Ap proa ch

a. Proper surface swimm ing: hea d out of water, cont inuously watching

victim.

b. Speed of ap proach m ust be paced for rescuer to ha ve sufficient energyup on a rrival to victim.

2 . Eva l ua tion

a. Hal t approach n ear, though ou t of reach of , the vict im to assess vict im’s

m enta l state (rationa l or irrationa l).

b. Note the locat ion an d type of BCD inflator.

c. Attempt to ta lk victim through difficul ty by providing comm an ding,

clear and concise directions. (“Inflate your BCD!”)

3 . Mak ing Con tac t

a . Establish substant ia l persona l buoyancy.

b. Cont inu e to approach from front whi le explaining what is being done or

requesting th a t the victim take a ction.

c. Use contact-support position to sta bilize an d rea ssure victim .

d. Provide victim with positive buoya ncy (use of low-pressure inflator

preferred).

4. Calm ing the Vict im

a. Cont inu al ly reassure the vict im th rough eye conta ct and by talking to

h i m .

b. If surface condi t ions a re not a dverse, a l low victim to remove m ask,

regulator/snorkel and rest before resuming activity.

5. Assists an d Tran sport

a. Allow victim to do as m uch for himself as possible .

b. Cri teria for effect ive t ran sport :

• v ict im ’s fa ce above wa t er

• v ict im a nd rescuer posit ively buoyant

• n ea r h orizon ta l

• adequa t e con tr ol o f v ict im

• rescuer must be able to swim effect ively

• adequate comm unica t ions an d eye-to-eye contact

c. In w a te r cra m p rele a ses

d. Review an d discuss the following:

• unde ra r m push (one and t wo r escue rs)

• m od ified tir ed -swim m er ca r r y

• use of BCDs a s swim m ing a id s

• ta n k-va lve tow

6. Equipment Removal

a. Vict ims often do not discard their equipment due to im pa ired thou ght

processes caused by stress.

b. Practice rem oval of tan k from vict im to faci li ta te swimm ing.

c. Pra ctice use of rescuer’s BCD as an extension to victim.

d. Practice procedure for remova l of weights as app ropriate .




Rescue Exercise 2

Panicked Diver Overview In this exercise, student divers learn to evaluate and respond to a panicked diver.

While applying techniques practiced in the previous exercise, divers should focus

on safely making contact with an irrational diver and assisting the diver as neces-

sary. Encourage realism, but caution divers about not demonstrating extreme

physical panic.


By th e en d of th is session, th e diver will be a ble to:

Demo nstrate the correct procedure for the

f o l low i ng ph ases o f re sponse t o a pani cked

(irration a l) diver.

• Eva lua tio n

• Ma k in g Co n ta ct

• Relea ses

Procedures

1. Posit ion s tudent d ivers wear ing fu ll

scuba in wa ter too deep to sta nd in .

2. Divide class into two groups (“vic-

tim s” an d “rescuers”). Reverse roles

a t conclusion of each ph a se.

3 . Dem ons tr a te and have cla s s p rac -

tice each ph a se of respon se as

outlined.

4 . Nature of exerci se is to be more

instructional than evaluative.

Em ph a size identifica tion an d

solving of com m on problems m ore

tha n developmen t of full com pe-

tence.

5 . St re ss tha t dea ling wit h a pan i ckedvictim is the m ost da ngerous situa -

tion th e rescuer will ever dea l with ,

a nd th erefore, great ca ution m ust

be exercised.


Use th e followin g n otes to coach studen t divers as they p ra ctice these skills:

1 . Eva l ua tion

a. Hal t approach n ear , though out of reach of the vict im, to a ssess vict im ’s

m enta l state (rationa l or irrationa l).b. Note the locat ion an d type of BCD inflator.

c. Attem pt to ta lk vict im through difficul ty by providing comm an ding, clear

and concise directions (“Inflate your BCD!”).

d. If vict im is un responsive, assum e pa nic an d t reat a ccordingly.

2 . Mak ing Con tac t

a . Un d er wa t er a p p ro a ch

• Approach from knee to ankle leve l (weights ma y be removed a t

th is time).

• Turn or swim a round v ict im to a t t a in a posit ion from behind .




