7 I NTER ACIO L O D E R L P Medium-Term Plan T N E A P A P...

International Potato Center

October 2006

2007–2009 andFinancing Plan for 2007

Medium-Term Plan

CIP

2

00

7-2

00

9 a

nd

Fin

anci

ng

Pla

n fo

r 2

00

7M

ediu

m-T

erm

Pla

n

I N T E R N AC I O N A L

C I P

CE

NT

RO

DE L

A P

AP

AThe International Potato Center (CIP) seeks to reduce poverty and achieve food security on a sustained basis in developing countries through scientific research and related activities on potato, sweetpotato, and other root and tuber crops, and on the improved management of natural resources in the Andes and other mountain areas.

The CIP VisionThe International Potato Center (CIP) will contribute to reducing poverty and hunger; improving human health; developing resilient, sustainable rural and urban livelihood systems; and improving access to the benefits of new and appropriate knowledge and technologies. CIP will address these challenges by convening and conducting research and supporting partnerships on root and tuber crops and on natural resources management in mountain systems and other less-favored areas where CIP can contribute to the achievement of healthy and sustainable human development.www.cipotato.org

CIP is supported by a group of governments, private foundations, and international and regional organizations known as the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). www.cgiar.org


C I P

CE

NT

RO

DE L

A P

AP

A

International Potato Center (CIP) Medium Term Plan 2007-2009 and Financing Plan for 2007 i

Medium-Term Plan 2007–2009 and Financing Plan for 2007

October 2006 International Potato Center

ii International Potato Center (CIP) Medium Term Plan 2007-2009 and Financing Plan for 2007

International Potato Center (CIP) Medium Term Plan 2007-2009 and Financing Plan for 2007 iii

CONTENTS Science Council comments on CIP’s MTP....................................................................................................iv CIP’s Response to the Science Council Commentary on CIP’s MTP, 2007-2009 ...................................... vii MEDIUM TERM PLAN OVERVIEW.............................................................................................................. 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 1 CIP Research Program Context.................................................................................................................... 1 CIP Research Program Discussion: 2005 Highlights.................................................................................... 6 Progress Report on Implementation of EPMR Recommendations............................................................... 8 Highlights of the 2007 Project Portfolio ....................................................................................................... 15

Project 1: Impact Enhancement............................................................................................................... 15 Project 2: Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization.................................................................... 16 Project 3: Genetic Enhancement and Crop Improvement ....................................................................... 16 Project 4. Integrated Crop Management.................................................................................................. 17 Project 5: Natural Resources Management............................................................................................. 19 Project 6: Health and Agriculture ............................................................................................................. 19 Project 7: CONDESAN ............................................................................................................................ 20 Project 8: Global Mountain Program........................................................................................................ 21 Project 9: Urban Harvest.......................................................................................................................... 22

Changes in collaborative arrangements...................................................................................................... 23 Other CGIAR Collective Action Initiatives ................................................................................................... 24 Medium-term Financing Plan....................................................................................................................... 25

Center Financial Indicators ...................................................................................................................... 25 Financial results of 2005 operations ........................................................................................................ 26 Regional Funding Trends......................................................................................................................... 27 Development of 2006 Operations ............................................................................................................ 28 Financing Plan 2007–2009 ...................................................................................................................... 28 Challenge, Systemwide and Ecoregional Programs ............................................................................... 29

MEDIUM-TERM PLAN PROJECT NARRATIVES ...................................................................................... 31 Project 1. Impact Enhancement .................................................................................................................. 31 Project 2. Genetic Resources Conservation and Characterization............................................................. 37 Project 3. Germplasm Enhancement and Crop Improvement .................................................................... 41 Project 4. Integrated Crop Management ..................................................................................................... 51 Project 5. Natural Resources Management ................................................................................................ 58 Project 6. Agriculture and Human Health .................................................................................................... 62 Project 7: Ecoregional Program: Consortium for the Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion (CONDESAN).............................................................................................................................................. 65 Project 8. Global Mountain Program ........................................................................................................... 70 Project 9. Urban Harvest ............................................................................................................................. 75 Annex 1. The Urban Harvest research framework...................................................................................... 80 MEDIUM-TERM PLAN PROJECT LOGFRAMES....................................................................................... 81

Project 1: Impact Enhancement............................................................................................................... 81 Project 2: Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization.................................................................... 85 Project 3: Genetic Enhancement and Crop Improvement ....................................................................... 93 Project 4. Integrated Crop Management................................................................................................ 108 Project 5: Natural Resources Management........................................................................................... 119 Project 6: Health and Agriculture ........................................................................................................... 122 Project 7: CONDESAN .......................................................................................................................... 124 Project 8: Global Mountain Program...................................................................................................... 128 Project 9: Urban Harvest........................................................................................................................ 131

Annex 2. Financial tables ......................................................................................................................... 135

iv International Potato Center (CIP) Medium Term Plan 2007-2009 and Financing Plan for 2007

Science Council comments on CIP’s MTP September 2006 Research agenda The CIP MTP 2007-2009 Project portfolio includes 9 Projects for an approximate total of US$ 22M. The portfolio remains the same as last year. CIP clearly describes the minor changes from last MTP in Outputs, which are mostly mergers of previous planned Outputs. The MTP project narratives and logframes also reflect the changes in response to the last EPMR (2002). CIP reports that the Center has nearly completed the implementation of the 18 EPMR recommendations: two of them have 2006 as a target (conduct a priority setting of NRM and relocation of social sciences resources); and two will be fully addressed in 2007 (consistent framework and skills on sophisticated statistical approach for collection and analysis of basic data and, budgetary quality and transparency). The SC notes that the implementation process has been slow, as the Center’s next EPMR is scheduled to start in 2007. Nature of research CIP’s MTP is very detailed and appears to be based on solid empirical evidence about potential payoffs from the Center’s activities. It is explicit about the Center’s contribution to the MDGs and clearly defines the Center’s research themes, which reflect a move from development activities to research for development with a broadening of partnerships. CIP is increasing its involvement in Africa, Asia and the Caucasus Region, including making knowledge and training materials produced by research activities in LAC available to research and extension groups in Asia and Africa. CIP provides rational justification for the changes in the MTP: taking advantage of prior research (Projects 2 and 3); reflecting new projects (Project 1); attending NARS demands (Project 4); implementing SC recommendations (Project 6); reflecting emphasis in policies, innovation systems and technology results (Projects 7, 8 and 9). The MTP does not reflect an effort to adjust the agenda specifically for alignment with the System Priorities, but the alignment is shown merely through a different accounting. The MTP attempts to show the alignment of outputs to CGIAR priorities but is not very explicit about that. Despite a clear articulation of changes in the MTP, where SP alignment has been stated as one cause, many activities seem to be forced into the SPs (statements such as “the objectives are cradled in the new priorities of the CGIAR”). Some activities are suggested to relate to virtually all the SPs. This has also led to accounting that does not appear logical. For example, in Project 4 (Integrated Crop Management), Output 1 (strategies for improving formal and farmer based seed systems towards enhancing potato and sweet potato production efficiency and competitiveness validated in LAC, SSA and Asia), there is a link made to priority 3A (increasing income from fruits and vegetables). The SC believes that the claim for 100% fit is not justified and that there are components in Projects 5 and 6, for instance, which do not address priority research. The MTP presentation is generally convincing in that most of CIP’s activities are likely to contribute to IPGs; projects 1 (Impact enhancement), 2 (Genetic resources conservation and utilization), 3 (Genetic enhancement and crop improvement), 4 (Integrated crop management) and 9 (Urban harvest) most clearly do. The integration of Project 7 (CONDESAN) with Project 8 (Global Mountain Program) should be improved as a strategy to contribute to IPGs. While Project 5 (Natural resources management) concentrates research activities in 3 target ecoregions, it should strengthen its approach by applying multiple-site analysis and increasing its partnerships, to develop IPGs. In Project 8, the identification of specific problems to be tackled by the research should be improved, as Opportunity 1 and Output 1 are more pre-research activities.

International Potato Center (CIP) Medium Term Plan 2007-2009 and Financing Plan for 2007 v

Project 6 (Agriculture and Human Health), which focuses on pesticide risk reduction in Andean communities, is still an “outlier”, and the issues raised by the SC commentary to CIP’s 2006-2008 MTP, including concerns about the IPG nature of the project’s expected achievements and whether CIP has a comparative advantage in this kind of research, remain un-resolved. Although the narrative talks about the Project’s broader focus (understanding the “culture of pesticide use”; expansion to other contaminants; addressing food safety in addition to obesity; addition of SSA), further details are not given to be convincing about what CIP ought to do. The MTP contains vague references to “obesity” and it is not clear what CIP has in mind in this respect. The SC notes that in the emerging trend’s table (p. 4) obesity is not mentioned. The SC does not recognize the Urban Harvest systemwide program as part of the SPs. Thus, the continuation of the program should be considered part of the 20% of the system's resources spent on research. The SC will continue to monitor the development of this program (and the IWMI program on Urban Waste Water) to determine whether research on urban agriculture may eventually qualify to be a SP. In its commentary to last year’s MTP the SC noted that CIP has a clear advantage in clarifying the role of potatoes in the human diet, particularly in the Andean region. Efforts to increase vitamin C and zinc content in potatoes, one of CIP’s goals, are important as are efforts to promote a better mix of foods (diets) that poor people can afford. Research planning The MTP reflects very good research planning. Nearly all of CIP’s output targets describe research achievements and most of them are sufficiently clear for monitoring achievement. In some cases (Projects 3 and 9) the logframe includes outcome and impact statements for each output target, which increases the specificity of the plan for monitoring purposes. Although the content changes within Projects are well explained, the SC notes quite large changes, mostly reduction, in the resource allocations to Projects, projected this year for 2007, in comparison to projections made last year for 2007, which are not very well reflected in the work plans. The impact pathway description details on the target ecoregions of each project, as defined by CIP’s Visioning exercise are quite informative. What is lacking in the descriptions are the specific conditioning factors (e.g. institutional, policy) potentially inhibiting outputs, outcomes and or impact. In the logframes, the impact statements occasionally need greater specificity about the expected change resulting from CIP’s intervention. Partnerships CIP’s partners and their roles at the output level are clearly identified in the MTP. The role of NARS is well elaborated, differentiating among SSA, South Asia, East Asia and the Andean Region. There is a strong participation of some Universities and NGOs. Many of CIP’s projects operate with a relevant research and innovation network with well-defined roles and responsibilities defined for the partners. Hopefully, and based on such strong partnerships, CIP will be able to delegate more of its more locally-focused activities to the collaborating NARS. CIP’s diverse and appropriate partnerships include its involvement in eleven SWEPs, including those convened by the Center: Urban Harvest, Global Mountain Program and CONDESAN. All SWEPs included in CIP’s MTP appear relevant for the CGIAR. Although CIP does not convene any CP, it has considerable input into the Generation, Harvest Plus, and Water and Food CPs, and its research integration with these CPs is clearly explained. The Urban Harvest program plan is improved with an adequate IPG research agenda, and it seems that sufficient and appropriate networks and individual R&D centers have been identified to implement it.

vi International Potato Center (CIP) Medium Term Plan 2007-2009 and Financing Plan for 2007

The Global Mountain program’s research on strengthening rural-urban linkages, finding livelihood options in mountainous regions, and designing national policies for their sustainable development are also likely to generate IPGs. The program’s output targets are not defined in sufficient detail and do not appear in the partner Centers’ MTPs either. CONDESAN is region specific and therefore the IPGs produced under the Project will be of regional relevance. Integrated water management and improving the livelihood of the target regions are the two main areas of concern which are to be addressed through this project. Stronger links with IWMI and ILRI would greatly complement the research efforts in the project. Following the EPMR recommendations the use of CODESAN’s benchmark watershed sites as the basis for regional projects has increased, and this also brings opportunities to strengthen CIP’s collaborative research in themes that range from biodiversity conservation in the Andes, to development of methodologies to measure poverty dynamics and for instance to adaptation of the participatory Farmer Field Schools research methodology.

International Potato Center (CIP) Medium Term Plan 2007-2009 and Financing Plan for 2007 vii

CIP’s Response to the Science Council Commentary on CIP’s MTP, 2007-2009 September 2006 Introduction CIP thanks the Science Council for its generally positive commentary on our MTP. The MTP continues to be a useful planning device in the center. As the Science Council notes, our research agenda remains largely unchanged from the previous year. Nature of Research Related to the nature of research, the Science Council mixes commentary on presentation style and the substance of the content. We are happy that the science council recognizes that our research agenda is designed to contribute to the realization of the MDGs through specific impact pathways. We group our research into themes that provide a general categorization of the potential impact pathway. We concur with the Science Council assessment of the IPG nature of our research and that the evidence we supplied about potential payoffs is appropriate. We acknowledge the Science Council concerns about the style of presentation of the nature of our research. Our reading of the guidelines provided by the Science Council led us to choose the particular presentation of the alignment of our research agenda with system priorities that concerns the Science Council. We also note that our presentation is further complicated by the uneven structure of the System Priorities document. In that document some priorities and specific goals are quite explicitly defined, while in others the wording is vague contributing to possible broadly divergent interpretations of how to define and where to designate research as system priority x, y or z. CIP acknowledges the Science Council ruling that the TAC-endorsed system wide program Urban Harvest does not have an agenda that is encompassed by the system priorities and will change its reporting accordingly. We will bring this to the attention of the CIP Board Program Committee. Research planning CIP thanks the Science Council for recognizing our efforts in research planning, we find the MTP to be useful in that regard. We are puzzled by the Science Council concerns about reductions in resource allocations to Projects. Since the majority of our research agenda is financed by restricted purpose contracts, by definition the total value of those contracts progressively declines as planning moves forward in time. We choose to report our future year output targets conservatively. If we do not have a high assurance of future funding, we do not report future output targets. We note the Science Council concern with a lack of discussion of specific conditioning factors. We decided that following this guideline was not useful. As the Science Council acknowledges, potential impact is conditioned by many factors. Many of those are generic and the discussion of them in the MTP is not an informative exercise. At 139 pages, the document is already long enough. Partnerships CIP pays particular attention to partnerships and continues to experiment with and refine ways to coordinate, facilitate and network to extend our reach and impact. In particular, we use our position on the steering committees of various of the SWEPs to encourage these system wide programs to seek, define and clarify appropriate roles for their presence in the innovation system. We are happy that the Science Council recognizes that effort.

viii International Potato Center (CIP) Medium Term Plan 2007-2009 and Financing Plan for 2007

International Potato Center (CIP) Medium Term Plan 2007-2009 and Financing Plan for 2007 1

MEDIUM TERM PLAN OVERVIEW Introduction During 2005 we continued implementation of the CIP research program resulting from the CIP Vision, focused on contributing to the Millennium Development Goals. In 2005 CIP prepared a new strategic plan, based on its traditional global agenda and aligned with the newly approved CGIAR System priorities. The strategic plan shows that we are well positioned to contribute to the MDGs. This MTP shows we are well aligned with the System priorities. CIP’s program construct of Research Divisions and Partnership Programs includes the Systemwide and Ecoregional Programs (SWEPs) that CIP convenes. These are clearly described as Partnership Programs and their funding is included as separate and clearly identifiable components in CIP’s financial tables in the text and the tables of this MTP. We continue with the same six projects and three SWEPs programs as reported in the 2006-2008 MTP. There is however, considerable re-definition of Outputs within the projects that is presented below and in the project narratives. CIP Research Program Context The CIP Strategic Plan 2006-2016 During 2005 CIP prepared a new Strategic Plan. The Plan guides the implementation of the CIP Vision. As reported in this same section of the 2006-2008 MTP, in 2003 CIP published a new Vision that commits the Center to prioritize and contribute significantly to 8 of the 18 Millennium Development Targets (www.cipotato.org). In 2004 we aligned our research program into Research Divisions that are centers of expertise and Partnership Programs that are important linkages to users. That alignment was described in this section of the 2006-2008 MTP. The Strategic Plan for Research concludes this cycle of programmatic visioning and strategic planning. In the Strategic Plan we seek to position CIP within the constantly changing external context to best contribute to the MDGs as a research partner for development. To serve our mandate to the CG system and to fulfill our Vision we conclude that we must grow considerably and in particular we must increase our presence and impact in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and East Asia. In their comments on the research program we presented in the 2006-2008 MTP, the Science Council noted with approval the alignment of our program with the new System priorities and the orientation towards producing international public goods. The strategic plan affirms our continuation of the existing program with refinements in targeting. One significant development in the strategic plan is the signal of our intent to open research on sustainable and healthy horticulture. Our experience hosting Urban Harvest, the Systemwide Program on urban agriculture and advances in genomics among the wide and diverse Solanaceae family offer opportunities for an expanded agenda that can serve our Vision. The Strategic Plan continues the MDG targeting we began in the Vision. CIP has long maintained regional offices serving different regions of the world: Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC); Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); South, West and Central Asia (SWCA); and East and Southeast Asia and the Pacific (ESEAP). Because the MDG targets are real people in real places with unique needs and opportunities, we have four research-for-development plans designed to optimize our contributions in these parts of the world. However, because we are primarily a global institution dedicated to producing international public goods, we also have a global science strategy to maintain and strengthen our position as a center of excellence. We identify several global trends and conceptual shifts that are important for our Plan. Global trends include: climate change, pandemics, urbanization, conflicts and security concerns, together with the many facets of globalization including North-South inequalities, a networked world via modern information and communication technologies and changing market access from local to global. Conceptual shifts important

2 International Potato Center (CIP) Medium Term Plan for 2007-2009 and Financing Plan for 2007

Box 1. The CIP Vision

The International Potato Center (CIP) will contribute to reducing poverty and hunger;

improving human health; developing resilient, sustainable rural and urban livelihood

systems; and improving access to the benefits of new and appropriate knowledge and

technologies. CIP will address these challenges by convening and conducting research

and supporting development partnerships on root and tuber crops and on natural

resources management in mountain systems and less-favored areas where CIP can

contribute to the achievement of healthy, sustainable human development.

