6641104 Complex Sentences Power Point

8/8/2019 6641104 Complex Sentences Power Point

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Understanding Complex SentencesUnderstanding Complex Sentences

A clause : a group of related words that contains a subject and a verbA clause : a group of related words that contains a subject and a verb

CLAUSES

MAIN CLAUSE

SUBORDINATE CLAUSE

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE NOUN CLAUSE ADVERBIAL CLAUSE


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Understanding Complex SentencesUnderstanding Complex Sentences

(2)(2)>>Adjective clause : a sub-clause functioning as an adjective

Who = for people (subject)Who = for people (subject)

Which = for thingsWhich = for things

That = for people + thingsThat = for people + things

Whom = for people (object)Whom = for people (object)

>>Noun clause : a sub-clause functioning as a noun

>>Adverb clause : a sub-clause functioning as an adverb

Analysis: Identify the following clauses.Analysis: Identify the following clauses.1.1. I dont knowI dont know where he liveswhere he lives..2.2. I will goI will go whenever you gowhenever you go..3.3. The cityThe city where we livewhere we live is small.is small.4.4. Where he livesWhere he lives is not known.is not known.


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Adjective clausesAdjective clauses

Problems:Problems:

1. The incorrect use of Relative Pronoun (who,

whom, whose, which, that)

e.g.e.g. That isThat is the womanthe woman whomwhom talked to you last night.talked to you last night.(T/F)(T/F)

The pictureThe picture atat whomwhom she was looking is beautifulshe was looking is beautiful(T/F)(T/F)


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Adjective clauses (3)Adjective clauses (3)

Problems:Problems:

3.3. Subject verb agreement

e.g.e.g.I have burnt allI have burnt all the papersthe papers whichwhich isis found in the pocket.found in the pocket.(T/F)(T/F)


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Reduction of Adjective ClausesReduction of Adjective Clauses

Subj. conj + S + to be Subj. conj + S + verbSubj. conj + S + to be Subj. conj + S + verb

(Verb + ing)(Verb + ing)Examples (possible sentences):Examples (possible sentences):

The man who is talking to me is my brother.The man who is talking to me is my brother.> The man talking to me is my brother> The man talking to me is my brother

Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome.Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome.

> Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome.> Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome.


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Error analysisError analysis

1.1. I apologized to the woman who her coffee II apologized to the woman who her coffee Ispilled.spilled.

2.2. Two days ago, I met some relatives I had neverTwo days ago, I met some relatives I had nevermet before.met before.

3.3. The people who lives in big cities is oftenThe people who lives in big cities is often

depressed.depressed.4.4. A political campaign which lasting for monthsA political campaign which lasting for months

will be costly.will be costly.


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Exercise on adjective clausesExercise on adjective clauses

1.1. The man which answered the phone was impolite.The man which answered the phone was impolite.

2.2. The person whom admire most is my grandma.The person whom admire most is my grandma.

3.3. I met some people who knows my brother.I met some people who knows my brother.

4.4. Life exists in every genetically coded egg and sperm,Life exists in every genetically coded egg and sperm,most of whom are never fertilized at all.most of whom are never fertilized at all.

5.5. This is why Judge Young and the antiThis is why Judge Young and the anti--abortionistsabortionistswho are asserting that life begins at conception arewho are asserting that life begins at conception are

talking arrant nonsense.talking arrant nonsense.

6.6. The students who waiting for their fundingThe students who waiting for their fundingfrom the government were disappointed.from the government were disappointed.


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Adverbial clauses (Adverbial clauses (11))

A CLAUSE : a group of related words that contains a subject and a verbA CLAUSE : a group of related words that contains a subject and a verb

A PHRASE : a group of related words that doesnt contain a subject and a verbA PHRASE : a group of related words that doesnt contain a subject and a verb

Reduced adverbial clauses :Reduced adverbial clauses :

from a CLAUSEfrom a CLAUSEWhile I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend..

S V

to a PHRASEto a PHRASEWhile walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

V


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Adverbial clausesAdverbial clauses (2)(2)

TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLUASESTYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLUASES

1. Adverbial clause ofTIME : when, before, after, etc.

2. Adverbial clause of PLACE: where, wherever3. Adverbial clause of PURPOSE: so that, in order that

4. Adverbial clause of CONDITION: if, unless, etc

5. Adverbial clause of CONTRAST : although, while, etc

6. Adverbial clause of RESULT : sothat, suchthat

7. Adverbial clause of MANNER: as if, as though, as

8. Adverbial clause of REASON: because, since, as


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Adverbial clauses (3)Adverbial clauses (3)

Reduction of Adverb ClauseReduction of Adverb Clause

Subj. conj + S + to be Subj. conj + S + verbSubj. conj + S + to be Subj. conj + S + verb

((verb+ingverb+ing))

Examples:Examples:

Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.

Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.

While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep.

While sitting in class, I fell asleep

.


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The following subordinate conjunctions are normallyThe following subordinate conjunctions are normallyomitted when you reduce the adverbial clauses.omitted when you reduce the adverbial clauses.

BECAUSE WHILE


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Examples:Examples:

1. Because it is added with preservatives, most canned food can lastlonger.

Added with preservatives, most canned food can last longer.

2. While Joe was driving to school yesterday, he had an accident.

Driving to school yesterday, Joe had an accident.

3. Ifhe is asked about it, he never says yes.

If asked about it, he never says yes.

4. Although she came late, she entered the class room.

Although coming late, she entered the class room.


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Problem :

Dangling modifier: in a sentence with a modifier, thein a sentence with a modifier, themodifier must refer to the correct subject, otherwise itmodifier must refer to the correct subject, otherwise itis dangling (illogical)is dangling (illogical)

Examples:

While cooking dinnerWhile cooking dinner, her finger was burnt. (dangling), her finger was burnt. (dangling)

Blown by the windBlown by the wind, I chase the hat. (dangling), I chase the hat. (dangling)

After reading a newspaperAfter reading a newspaper, breakfast is eaten. (dangling), breakfast is eaten. (dangling)


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ErrorError--analysis on Adverbial clausesanalysis on Adverbial clauses

1.1. Even though I was sick, but I went to work.Even though I was sick, but I went to work.

2.2. I like coffee, but my friend does.I like coffee, but my friend does.

3.3. Although I like chocolate, but I cant eat itAlthough I like chocolate, but I cant eat itbecause Im allergic to it.because Im allergic to it.

4.4. The teacher went to the meeting and too ofThe teacher went to the meeting and too of

the students did two.the students did two.5.5. The students crowded around the bulletinThe students crowded around the bulletin

board. Because their graded were posted there.board. Because their graded were posted there.


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Noun clauses (2)Noun clauses (2)

ProblemsProblems

Noun clauses as SubjectsNoun clauses as Subjects

>> The earth is roundThe earth is round isis a fact. (wrong)a fact. (wrong)

Subject V VSubject V V

>> That the earth is roundThat the earth is round isis a fact. (true)a fact. (true)

Subject VSubject V V V

>>That the books are on saleThat the books are on sale is true.is true.

Subject VSubject V


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Noun clauses (3)Noun clauses (3)

ProblemsProblems

Noun clause as Objects.Noun clause as Objects.

HeHe askedasked meme somethingsomething..

S V ObjectS V Object

HeHe askedasked meme how much did I buy ithow much did I buy it..

objectobject

HeHe askedasked meme how much I bought ithow much I bought it..


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Noun clauses (4)Noun clauses (4) Y

es/no question use if/wh

eth

erIs he a student?Is he a student?

I want to knowI want to know whether he is a student?whether he is a student?

Wh- question use without do/did

Where does he live?Where does he live?I want to knowI want to know where does he lives.where does he lives.

Wh- question use with inversion.

What time is it?What time is it?Do you know what time it is.Do you know what time it is.

EXCEPT if question word used as a subject of the question, then NO CHANGE.EXCEPT if question word used as a subject of the question, then NO CHANGE.

WhatWhat is in your pocket?is in your pocket?Can you tell meCan you tell me whatwhat is in your pocket?is in your pocket?How manyHow many students are absent?students are absent?Do you knowDo you know how manyhow many students are absent?students are absent?


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Exercises on clausesExercises on clauses

1.1. Since theySince they movingmoving to East Coast, the Petersonsto East Coast, the Petersons have not beenhave not beenableable to find hometo find home large enoughlarge enough for their family.for their family.

2.2. LovingLoving throughout the Western world, Ballet is a theatrical artthroughout the Western world, Ballet is a theatrical artthat tellsthat tells story through dancestory through dance accompaniedaccompanied by music.by music.

3.3. ..for the team, he attends all the games as a fan...for the team, he attends all the games as a fan.a. He is not selected.a. He is not selected.b. Not selectingb. Not selecting

c. Although is not selectedc. Although is not selectedd. Although not selectingd. Although not selecting

e. Although not selectede. Although not selectedf. Despite not selectedf. Despite not selectedg. Even though he is not selected.g. Even though he is not selected.


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Exercises on clauses (2)Exercises on clauses (2)

4squeezed, the orange in one cup serving4squeezed, the orange in one cup serving

provides twice the minimum daily requirementprovides twice the minimum daily requirementfor vitamin C.for vitamin C.

a. It is freshlya. It is freshly

b. If freshlyb. If freshly

c. You freshlyc. You freshlyd. If it freshlyd. If it freshly

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6641104 Complex Sentences Power Point

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