• Ascend mainta in ing contac t, g rasp tan k va lve an d assum e the

“knee-cra dle” position .

• Inf la te v ict im’s BCD.

b . Su rfa ce a p p ro a ch

• At ta i n subst an t ia l per sona l buoyancy.

• At tempt to swim behind v ict im stay ing out of reach .

• Grasp tan k va lve and assum e the knee-cradle posit ion .

• Inf la te v ict im’s BCD.3 . Re leas es

a. Attempt release from vict im ’s grasp by pushing up a nd a way from

victim. (Note th a t prop er a ction is dictated by rela tive size of victim a n d

rescuer.)

Rescue Exercise 3

Response from Shore/Boat(Conscious Victim)

Overview This exercise guides studen t divers th rough the u se of non swimm ing a nd swim-

m ing a ssists to help a diver who is in trouble. Demon strate a nd discuss the m ost

effective meth ods to respon d from th e shore or a b oa t. Em ph a size efficiency an d

bu ild u pon skills pra cticed in previous exercises.


By th e en d of this session , th e diver will be a ble to:

1 . D e m o n s tra t e s ev e ra l p ro c e du re s w h i c h

m ay be useful in providing a ssi s tan ce to a

diver in distress, including :

• No n sw i m m i ng Assists

• En t ry Co n si de ra t io n s

• Eg r es s w i t h Co n s ci o us Vi ct im

• P ost Atte nd an ce

2 . D em o n s tra t e a p pli ca t io n o f in f orm a t i on

a nd ski l ls review ed in Exercises One a nd

Two.

Procedures1. Review ent ry cons idera t ions,

egress, post a ttenda n ce a nd

non swimm ing a ssist techn iques

from Section Five of th e PADI

Rescue Diver Manual .

2 . Div ide cla s s in t o two gr oups

(“victim s” a n d “rescue rs”).

3 . Posit ion v ict ims in water 50-100

m etres/yards from shore/boat

(rescuers positioned on shore/boat).

4 . Assign v ict ims the ro le of e ither

tired or pa n icked divers.

5 . Rescuers a re to respond to vict ims

(without scuba ) an d ta ke app ro-

priate action.

6 . Termina te exercise once v ict im is

on shore/boat .






1. Nonswimm ing Assists

a. Demonstrate an d practice proper technique for throwing a l ine an d

retrieving a distressed diver ap prox ima tely 9 m etres/30 feet from shore/

boat .

b. Discuss use of a stern or tag l ine t rai led behind a n a nchored vessel as a

rescue/a ssista n ce d evice.

c. Demonstrate a nd pract ice using floats , such a s rescue boa rds, l ife r ings,

etc., to provide assistance to a diver, without making physical contact.

d. Demonstrate a nd pract ice using “ma keshift” items such a s BCDs, fender

buoys, and other buoyant objects to provide assistance to the distressed

diver.

2. Entry Considera t ions

a. Always respond with a t least m ask, fins, snorkel and some form of

floatation.

b. When a nd where to don equipment depends on circum stan ce. [Reviewconsiderations a ppropriate to tra ining location.]

c. To reduce swim m ing dis tan ce, a lways enter water at point nearest to

victim.

d. Never enter the water in a m an ner that obstructs your view of the vict im .

3. Egress with a Conscious Diver

a . If exit is difficult , allow victim to rest in order to sa ve energy for when it

is needed most.

b. If the victim is inca pa ble of a ssistin g him self, follow procedures for

un con sciou s victim (covered in Exercise 8).

c. Review techn iques ap propriate to specific t raining locat ion.

4. Post At tendance

a. Discuss considerat ions for ha ndl ing the vict im once out of the wa ter.




Rescue Exercise 4

Distressed Diver Under Water

Overview This exercise switches the student diver’s focus from surface rescues to assisting

a diver experiencing problems underwater. During skills practice, divers deal with

overexertion and out-of-air situations. For most divers, this will be a review of

skills learned in entry-level training. Emphasize that as rescue divers, they need to

be able to recognize these problems quickly and respond appropriately.



1 . D em o n s t ra t e pro f ic ie n c y i n id e n ti fy in g

an d respon ding to a d iver experiencing

dis tress / overexert ion w hi le underw ater .