Box 2. The Millennium Development Challenges relevant to CIP

CIP can contribute to halving, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of the population in extreme poverty (Millennium Development Target 1). CIP can contribute to halving, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer fromhunger (Millennium Development Target 2).

CIP can contribute to reducing by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate (Millennium Development Target 5).

CIP can contribute to reducing by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio (Millennium Development Target 6). CIP can contribute to integrating the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and to reversing the loss of environmental resources (Millennium Development Target 9).

CIP can contribute to achieving, by 2020, a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers (Millennium Development Target 11).

CIP can contribute to addressing the special needs of the least developed countries (Millennium Development Target 13).

CIP can contribute, with the private sector, to making available the benefits of information and communications technologies (Millennium Development Target 18).


for our research agenda are the emergence of Complex Systems theory and the rapid changes in organizational structure and knowledge management. Complex Systems theory provides new approaches to conduct research at the multiple scales at which it is necessary to address the MDGs. We are simultaneously concerned with poverty, hunger, reducing nutrition-related mortality among women and children and providing sustainable alternatives for agriculture and the environment. The sum of the parts is more than the whole and the relationships are non-linear among the parts. Complex Systems theory offers conceptual frameworks and tools to define and address these problems. A hallmark of this approach is the need for multi-disciplinary research teams with broad and sometimes intangible skills. Organizational structures and knowledge management are rapidly changing towards simpler, flatter more decentralized systems involving knowledge workers connected to global exchange. This is combined with increased interest in global, regional and national organization of agricultural research for development. The combination of modern information and communications technology, low shipping costs and institutional innovation leads to a new practice for conducting research and interacting with development partners. We anticipate a further fragmentation of the traditional research method where a single individual or institution develops hypotheses, devises methods, collects and analyzes data and writes up results. In the new setting, knowledge workers in distinct institutions can create virtual teams that can address each of these steps separately. CIP will continue to tailor its research program to contribute to and participate in this fragmented, decentralized research process by taking advantage of services from other centers of excellence and providing our services to others. Impact pathways, themes connecting research to MDGs In the strategic plan we identified key themes which create a logical connection between our research program and our contribution to the MDGs. These themes are a statement of our intended impact pathways and organizational devices to facilitate team formation. The table provides an overview of these themes, impact pathways and the associated MDGs. The Guidelines for preparing the 2007-2009 MTPs request in the project narratives a description of the anticipated impact pathway from research outputs, through outcomes to ultimate impacts. The Guidelines caution “…that generic assumptions applying to nearly all research should not be repeated.” We define the impact pathway aspect of the themes here and simply make reference to this description in the project narratives. Reduce temporal and chronic hunger in vulnerable communities The unfortunate reality of the world is that despite the great increase in global food production many individuals and communities do not have physical or financial access to food year round. Many of the hungry can be reached through our work in rural and urban areas. Vulnerability can be created by many factors. Remoteness, poverty, marginal ecosystems, pest and disease outbreaks, political instability, climate variability, pandemics and urbanization can all create conditions for temporal and chronic hunger. Within communities and families, gender is unfortunately a common explanation for hunger. This theme creates a space where we can focus our own and partners’ expertise to reach the vulnerable with solutions that can reduce constraints, create opportunities, improve productivity and reduce risks in the farming systems where the vulnerable live. Link farmers to markets Many farm families are in poverty traps where their livelihood options conspire to keep them poor. These livelihoods need either slight or radical reworking to provide consistent income that enables the family to move out of and stay out of poverty. Local markets once safe from outside competition now face increased penetration from a wide range of suppliers due to processes of globalization and urbanization. These are realities that these families need to confront without being excluded by the large actors in these commercial systems. Learning to innovate, to collaborate, to engage with market actors and to become more competitive in regional and global markets are challenges for these families.


Price and costs are important competition points when engaging in regional or global markets. Despite low production costs, low yields reverse that advantage and make many farmers high cost suppliers. The desire to compete in markets creates a demand for yield-improving and input-saving technologies to help close the persistent yield and cost gap. Linking farmers to markets is a theme where we can focus our expertise with partners to assist families out of poverty once and forever. Improve access to safe and nutritious food Malnourishment puts a vulnerable individual on a downward spiral of bad health that frequently kills. Disrupted access to traditional sources of nutrition, HIV/AIDS and social and political conflicts create large groups of at-risk individuals. The malnutrition “double burden” also involves unhealthy diets and lifestyles associated with urbanization and the large-scale consumption of modern processed foods. Solutions to malnutrition can be through supplementation, fortification, dietary diversification and food-based approaches. We will create and provide nutrient-enriched cultivars to vulnerable groups, enabling individuals to improve their diets and break that downward spiral towards bad health. We will seek to provide alternatives that reduce agrichemicals and other contaminants in the foods they eat, particularly from urban systems. Sustainable use of biodiversity This theme embraces the core reason for the establishment of CIP, namely to protect and make available the rich biodiversity of potato, sweetpotato and little used Andean root and tuber crops. In this increasingly networked world we must continue to strive to make diverse crops available for multiple uses. This diversification of our diets and uses of agricultural crops helps sustain this important natural resource. This theme captures the range of actions needed to protect, preserve and utilize the valuable diversity CIP holds in its genebanks. Sustainable intensification of potato- and sweetpotato-based farming systems Most of the world’s farms are less than two hectares in size. In Sub-Saharan Africa and many parts of Asia, farms are still shrinking and may continue to do so for the next several generations. As the farm size shrinks many farm families switch to root and tuber crops to meet subsistence and income goals because of the reduced energy produced per unit area and per unit time relative to grains and legumes. Potatoes respond well in cool growing conditions and are important in tropical mid-elevation and highland agro-ecosystems. Thus these small farms are frequently found on steeply sloping land. Farms with declining area are managed more and more intensively. The processes of intensification often mine resources, cause erosion or create ecological imbalances that result in pest and disease outbreaks. These families want and need to intensify their farming practices to produce more food, more reliably and sustainably. This theme will focus our attention on solutions for sustainable intensification of farming systems that will stop or reverse the loss of environmental resources. Sustainable and healthy horticultural in and around cities The world is rapidly urbanizing. Cities are increasingly concentrations of poverty that also put enormous strains on the environment. Because of the chaotic nature of city growth in our target countries, agricultural production is marginalized both politically and spatially. The political marginalization creates challenges to recognize and thus be able to support sustainable production. The spatial marginalization means that agriculture occupies spaces that are frequently unhealthy. This theme opens a new research area in CIP’s program and brings our focus on health and agriculture to issues of food safety, occupational safety and sustainable management of intensive systems. We will build on our existing expertise because of the energy produced per unit area per unit time relative to grains and legumes and acquire new expertise to be able to effectively partner and contribute to sustainable horticulture in cities. The theme will draw on global science assets in genetic enhancement, especially where potato and sweetpotato are target horticultural crops, but also through synergistic research partnerships involving


other horticultural crops. It will also draw on existing assets of integrated crop management (ICM) and natural resources management (NRM) to reduce pesticide use and safely benefit from available nutrients in urban organic wastes. Political marginalization will be addressed through global social science assets in innovation systems and institutional change. New expertise will also be acquired to ensure our ability effectively to partner and contribute to sustainable horticulture in cities. Institutional learning for pro-poor change CIP’s research program is designed to serve the needs of the poor. Beyond the provision of particular technologies the poor need to have sustainable access to better technologies. They need to participate in innovation systems where their voices and opinions can be heard, they need access to prototype technology that broadly satisfies their multiple livelihood requirements and they need to be appropriately involved in learning about and testing this technology. CIP has a long history of developing participatory research and more recently has taken on discovery-based learning approaches such as farmer-field schools as a vehicle to build farmer capacity in managing cropping systems and linking with markets. CIP has also begun to acquire expertise in addressing the broader institutional factors that can inhibit innovation. CIP’s role in this theme is to investigate how these methodologies, approaches and policy leveraging functions can be improved and what are the benefits that accrue to their use. This theme will directly complement and enhance CIP’s other themes and enriches and strengthens its capacity to implement the pro-poor research and development (R&D) cycle as a whole. Table 1: Emerging Trends, Needs, Themes and MDGs Global trends Needs of Poor R&D

Themes MDT Challenges for CIP

Climate change Access to stable and profitable markets

Link farmers to markets Halve number of people suffering from extreme poverty

Pandemics Sufficient food all year

Reduce temporal and chronic hunger in vulnerable communities

Halve number of people suffering from hunger

North-south inequalities

Healthy diet for the family

Improve access to safe and nutritious food

Reduce under five mortality rate Reduce maternal mortality rate

A networked world Profitable and healthy farming

Sustainable intensification of potato and sweet potato based farming systems

Reverse the loss of environmental resources

Increased market penetration

Diverse crops for multiple uses

Sustainable use of biodiversity

Reverse the loss of environmental resources

Conflicts and security

Enhanced capacity for innovation

Institutional learning for pro-poor change

Integrate principles of sustainable development into country policies

Urbanization

Secure and safe crop production

Sustainable and healthy horticulture in and around cities

Improved lives of slum dwellers


CIP Research Program Discussion: 2005 Highlights In 2005, a new potato genetic identification kit comprising 25 microsatellite molecular markers was mapped and used to analyze the genepool structure of cultivated potato collections and 10 markers were tested for identity verification of wild potato species and for refining the potato core collection. True resistance to the sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and extreme resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) were identified through screening and evaluation of collection sets. On the conservation work, quality monitoring tools like the barcode system and workflows have been improved and incorporated as standard best practice. Over 1,500 accessions of potato, sweetpotato and Andean root and tuber crops (ARTCs) were distributed internationally in 2005 and a set of 49 sweetpotato landrace accessions from Papua New Guinea were acquired for conservation in the CIP genebank. Curators from the most important potato genebanks of the world met at CIP to develop the potato global conservation strategy to support the development of the Global Crop Diversity Trust. New tools, practices and protocols to aid the evaluation, selection and diffusion of new potato varieties were improved and implemented. Elite materials with late blight or virus resistance and high tuber quality were established in ESEAP, Central Asia and the Caucasus (CAC) and new countries of SSA and new families of true potato seed (TPS) were evaluated for adaptation in CAC. Private sector collaboration on variety development was strengthened in LAC and bottlenecks in variety development and uptake pathways were documented in SSA. National agricultural research system (NARS) partners in China identified resistant clones from CIP with good adaptation, yield and processing characteristics, one of which is in China’s northwest regional variety trials. Methods were established for measuring potato response to drought stress at the agronomic, physiological and molecular levels. An early generation selection method was applied to selecting germplasm for adaptation to the warm, long-day conditions of northern China and CAC. Baseline information and preliminary estimates of heritability of micronutrient contents were used to set breeding objectives for enhancement of Fe, Zn and vitamin C in potato, demonstrating potential for measurable biological impact. New capacity was established to characterize pre-infection events in late blight and hybrid stocks were developed with new wild species sources. Materials and capacity were acquired for monitoring the bacterial wilt pathogen in plants using a fluorescent mutant. A new source of high levels of resistance to potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) was mapped to chromosome 5 and marker development is in progress. Marker kits for detection of PVY resistance genes were provided to NARS and candidate gene collections for resistance and response to day length were assembled and use to develop a custom microarray for gene discovery. Sweetpotato breeding materials were dispatched to ESEAP, SWCA, LAC and CIP-Nairobi. Fifty landraces of orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) were collected in SSA and their evaluation initiated. New OFSP seeds were developed by open pollination and biparental crosses. Genetic parameters of the “Jewel” population were estimated and used for model calculations, revealing that sweetpotato can be a significant source of Fe and Zn. An OFSP clone (CIP 19906.12) is close to release in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania and others are in final evaluation in Mozambique and Ethiopia. Advanced breeding clones were also selected in ESEAP and SWCA. Near-infrared methods were developed for estimating of protein, carotenoids, Fe, Zn, Ca and P contents in freeze-dried storage root samples, demonstrating sufficient accuracy for quality screening in breeding programs. Twenty-six new simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed and characterization of germplasm was initiated. Microarrays were developed containing cDNA clones from two stages of root development and leaves and more than 10,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were sequenced. Three populations to map genes for ß-carotene and starch biosynthesis were developed and planted for evaluation.


Environmental concerns for the deployment of genetically engineered crops in centers of diversity prompted a two-year field study of naturalized hybrids between potato landraces and wild species in the Peruvian Andes. Only 4% of the plants remained with a lower rate of survival of hybrids as compared to wild species and no botanical seeds were produced for subsequent generations.

A transgene-based system to eliminate the selectable marker gene after use in transgenic plants was provided to several partners in developed and developing countries. Gene technologies for virus resistance appeared to be successful for potato, whereas in sweetpotato no resistance could be observed. Out of eight tested, three Bt toxins were identified as effective against sweetpotato weevils in bioassays conducted to identify candidates for a transgenic strategy for improvement of African cultivars. Late blight management research established new information on early emergence epidemiology. In the tropics with inoculum always present, late blight can strike a crop just at emergence. Modeling and field research established new prediction rules for managing first fungicide spray. Bacterial wilt (BW) management research established the relationship of soil properties and the persistence of BW in soil. Soils that are hostile hosts to BW have high pH, good electrical conductivity, high clay, K, Ca, Mg and B content. Soils that are good hosts to BW have low pH, high sand, Al and Fe content. The bactericide effects of lime and ashes were established in greenhouse and field where lime applications reduced yield losses by 85% to 100%. The biological control effectiveness with antagonistic bacterium, Pseudomonas. putida BA28, was confirmed in greenhouse with 60% to 90% reduction in tuber infection. Biological control measures provided by Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and two strains of Paecylomices fumosoroseus were tested and shown effective against populations of leaf miner fly (LMF) and potato tuber moth (PTM). The nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. were demonstrated to be effective as a field control mechanism for Andean potato weevil (APW). The same nematodes isolated from APW larvae were highly pathogenic to PTM larvae. Neem products and the botanical insecticide Meila azedarach showed a translaminar effect on LMF by increasing pupae mortality. New findings on livelihood strategies in the highlands and the coast of Peru and how farmers cope with climatic risks related to El Niño climate change effects were documented. It is evident that poor farmers are the most vulnerable to climate variability and change. Environmental change is also influencing the rate of appearance and the severity of damage of pest and diseases. A method using remotely sensed data which can identify potato plants infected with potato yellow vein virus (PYVV) two weeks before human visual identification is ready for introduction. An Internet-based dynamic drought risk-mapping calculator together with digital soil mapping in SSA and new method for rainfall interpolation are combined to simulate potato production potential and risks in eastern Africa. This work is combined with growth chamber experiments to develop protocols to increase the speed for evaluating germplasm under abiotic stresses. The capability of pinpointing vulnerable areas is complemented with fieldwork to build adaptive capacity in farming systems management.


Progress Report on Implementation of EPMR Recommendations Name of Center: The International Potato Center (CIP) Dates of EPMR Report Presentation and Discussion: Science Council: 82nd meeting of iSC held in Lima, Peru in April 2002 Executive Council: not applicable CGIAR Annual Meeting: AGM 2002, Manila, Philippines, Oct 28 to Nov 1, 2002

Implementation Recommendation Center's Response

Milestones Progress Achieved

Target date of completion

1. Integration of breeding efforts under single leadership

One of the results of the CIP Vision exercise (see Recommendation 18), conducted from 2002-2004, was the re-structuring of CIP’s research program. The current research program, which became operational in 2004, includes the Research Division of Germplasm Enhancement and Crop Improvement (MTP Project 3). This Research Division brings together CIP’s breeding efforts for all commodities under the leadership of Division Leader Dr. Merideth Bonierbale.

Fully implemented

2. Urgent identification of resources to establish a state-of-the-art high-throughput genotyping facility; skills and competency strengthening in bioinformatics and computational biology

A high throughput (HTP) genotyping facility was established at CIP in early 2004 with special project funds from Spain and Germany. We purchased an automated sequencer needed to reliably produce high quantities of DNA fingerprints (Licor 43000 with 5 user licenses producing minimum of 480 DNA fingerprints per day). Simultaneously, we increased our capacity in DNA extractions by purchasing from Qiagen a tissue lyser devise using DNAeasy 96 plant kit, which processes 2 x 96 samples in 1.5 hours.

The main research activity of the HTP lab has been the production of microsatellite (SSR) marker data for potato for the Generation Challenge Program (50 SSR markers on 716 native potato genotypes and 2 mapping populations). Recently, a new research project has started to look at diversity of native potatoes conserved in situ. By the end of 2005, we expect to produce a SSR marker data set for sweetpotato.

Our capacity in bioinformatics was significantly increased (4 new assistants) in parallel with the acquisition of a high power computer (HPC) system, with Generation Challenge Program (CP) funds. And, one full-time internationally recruited scientist (IRS) is now leading the Research Informatics Unit (RIU). CIP has led the effort of installing the HPC for the Generation CPand in collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is co-leading the identification and customization of additional software for the

Fully implemented





HPC. CIP has been recognized in the Generation CP bioinformatics community as a leader in geographical information systems (GIS), data-warehouse technology and certain best practices in programming and development for computational biology. New skills in bioinformatics were acquired through training given by a senior programmer of the European Bioinformatics Institute in November 2004 (on web-services and EMBOSS).

Several international collaborations have been initiated or revived through training events and visits to further strengthen capacity in: Expressed sequence tag/single nucleotide polymorphism (EST/SNP) pipelines (EMBRAPA, Brazil), in comparative genomics (National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Cornell) and genotyping databases (Scottish Crops Research Institute, Germinate). Funding for these activities is provided through a variety of collaborations under the Generation CP.

3. Within overall Center strategy, conduct a priority setting of NRM to ensure balance between: applications vis-à-vis process; CIP mandate crops vis-à-vis livestock-based production systems

As part of the Visioning and Targeting Exercises (see Recommendation 18), we have targeted and prioritized research and intervention in potato and sweetpotato production systems. In some of the highland potato production systems, livestock is one of the system components. However, work on mountain systems that do not include potato production is being phased out.