2 . D em o n s tra t e p ro fi ci en c y a t c o n du c ti n g

an al ternate-air-source ascent (as don or)

w ith a diver simula t ing a n out-of -a ir

s i tuat ion.

Procedures

1 . Recom m ended dep t h is 9 m e tr es/ 30

feet.

2. Assign buddies roles as “vict im s”

and “rescuers.”

3. Vict im s to simulate dis tress/overex-

ertion by breathing rapidly and

ap pearing to be near exha ust ion.

4 . At a d ist ance app r op ria t e fo r loca l

condition s a n d visibility, th e rescuer

is to respond a nd ta ke app ropria te

action to assist the victim in regain-

ing control and proper breathing

rhythm.

5 . Once v ict im i s composed, he is to

indica te, “out of air.”6 . Rescuer is to execute an a lt erna te -

a ir-source ascent with th e victim.


Use th e followin g n otes to coach studen t divers as th ey pra ctice these skills:

1. Dealing with Distress/Overexertion Wh ile Un der Wa ter.

a. Have vict im stop al l act ivity by dem onstrat ing the ha nd s igna l stop.

b. Maintain physical contact to support /provide tact ile feedback to vict im .

c. Have v ict im reestab lish n orma l brea th ing rhythm.

d. If possible, pla ce victim in contact with stationa ry object to fa cilitate

resting.

2. Simula ted Out-of-a ir Em ergency.

a. Discuss proper procedures an d opt ions relat ing to:

• wh ich reg u la t or to d on a t e.

• a t ta ch m e n t o f re gu la t or.

• a pp roa ch to don or.

b. Rescuer shou ld ensure tha t the vict im is calm an d ha s reestabl ished

norm a l brea thing before initiating a scent.




Rescue Exercise 5

Missing Diver

Overview During th is exercise, student d ivers organ ize a nd conduct a sea rch for a m issing

diver. It’s best to ha ve divers look for a n object, rath er tha n a n a ctua l diver

because a bub ble tra il ma y be too ea sy to spot. Review ba sic na vigation with

divers who need a refresh er an d provide a th orough orienta tion to sea rch

techn iques for th ose with little or no p reviou s experience.


By th e en d of th is session, th e diver will be ab le to:

Demo nstrate how to quickly an d ef f ic ient ly

search for and loca te a m issing diver using

an underw ater search pa t tern prescribed by

the in structor.

Procedures

1. Review m issing diver procedures.

2 . Review sea rch pa t te rns and

techn iques a ppropriate for area .

3 . O n sh o re, co n du ct a dr y ru n o f

sea rch pa ttern (s).

4 . In t ea m s , co n du ct a n u n d er wa t er

sea rch for a sim ula ted m issing

diver.



1. Missing Diver Procedures

a . Determine where the d iver was las t seen .

b. Post spotters to watch for bubbles a nd to direct rescuers.

c . Im m ediately dispatch two skin divers to ma rk the last known locat ion

a nd to begin th e initial search (ha ve ma rker buoys ava ila ble).

d. Determine if diver m ay ha ve left area without informing an yone.

e . When ready, d ispa tch scuba t eam s with equipment to in it ia te underwa-

ter search.

2. Underwater Search Techn iques

a. Establ ish a recal l system to a void delay on ce diver is foun d.b. Never subject searchers to undu e dan ger from decompression sickness by

allowing single-handed searching or by using inexperienced divers.

c. Sink , do not swim, to the bottom in order to simu la te how an uncon-

scious diver migh t be a ffected by current.

d. If only inexperienced or unqu al i fied divers are present , conduct the

sea rch persona lly (with a bud dy) ra ther tha n coordina tin g the a ctivity.

e . Term inate the search in 30 m inutes i f the vict im is not foun d. Turn the

search over to profession a ls.




Rescue Exercise 6

Surfacing the Unconscious Diver

Overview Th is exercise a llows stud ent divers to review an d p ra ctice using con trolled

positive buoya ncy during a n a scent – first a lone a nd then with a diver simu lat-

ing u nconsciousness. Em ph a size proper position ing a n d control. Encoura ge

divers to begin th inking a bout th e nex t rescue step wh en th ey rea ch the surface.

Performance RequirementsBy th e en d of th is session, th e diver will be a ble to:

1 . D em o n s t ra t e th e u se o f c o n t ro l le d p o si -

t ive buoyancy as an a i d t o ascent .

2 . D em o n stra t e h o w t o brin g a n u n co n -

sc ious diver to the surface us ing buoy-

an cy con trol of ei ther vict im o r rescuer.

Procedures

1 . Recom m ended dep t h is 7-9 m e tr es/

25-30 feet.

2 . Demons t ra te the use of posit ive

buoyan cy as an ascent aid anda llow studen t divers to pra ctice.

3 . D em o n stra t e pro ced u res a n d

options for surfacing a n u n con-

scious diver.

4 . Have st uden t diver s p rac tice

severa l ascents a ttempting various

options demon strated to determ ine

m ost preferred procedure.

5 . Rem ind “vict im s ” who a r e sim u l a t -

ing u nconsciousness to continu e

norm al breathing a t a l l t imes.



1. Positive Buoya n cy Ascen ts (without victim)

a . Demons t ra te both m echa nica l and ora l inf la t ion .

b. Be prepa red to vent excess ai r a t a l l t im es.

c . Demonstrate how to s low ascent by flar ing out , i f necessary.

2. Surfacing a n Unconscious Diver.

a. Upon discovering th e victim, take note of the s ituat ion, but do not wastetime.

• Caus e o f a cciden t obvious?

• Eq uip m en t in pla ce?

• Posi tion of vict im relat ive to bot tom (face down, float ing off bottom,

etc.)

b. If regulator is in vict im’s mouth, h old i t in place during a scent .

c. If regulator is not in victim’s mouth , don’t waste t ime tryin g to replace it .

d . Grasp vict im f rom behind or by tan k va lve and m ain ta in head in a

normal position.




e. Esta blish positive buoya ncy (victim or rescuer); weights ma y also be

removed a t this time.

f. Do not hyperextend (pul l back) the vict im ’s head or squeeze the chest.

g. During the a scent , visua l ize wha t to do upon reaching the surface.

3. During Student Diver Pra ctice:

a. Watch for correct an d efficient posit ioning.

b. Allow student divers to experimen t with when , how an d who jet tisons

h is weights a n d inflates h is BCD.c. Note an d discuss how techniques ma y require cha nge, if confronted with

different equipm ent configurations.

Rescue Exercise 7

Unconscious Diver at the Surface

Overview Th is exercise teach es stud ent d ivers to prepa re a n on brea th ing diver for resusci-

tation an d to u se va rious m ethods of inwa ter resuscitation. Properly a ttending to

a n un conscious diver at th e surface is a foun da tiona l skill for a ll rescue divers.

Divers who p rogress to lea dership-level cou rses are requ ired to dem on strate

proficiency at this skill.

Consider introducing techn iques in confined wa ter then progressing to open

water pra ctice. Organ ize pra ctice to a void dropp ing or losing equipm ent. En-

courage divers to experiment with various techniques and, if possible, to practice

with victims who h ave d ifferent equipm ent configura tion s.



1 . D e m o n s tra t e t h e f o u r s te p s i n pre p a ri n g a

vict im for inw ater resusc itat ion a t the

surface .

2 . D e m o n s tra t e re su sc it a t io n in w a t e r t o o

deep to s tan d up in .

• m o uth -to -m o uth

• m o uth -to -n ose

• m o u th -t o-sn o rk el

• po ck et m ask

3 . D em o n s tra t e th e a b il it y to r em o v e th e

m asks , w eight be l t s an d BCD/ tank from

both the v ict im an d rescuer whi le con-

t inuing ef fect ive resusc i tat ion in w ater

t oo deep t o s tan d up i n .

Procedures

1 . Conduct in i tia l dem onst ra t ion

a nd pra ctice in sha llow water.

2 . Div ide cla s s in t o t eam s and

a ssign “victim s” an d “rescuers.”

3 . Conduct a r t ificia l resp i ra t ion

(four m ethods) in full scuba a nd

in water too deep to sta n d up in .