As shown in the NRM logframe (MTP Project 5), described outputs clearly indicate that EPMR recommendations have been taken into account by the NRM Project, as there is an emphasis on the application of analytical methods and tools on CIP mandate crops. More than 70% of output targets included in the MTP deals with potato and sweetpotato systems. The MTP indicates that most of the specific problems to be tackled by the project are related to the need to improve root and tuber crop statistics and yield forecasts in target areas with high population of resource-poor farmers and to enhance the capacity of complex systems to absorb shocks and maintain function, benefiting poor farmers. As to application, several NARSs in LAC, Asia and Africa are already using analytical tools developed by the NRM Project for agro-ecological zoning and priority setting. The new Strategic Plan confirms the importance of NRM research in potato and sweetpotato systems research. A CCER will be conducted during 2006 to obtain expert evaluation on our progress on this recommendation.

NRM CCER to be conducted in 2006

Incremental implementation

October 2006

4. All CIP scientists to work together in the Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la

CIP reminded the EPMR Panel that CONDESAN is an official CGIAR Ecoregional Program with its own Board; CIP has a seat on the Board and hosts the Coordination Unit of CONDESAN. As such, we could only recommend to the CONDESAN Board that

Fully implemented





Ecorregion Andina (CONDESAN) benchmark watersheds and use them as a mechanism for development, evaluation and dissemination of integrated technologies and policy.

partners use CONDESAN as a mechanism for development, evaluation and dissemination.

CONDESAN benchmark sites are the basis for recent Consortium regional projects; these projects increasingly offer opportunities for collaboration with CIP. In 2005, CONDESAN is implementing activities with four of the six CIP Research Divisions and two of the Partnership Programs. Selected examples of on-going collaboration include: (a) comparison of conservation and traditional agricultural practices; (b) joint initiative to conserve biodiversity in the extremes of the Andes (see MTP Project 2 log frame) (c) a methodology on measuring poverty dynamics;(d) design of the Pro-poor Livestock Policy Initiative (PPLPI) with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); (e) adaptation of the participatory Farmer Field Schools research methodology; (f) study on CONDESAN as a pilot case to analyze CIP's role as a Convening Center of partnership programs with the backstopping of the Future Harvest Institutional Learning and Change (ILAC); (g) InfoAndina implementation of the e-consultation on the worldwide Mountain Partnership Action Plan, a responsibility undertaken by CIP.

Additionally, CIP’s new Strategic Plan will result in focused learning sites where CIP staff will work together with partners to implement (and learn from) the new research and development paradigm. In Latin America, the first learning site has been identified as the Peru-Bolivia Altiplano.

5. CIP to continue to have strong scientific vision and methodological input in the CONDESAN consortium; Technical Committee and coordinators of crosscutting themes to be revived

The Technical Committee has been revived under a new format. It is now composed of CIP and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) representatives and by the leaders of the so-called CONDESAN Initiatives (benchmark sites and regional projects). Dr. Peter Trutmann, Coordinator of the Global Mountain Program (GMP), is CIP's representative of the Technical Committee of CONDESAN. CIP scientists have been actively involved in the participatory exercise to build the Road Map of CONDESAN for the next five years. The Road Map emphasizes areas of innovation in agricultural systems and integrated management of water resources.

In 2005, CIP created an Andean Coordinating Committee as a new standing committee of the Center, where CONDESAN and other Center representatives meet to facilitate joint action in Andean-based activities.

Fully implemented

6. Continue the interaction of social scientists with biological and physical scientists but with

CIP has a strong history of effective integration of the biological and social sciences, which has yielded strategically useful knowledge to biophysical researchers. This integration has kept the research agenda that is led by social scientists focused on

Fully implemented





broader involvement of partners and constituency groups

problems relevant to their colleagues, thus the social sciences in CIP have never suffered from isolation or marginalization within the Center. CIP Management is committed to maintaining that historical strength. The new Strategic Plan provides for full integration of social scientists in the research for development cycle. Within the new research program, MTP Projects 1 and 4 are lead by social scientists, with social scientists also housed in Project 6 and collaborating across all of the research projects. Two of our Partnership Programs are led by social scientists. Our new regional leader in SSA is an economist. In addition to engaging with their biological scientist colleagues in CIP, the social scientists at CIP have pioneered participatory approaches to research not only in focused agricultural technologies but also empowerment of rural communities and institutional arrangements that connect different market chain actors.

7. Reallocate social sciences resources to do more work on science and technology policy issues

Progress on this recommendation has been slow pending the completion of the 2005-2006 strategic planning exercise. With the completion of the Strategic Plan for Research, the Board of Trustees recognized that there is policy-relevant research being conducted across the Center. In April 2006, the BoT recommend we conduct an internal exercise to document the policy-relevant information that is being generated for decision-makers.

Internal exercise


2006

8. Develop a consistent framework for the collection and analysis of basic data on adoption and constraints; strengthen skills on sophisticated statistical approaches for collection of such data

With respect to the framework for collection and analysis of data and statistical approaches, in late 2002 CIP created a Research Informatics Unit (RIU). RIU has developed a basic generic framework, tentatively called CIPEX, to manage and analyze data on field and laboratory experiments. The framework passed the prototype stage in March 2005 and is now (June 2005) in the pilot phase with selected users. We expect broader use by end of July 2005. The framework is web-based, thereby allowing easy sharing of data on both intranet and internet. This will also allow global analysis of data across localities. Components in the framework include a system for micro-management of projects and experiments and a statistical package with custom procedures to generate designs and automate analyses and reports wherever appropriate. The latter is intended to lessen the burden of repetitive tasks and promote best practices in statistical analysis. Additionally, the custom statistical procedures are also based on a freely available statistical package (“R”, http://www.r-project.org ) – thus promoting their re-use by collaborators. CIP’s statistician has conducted several training courses at CIP headquarters and abroad using this package and the custom procedures.

Specifically responding to the adoption and constraints of CIP’s improved varieties, within the new Research Program the Research Division on Germplasm Enhancement and Crop Improvement has created an entire project on Germplasm Uptake and

New round of variety adoption and impact studies initiated


2006-2007





Utilization. This project includes an initiative to promote CIP materials more aggressively in targeted regions and production systems that are ripe for varietal change. In 2006, A post doctoral student with strong statistical skills was posted in Africa to begin adaptation constraint studies on CIP’s orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties. CIP has also made a greater commitment to participatory plant breeding to incorporate users’ criteria, thereby speeding up the process of varietal selection and enhancing the odds that suitable varieties will be forthcoming. CIP has had more success with smaller NARS having less potato-growing area than with larger, stronger NARS. Efforts to increase Center presence in countries where potato-growing is more important, such as China, will help to redress these historical disparities in CIP-related varietal change.

9. Formulate a strategy for engaging in different types of partnerships, including the private sector

From its inception, CIP has put a premium on partnerships. As a consequence, we have long-established practices and habits for engaging with partners. However, noting the dynamic external institutional environment in which CIP operates, the EPMR panel is correct in noting that the Center should systematize the knowledge of past experience and maximize future effectiveness of partnering through a conscious policy for engagement.

The re-structuring of the CIP Research Program resulted in one constellation of Partnership Programs, which include the CGIAR SWEPs that CIP hosts, as well as several other Partnership Programs specific to potatoes and sweetpotatoes. This restructuring reflects our partnership strategy of creating an identifiable space for partners within the larger context of CIP. The new Strategic Plan establishes the strategy for engaging in different types of partnerships in different stages of the research for development cycle.

Fully implemented

10. Encourage more frequent publications in refereed journals and set more demanding annual publication performance targets

In 2003, the Office of the Director of Research implemented a new on-line reporting system for CIP Information Outputs, which specifically tracks 16 different types of publications, including peer-reviewed publications. As of 2005, the new individual work plans for CIP scientists explicitly include publication plans. In the 2004 and 2005 Performance Measurement Reports, CIP reported 1.16 and 1.17 peer-reviewed publications, respectively. That is, each IRS scientist is, on the average, publishing more than one peer-reviewed publication per year. Given CGIAR scientists are actively involved in capacity strengthening activities as well as research, we deem 1 peer-reviewed publication per year to be an appropriate performance target.

Fully implemented

11. Reallocate resources from Resource Mobilization at CIP has continued to grow, primarily through restricted grants. Fully





management staff to hire a competent international development officer and use the leadership of that officer, together with a marketing survey, to develop a strategic plan for increasing external funding

Since the last EMPR in 2002, funds approved in grants have totaled US$38.4 M. Additionally, in response to this EPMR Recommendation, CIP hired a full time IRS as Chief of Resource Mobilization in 2004 and allocated two support staff positions to the Resource Mobilization Office.

The Chief of Resource Mobilization took up her office in September 2004. She is prioritizing efforts to re-define the project development process, developing business plans together with project leaders and re-assigning responsibilities for fund-raising among Directors, project leaders and Regional Leaders. A preliminary strategic plan for increasing external funding was presented to and accepted by the Board at the April 2006 Annual meeting.

implemented

12. That the Board of Trustees change CIP’s External Auditor at the conclusion of the current end-of-year audit/reporting cycle and every 3-5 years thereafter

A new External Auditor, Deloitte and Touche, was contracted immediately in April 2002. In 2005, the Board’s Internal Audit Committee recommended a change auditors; this was endorsed by the full Board at the March 2005 Board Annual meeting. Accordingly, at the April 2006 Board Annual meeting, BOD was appointed as the External Auditor for the 2006-2008 period.

Fully implemented

13. Completion, as soon as possible, of the changes required to transform CIPFIS into a full-fledged Management Information System; managers at all levels to be given access to complete and transparent budgetary information on the activities they are accountable for; CIP management to devise incentives to encourage and increase cost-consciousness and efficiency

The CIPFIS enhancements to implement forward commitment for goods and services were advanced and fully implemented in November 2002, in order to provide more complete budgetary information for project leaders. In November 2005, the new Director General appointed an MIS Task Force. A 150-page Task Force report with recommendations was presented to the Board of Trustees at the April 2006 Annual Meeting. The Center is now considering alternate recommendations to integrate all systems, including human resources management and to establish a fully-integrated Management Information System by 2007.

Implementation of MIS Task Force recommendations


2006-07

14. The Board to ensure that it receives adequate financial and budgetary information from management and that it spends sufficient time exercising its

As of 2002, the Internal Audit Committee stepped up oversight functions. The Board currently receives Quarterly Financial Reports from the Chief Financial Officer (CFO). Financial and budgetary matters are addressed at the Executive Committee meetings (in October and March each year) before the Annual Board meeting. A CCER on CIP Financial Management was called for by the Board at the March 2005 annual meeting. A

Fully implemented





budgetary and financial oversight functions

Financial CCER was conducted in April 2005, with very positive findings.

15. Board to be more challenging and forward looking in its discussions of the Center’s long-term scientific strategy

The Board Program Chair co-chaired (with the DDG-Research) the entire process for the Visioning, Targeting and Research Realignment Exercises. The entire Board of Trustees was involved in the review and approval of the CIP Vision. The Program Committee is overseeing the Strategic Planning process. The BoT Program Committee also formed a sub-committee on Science and Technology Policy in 2004, in order to address critical longer-term issues related to scientific strategy (e.g. GMO research, Intellectual Property issues).

Fully implemented

16. The DG not be a member of the Nominations Committee and that the DDG-F/A (Finance and Administration) not be the Secretary to the Board and its Executive Committee

The CIP Board of Trustees accepted the first point of this Recommendation and removed the DG from the Nominations Committee in 2002. However, the Center’s founding statues prescribe that the DDG-F/A serve as the Secretary to the Board. The Board continues to work actively to improve corporate governance.

Fully implemented

17. Develop a vision and strategic plan that integrate crop improvement and protection, natural resource management and the social sciences in an approach that will guide the understanding of problems developing countries face as they experience economic development

From 2002-2003 CIP conducted Visioning, Targeting and Research Realignment Exercises. The process and outcomes of these Exercises have been published and widely distributed (see The CIP Vision: Preserving the Core, Stimulation Progress, www.cipotato.org). As a result of these Exercises, the CIP Research Program was re-structured and this new Program became operational in 2004.

In 2005, CIP conducted a Center-wide exercise on organizational change and strategic planning for research. The Strategic Plan for Research was presented to the BoT and was the sole topic of discussion and debate at the full-day Program Committee meeting in April 2006. The Strategic Plan has been approved by the Board and will shortly be posted on the CIP website for public comment.

Fully implemented

18. The Vision statement and the strategic plan be connected and used to establish a robust set of priorities to guide resource allocation in CIP in the coming years.

As stated under Recommendation 17, the Strategic Plan for Research is being completed. Out of this programmatic strategic planning will come a more complete Corporate Plan including an analysis of financial realignment for both human and economic allocations across the Research Divisions and target Regions. The priorities defined within programmatic strategic plans will also inform the evolution of business plans and inform a final strategic plan for resource mobilization that supports and drives achievement of CIP’s Vision.

Fully implemented


Highlights of the 2007 Project Portfolio The 2007 project portfolio presented in this document differs from the 2006 portfolio mainly in the redefinition of project outputs. We add a few new output targets to this year’s logframes. Most new targets reflect activities resulting from new funding. These are noted below and in the project narratives. We do not report any non-System Priority activities such as free standing training or development activities. We may report development activities in next year’s MTP as we believe we will be successful in a proposal invited by the Government of Afghanistan to strengthen the potato system there. This would be administered through the Future Harvest Consortium to Rebuild Agriculture in Afghanistan. To put the strategic plan into operation and to align our internal reporting to the external reporting requirements of the MTP and the project management (PM) system, we redefined several project outputs, seeking to reduce their number and reach consistency in size and scope of the effort portrayed in them. As we described in last year’s MTP, our internal research structure is arrayed in six Divisions. We report those Divisions here as MTP projects. We continue to host the same Systemwide and Ecoregional programs: Urban Harvest, Global Mountain Program and CONDESAN, and those are reported separately as required. The Science Council comments on our presentation of last year’s program noted that ‘…CIP has a strong international public goods research program with a relatively limited set of activities on national programs and development activities.’ We were pleased with that endorsement and interpret it to mean that our research program is well aligned with the new System priorities (SP) and correctly balanced between SP and non-SP activities. Elsewhere the Science Council commented ‘…the activities in the Research Divisions have a strong research focus. Regarding research content, Projects 1 through 4 …are particularly noteworthy and deserve praise.’ These projects continue without major changes from last year. Our projects five and six received less favorable comments from the Science Council. We respond to those critiques below. Project 1: Impact Enhancement Our Impact Enhancement project is designed to assist the center implement the research for development cycle. The research for development cycle is described in last year’s MTP and in greater detail in the Strategic Plan. The project provides information on targeting, needs and opportunities assessment, including facilitation of linkages to dissemination and impact analysis. Impact analysis is an integral feedback loop in the research for development cycle. Thus there is an output and output targets associated with impact analysis. In the context of the research for development cycle, we concluded that our output for information provision on commodity trends was part of our targeting strategy and the databases and analyses related to global trends will be included as output targets in a new output on targeting and needs and opportunities assessment. We note with interest that the guidelines for this year’s MTP exclude reports of impact assessment as output targets, while this year’s Performance Measurement guidelines suggest that the Center should conduct several impact studies each year. Since the guidelines request that the Center’s entire approved research agenda be reported in the project logframes, we wonder where such activities should be recorded. New results or projects The HarvestPlus Challenge Program Reaching End Users project contains an important monitoring and evaluation component for its work on OFSP in Uganda and Mozambique. Activities related to this new project will be reported as new output targets in Output 1. New projects seeking novel methods for encouraging institutional innovation and connecting farmers to markets in the Andes will create new output targets in Outputs one and two.


Project 1: Impact Enhancement Outputs 2006-2008

Outputs 2007-2009

Description of Change

Output 1 Reliable and up-to-date information on potato and sweetpotato commodity trends strengthened (3 years) Output 2 Impact of CIP-related technologies on livelihoods determined (3 years)

Output 1 Improved data and methods for research targeting and resource allocation developed (3 years)

06-08 Outputs 1 and 2 merged. Output targets also merged.

Output 3 Value added to CIP commodities through post-harvest innovations (3 – 5 years)

Output 2 Value added to CIP commodities through linking farmers to markets and post harvest innovations (3-5 years)

06-08 Output 3 is moved here.

Output 4 Pro-poor policies and institutions identified and documented (3 years)

Output 3 Pro-poor policies for institutional learning and change identified and documented (3 years)

Contains output and targets from 06-08 Output 4 plus new targets on institutional learning.

Project 2: Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization This project is unchanged with the exception of a merger of an output that provided for distribution and capacity strengthening. Activities related to this output have been incorporated into the other two outputs. New results or projects: Project 2: Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization Outputs 2006-2008

Outputs 2007-2009


Output 1 Wild and cultivated genetic resources of potato, sweetpotato and nine other root and tuber species and associated information collected and securely conserved through integrated ex situ and in situ approaches (2006-08)

Output 1 Wild and cultivated genetic resources of potato, sweetpotato and nine other root and tuber species and associated information collected and securely conserved through integrated ex situ and in situ approaches (2006-08)

Same output targets with additions of distribution and capacity strengthening-related output targets from 06-08 Output 3.

Output 2 The diversity of wild and cultivated genetic resources of potato, sweetpotato and nine other root and tuber species characterized and useful biotic and abiotic traits and nutritional and health-related at-tributes identified and documented (2006-08)

Output 2 The diversity of wild and cultivated genetic resources of potato, sweetpotato and nine other root and tuber species is characterized and useful biotic and abiotic traits and nutritional and health-related attributes are identified and documented (2006-08)

Same output targets with additions of capacity strengthening-related output targets from 06-08 Output 3

Output 3 Wild and cultivated potato, sweetpotato and nine other root and tuber species distributed to users worldwide. NARS institutional capacities enhanced for using modern genetic and informatics technologies in genebank management (2006-08)

The output targets associated with this were moved to new Outputs 1 and 2

Project 3: Genetic Enhancement and Crop Improvement We reduced the number of outputs from seven to four in this project. The development of improved planting material from the search for genes to varietal release is a continual process with many intermediate steps. The decision to divide that process into many or few outputs depends on individual


preference for lumping or splitting. We are now favoring the lumping school and systematically considering the production of improved stocks, tools, information and methods as an intermediate step towards the production of improved families and lines. New results or projects A new project to screen Bt isolates for toxicity to sweetpotato weevil, incorporate those into gene constructs and transform an appropriate East African sweetpotato cultivar creates new output targets for this project. Last year we reported putative BW resistance. Further testing has thrown that conclusion into doubt and is being followed up again this year. The successful calibration of the Near Infrared Spectrophotometry (NIRS) method for estimating nutrient content in sweetpotatoes resulted in a new project to test this rapid screening method to other HarvestPlus crops. Project 3: Genetic Enhancement and Crop Improvement Outputs 2006-2008

Outputs 2007-2009


Output 1 Effective strategies for the identification and dissemination of high-yielding, resistant and nutritious potato and sweetpotato varieties available for each CIP region (3-5 years)

Output 1 Effective strategies for the identification and dissemination of high-yielding, resistant and nutritious potato and sweetpotato varieties available for each CIP region (3-5 years)

Output 2 Improved clonal and sexual varieties, parental lines and populations of potato with resistance, nutritional and market traits are developed, assessed and disseminated Output 3 Genetic stocks, genomic tools, information and methods are developed to enhance the use of diversity for resistance, stress tolerance and nutritional traits in potato (3-5 years)

Output 2 Potato populations, clones and true seed varieties with resistance, nutritional and market traits are developed for SSA, LAC, ESEAP and SWCA and breeding methods tools, information and capacities are enhanced (3-5 years)


Output 4 Sweetpotato populations and clones with superior agronomic and end-use quality characteristics are developed for SSA, LAC, ESEAP and SWCA (3-5 years) Output 5 Genetic stocks, genomic tools, information and methods are developed to enhance the use of diversity for improved productivity and nutritional value in sweetpotato (3-5 years)

Output 3 Sweetpotato populations and clones with superior agronomic, nutritional and end-use quality characteristics are developed for SSA, LAC, ESEAP and SWCA and breeding methods tools, information and capacities are enhanced (3-5 years)


Output 6 Transgenic potatoes and sweetpotatoes for resource-poor producers and consumers are developed and tested (3-5 years) Output 7 Best practices for transgenic potato and sweetpotato management to increase beneficial impacts are available (3-5 years)

Output 4 Transgenic potatoes and sweetpotatoes for resource-poor producers and consumers are developed and tested using good practices (3-5 years)


Project 4. Integrated Crop Management During the next several years, our Integrated Crop Management project will show shifts towards more component focused research consistent with the objective to produce international public goods. Output 5 shows we will continue with selected testing of integrated solutions as a research question seeking to identify synergistic or antagonistic technical and economic effects. The integrated evaluation will typically be done with participatory approaches and thus take the appearance of pilot trials putting together local solutions to local problems but they are not.


New results or projects The HarvestPlus Challenge Program Reaching End Users project contains an important seed-system research component for its work on OFSP in Uganda and Mozambique. Activities related to this new project will be reported as new output targets in Output 1. Project 4: Integrated Crop Management Outputs 2006-2008

Outputs 2007-2009


Output 1 Strategies for improving formal and informal seed systems for potato and sweetpotato validated in LAC, SSA and Asia (3-5 years)

Output 1 Strategies for improving formal and farmer-based seed systems towards enhancing potato and sweetpotato production efficiency and competitiveness validated in LAC, SSA and Asia (3-5 years)

Greater emphasis on farmer productivity and competitiveness

Output 2 Strategies for conservation agriculture and soil fertility management as components of ICM in potato and sweetpotato cropping systems developed in key countries in LAC, SSA and Asia (5 years)

Output 2 Strategies for improved agronomy management as components for ICM for subsistence and semi-commercial potato and sweetpotato growers developed in key countries in LAC, SSA and Asia (5 years)

This output was previously oriented specifically to develop strategies for conservation agriculture and soil fertility management as components of ICM. However, NARS require strategies and methods for improving technical integration of crop management components, which includes soil fertility and conservation agriculture but as integration mechanisms in relation to seed, disease and insect management

Output 3 Management components against potato and sweetpotato diseases, late blight (LB), bacterial wilt (BW) and viruses developed, tested and dis-seminated within ICM strategies in LAC, SSA and Asian priority countries (3-5 years)

Output 3 Management components against potato and sweetpotato diseases – late blight (LB), BW and viruses – developed, tested and disseminated within ICM strategies in LAC, SSA and Asian priority countries (3-5 years)

Greater emphasis on component development

Output 4 Management components against potato insect pests (APW, PTM, LMF) developed as part of ICM strategies in LAC, SSA and Asia priority countries (3-5 years)

Output 4 Management components against potato and sweetpotato insect pests (APW, PTM, LMF) developed and part of ICM strategies in LAC, SSA and Asia priority countries (3-5 years)

Greater emphasis on component development

Output 5 Strategies and methods for technical and socioeconomic integration of ICM components devel-oped and made available for NARS in LAC, SSA and Asia conditions.

Output 5 Strategies and methods for socioeconomic integration of ICM components developed and made available for improving potato and sweetpotato innovation systems in LAC, SSA and Asia (5 years)

In the last MTP this output included the development of strategies and methods for both technical and socioeconomic integration. Now the development of methods for technical integration is part of Output 2. Here the emphasis is


Project 4: Integrated Crop Management Outputs 2006-2008

Outputs 2007-2009

Description of Change specifically on the development of participatory strategies and methods for socioeconomic integration of ICM

Project 5: Natural Resources Management As noted in last year’s MTP, the NRM project focuses on landscape level challenges in potato and sweetpotato agro-ecosystems where other CIP Divisions are present. This is a change from the past when the NRM project focused on mountain systems. The logframe presented last year reflects that change. The logframe this year is largely unchanged. The outputs and output targets are designed to overcome the natural site-specificity dilemma of most NRM research and produce international public goods. The NRM project focuses on selected elements of the INRM approach expounded by CGIAR’s INRM group. New results or projects During 2005 a major new project for implementation in the Peru and Bolivia Altiplano was awarded. Several new output targets were added to Outputs one and three. Project 5: Natural Resources Management Outputs 2006-2008

Outputs 2007-2009


Output 1 Methods, options and strategies for improved targeting and Environmental Vulnerability Analyses, preparedness and mitigation in the Andes, SSA and SWCA developed (5 years)

Output 1 Methods, options and strategies for improved tar-geting and Environmental Vulnerability Analyses, preparedness and mitigation in the Andes, SSA and SWCA developed (5 years)

Unchanged

Output 2 Tradeoffs between productivity and the environment in target systems in the Andes, SSA and India evaluated (3 years)

Output 2 The effect of external dynamics on targeted ecosystems in the Andes and East Africa documented (3 years)

Title of output changed to clarify expanded category of analytical subjects. Output targets unchanged.

Output 3 Principles and approaches to develop adaptive capacity in agricultural systems in the Andes, SSA and Asia identified (5 years) (with GMP)

Output 3 Principles and approaches to develop adaptive capacity in agricultural systems in the Andes, SSA and Asia identified (5 years) (with GMP)

Unchanged

Project 6: Health and Agriculture In their comments on the Health and Agriculture project presented in last year’s MTP, the Science Council observed that many of the outputs and output targets were about localized activities from which it was difficult to deduce the contribution to research and even more difficult to perceive the links to international public goods type research. In our response to the comments we acknowledge these concerns and


promise to correct them. As result the project outputs are restated and the number and nature of output targets are changed to accurately reflect our goals for this project. New results and projects A new project to examine the cultural attachments to pesticides and investigate the linkages to pesticide reducing crop management options in the Andes will add new output targets to output one. Project 6: Health and Agriculture Outputs 2006-2008

Outputs 2007-2009


Output 1 Framework for integrated production-environment-health analysis established

06-08 Output 1 eliminated

Output 2 Human health risks from exposure to pesticides are reduced in communities in Peru and Ecuador

Output 1 Human health risks from exposure to dangerous contaminates are reduced in LAC and SSA (3 years)

Output broadened to include additional issues of farm workers exposed to other contaminated conditions in addition to pesticides.

Output 3 Importance of nutrition rich roots and tubers is established

Output 2 Importance of safe and healthy roots and tubers is established (3 years)

Output broadened to include issues of assuring food safety in addition to proper nutrition (malnutrition and obesity)

Project 7: CONDESAN As reported in last year’s MTP, the CONDESAN Steering Committee authorized major revisions in the agenda of the consortium. This year’s narrative and logframe reflect the implementation of those changes. CONDESAN now is concentrated on two major themes, sustainable water management in the Andes and fostering the establishment and functioning of innovative institutions that promote sustainable rural development. Both these themes clearly fall within the new System priorities. The consortium is moving to end activities that are not related to these two themes and output targets that are related to these are removed from this year’s logframe. In their comments on the presentation of last year’s CONDESAN program, the Science Council observed ‘…CONDESAN…would be more appropriately presented as a regional network for delivery of research results, rather than a project charged with new cutting edge research…’ While it is certainly true that the consortium seeks to develop a regional agenda that delivers research results, this year’s logframe will demonstrate that CONDESAN partners working together through their coordination office, will administer the Water and Food Challenge Program Andean Basins project and other similar science-focused activities that will be contributing to cutting edge research. The SC also notes, ‘In the context of providing solutions to sustainable development of an eco-region, which is a complex task, the contribution of CONDESAN …deserves praise. The continued operation…will also provide CIP with feedback for maintaining a relevant research agenda…’ While reminding the Science Council that CONDESAN provides feedback to all the CGIAR centers, we appreciate their observations. We believe that the current disintegration of regional bodies in South America and the lack of effective national extension services leaves a serious facilitation, communication and coordination gap on these themes that will persist long into the future. This gap is effectively filled by CONDESAN. Unlike the sub-regional organizations found in SSA, there is no similar effort in LAC and CONDESAN fills a vital role. New Projects During the year CIP on behalf of CONDESAN was awarded several significant new projects that target conservation and sustainable development of the high altitude grasslands of the northern Andes called


Paramos. There are new output targets to account for these projects. Support for CONDESAN coordination was received from the World Bank SWEPs support grant. Project 7: CONDESAN Outputs 2006-2008

Outputs 2007-2009


Output 1 Strategy for influencing integrated management of land and water resources (IMWR) developed for the Andean ecoregion

Output 1 Policies and local, national and regional recommendations for improved integrated water resource management (IWRM) in Andean countries from Venezuela to Argentina (4 years)

This title was changed to reflect the greater emphasis on policy related to water management. New targets were added to reflect newly funded projects

Output 2 Strategy of poverty reduction based on agricultural innovation system options developed for the Andean ecoregion

Output 2 New institutional innovations, forms of organization and mechanisms for cooperation, training and dialogue are developed and promoted in the Andean agricultural systems to take advantage of the region’s natural diversity (5 years)

This title was changed to reflect increased emphasis on innovation systems as a research topic to facilitate cooperation and information sharing in policy dialogue

Output 3 Platform influencing sustainable development at the local, national and regional levels strengthened in the Andean ecoregion

This content of this output was mostly process for facilitation, coordinating and networking and has thus been eliminated. Selected output targets were moved to Output 2

Project 8: Global Mountain Program The GMP opened collaborative agreements with the World Agroforestry Center convened African Highlands Initiative (AHI) and Urban Harvest for supporting the Africa node of the Mountain Forum and an Addis Ababa, Ethiopia based project on rural-urban linkages in mountain environments. New projects Support for GMP coordination was received from CIDA SWEPs support grant. Project 8: Global Mountain Program Outputs 2006-2008

Outputs 2007-2009


Output 1 A platform is available that enables a more unified and effective inter-CGIAR center interaction and thrust for sustainable mountain development (3 years)

The principal research products of the CGIAR centers for mountains are available and accessible in the form of a supermarket or market place of innovations and opportunities. (5 years with individual CGIAR Centers and the Mountain Forum (MF) )

Change in emphasis to shift from process to product offering

Output 2 Models for planning, policy and technical support are developed using better knowledge of rural–urban interactions in mountains and information on livelihood constraints and options, product demand,

Policy and technology options to improve use and minimize adverse impacts of rural urban linkages in mountains are documented (5 years) (with AHI and SIUA, IFPRI, CIFOR, CIP, ICRAF, IWMI, CIAT

Change in emphasis to shift from single focus on modeling result to policy and technology results


Project 8: Global Mountain Program Outputs 2006-2008

Outputs 2007-2009


water and forest management and use (3 years) (with AHI and UH)

and national partners)

Output 3 Policies that promote sustainable mountain development in the Andes are identified (3 years) (with CONDESAN)

Strengths and weaknesses of policies in the Andes for water, soil and forest management in mountains are documented (2 years with CONDESAN in Andes and Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in Mountain Regions (SARD-M) partners globally)

Wording change to capture breadth of policies to be examined. Note the reduction in time to completion of this output

Project 9: Urban Harvest Urban Harvest established a collaborative research project on rural-urban linkages in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia with GMP and AHI. New projects During the year CIP on behalf of Urban Harvest was awarded several new projects that create new output targets. These include major projects that sponsor research in Nakuru, Kenya and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. There are new output targets to reflect this in Outputs 2 and 3. Support for Urban Harvest coordination was received from the World Bank SWEPs support grant. Project 9: Urban Harvest Outputs 2006-2008

Outputs 2007-2009


Output 1 The contribution of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) to improving the livelihoods of poor city households and the condition of urban ecosystems is documented and validated (until 2007)

Output 1 The contribution of UPA to improving the livelihoods of poor city households and the condition of urban ecosystems is documented and validated (until 2007)

This output will end next year

Output 2 Innovative technologies and practices developed for increasing productivity and marketing of agricultural commodities produced in UPAs (3-5 years)

Output 3 merged with Output 2

Output 3 Strategies for enhancing the contribution of urban food production to child nutritional health and other health benefits established (3-5 years)

Output 2 Innovative technologies and practices developed for increasing productivity and marketing of agricultural commodities produced in UPAs and their contribution to human nutrition and health (3-5 years)

Output 4 Methods developed to mitigate human health risks to urban producers and consumers and to improve use of urban sources of nutrients for agriculture (5 years)


Unchanged

Output 5 Policy options and institutional and planning strategies to support safe and sustainable agricultural production in urban areas are developed (3-5 years)

Output 5 Policy options and institutional and planning strategies to support safe and sustainable agricultural production in urban areas are developed (3-5 years)

Unchanged


Changes in collaborative arrangements In last year’s MTP we described in detail our participation in CGIAR and non-CG collaborative arrangements. This year in this space we only document major changes in those relationships. The project highlights above also capture some of these changes as they result in new outputs or output targets. Generation Challenge Program (GCP) No changes in Generation CP relations. HarvestPlus Challenge Program The Reaching End Users component of HarvestPlus is now in execution. CIP is implementing partner for seed systems development in Uganda and Mozambique. This participation is reported in our Impact Enhancement and Integrated Crop Management projects. CIP finished its participation in the Impact program of HarvestPlus with the completion of a report on the contribution of OFSP to improved nutrition using the concept of dietary adjusted life years (DALYs) in Uganda. Water and Food Challenge Program CONDESAN continues as benchmark basin coordinator for the Andean system of basins. Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Program During 2005 CIP participated in planning meetings for the Lake Kivu Pilot Learning Site. We also participated in two concept notes to the SSA-CP competitive grant process. In both cases full proposals were invited. We were lead institute on a proposal to the Lake Kivu Pilot Learning Site and entered an IITA-led proposal as cooperating center for the Zimbabwe-Mozambique-Malawi Pilot Learning Site. Neither proposal was selected and CIP will not participate in the SSA-CP during 2006 or until a new funding call is issued. Systemwide Genetic Resources Program (SGRP) No changes in CIP-SGRP relations. Systemwide Livestock Program (SLP) With the completion of the existing grant on sweetpotato-pig systems in SE Asia, CIP has no funded activities with the SLP for 2006. Systemwide Program on Integrated Pest Management (SP-IPM) CIP currently chairs the SP-IPM and participates in the steering committee. We continue to participate in the third phase of the SP-IPM flagship project on Tropical Whitefly IPM coordinated by CIAT. Contrary to our report last year, the coordination of SP-IPM will remain with IITA, which will present the program in their MTP. Participatory Research and Gender Analysis (PRGA) With PRGA, CIP was awarded a grant to draw global lessons from strengthening innovations systems work in Bolivia. This will result in new output targets reported in our Impact Enhancement project. Collective Action and Property Rights (CAPRi) No changes in CIP-CAPRi relations to report. EcoRegional Program for Sustainable Agriculture Development in CAC The present activities in the CAC are under two of CIP’s Research Divisions. The first is in the Division of Germplasm Enhancement and Crop Improvement and the second in the Integrated Crop Management Division. There are no changes to report.