4 . Using the mos t prefe rred tech-nique, rescuers are to remove all

equipm ent n ecessary for rem oval

from water while continu ing to

administer effective artificial

respiration.





Use th e following n otes to coach studen t divers a s they p ra ctice these skills:

1. Un conscious diver at the surfa ce (priorities)

a . Conf irm tha t the vict im is unrespons ive.

b. Get the vict im ’s face above water.

c. Est ab lish buoyancy.d . Check for resp i ra t ion .

2. Inwa ter a rt ificial respira tion

a . Prio rities

• Pr even t wa t er from en t er ing a i r way.

• Mainta in e ffect ive an d adequa te vent ila t ions .

• Pace physica l exert ion to avoid exha us tion .

b . Buoyancy — provide only enough to ma in ta in comfortable an d

effective technique.

• Be carefu l not to overinf la te BCD.

• Often buoyancy from exposure sui t i s sufficient .

• Remove weights from vict im, an d usual ly rescuer.

• Addi tiona l buoyan cy is often helpful if placed between vict im

a nd rescuer.

c. Po sitio n in g

• do-si-do

• h ea d cra dle

• m ou th -to-n ose

d . Ven t ila t io n

• To avoid subm erging the pat ient , he should be l ifted toward the

rescuer.

• Administer two slow, fu l l b rea ths .

• In adverse environm enta l condit ions, cover mouth whi le notventilating.

• Administer two slow, full breath s if interrup tions occur between

ventilations.

e . M ou t h -t o-Snorkel

• Review snorkel types a cceptab le for effective techn ique.

• Review posit ioning of snorke l, han ds an d pa t i en t .

• Always adm inister two slow, ful l breath s via m outh-to-m outh,

then proceed to m outh -to-snorkel.

f. Pocket Ma sk — review procedures for use (note m a nu fa cturer’s instructions)

3. Equipment Removal

a . Equipm ent removal is a lwa ys a second a ry priority to a dm inistering effectiveventilations.

b . When and what equipment requi res removal depends upon:

• d ista n ce to ex it

• typ e of ex it

• size of p a tien t

• size and capa bilit ies of rescuer

• typ e o f eq u ip m en t used

c. Remove equipmen t in s tages or short steps so tha t vent i la t ions are not

interrupted.




Rescue Exercise 8

Egress with an Unconscious Diver

Overview This exercise allows student divers to try various egress techniques suitable for the

local open water environment. Stress that the rescuer’s size as compared to the

victim’s size is an important consideration for choosing the appropriate technique.

If possible, conduct this exercise at a site with varying physical characteristics for

broader egress practice – for example, a sandy beach that also has a low pier.


By th e en d of th is session, th e diver will be ab le to:

D emons t ra t e how t o remove a n uncon sc iousdiver, both w i th an d w i thout ass i s tan ce , from

t he w a t er a t an open w at er loca t i on t yp ica l

o f t he l oca l area .

Procedures

1 . Dem ons tr a te una ssist ed eg re ss

(exit) techn iques ap propriate to

loca l area.

2 . Have d iver s p rac tice in t e am s .

3 . Demons t ra te assisted egress tech-

niqu es a ppropriate to local area.

4 . Have d iver s p rac tice in t e am s .



1. Genera l Considera t ions

a . For a n onbrea th ing v ict im, m ain pr ior ity is main ta in ing cont inuous

ventilations.

b. For breath ing vict im , ma in pr iori ty is close m onitor ing to ensure cont in-

ued breathing.

c. If vent ila t ions mus t be in te rrupted:

• Never in te rrupt vent ila t ions longer than 30 seconds.

• If possible, adm inister two vent ila t ions pr ior to interrupt ion an d

readminister two slow, full breaths prior to initiating ventilations

aga i n .

d. Cal l for assistan ce as soon a s possible .