EcoRegional Program on AHI The CIP-convened GMP initiated two activities with AHI. The first was placing the Africa regional coordinator for the Mountain Forum as a World Agroforestry Center employee in the AHI office in Kampala to manage Mountain Forum communications and liaison activities. The second was to fund a joint project on rural-urban linkages with AHI and the CIP-convened Urban Harvest System-wide Program. This included hiring a post-doctoral fellow as a World Agroforestry Center employee and placing him on the ILRI campus in Addis Ababa. EcoRegional Program on Rice-Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains CIP has no funded activities with the Rice-Wheat Consortium during 2006. Other CGIAR Collective Action Initiatives CIP-CIAT Safety back-ups of the sweetpotato and cassava collections CIP continues to exchange black box collections with CIAT. The sweetpotato back up collection is held as a “black box” in CIAT and the cassava as a “black box” collection in CIP. Information and Communications Technology-Knowledge Management (ICT-KM) program No changes in the CIP-ICT-KM program. Future Harvest Consortium to Rebuild Agriculture in Afghanistan CIP continues as an active partner in the Consortium. The CIP first phase project was terminated early due to early completion of results. With ICARDA, CIP has presented a continuation proposal to the Afghanistan Government Ministry of Agriculture. Strengthening Regional Capacity for Participatory Research and Development (PR&D) in South Asia This UPWARD Network convened training-field research-mentoring project, jointly funded by IDRC and IFAD, aims to strengthen PR&D capacity among key research and development organizations in five countries of South Asia. Implemented in 2004-2006, the project brings together IRRI, ICRISAT and ICIMOD and their national partners in applying PR&D for sustainable agricultural livelihoods and natural resource management. CIP-CIAT Project on Participatory Research for Development in the Uplands (PRDU) in Lao PDR, Vietnam and China No changes to report in this program. Output targets are recorded in our Integrated Crop Management Project. Development of a Sourcebook on PR&D This collective action with CIAT, CIFOR, IRRI, ICARDA, World Agroforestry Center and WorldFish Center resulted in the publication of the source book and an on-line version of the sourcebook available on the website of CIP-UPWARD website, as well as of IDRC and IFAD. This collective action terminated with the completion of its objectives.


Medium-term Financing Plan Center Financial Indicators CIP attaches a high priority to maintaining a healthy financial position. Sound financial indicators reflect the Center’s ability to cope with external shocks, ensure that research activities will continue in cases of unexpected funding shortfalls and provide a sound base to support future growth. To this end, CIP will strengthen further its financial indicators in the medium run and will continue to exercise caution in financial planning and budget design (Table 1). Short-term solvency (liquidity) In 2005, the short-term solvency indicator decreased to 93 days. CIP is forecasting an increase in its short-term solvency indicator for 2006, as a result of an estimated higher surplus and lower daily expenditures due to a temporary fall of total expenditures and a rise of depreciation. The Center estimates that the liquidity ratio will grow to 116 days by 2009. Long-term financial stability (adequacy of reserves) The Center’s long-term financial stability indicator reached 91 days in 2005. CIP will continue building up its long-term reserves indicator over the medium term as a result of growing liquidity and surplus. CIP is estimating that the long-term financial stability indicator will increase to 111 days in 2009, which is above the recommended range of reserves. Indirect Cost Ratio CIP continued with its austere and prudent financial policies in order to control the expansion of indirect costs. According to the CGIAR indirect cost ratio guidelines, the indirect cost ratio declined from 14% in 2004 to 12% in 2005. CIP has the lowest indirect cost ratio in the System. Reducing the indirect cost ratio further seems unwise; promoting and sustaining growth will require increasing investment in research-support services. Restricted Accounts Receivable/Payables Ratio In 2005, the ratio of accounts receivable over accounts payable of restricted donations reached 0.8. This ratio reflects conservative financial policies when managing special projects. CIP expects that the ratio will increase slightly in the medium term.


Table 1 CIP’s Financial Position 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Current assets and investments 16.0 16.2 16.6 16.6 16.8

Net fixed assets 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0

Total assets 18.7 19.0 19.4 19.5 19.8

Liabilities 10.5 10.2 10.2 9.9 9.8

Net assets 8.2 8.8 9.2 9.6 10.0

Total liabilities and net assets 18.7 19.0 19.4 19.5 19.8

Ratios / indicators

Working capital 5.5 6.1 6.5 7.0 7.4

Short term solvency (days) 93 104 109 113 116

Adequacy of reserves (days) 91 101 106 108 111

Indirect cost ratio (%) 12 12 12 13 13

Restricted accounts R/P ratio 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

Figure 1. Financial reserves (2001 – 2009)

Financial results of 2005 operations CIP achieved a net surplus of US$ 0.1M in 2005. As shown in Table 2, revenues dropped by 2% with respect to 2004, while expenditures increased by 3%. These results were below budget and reflect less favorable conditions than previous years.

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

55.5

66.5

77.5

'01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09


Table 2 CIP’s 2005-2006 budget summary (US$M) 2005 2006 Income Actual Estimated Unrestricted 8.1 8.2 Restricted 12.7 11.9 Other 0.3 0.5 Total 21.1 20.6 Challenge Programs 1.2 1.6 Grand Total 22.3 22.2 Expenses Operations 21.6 20.9 Indirect Cost Recovery (1.0) (1.0) Depreciation 0.4 0.5 Total 21.0 20.4 Challenge Programs 1.2 1.6 Grand Total 22.2 22.0 Surplus (Deficit) 0.1 0.2

Several events explain a less favorable 2005 operating environment. First, unrestricted contributions dropped mainly due to reductions from specific donors to the CG system. Second, restricted contributions were below planned because two projects suffered delays in disbursements from donors and implementation. Third, the rise of the US dollar reduced non-dollar denominated revenues. Fourth, cost recovery was lower than expected. Lower revenue projections for the year induced expenditure controls that produced a balanced budget for the year. Regional Funding Trends CIP continues to be committed to poverty and hunger alleviation in Africa, Asia and Latin America with special emphasis on the Andes. In 2005, CIP has expanded its involvement in Africa and the Central Asia and the Caucasus Region. These target regions, together with other poor countries of Asia (Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, etc), will see increased research and capacity strengthening activities. In 2005, increased funding opportunities were available for projects in the LAC region. Donors such as Canada, Spain and Global Environment Facility (GEF) allocated resources to address the use and conservation of germplasm and the development and dissemination of new approaches and technologies to improve livelihoods in high poverty areas of the Andes. Increased funding was also available for Africa. Early in 2006, CIP opened offices in Mozambique and Malawi, with three new IRS postings to the region (including one IRS position relocated from Headquarters to East Africa). If CIP’s proposals are successful, in the coming years the Center will increase growth and investment in the region by expanding work to Ethiopia, Angola and West Africa. Several of the LAC-based research activities are yielding knowledge and technologies that are now directly benefiting Asia and Africa. The Natural Resources Management tools, elaborated in the LAC “Laboratory”, have produced extremely useful methodologies for vulnerability studies, allowing CIP and partners to refine its targeting in the African highlands. More recently, the pro-poor Participatory Market Chain Approach (PMCA) that was developed and refined in three Andean countries has been adapted to the needs of the market chains in Uganda. The investment in developing knowledge, analytical tools and


training tools in the Andes is now being leveraged for the improvement of livelihoods for East African potato and sweetpotato farmers. The majority of LAC-based research is yielding knowledge and training materials, which gradually will be made available on-line to researchers and extensions of Asia and Africa. This includes the methodologies for impact assessment refined within the LAC-based activities. Other examples include: the development of virus-free sweetpotato techniques in Peru with a subsequent application in China that has generated hundreds of million dollars for the Chinese economy; late blight resistant varieties developed in Peru and adopted by poor farmers in Africa and Asia, accruing substantial economic benefits and reducing the use of pesticides. Because of its geographical location, CIP is channeling some donor funds to support the National Agriculture Research Institutions. This is the case of the Spanish support to the Latin American national institutes of agrarian or agricultural investigation (INIAs). Development of 2006 Operations In 2006, total revenues are expected to be US$ 22.2M. We project unrestricted revenues to increase slightly due to US dollar losses against the Euro and other donor currencies. Restricted contributions are expected to fall by US$ 0.4M, or 3%, but we expect that this decline will be temporary. Restricted and earmarked donations, including Challenge Program income, will account for 61% of total revenues. Other income growth, mainly interest income from rising interest rates, is expected to partially compensate for the fall of restricted contributions. Total expenses are expected to fall by US$ 0.3M, or 1% during the year. Positive fund raising results obtained in the first quarter will allow for an expansion of restricted expenditures in the second semester, which will carry on into 2007. Net unrestricted expenses are expected to grow at a low pace, US$ 0.1M, or 2%. The Center is forecasting a net surplus of US$ 0.2M by the end of the year. This surplus will increase the Center’s net working capital. Financing Plan 2007–2009 Budgeting and Financing Medium-term financial forecasts take into account the likely appreciation of the US dollar, which would have a direct negative impact on CIP’s revenues and a gradual increase of interest rates. Program expansion relies heavily on new restricted funding, which means that to a large extent expenditure growth will be dependant on success of restricted project funding. This means that we must retain the liberty to adjust these projections on short notice. During the years covered by this MTP, CIP projects a total 7% revenue growth as illustrated in Table 3. These figures include revenues derived from Challenge Programs, which are estimated at US$ 1.6M for 2006. The medium-term forecasts reflect new opportunities in a highly volatile environment and will demand increased effectiveness in donor targeting. CIP will continue to emphasize its work on its mandate crops, linking research to activities that will eventually have a strong development impact and contribute to the prioritized Millennium Development Targets. To that end, the Center plans to raise the share of its project portfolio in Africa and Asia, but the effects of a higher presence in those regions will be more noticeable in 2007 and 2008. Increasing staff time is being allocated to work in Asia (especially the CAC region) and Africa as well as to fund-raising for projects in those priority regions.


An analysis of the project pipeline shows gradual funding increases in conservation and characterization activities for potato and sweetpotato, integrated crop management, natural resource management, health and agriculture and in VITAA. We expect most of CIP’s growth to come from new restricted grants.

Table 3 CIP’s 2007-2009 budget summary (US$M) Income 2007 2008 2009 Unrestricted 8.1 8.1 8.1 Restricted 14.0 15.0 15.5 Other 0.5 0.5 0.5 Total 22.6 23.6 24.1 Expenses Operations 23.0 24.1 24.6 Indirect cost recovery (1.3) (1.4) (1.4) Depreciation 0.5 0.5 0.5 Total 22.2 23.2 23.7 Surplus (deficit) 0.4 0.4 0.4

A key element of CIP’s MTP and future development is maintaining sound financial management and achieving sustainable growth. Improving fund raising and controlling costs are critical to maintaining financial stability and achieving growth. Fund raising will continue to be a top priority and a challenge in the medium term. Improved donor targeting, matching donor interests with CIP’s program priorities, broadening and diversifying the donor base and delivering high impact products are critical for continued fund-raising success. Controlling costs is also important for achieving sustainable growth. Cost control requires reinforcing cost awareness and fiscal discipline and pursuing efficiency gains on a consistent basis. Looking for new ways of doing business by implementing simple and effective procedures will help to reduce budgetary pressures and release additional resources for research. In addition, increased cost recovery by charging direct costs to projects will help to identify new ways to control costs and will reduce pressure on limited unrestricted resources. Challenge, Systemwide and Ecoregional Programs CIP does not convene any Challenge Program, but it participates actively in three of them. The income forecast for these programs is difficult as it depends on the outcome of competitive grants and CP donor support. Table 4 presents CIP’s funding expectations during the planning period.

Table 4 2005-2009 Challenge Programs (US$M)

Actual Estimate Proposed Plan Plan 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Water and Food 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

Harvest Plus 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.9

Generation 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.4

TOTAL 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.9 2.3


In 2004, CIP convened three SWEPs and participated in another eight Programs. Because these Programs are an integral part of Center research and capacity-building activities, they have been included in the CIP MTP Project Portfolio as discrete components. The table below summarizes the SWEPs actual, estimated or planned income for 2005 to 2009. We have presented income flowing through and to CIP as well as other income, which supports these Programs through direct donor grants to participants.

Table 5 Ecoregional and System-wide initiatives (US$M)

Estimated2006

Proposed 2007

Plan 2008

Plan 2009

CONDESAN 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.3 Global Mountain Program 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 Urban Harvest 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 TOTAL 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.5


MEDIUM-TERM PLAN PROJECT NARRATIVES Project 1. Impact Enhancement Problem analysis The Project addresses the problem of where and how CIP should use its limited resources for agricultural research to maximize impact on potential beneficiaries and contribute to meeting the MDGs. The Pro-Poor R&D Cycle as the compass for CIP’s program requires additional research to improve geographical targeting, research and innovation strategies and linkages for development. In addition, rapid growth of markets has created new opportunities for farmers to improve their incomes and research on new strategies and their outcomes is needed. Finally, the institutional environment for agricultural innovations has grown more complex. New ways of coordinating and networking with national innovation systems and influencing agricultural technology policies are necessary in order for CIP to achieve desired outcomes. Identification of specific problems to be tackled with research This Project will enhance CIP’s impact through improving strategies for research resource allocation, promoting innovation processes and helping partners go to scale. Improved methods for needs and opportunity assessment will help CIP and R&D partners and clients make better choices about technology design and location targeting and understand how they are likely to influence impacts of research on multifaceted dimensions of poverty. Improved knowledge about particular research and delivery strategies used by CIP and its partners should improve the way in which resources are used. Ex post impact assessments contribute to monitoring actual outcomes and explore reasons for divergences with expectations. As CIP’s impact evaluation is broadened from an emphasis on productivity changes to include effects on livelihoods, so new methodologies will be developed, validated and shared for understanding and documenting these effects. The Project can also enhance impact through research on ways of improving access of poor producers to markets, including post-harvest innovations, market chain analysis and marketing policy research. In the more complex institutional context facing NARS the project will conduct research on agricultural innovation systems to improve R&D coordination and networking. The Project’s research on innovation systems, particularly on CIP’s extensive experience with managing R&D networks and partnerships, should improve the design, coordination and impact of these systems and increase the rate of uptake of CIP’s physical and information outputs. The Project will also help develop evidence-based recommendations for technological policy formulation to achieve pro-poor impacts in national agricultural innovation systems. For example, changes in market structures may be working to exclude small farmers from more profitable opportunities and corrective policy to give them equal opportunities may be necessary. Objective The objective of this project is to enhance the impact of CIP and its partners on the broader array of prioritized Millennium Development Targets through improved targeting, priority setting, allocation of R&D activity, strategies for innovation, more rapid uptake of CIP’s physical and information outputs and enhanced value and utilization of CIP commodities. All of the outputs presented in last year’s MTP have been changed. In each we indicate the change, the contribution of the output to System priorities, the uptake pathway and the nature of the international public goods produced:


Output 1. Improved data and methods for research targeting and resource allocation developed Outputs 1 and 2 from last year’s MTP have been merged into a single output which is consistent with CIP’s Pro-Poor R&D Cycle. Several targets included last year were “Impact studies”, which according to the CGIAR guidelines are not legitimate output targets. Where relevant these have been reformulated to highlight the knowledge relevant to improving the Pro-Poor R&D cycle that was generated rather than simply the evidence that impact was achieved. This output is linked to Priority 5D. The output will be used by other CIP Research Divisions but it will also contribute to Priorities 1, 2, 3 and 4. The impact pathway that is envisaged is that enhanced methods for the Pro-Poor R&D Cycle will improve the quality of CIP and its partners investments in R&D, which will lead to research that is better focused on the needs of the poor and more likely to achieve impacts in livelihoods and substantial contributions to MDGs. This output will develop methodologies and strategies for enhancing impact of CIP research of global relevance that could be used by other CGIAR centers, agricultural research institutes and national agricultural research institutes. The output will also develop recommendations for the improvement of a range of delivery systems for seeds and late blight resistant varieties that are of global relevance. Output 2. Value added to CIP commodities through linking farmers with markets and post-harvest innovations This Output has been expanded to include “linking farmers with markets”. Enhanced market linkages are critical to improving incomes and addressing MDG 1. The output is linked to System Priority 3 and 5B. The impact pathway which is envisaged is that a limited number of strategic partner organizations will acquire capacity in participatory market chain approach (PMCA) in each target country. They will work with a larger group of partners in capacity development (including training). This will lead to a series of iterations of the PMCA approach with CIP’s target commodities and others that are relevant to the livelihoods of potato and sweet potato farmers. PMCA will build trust between market actors, stimulate market oriented innovations, create more profitable market opportunities, generating higher incomes for farmers linked to market chains and help move farmers out of poverty. Strategies, methodologies and tools for linking farmers with markets are international public goods (IPGs). Output 3. Pro-poor policies and strategies for institutional learning and change identified and documented This Output has been slightly modified to make it clear that it is the “strategies for institutional learning and change” which will be identified and documented, rather than just the institutions. “Institutions” are understood here as the rules of the game governing the interactions between actors, “institutional learning and change” has to do with improving these rules to favor pro-poor innovation processes. This output is linked to System Priority 5A. The impact pathway envisaged operates at three levels of increasing specificity. 1. The Project will seek to influence the formulation of national policy through the provision of evidence about the effects of current policy in favoring or otherwise the participation of the poor in innovation systems. One of the principal policy obstacles is that the poor are excluded from having an effective voice in setting R&D agendas.


2. At the level of NARS the Project will promote learning about the effectively of different partnership and networking arrangements so that CIP, its partners and clients can more effectively engage in collective action towards common goals. Collective action is essential for resolving problems in complex systems where a number of different constraints have to be simultaneously addressed. For example, innovation in varietal use in a more market driven context needs to simultaneously address constraints of seed production and input supply, on-farm agronomic and post-harvest issues and also quality criteria in final markets. This requires collective action between actors along the market chain and with service providers including NARS. Hence the impact pathway moves from the use of improved partnership arrangements, to social learning, to collective action for a shared goal and innovation in a complex system. 3. At the level of individuals, teams and organizations the Project will enhance capacities to increase the overall ability to conduct scientific research (research capacity), manage technical change (technological capacity) and innovate in dynamic environments (innovation capacity). Based on a systems model of performance improvement this Project will research structured approaches to needs-based training that increase the motivation to improve performance and improve the organizational environment to facilitate the transfer of learning. For example, an analysis of individuals who participated in capacity strengthening in PMCA will help to understand the factors that motivate a person to improve work through learning and to apply the knowledge or skills in PMCA to work settings. At the same time this analysis will help to identify the capabilities needed by organizations or wider systems to understand the factors affecting transfer and so facilitate scaling-up of PMCA. This would also permit international comparisons of learning transfer systems in partner-organizations that operate under different cultural, political and social conditions. Policies to promote pro-poor innovation, strategies for partnering and managing networks and structured systemic approaches to needs-based training are IPGs, which are potentially mutually reinforcing when promoted together. External conditions The main external forces driving the Project’s research agenda are: (a) Greater emphasis of international agricultural research on contributing to Millennium Development Goals; (b) Increasing integration and expanding diversity of demand in regional and global markets; (c) Growing complexity of food and agricultural innovation systems. Achieving the Project’s objectives depends on mobilizing new research resources. Target ecoregions The target ecoregions of the project are defined by CIP’s Visioning exercise, i.e., countries and regions with a high correlation between potato/sweetpotato production and poverty indices. Partners’ roles Among the principal users of the knowledge generated by the Project are CIP’s Research Divisions and Partnership Programs who will benefit from increased clarity, precision and methodologies for the operation of the Pro-Poor R&D Cycle. The capacity of NARS is strengthened through access to a range of strategies and methodologies to promote innovation and understand it, through training in impact assessment, post-harvest and marketing research methods, through improved capacity development incorporating a needs based approach; through better coordination and partnering in innovation systems; and through provision of publications, commodity data sets and other information outputs in different delivery formats (e.g., print, CD-ROM, Web).