2. Techn iques for egress onto shore

a. Drag (May be most feasible for sm al l rescuer.)

b . Firem a n ’s ca r ry

c. Sa d d leb a ck ca r ry

d . Pa ckstra p c a rr y

e. Surf exi t (i f ap propriate for area) assisted an d un assisted

f. Rocky exi t (i f ap propriate for area) assisted and un assisted

g . Two-pe rson ca r r y

h. Any other exit techn iques ap propriate to local area




3. Techn iques for egress onto boa t, dock or other steep vertical exit

a . Roll-u p

b. Use of backboard (if ava i lab le)

c. Standa rd lifesaving lift

d . Ladder car ry (if ava i lab le)

e. Any other exit techn iques ap propriate to local area

Rescue Exercise 9

First Aid for Pressure-Related Accidents

Overview In th is exercise, stud ent divers pra ctice providin g em ergency care to a diver

suffering from decompression illness. Have divers set up an oxygen unit and

stress th e imp orta n ce of oxygen in d ivin g a ccidents. If possible, ha ve different

oxygen u nits a n d pocket ma sks available for expa n ded practice.



Demo nstrate the recomm ended f irs t

a id p rocedures for a suspected lung

overexpan sion injury or serious

decom pression s ickness.

Procedures

1. Review PADI Accident Man age-

m en t Work Slate.

2 . Dem ons tr a te and p r act ice p r ope r

position ing of pa tient. Discuss use

of backboards an d other ma ke-

shift i tem s to ma inta in diver

comfort.

3 . Review procedures for use of nonresuscitator demand valve

a nd /or free flow oxygen equip-

ment .

4 . Review use of pocket mask with

oxygen when adm inistering

a rtificial respira tion.

5. Review Emergency Management

from Section Three of th e PADI

Rescue Diver Manual .




Rescue Exercise 10

Response from Shore/Boat

(Unconscious Victim)Overview Th is exercise com bines m ost of th e skills stud en t divers h a ve pra cticed in p revi-

ous exercises. It involves assessing an emergency situation, organizing a plan

a nd respon ding from a boa t or shore to the needs of a n u ncon scious,

non breath ing diver. The goal is to provide student divers with a n opportun ity to

a pply th e skills an d kn owledge presented th rough out th is course to a realistic

scenario.



D emons t ra t e w i t h m i n i mal a s si st ance , t he

ap pl icat ion of in w ater resusc i tat ion, egress

an d ap propriate f i rst a id procedures as a

s ingle integrated act iv i ty under real i s tic

condi t ions .

Procedures

1. Divide class in to four -person teams

(victim , rescuer, assistan t a n d

equipment h an dler).

2 . Posit ion vict im an d equ ipm en t

ha nd ler 50-100 metres/ya rds

offshore. Ha ve victim on surface

sim ula te un consciousness.

3 . Rescuer (without scuba) en te rs

water, responds to victim and

initiates a rtificial respiration .

4 . Rescuer transpor ts vict im toward

shore/boat, removing equipment

as needed.

5 . Near shore/boa t , r escuer ca l ls for

a ssistan t. With a id of a ssistan t a n d

while continuing artificial respira-

tion, victim is removed from th e

water an d a ppropriate first aid

mea sures are taken (assum e

pa t ient ha s a p ulse but is not

breathing).

6 . Alterna te ro les an d repea t exercise .




Rescue Exercise 11

Diving Accident Scenario One(Underwater Search)

Overview Durin g this exercise, studen t divers a re asked to respond to a m issin g diver situa -

tion with little or no coa chin g from th e staff. Th is scena rio allows th em to realisti-

cally app ly the emergency ma n a gemen t an d sea rch techn iques they developed in

previous exercises. Emphasize that this is not a test, but an opportunity to practice

and strengthen skills. Repeat the scenario as necessary to build confidence, im-

prove student diver performance and allow everyone to play different roles.



Demo nstrate a procedure for loca t ing a los t

diver through pa rt ic ipat ion in an a cc ident

s imulat ion. Procedure to inc lude:

• In te rv ie w in g t h e v ic tim ’s bu dd y a nd

draw i ng l og i ca l conc l us ions f rom t he

condi t ions present

• Org a n izin g a n d c on du ctin g a q uic k,

e f fect ive search (surface an d un-

derwater)

Procedures1. A diver (st a ff member ) sur faces

an d indicates tha t he h as lostcontact with h is buddy.

2 . The re isn ’t an accu r a te det er m ina -

t ion of depth an d t ime.