Collaborators Partner Country Type Strategic role and complementary

advantage (what capabilities the partner has, that CIP does not have, to facilitate the work)

Outputs to which partner contributes

American University, Washington, DC (AU)

USA ARI Skills in economic analysis, poverty assessment and new institutional economics

1, 2, 3

Benguet State University

Philippines University Social and economic analysis of potato seed systems and impact

1

CESA Ecuador NGO Links with farmers’ organizations, knowledge of local contexts and local logistical capacity

1, 2

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Beijing (China)

NARI Analysis of economic and poverty impacts of potato in China

1

CIAT Colombia CGIAR Post-harvest innovations for upland agriculture in SE Asia, analysis of participatory interventions in Andes

2, 3

CIAT, Santa Cruz de la Sierra

Bolivia NARI Analysis of participatory interventions in Andes

2, 3

CONDESAN Andes region of South America

Ecoregional Program

Facilitate contacts with local institutions and provide framework for sharing knowledge of participatory interventions

2

Department of Agriculture Manila

Philippines Min Ag

Department of Agriculture, Kathmandu

Nepal Min Ag

FAO International Organization

Contribute framework and resources for understanding impacts of the new agricultural economy on farmers’ welfare and biodiversity

3

Hanoi Agricultural University, Hanoi

Vietnam University Feed-related work

Harvest Plus Challenge Program

CGIAR Commodity biofortification for reducing malnutrition and assessment of impact in Africa

INCAGRO, Lima Peru Min Ag Contribute to development and assessment of market chain approaches

Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi

India NARI Development of models of potato price behavior and market risk

2

Institutional Learning and Change (ILAC)

CGIAR Contribute to methodology development for innovation systems and institutional learning

3

INIAP

(Ecuador) NARI Contributes with human resources for development of market chain approaches and analysis of policy implications

2, 3


KARI (Kenya) NARI Facilitate access for technology evaluation with farmers.

1

Kurmi Bolivia NGO Links with farmers’ organizations, knowledge of local contexts and local logistical capacity

2, 3

Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD), Pokhara

Nepal NARI

Marco Foundation Ecuador NGO Links with farmers’ organizations, knowledge of local contexts and local logistical capacity

Mi Chacra Peru NGO Links with farmers’ organizations, knowledge of local contexts and local logistical capacity

NARO Uganda NARI Facilitates evaluation of participatory research and training methods with farmers.

1, 2

National Agricultural and Forestry Research Institute

Lao PDR

National Agricultural University La Molina (UNALM)

Peru NARI Developing impact evaluation methodology

1

National Institute for Animal Husbandry, Hanoi (Vietnam)

Vietnam NARI Feed-related work

Nepal Participatory Action Network (NEPAN), Kathmandu

Nepal NARI

Papa Andina Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador

Research Network

Strategic capacity in developing market chain approaches and promoting spillover in the Andes

1, 2, 3

PRAPACE East and Central Africa

Research Network

Facilitates contacts with research institutions in SSA for market chain related research

2

Program on Participatory Research and Gender Analysis (PRGA)

CGIAR Analyzing participatory interventions, developing evidence based policy for pro-poor innovation and promoting spillover

1, 2, 3

PROINPA Foundation

(Bolivia) NARI Contributes with human, financial support and logistic facilities for evaluating participatory and market chain interventions

1, 2, 3

Research Center for Rural Economy, Ministry of Agriculture

Beijing (China)

NARI Feed-related work


Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu

China NARO Development of post-harvest innovations in sweetpotato utilization

2

School of Asian and Oriental Studies (SOAS)

UK ARI Methods to assess household livelihood impacts from sweetpotato processing

2

South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), Adelaide

Australia ARI Feed-related

Systemwide IPM Program on impact assessment

CGIAR Developing methodologies for impact evaluation

1

UPWARD Asia Research Network

Facilitates contacts with research and development institutions in Asia for analysing interventions and promoting spillover

1, 2, 3

Vegetable Research Institute (China)

NARS Facilitates technology evaluation with farmers

1

Vietnamese Agricultural Science Institute, Hanoi

Vietnam NARI Feed-related work

VITAA Sub-Saharan Africa

Research Network


Project 2. Genetic Resources Conservation and Characterization Problem analysis CIP’s location in the center of domestication and diversity of potato, sweetpotato and other less used roots and tubers on the one hand and the increasing importance of potato and sweetpotato to global food security and the potential offered by the Andean roots and tubers, are two comparative advantages positioning CIP as custodian of these international public goods and associated knowledge, their long-term commitment to protection and availability worldwide. Through safeguarding and keeping the flow of well characterized germplasm, this project contributes to CIP’s and CIP partners’ research efforts to increase productivity, reduce farmers’ reliance on agrochemicals, save water and produce more nutritious and healthy food; the project also directly supports to sustain farmers’ efforts in securing food and conserving agrobiodiversity. Wild relatives have shown value as new sources of variation to improve potato and sweetpotato; however, natural events, including climate change and human interventions increasingly threaten biodiversity of potato, sweetpotato and other roots and tubers in their major centers of diversity, the Andes. The CIP genebank holds 151 of the 188 recognized wild potato species; out of these 83 species are endemic to Peru and at least 20 are facing imminent erosion risk. On the other hand, recent work shows that a number of wild species are under represented, in terms of diversity, in the CIP genebank. Increasing knowledge of the genetic and functional characteristics of the collections and promoting their diffusion and use are two areas to be tackled with research. Identification of specific problems to be tackled with research The past tendency of increased dedication to generate knowledge through research on the in-trust collections continues and is further emphasized, in Project 2’s 2007-09 MTP. Thus, the Targets under Output 2 show more efforts dedicated to diversity assessment, characterization and evaluation of collections’ sub-sets to generate information on genepool structure, priority traits and attributes variation. Through research, a range of genetic resources problems can be approached using modern genetic and informatic tools: precise and extensive phenotyping, i.e. characterization of morphological, physiological, pathological and biochemical traits. To do this more efficiently, use of high throughput phenotyping and genotyping capacities are in the pipeline of Project 2. These capacities will not only allow us to conduct accurate measurement of diversity, determine the limits and gaps of collections and assess geneflow and erosion risk, but especially to discover allelic variation of new sources of traits. The project will also carry out and convene research on new conservation methods, including cryopreservation and DNA banking. Targeted collecting missions in endemic, risk-prone, areas will be conducted; partnering with local organizations will contribute to community-based conservation of cultivated potatoes, sweetpotato and other roots and tubers. Diffusion of knowledge and documentation will be key to increase the use for potato, sweetpotato and other root and tuber germplasm, with resistance to priority pests and diseases and with improved quality traits. New and more powerful sources of variation in resistance to priority biotic constraints, e.g. late blight and viruses in the potato collection; and nematode and virus resistance in the sweetpotato collection will be explored. Drought tolerance, micronutrient content and health-enhancing attributes will also be explored in the potato, sweetpotato and ARTC collections. CIP can contribute towards collaborative studies involving local partners on issues of genetic resources access and mechanisms of benefit sharing. Objectives A primary objective is to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of CIP’s role in conservation and research of potato, sweetpotato and other root and tuber genetic resources and associated information, as international public goods. In addressing the understanding of the collections, knowledge and information will be generated to ensure that the value of these resources in enhanced and made available for contributing towards achieving the MDGs.


As stated in the MTP Overview, the components of Project’s Output 3, i.e. germplasm distribution and capacity building, have been incorporated into Outputs 1 and 2. While Output 1 continues to deal with germplasm conservation and conservation methods research, ex situ, in situ and on-farm, Output 2’s focus remains on the characterization and evaluation of genetic resources; both Outputs include now dissemination and capacity building roles. Alignment with CGIAR System priorities This Project is fully dedicated to sustaining biodiversity for current and future generations (SP1). Because of CIP’s trusteeship mandate to potato, sweetpotato and other roots and tubers, major emphasis is placed on the conservation and characterization of these staple crops (SP1A). Hence, currently, resources are fully allocated to SP1A. Future collaborative work of this Project on selected promising under-utilized crops of the Solanaceae group would call for assigning partial research efforts to SP1B. Description of impact pathways Under the pro-poor research and development cycle (MTP Overview) specific global and local needs and opportunities are translated into germplasm-based options which in turn can be validated through research on genetic resources conservation and characterization, corresponding to Project’s Outputs 1 and 2, respectively. The Project’s main outputs include knowledge, material, expertise and facilities. The pathway from these outputs to outcomes and potential impact would mostly proceed through linkages with other CIP research projects, e.g. Germplasm Enhancement and Crop Improvement (Project 3). Through this pathway, the contribution of Project 2 would indirectly connect to the Millennium Development Goals and be realized by research on key themes such as the reduction of temporal and chronic hunger in vulnerable communities, improving access to safe and nutritious food, but especially to the sustainable use of biodiversity (MTP Overview). Project 2 Outputs can also contribute directly to the sustainable use of biodiversity through supporting the efforts to sustain local crop productivity, food availability and restoring crop diversity. Adoption of conservation and characterization methodologies by NARS and local biodiversity organizations, farmers’ use of disease-free local germplasm and use of well characterized and documented germplasm by NARS and local researchers are main Outcomes of Project 2. Potential Impact would derive from restoring crop diversity in farmers communities and contributing to increasing food security and income generation. Research approach to develop international public goods (IPGs) The genetic resources collections managed in this project constitute one of the main core assets of the CGIAR and CIP, which are conserved, characterized and disseminated as international public goods. The two Project Outputs comprise research activities with outputs and outcomes that are public goods, including knowledge and information on genetic resources and traits with relevance to global agricultural issues, like food security, productivity and quality improvements. As genebanks evolve as providers not only of seeds and clonal material to providers of specific traits, quantitative trait loci, alleles and DNA samples, this project will make sure that these outputs remain as IPGs. Collaborators Name of partner Role and Complementarity Output / Output Target University of Wisconsin/USDA David Spooner: [email protected]

D. Spooner provides scientific knowledge in potato modern taxonomy and phylogeny.

Output 1. Output Target: Ten wild potato species populations collected in Central Peru.


CGIAR System wide genetic resources program (SGRP) Jane Toll: [email protected]

SGRP provides a platform and coordination role for FutureHarvest (FH) Centers networking on cryopreservation research.

Output 1. Output Target: Fifty accessions of the potato core collection cryopreserved and 30 in total sweetpotato, oca and ulluco accessions cryotested (Collaboration: Univ. of Leuven – GPG-Phase 2 / SGRP); and one hundred oca (Oxalis) and ulluco (Ullucus) accessions established under low temperature slow growth storage.

Katholic Univ. of Leuven (KUL) Bart Panis: [email protected]

KUL coordinates a FH Center network and co-guide a CIP Ph.D. research thesis on potato cryopreservation.

Output 1. Output Target: Fifty accessions of the potato core collection cryopreserved and 30 in total sweetpotato, oca and ulluco accessions cryotested (Collaboration: Univ. of Leuven – GPG-Phase 2 / SGRP); and one hundred oca (Oxalis) and ulluco (Ullucus) accessions established under low temperature slow growth storage.

International Center of Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Daniel Debouck: [email protected]

CIAT provides technology and facilities in its genebank for holding the sweetpotato blackbox collection; and CIP does the same for the cassava collection.

Output 1. Output Target: 1400 sweetpotato accessions exchanged with 3,000 cassava accessions to complete the safety duplicates (black box) in CIAT and CIP genebank, respectively (Collaboration: GPG-Phase 2 / SGRP).

Association for nature and sustainable development (ANDES) Alejandro Argumedo: [email protected]

CIP has signed a collaboration agreement with the Potato Park communities; ANDES provides the ethnobotanical knowledge and the link to the communities and coordinates local activities.

Output 1. Output Target: Morphological and molecular diversity and plant health of 400 native potato cvs. from the Potato Park assessed and documented.

Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago (FMNH) Eve Emshwiller: [email protected]

FMNH holds expertise in oca (Oxalis) evolution and phylogeny; and provides scientific input to the project.

Output 2. Output Target: Comparative analysis of 300 oca (Oxalis) morphotypes using molecular markers.

Generation Challenge Program (GCP) Jean Christophe Glaszmann, CIRAD - [email protected] University of Wisconsin J. Palta: [email protected]

The GCP provides a platform for accessing methods and techniques for assessing/screening water stress. J. Palta provides knowledge on drought screening.

Output 2. Output Target: One set of clones and seed and related information produced on the reaction of 10 wild genotypes and 30 potato landraces to water stress (Collaboration: GCP).


Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH) Michael Kreuzer: [email protected] Andrea Mayer: [email protected]

ETH provides scientific technological know how on biochemical-analytical technologies and provides support for MSc and BSc students.

Output 2. Output Target: One set of clones and information produced on protein, carbohydrate, fat and glucosynolate content of 25 maca (Lepidium) accessions from farmers fields. (Collaboration: ETH).

Natural Resources and Environmental Research Center (CIRNMA) Roberto Valdivia: [email protected]

CIRNMA is the local and research partner and of Altagro coordinator project.

Output 2. Output Target: Twenty virus-free native potatoes distributed to farmer communities in Bolivia and Ecuador and 20 cvs. to Peru’s Altiplano communities (Altagro Project).


Project 3. Germplasm Enhancement and Crop Improvement Problem analysis Despite their outstanding biological potential, food value and income-generating potential, potato and sweetpotato can yield poorly and suffer high losses in marginal environments. Year round pest pressures, climatic vagrancies and slow, prescribed processes of technology transfer, render developing country farmers dependent on external inputs and relegate them to low returns on their investments, while environmental and social capital is compromised. High production costs and seasonality, coupled with limited access of smallholders to emerging markets, translate into frequent low crop value and lost opportunities for progress. And, while a large part of the human population enjoys food diversity, the dependence of poor rural and urban households on a limited palette of staple foods aggravates their poor nutritional status, health and economic plight. Identification of specific problems to be tackled with research Access to technologies and market opportunities are interrelated. A lack of resistant varieties with adaptation for reliable yields under smallholder conditions and attributes needed for trade and processing can exclude farmers from emerging markets. Reliance on pesticides to maintain productivity in tropical and subtropical ecologies has significant negative effects on environmental and human health, in particular for smallholders who often misuse pesticides, when they are available. Limited water and fertility and increased pressure of abiotic factors such as salinity, drought, acidity and warming can further limit the potential of potato- and sweetpotato-based cropping systems. The long duration (lateness) of some well-established varieties impedes their use in potentially profitable production systems including the double-cropping areas of Asia and winter seasons of the subtropical lowlands that are under mixed cropping systems. Susceptibility, perishability and bulk of vegetative seed lead to chronic shortages of healthy planting material of potato and sweetpotato, when and where it is needed. Virus resistance can provide a partial solution to the lack of quality seed, in effect underwriting farmer-based seed systems and enabling more efficient quality control where high degree of infrastructures are not available. Inconsistent attention to dissemination and scarce information on available germplasm and seed limits the development and diffusion of new improved varieties. This situation is aggravated by high turnover and limited opportunities for innovation in national agricultural research systems. At the household level, dietary uniformity and insufficient intake of micronutrients and vitamins, coupled with poor sanitation and disease lead to malnutrition, especially acute in infants and women of child-bearing age. The need is pressing for late blight-resistant potatoes and nutritious, weevil-resistant sweetpotatoes that meet traditional and market preferences and the demands of commercial handlers and processors into farmers’ hands. Potential solutions, including OFSP, TPS, or even transgenic varieties, are slow to be adequately assessed due to the fragility of socio-cultural and biological environments of developing countries and researchers’ and policy makers’ reticence towards new challenging situations. A significant obstacle to the generation of varieties that can help farmers respond to evolving constraints and market demands is the lack of genes at hand with consistent large effects that can be readily manipulated to achieve and sustain rapid gains toward breeding objectives. New potato and sweetpotato varieties are exceptionally cumbersome to develop. Both crops are polyploid and yield best as highly heterozygous hybrids, their complex genetics and sensitivity to inbreeding and preclude simple trait amendment by classical means. These characteristics, combined with strong type preferences that constrain the acceptance of new varieties, make them especially attractive for transgenic improvement, however, transgenic technology has been essentially developed by the private sector and best practices to manage these new crops remain to be tailored to developing country agriculture and regulatory systems.