3. Li tt le , i f an y other direct ion shou ld

be provided at the briefing (other

tha n p reassignm ent of the dive-

m a ster) as the degree of prepa red-

ness an d respon se is wha t is being

evaluated. Staff should provide no

a dditiona l com m ents, except in

th e interest of sa fety, on ce the

exercise h as com m enced.

4 . The “ lo st d iver ” shou ld be an object

rath er tha n a person, a s a diver’s

bub ble tra il could give awa y

location. Be sure to inform student

divers of this at briefing.

Evaluation CriteriaUse the following questions to evaluate student diver performance:

1. Were duties an d tasks quickly delegated?

2. Were a ll the n ecessa ry tasks a ssigned? (spotters a n d skin divers toinitia te search a nd m a rk area, scuba divers with search equ ipmen t, etc.)

3. Was the search m ethod a ppropria te for the a rea? If not , why?

4. Wa s the search conducted in a n effective an d efficient m a nn er?

If not, why?

5. Wa s the victim found ? If so, h ow long a fter notifica tion of divem a s-

ter? If n ot, how long did sea rch continu e un til divem a ster con ta cted

authorities?

6. Wha t wa s the overall evalua tion of the exercise?




Rescue Exercise 12

Diving-Accident Scenario Two

(Response, Egress and Management)Overview Th is exercise requ ires stud ent divers to use a ll the skills an d kn owledge th ey’ve

a cquired through out th e course to m a na ge a diving a ccident scene. This goal is

to develop a n d a ssess th e studen t diver’s ab ility to work with a group of divers to

effectively rescue a n injured d iver. Em ph a size tha t th is is n ot a test, bu t a n

opportunity to practice and strengthen skills. Repeat the scenario as necessary to

build confidence, improve student diver performa nce a n d a llow everyone to play

differen t roles.



D emons t ra t e t he organi za t i on o f a group o f

divers to effectively respon d to loca te, sur-

face , tran sport an d egress an uncon scious

non breathing diver, us ing app ropriate f i rs t

a id procedures, s i te control and sum m oning

m edical ass i stan ce , through pa rtic ipat ion in

an acc i dent si mul a t i on .

Procedures1. A diver (st a ff member) sur faces,

calls or sign a ls for a ssista n ce an d

a bruptly disapp ears from th e

surface.

2 . The “vict im” returns to the bot tom

a nd assum es a m otionless posi-

tion, sim ula ting un consciousness

(though continuing to breathe).

Instruct student divers to assume

victim is not b reath ing.

3 . Lit tle , if an y, addit iona l informa -tion should be provided a t the

briefing (other th a n

preassignm ent of the divem a ster)

a s the degree of prepa redness a nd

response is what is being evalu-

ated. Staff should provide no

a dditiona l com m ents, except in

th e interest of sa fety, on ce the

exercise h a s com m enced.

4 . Cla s s is t o em ploy app r op ria t e

procedures to bring a bout th efollowing:

a . Recover v ict im f rom the

bot tom.

b. Provide ar t i ficial respirat ion.

c. Tra n sp ort a n d rem o ve

equipment .

d . Exit from the water with v ict im.

e. Provide necessary fi rst a id.

f. Co n tro l scen e a n d su m m o n

assistance.



Evaluation Criteria

Use the following questions to evaluate student diver performance:

1. Was the na ture of the problem properly assessed?

2. Were dut ies an d tasks quickly assigned?

3. Were al l the necessary tasks a ssigned?4. Were the techn iques used to surfa ce the victim effective? If n ot, why?

5. Was art ificial respira t ion a dministered imm ediately an d m aintained

effectively a t th e prop er ra te? If n ot, identify problem s.

6. Was equipm ent removal done in a n effect ive ma nn er? If not, ident ify

problems.

7. Was the exit techn ique used effect ive and a ppropriate for the pa r-

ticula r situa tion/location? If n ot, why?

8. Were proper an d effective first-a id procedures performed? If n ot,

wha t shou ld ha ve been done?

9. Was the accident scene ma intained in a control led ma nn er? If not ,

wha t else could ha ve been done?

10. Were the a ppropriate au thorit ies conta cted?

11. How long did the en tire exercise take from beginn ing to end?

12. Wha t was the overall evalua tion of the exercise?

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60133900 Rescue Diver Course

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