Objectives Project 3 aims at the efficient development, identification and dissemination of diverse new potato and sweetpotato varieties with critical productivity, resistance and quality traits needed to help improve food security, nutritional status and incomes while reducing environmental, health and economic risk. The project develops and strategically exploits uniquely broad-based advanced potato and sweetpotato populations as international public goods, while efforts are increased to conserve, appreciate and enhance landrace diversity, improve competitiveness and contribute to the development of capacities and policies that enhance the adoption of appropriate new technologies. Molecular methods to more efficiently access and monitor gene and trait diversity in breeding are integrated and transgenic technologies are applied where they provide advantages. Gene networks are explored to help improve sweetpotato and potato productivity, quality and nutritional and market value; and TPS varieties are developed as an alternative production system suited to remote regions with poor access to or infrastructure for reliable supplies of tuber seed. Specific objectives These are: (a) To enhance strategies, capacities and communication for the more efficient and innovative identification, dissemination and uptake of new varieties from public breeding programs; (b) To develop new potato varieties with enhanced resistance, nutritional and market value that produce reliable yields under lower-input conditions and marginal environments; (c) To develop new sweetpotato varieties with enhanced dry matter yield, β-carotene, Fe and Zn content, with resistance to pests and disease and adaptable to subsistence farming systems and industrial uses; (d) To develop and transfer transgenic potatoes and sweetpotatoes to researchers and extension officers while also improving consumer confidence in genetically engineered crops and products through utilizing a range of and best practices and convening or contributing to specific outreach activities. Alignment with CGIAR System priorities Project 3 Outputs contribute directly to System priorities 2 (A, B, C and D), 1 (A and B) and 5 (D). Genetic research, strategic testing, communications and capacity building are conducted to combine productivity, resistance, quality and nutritional traits in early-maturing varieties that will be versatile and contribute well in farming and dietary systems including markets. Pre-breeding and selection involves the tactical characterization and use of germplasm of and information from, staple crops and their relatives, model species and underutilized plant genetic resources that can impact on nutrition, resource utilization and incomes. External conditions Assuring the appropriate pro-poor character of the international public goods developed by this project and its partners and the rapid delivery and adoption required for impact from them, call for concomitant support for robust institutions, policies and capacities that are conducive to broad participation and innovation in the selection, uptake and utilization of technological options. The project assumes awareness and commitment of national and regional efforts to support and encourage ‘best practices’ for sustainable and equitable agricultural development, even if alternative, less pro-poor technologies are made available with incentives that are difficult to refuse. Success of this project further relies on continued open access to raw and enhanced genetic resources as inputs and guarantees of equitable use and distribution of outputs, including knowledge gained and value-added from their use. Specific parallel processes are assumed and supported when necessary, including timely advances with the development and implementation of biosafety policies and protocols for field testing of transgenic potato and sweetpotato varieties. The project attempts to provide scientific information and apply best practices in technology development in the interest of such advance. Targeted ecoregions The project addresses a wide range of ecoregions with its commodities, the nature of which largely dictate the characteristics of adaptation, resistance, architecture and response to environment that must be built in to successful varieties.


Potato ecoregions (1) The highland tropics of Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia and the Andes in South America are characterized by a short day lengths with rainfall patterns that allow 1-3 potato crops per year; late blight, viruses and bacterial wilt are the most important biotic constraints and require resistant potato cultivars. Early maturing cultivars are often required in Southeast Asia and Central and East Africa. Frost and drought constitute significant abiotic limitations to optimal production in parts of the Andes and Sub-Saharan Africa; and short dormancy is often requested in Central Africa. (2) Subtropical lowlands of Southwest Asia and Southeast Asia where potato is mainly a short-day winter irrigated crop, with late blight, virus diseases and post-harvest problems, require resistant potato cultivars with early bulking for diversified cropping systems. In the Hindukush region (Himalayas) potato is a spring, rainfed long day crop; bacterial wilt and late blight are the major biotic constraints and require resistant potato varieties. (3) Subtropical highlands of East Asia typically with one potato season per year, rain-fed, with late blight, viruses and bacterial wilt as important production constraints, require resistant potato cultivars with medium maturity. (4) Temperate region of East Asia characterized by long day length with one to two potato crops per year (in the lowlands), often rain-fed, and where viruses, late blight and drought are main biotic and abiotic constraints to potato production. (5) Continental semiarid region of Central Asia characterized by long day length with one potato crop per year, irrigated, where viruses limited water, soil salinity and high temperatures are main biotic and abiotic constraints to potato production and require resistant potato cultivars with early maturity. In this ecoregion only one crop per year be produced in the 120-130 day growing season, but very early varieties are needed in areas of double cropping where 140-160 frost-free days are shared by two crops or in rotations in which potatoes or sweet potatoes are inserted between two cereal crops, as rice-rice or wheat-rice. Dormancy and storage ability are also important in systems and situations where farmers save their own seed. Sweetpotato ecoregions (1) Tropical lowlands and mid-elevations of Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia and Central America and the Caribbean were sweetpotato is often grown year round, weevil and viruses are important production constraints and require resistant cultivars with medium to high dry matter mostly for fresh consumption. (2) Subtropical lowlands of East and Southeast Asia, where sweetpotato is a winter crop in a rice-dominated cropping system. Low temperature and viruses are production constraints. (3) Subtropical mid-elevations of Sub-Saharan Africa where sweetpotato is grown for a short period but a major staple in processed form when it is a lean season for other staples. Drought and weevils are production constraints. (4) Subtropical mid-higher elevations of SSA where sweetpotato is grown as one of the staples in a maize-dominated cropping system. Frost and fungal diseases (Alternaria) are production constraints. Climatic conditions from rain all year round; to two marked wet seasons; one major cropping season; and cooler, mid-altitude situations, as well as the range of cropping systems sweetpotato is grown in, dictate the resistance and phenological characters that are needed in improved varieties. Beneficiaries Poor, small and mid-sized potato and sweetpotato farmers; consumers; children and women of child-bearing age. Over two billion small holders and consumers in Africa, Asia and Latin America would be affected by direct production and or use of resistant, added-value, micronutrient rich potatoes and


sweetpotatoes. Their use in processed products, or as additives/fillers based on dried produce (e.g. chips, flakes and flours) would extend use and delivery of nutritious foods by use in transformation, industrialization, marketing, feeding programs and fast food expansion opportunities. This will lead to new crop use/participation options for locally-produced raw materials often seasonally available in excess. and therefore under-priced or -utilized in developing countries. As such opportunities are developed, processors and other actors in the food use chain become important beneficiaries, with positive implications for producers, consumers and local agricultural sectors. End users CIP and NARS researchers and extension workers, Networks of evaluators; Farmers and their families and other institutions in developing countries working in potato- and sweetpotato-based development and innovation systems. Changes from last MTP Advances in germplasm evaluation and molecular genetics and the availability of new tools and approaches for genomics research, have provided significant incentive for increased efforts to identify and utilize genes for new, needed traits, with the objective of mainstreaming them into improvement programs. Last year saw the launch of a unique tool for the large-scale monitoring of potato gene expression. CIP and other members of the ‘POCI’ consortium will analyze raw and improved germplasm with a variety of priority traits and under specific challenges using an oligo-array of 40,000 unique genes. Furthermore, the Potato Genome Sequencing Initiative will improve available genomics resources and accelerate gene discovery and allelic diversity analysis in potato. A CCER of CIP’s strategies for the development and deployment of transgenic potatoes and sweetpotatoes recommended the Center to: (a) undertake needs assessment of genetic modification (GM technologies) on a case-by-case basis with particular attention to those in sensitive regions such as crop centers of origin or diversity; (b) help develop research capacity in and science-based knowledge about GM variety development, biosafety and geneflow; and (c) to prioritize the case of Bt sweetpotato for weevil control for its significant potential impact in Africa. While some of these recommendations depend on externalities, others and progress in related areas of research will influence the MTP. Fortunately a new project has come on line that will develop Bt sweetpotatoes along with virus resistance and a geneflow prevention system of CIP’s vegetatively propagated mandate crops. New output targets set in response to the CCER include the assessment of the occurrence and impacts of past events of gene flow from exotic varieties in the Andean center of origin and diversity and the assessment of trait fitness of transgenic potato in the field by simulation. Breeding for abiotic stress tolerance in potato is a neglected research area that could bring enormous benefits to poor-resource farmers. Potato is considered to be a drought-susceptible crop but considerable variation in productivity under water-limited conditions exists among germplasm accessions and varieties. Particularly native Andean potatoes that evolved in stressful environments (extremes of temperature, high solar radiation and periodic dry spells) exhibit superior drought tolerance due to the action of specific alleles or genes. In the case of sweetpotato the survival pf planting material across dry seasons is impeded by drought. The Project will conduct research in and complementary to the Generation Challenge Program to identify and use sources of drought tolerance to improve both potato and sweetpotato including by marker-assisted breeding. The successful calibration of rapid near infrared spectrophotometric (NIRS) methods with laboratory results from screening sweetpotato germplasm for micronutrient contents during 2005 has led to increased laboratory capacity which will be extended to maize, cassava, beans, wheat and potato, in effort to accelerate progress toward the breeding objectives of the HarvestPlus Challenge Program. Last year’s synthesis of efforts to detect and select useful variation in advance potato populations for adaptation to long day production conditions, including an early generation screening method, demonstrated CIP’s ability to provide enhanced germplasm for target countries of Central Asia. Field trails


will confirm this methodological advance, but breeding decisions made on it have already led to the identification of materials suited to challenging conditions of abiotic stress in Tajikistan. Five CA countries and China will be engaged in coordinated evaluation trials and baselines will be determined with HarvestPlus to assess potential impact on nutrition from biofortification of potato. Impact pathways Complementary efforts from a range of disciplines are needed to orient crop improvement and appropriately target investments and outputs. CIP’s other research projects house needed expertise and CIP-associated Partnership Programs can help obtain needed feedback on and assure efficient evaluation, fit and uptake of products. Project 3 will engage in each of the seven themes described in CIP’s MTP overview, respectively, through breeding for enhanced yield stability, marketability, nutrition and resource utilization. By the nature of its processes and products and through interaction with others contributing to the themes, Project 3 will help assure equitable access to technology and markets, food safety under intensification and participation in innovation systems. Strengthening NARS The Project’s strategy to strengthen NARS and help build synergies among research and development programs is based on 1) networking with potato and sweetpotato breeders and researchers in allied disciplines from genomics to economics, behavior and policy; 2) exchange of information, documentation and publication; 3) training to enhance local capacity to solve breeding problems and 4) advisory role to NARS on scientific issues related to germplasm enhancement and diffusion of varieties. The Project hosts the Vitamin A for Africa (VITAA) partnership and collaborates with regional networks in Africa (PRAPACE; SARRNET), Latin America (Papa Andina) and Asia (UPWARD), providing improved potato or sweetpotato materials, practices and related scientific support. This collaboration strengthens the capacity of national breeding programs to acquire, evaluate, develop and release varieties. The VITAA partnership is a food-based initiative that attacks the consequences of vitamin A deficiency through complementary efforts of national agricultural research institutes, health and nutrition departments, non-government organisations, community-based organizations and private sector agencies. It links with networks such as PRAPACE (ASARECA) and SARRNET (SACCAR) already working in Sub-Saharan Africa. VITAA consists of a coordinated set of activities building upon the experiences of successful pilot projects and promotes wider scale production and use of OFSP along with other micronutrient-rich foods. Activities include participatory testing of varieties for adaptation and acceptability, community-based multiplication of planting materials, nutrition education, post-harvest processing for market and for home consumption, promotion through social marketing, monitoring of impact on nutrition and health and capacity building. The partnership targets young children and their mothers, who are the most vulnerable to vitamin A deficiency. Initiatives by VITAA link well with the HarvestPlus Challenge Program, which is working to fortify major developing country staples through crop improvement. The overall objective of VITAA is to make OFSP available on a large-scale demonstrating the potential of crop-based approaches in alleviating micro-nutrient deficiencies, especially vitamin A deficiency. Collaborators Major Partner Strategic Role and Complementary Capability Project 3 Output Aga Kahn Foundation (Tajikistan)

Testing of elite clones with varietal potential under target production conditions

Output 1

Armenian Science Center of Agricultural and Plant Protection (Armenia)


Output 1

Biotech Dept. of Tashkent Testing of elite clones with varietal potential under Output 1


State Agricultural University, Institute of Vegetables, Melons and Potato (Uzbekistan)

target production conditions; Testing TPS families for adaptation to long day conditions

Helen Keller International (Burkina Faso)

Assessment and promotion of orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties in West Africa using integrated nutrition-agriculture approaches

Output 1

Horticultural Inst “Bogparvar”, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Inst of Plant Phys and Genet, FAO: OSRO/TAJ/401/CAN, (Tajikistan)

Testing of elite clones and TPS families with varietal potential under target production conditions

Output 1

PRAPACE - Regional Potato and Sweetpotato Improvement Network in Eastern and Central Africa

Convenes agencies from 10 countries in East and Central Africa to extend and adapt technologies derived from potato and sweetpotato research in the region

Output 1

Research Institute Potato & Vegetable Farming (Kazakhstan)


Output 1

SARRNET - Southern Africa Root Crops Research Network

Convenes agencies from 13 countries in Southern Africa region to extend and adapt technologies derived from potato and sweetpotato research in the region

Output 1

VITAA – Vitamin A for Africa Convenes >70 agencies from health, nutrition and agricultural sectors to extend the impact of orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties in >10 countries in SSA

Output 1

Dept of Agricultural Research Services of the Ministry of Agriculture (Malawi)

Research on variety selection and promotion in target environments

Output 1 and 2

Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization

Research on variety selection and dissemination in target environments

Output 1 and 2

Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária (Angola)


Output 1 and 2

Inst of Agricultural Research for Development (Cameroon)


Output 1 and 2

University of Nairobi (Kenya) Research on variety selection and promotion in target environments

Output 1 and 2

Wageningen Agricultural University (Netehrlands)

Socioeconomic research toward understanding processes of diffusion and adoption of potato varieties; Potato genomics (gene expression) facilities and expertise

Output 1 and 2

HarvestPlus Challenge Program

Expertise and facilities for micronutrient determinations, human nutrition, communication and impact

Output 1, 2 and 3

INIA - National Institute for Agronomic Research (Mozambique)


Output 1, 2 and 3

Kenya Agr Res Inst (Kenya) Research on variety selection and dissemination in target environments

Output 1, 2 and 3


National Agricultural Research Organization (Uganda)


Output 1, 2 and 3

Agriculture and Agri- Food Canada

Expertise and capacity building on genomics and bioinformatics

Output 2

All India Coordinated Potato Improvement Project (AICPIP), Shimla (India)

Testing of elite clones in different agro-ecologies at AICPIP centers

Output 2

Central Potato Research Institute Shimla (India)

Multiplication and testing of advanced elite clones with varietal potential under target production agro-ecologies; Testing of TPS families with potential characteristics under target production zones

Output 2

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China)

Research on genetic parameters of yield and adaptation to target environments and uses

Output 2

CIMMYT – International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center

Sharing bioinformatics techniques and tool development under the Generation CP; collaboration towards a common database for managing field and lab data (CIPPEX/ICIS)

Output 2

CIRAD - Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (France)

Cross-species genomics of drought tolerance genes

Output 2

Cornell University (US) Capacity building in population genetics, genomics and bioinformatics

Output 2

Crop Husbandry Institute, Tserovani-Mtscheta (Georgia)

Evaluation and selection of late blight resistance clones for variety development

Output 2

Centre de Recherche Public Gabriel Lippmann (Luxembourg)

Biochemical analysis of selected potato landraces Output 2

Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Develop tools for potato functional genomics Output 2

INIAP – Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (Ecuador)

Testing of elite clones and molecular technologies. Assessment of new sources of resistance for late blight

Output 2

IPGRI - International Plant Genetic Resources Institute

Sharing bioinformatics techniques and tool development under the Generation CP

Output 2

IRRI – International Rice and Research Institute

Sharing bioinformatics techniques and tool development under the Generation CP; collaboration towards a common database for managing field and lab data (CIPPEX/ICIS)

Output 2

IVEGRI - Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (Indonesia)

Evaluation of elite LB resistant potato clones in West and Central Java

Output 2

Max Planck Inst (Germany) Capacity building and research in genomics Output 2 NARI (Papua New Guinea) Introduction and testing of Potato Clones in

Papua New Guinea Output 2

NCGR - National Center for Genome Resources (USA)

Sharing bioinformatics techniques and tool development under the Generation CP

Output 2


Northeast Agricultural University (China)

Strategic testing of advanced breeding materials in long day environments

Output 2

Nutritional Research Institute (Peru)

Determination of role of potato in the diets of populations at risk of malnutrition; research and training in human nutrition

Output 2

PROINPA (Bolivia) Testing of elite clones and molecular technologies. Assessment of new sources of resistance for late blight

Output 2

RCRC/FCRI (Vietnam) Evaluation of Potato Clones resistant to Late Blight and Viruses in Red River Delta

Output 2

Refractions.net (Canadian software consultancy)

Contracted for consultancies on modern Java development techniques in support of activities under Generation CP

Output 2

Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University (Denmark)

Discovery of genes with antifungal properties Output 2

SCRI - Scottish Crop Research Institute

Functional genomics capacity Output 2

Tuber Crops Research Center, Joydebpur (Bangladesh)

Multiplication and testing of advanced elite clones with varietal potential under target production agro-ecologies

Output 2

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (Peru)


Output 2

Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Colombia)


Output 2

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (US)

Expertise and facility for analyzing molecular genetics of response to abiotic stress

Output 2

Yezin Agricutural University (Myanmar)

Evaluation of advanced potato clones in target environments

Output 2

University of Adelaide (Australia)

Micronutrient content analysis Output 2 and 3

Austrian Research Centers – Seibersdorf

Functional genomics capacity Output 2 and 3

Generation Challenge Program

Expertise and capacity building on population genetics, genomics and bioinformatics

Output 2 and 3

Agricultural Research Council (South Africa)

Assessment and improvement of sweetpotato diversity for SSA; variety testing development and multiplication of the basic planting materials; Testing Bt toxicity to Weevils, developing & testing methodology for assessing weevil incidence

Output 3

Crops Research Institute (Ghana)

Assessment and improvement of sweetpotato diversity for SSA; variety testing development and multiplication of the basic planting materials

Output 3

CTCRI - Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (India)

Cropping systems research Output 3


Dept. of Research and Training (Tanzania)


Output 3

EMBRAPA - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária

Post harvest evaluation for improved utilization of sweetpotato

Output 3

FIFAMANOR (Madagascar) Assessment and improvement of sweetpotato diversity for SSA; variety testing development and multiplication of the basic planting materials; Testing Bt toxicity to Weevils, developing & testing methodology for assessing weevil incidence

Output 3

Food Crops Research Institute (Vietnam)

Enhancement and testing of new sweetpotato germplasm for adaptation and utilization

Output 3

ICRISAT - International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (India)

Intercropping sweetpotato and legumes Output 3

ILETRI - Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute (Indonesia)

Evaluation of Sweetpotato Clones in Papua-Indonesia

Output 3

ISAR - International Service for National Agricultural Research (Rwanda)


Output 3

Louisiana State University (US)

Nutrient quality analysis and variety evaluations Output 3

Ministry of Agriculture (Zambia)


Output 3

NARI - Naliendele Agriculture Research Institute (Tanzania)

Assessment and improvement of sweetpotato diversity for SSA; variety testing and development

Output 3

Tanzania Food and Nutrition Center (Tanzania)

Nutrient quality analysis Output 3

Namulonge Agricultural & Animal Production Research Institute (Uganda)


Output 3 and 4

Agricultural Research Center – Roodeplaat (South Africa)

Develop commercialization of GM potato in South Africa

Output 4


Michigan State University (USA)

Develop commercialization of GM potato in South Africa

Output 4

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Sweden)

Facilities and expertise regarding engineering virus resistance to SPVD

Output 4

University of Ghent (Belgium)

Capacity building in Biosafety issues & management to African partners

Output 4

University of Helsinki (Finland)

Facilities and expertise regarding engineering virus resistance to SPVD

Output 4


Project 4. Integrated Crop Management Problem analysis Potato and sweetpotato farmers in developing countries face several biotic constraints that reduce crop productivity. The main constraints of global importance that affect the potato crop are the diseases late blight, bacterial wilt and a number of viruses, and the insects potato tuber moth, leaf miner fly and the Andean potato weevil. The main biotic constraints to sweetpotato production include viruses, sweetpotato weevil and white fly. The lack of high quality planting material is a common problem for both crops in developing countries where commercial seed production systems are virtually non-existent. In addition, soil fertility is declining in many developing countries, affecting the present and future productivity of these crops, which are planted to a large extent in marginal areas. The incidence of different constraints depends on regions and countries, however, in most cases two or more constraints act together to reduce crop productivity, which consequently reduces farmer competitiveness, food security and income. Biotic constraints also lead to the use of highly toxic pesticides that pose a serious risk to human health and environment. In addition, NARS in developing countries have limited access to suitable information, principles, technologies and methods, which influence their capacity to develop and deliver sustainable technologies in a more integrated way. Identification of specific problems to be tackled with research The lack of quality planting material for potato and sweetpotato in developing countries is the first problem that the ICM project is addressing. This is being done through research and training to improve formal and farmer-based (self-supply) seed systems. Improvement of the formal seed system will also contribute to a more efficient dissemination of new varieties. The optimization of soil-nutrient use will be addressed within a wider concept of developing strategies and methods for a better technical integration of agronomic management of potato and sweetpotato. The third and fourth areas of research focus on the development of control components for diseases and insects respectively; for this purpose basic research to understand the biophysical principles of pests is conducted at a preliminary stage, to transform this knowledge into tools and management components in a later stage. The fifth area of research is directed at developing participatory methods and strategies for integration of ICM components in response to specific needs and socioeconomic conditions of farmers. Because of the virtually unlimited variability of agro-ecosystems and socioeconomic conditions, the project focuses on the development of general principles and methods for integration and scaling-up and gives priority to provide training to NARS. Thus, the partner institutions (NARS) will use such principles and methods to fine tune components, integrate them and scale-up specific ICM strategies according to their priorities. Objectives The goal of the ICM project is to reduce poverty and hunger and contribute to sustainable agriculture by developing and disseminating new and appropriate technologies related to the integrated management of the main factors that influence potato and sweetpotato productivity. In this way the project aims at contributing to household food security, competitiveness and income generation and as a result, contribute to poverty and hunger alleviation. The objectives of the Division are a) develop and assess technological and organizational strategies for improving formal and farmer-based seed systems towards enhancing potato and sweetpotato production efficiency and competitiveness; b) develop and assess principles, strategies and methods for technical integration of agronomic management components towards sustainable intensification of potato and sweetpotato cropping systems; c) conduct basic and applied research to develop integrated management strategies for the main potato and sweetpotato diseases; d) conduct basic and applied research to develop integrated management strategies for the main potato and sweetpotato insect pests; e) develop and assess participatory strategies and methods for socioeconomic integration of potato and sweetpotato ICM to support NARS to be more responsive to the needs of the poor. There are some changes regarding last year’s MTP in the way objectives are written. The current MTP includes each objective linked to an output, which was not the case in the previous plan. In addition, there


has been some realignment of objectives and outputs, which have been already explained in the overview. Additional explanation about these changes is provided below: In Output 1: Strategies for improving formal and farmer-based seed systems towards enhancing potato and sweetpotato production efficiency and competitiveness validated in LAC, SSA and Asia there has been just a slight change in the terminology, replacing “informal systems” by “farmer-based” seed systems which are prevalent in developing countries. The new way the output is written also puts emphasis on improving production efficiency and farmer competitiveness. In Output 2: Strategies and methods for technical integration of soil, seed, disease and insect management components for subsistence and semi-commercial potato and sweetpotato growers developed in key countries in LAC, SSA and Asia, there has been a significant change. This output was previously oriented specifically to develop strategies for conservation agriculture and soil fertility management as components of ICM. However, NARS require strategies and methods for improving technical integration of crop management components, which includes soil fertility and conservation agriculture but as integration mechanisms in relation to seed, disease and insect management. In Outputs 3 and 4, there has been a slight change in terminology to emphasize the need to develop strategies for integrated disease and insect-pest management respectively and not only management components as it was previously written. In Output 5: Participatory strategies and methods for socioeconomic integration of potato and sweetpotato ICM components developed and made available for improving potato and sweetpotato innovation systems in LAC, SSA and Asia, there has been a significant change. In the last MTP this output included the development of strategies and methods for both technical and socioeconomic integration. In the current MTP, the development of methods for technical integration is part of Output 2 and in Output 5 the emphasis is specifically on the development of participatory strategies and methods for socioeconomic integration of ICM, which will be applied by NARS and NGOs according to the specific needs of regions and countries. Alignment with CGIAR System priorities Output 1. Strategies for improving formal and farmer-based seed systems towards enhancing potato and sweetpotato production efficiency and competitiveness validated in LAC, SSA and Asia The improvement of seed quality will contribute to enhancing farmer efficiency and competitiveness. Therefore, this output will contribute to Priority 3A (increasing income from fruit and vegetables), assuming that the Science Council designates potato as a high value horticultural crop1. The output will also contribute to Priority 4D (sustainable agro-ecological intensification in low- and high-potential areas) and Priority 5D (improving research and development options to reduce rural poverty and vulnerability). For new improved varieties to generate impact, they require to be disseminated through efficient seed systems. Therefore, this output will also contribute to the system Priority 2A (maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of food staples) when referring specifically to integrating management components to preserve the value of new genetic materials developed by CIP’s breeding work. Output 2. Strategies and methods for technical integration of soil, seed, disease and insect management components for subsistence and semi-commercial potato and sweetpotato growers developed in key countries in LAC, SSA and Asia The availability of principles and methods for technical integration of crop management components will help NARS to design and deliver more appropriate potato and sweetpotato ICM technologies, which, in combination with Output 5, will make NARS technologies more responsible to the needs of the poor. This output is clearly linked to Priority 4D (sustainable agro-ecological intensification in low- and high-potential areas), but it will also contribute to Priority 5D (improving research and development options to reduce 1 Potato is found in intensive horticultural systems in tropical highlands of SSA and also in plains of South Asia as a rotation crop,

where it is an important component of cool weather horticultural production oriented to markets. Potato is frequently the highest value component of those systems.


rural poverty and vulnerability), Priority 3A (increasing income from fruit and vegetables) and Priority 2A (maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of food staples) as explained for Output 1. Output 3. Components and strategies for the integrated management of key potato and sweetpotato diseases – late blight (LB), bacterial wilt (BW) and viruses – developed, tested and disseminated within ICM strategies in LAC, SSA and Asian priority countries; and Output 4. Components and strategies for the integrated management of key potato and sweetpotato insect pests developed, tested and disseminated as part of ICM strategies in LAC, SSA and Asia priority countries Developing environmentally friendly strategies for the integrated management of diseases and insects will contribute to the sustainability, productivity and competitiveness of potato and sweetpotato-based systems and to reduce the dependency on pesticides. This output is clearly linked to Priority 4D (sustainable agro-ecological intensification in low- and high-potential areas), but it will also contribute to Priority 5D (improving research and development options to reduce rural poverty and vulnerability), Priority 3A (increasing income from fruit and vegetables) and Priority 2A (maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of food staples) as explained for Output 1 and 2. Output 5. Participatory strategies and methods for socioeconomic integration of potato and sweetpotato ICM developed and made available for improving potato and sweetpotato innovation systems in LAC, SSA and Asia Having participatory methods to help NARS and CIP for more efficient technology generation in order to be more responsible to the needs of the poor will be linked to Priority 5C (rural institutions and their governance), particularly to the specific goal 1 of this priority, which is related to strengthening modes of participatory research. Output 5 will also contribute to Priority 5D (improving research and development options to reduce rural poverty and vulnerability) and Priority 5A (science and technology policies and institutions). Impact pathways The description of the main impact pathways per output is included below and refers to the pathways related to the new CIP’s research themes described in the overview section. Output 1. Strategies for improving formal and farmer-based seed systems towards enhancing potato and sweetpotato production efficiency and competitiveness validated in LAC, SSA and Asia The lack of quality seed for potato and sweetpotato growers is common in developing countries. Therefore, developing strategies for improving the formal and farmer-based seed systems and providing training to NARS and extension organizations, will have a direct impact on sustainable intensification of the crops, which will be reflected in income increase, poverty and hunger reduction, improving access to nutritious food for farmers. This will be important to help linking farmers to markets for regions such as Africa and Asia where potato is a high-value crop and farmers need to be more competitive to take advantage of market opportunities. For subsistence farmers, such as in the Andes, the output will help them to achieve food security, but also to initiate interactions with niche markets, for example, for commercialization of native potatoes. The relative strength of NARS has a direct influence on the possible development of formal seed systems. CIP will play a primary role in identifying bottlenecks that limit the improvement of seed systems and conduct research to solve some of the constraints, but also will play a catalytic role to bring institutions together from the public and private sector to address seed-related challenges. Intermediate users of the technology (NARS, including universities) will play an important role for adjusting and scaling-up technologies and strategies according to local conditions. Output 2. Strategies and methods for technical integration of soil, seed, disease and insect management components for subsistence and semi-commercial potato and sweetpotato growers developed in key countries in LAC, SSA and Asia Farmers face a number of constraints to potato and sweetpotato production, particularly related to seed, soil, diseases and insects. The Project will develop principles, methods and strategies for technical


integration of crop management components and provide them to NARS through capacity building. In this way, NARS will be enabled to develop and disseminate integrated management technologies more efficiently according to local needs (this will be achieved in combination with Output 5). The development of locally specific crop management strategies will support the sustainable intensification of potato and sweetpotato-based production systems in low- and high-potential areas and will be related to all research themes included in CIP’s strategic plan. CIP will play a primary research goal for the development of principles, strategies and methods, but only a secondary and facilitation role for enabling NARS (including NGOs and universities) to conduce more efficient integration of components. Output 3. Components and strategies for the integrated management of key potato and sweetpotato diseases – late blight (LB), bacterial wilt (BW) and viruses – developed, tested and disseminated within ICM strategies in LAC, SSA and Asian priority countries; and Output 4. Components and strategies for the integrated management of key potato and sweetpotato insect pests developed, tested and disseminated as part of ICM strategies in LAC, SSA and Asia priority countries Disease and insect-related constraints affect potato and sweetpotato in different regions. There are pests of global importance such as late blight, bacterial wilt and potato tuber moth and others with regional importance such as the Andean potato weevil in South America and the Colorado potato beetle in Central Asia. The development of management components for diseases and insects will have clear implications for sustainable intensification of the crops, thus contributing to income generation, poverty and hunger reduction, improving access to safe food and to help farmer to link with the markets more competitively. In addition, integrated disease and insect management will help reduce dependence on pesticides with the consequent positive impact on the environment and human health. Institutional constraints related to the competition of private agrochemical companies would be a conditioning factor for the results. CIP will play a primary research role for the development of management components and a secondary role in coordination with ARI’s for more basic types of research. In addition, it will play a role of facilitator for supporting access of NARS to scientific knowledge and technologies and enabling institutions to develop, apply and make available disease and insect management for the final users of the technology (farmers). Output 5: Participatory strategies and methods for socioeconomic integration of potato and sweetpotato ICM developed and made available for improving potato and sweetpotato innovation systems in LAC, SSA and Asia Public NARS in developing countries have been weakening over the years and new institutional players have started to increase in importance as information providers for farmers, for example, NGOs. However, the lack of access to technical and methodological information limits the institutional capabilities to help farmers to solve problems more efficiently. The project will develop strategies and methods and will provide capacity building to NARS (intermediate users) including NGOs, to facilitate the use of participatory methods to fine-tune ICM strategies for potato and sweetpotato according to local needs and socioeconomic conditions of farmers. This output is related to CIP’s new research theme on institutional learning and pro-poor change, aiming at contributing to improve the efficiency of the potato and sweetpotato innovation systems. Methodological change or adjustment will depend on the existence of favorable institutional environments, which can enable innovation; such environments vary from country to country. CIP will play a primary and secondary role for research, according to the strength of the NARS, will take advantage of experiences developed by other research and development organizations and will play a catalytic and facilitation role towards capacity building for NARS, in coordination with local or regional universities. Research approach to develop IPGs The project has a strong focus on IPG through the development of knowledge of biophysical principles related to the main potato and sweetpotato constraints and the development of management components of wider application, but also through the development of principles, strategies and methods to support the integration of management components by NARS according to local conditions. Outputs 2, 3 and 4 will involve the development of technically oriented IPG and CIP has a comparative advantage for this because it will build on previous knowledge about potato and sweetpotato constraint and because of the key liaison role it can play to link NARS and ARIs, but also to conduct global analysis regarding specific


constraints and their management, for example, late blight. Outputs 1 and 5 will involve the development of methodologically oriented IPG, in which CIP also has a comparative advantage in terms of approaches and methods developed in the past, but will also draw from relevant experiences developed by other institutions. External conditions The main assumption that drives the activities of the ICM Project is that NARS are willing to collaborate in the research process and that financial resources are available for conducing research. NARS participation depends on the level of organization, capabilities and resources available in each country and also on the existence of supporting policies for research purposes. On the other hand, the achievement of outcomes and impacts depends on the existence of mechanisms for dissemination of information and technologies, which include government and non-government extension services that vary from country to country. Target ecoregions The Project focuses its activities in the highland region of Latin America (LAC), South Saharan Africa (SSA), South West and Central Asia (SWCA) and East and South East Asia and the Pacific (ESEAP), where potatoes are grown. The Project has also important activities in subtropical lowlands in SSA, SWCA and ESEAP, where sweetpotatoes are grown. Within WWCA, a new ecoregion for the Project includes the Continental semiarid regions of Central Asia and the Caucasus, where potato is also an important crop. This ecoregion is characterized by long days with one main potato crop in the highlands and two potato crops per year in the lowlands. Collaborators

Partner Type Strategic role and complementary advantage (what capabilities the partner has, that CIP does not have, to facilitate the work)


PROINPA (Bolivia)

NARS Contributes with human, financial support and logistic facilities for conducting ICM-related research.

Output 1 Output 2 Output 3 Output 4 Output 5

ISABU (Burundi) NARS Contributes with human resources and facilitates technology evaluation with farmers.

Output 3

IRAD (Cameroon) NARS Contributes with human resources and facilitates technology evaluation with farmers.

Output 3

Vegetable Research Institute (China)

NARS Facilitates technology evaluation with farmers Output 3

Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University (Denmark)

University Contributes with funding for students and facilitates linkages with research teams in Developed countries in Europe.

Output 3

INIAP (Ecuador)

NARS Contributes with human resources for conducting research related to LB and insect control

Output 3 Output 4

International Association for Agricultura Development (Georgia)

NGO Contribute to validate farmer-based seed technologies with the Seed Growers’ Associations assisted by the NGO.

Output 1

University of Hohenheim (Germany)

University Contribute with students to conduct research as part of Master and PhD programs.

Output 4


Institute of Biological Control, BBA (Germany)

NARS Contributes with expertise on biological control, particularly for baculovirus-related research.

Output 4

Central Potato Research Institute (India)

NARS Contribute with human and financial resources to conduct research activities at the research station located in North-East, India.

Output 1

Department of Horticulture, Meghalyaa and Department of Agriculture Nagaland (India)

NARS Contributes with human resources for the validation and dissemination of positive and negative selection of clonal seed and TPS to improve farmer-based seed systems.

Output 1

KARI (Kenya) NARS Facilitate access to lab facilities and technology evaluation with farmers. It leads the ASARECA-funded project on seed and BW management.

Output 1 Output 3

Potato Development Section (Nepal)

NARS Contribute with human and financial resources to implement work.

Output 1

Plant Research International, Pherobank (The Netherlands)

University Contributes with expertise for pheromone detection and identification.

Output 4

SENASA (Peru) NARS For BW research, it facilitates access to biocontrol agents and massive production facilities.

Output 3

INIAE (Peru) NARS Contributes with human resources for conducting research related to IPM, soil and seed management.

Output 1 Output 2 Output 3 Output 4

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (Peru)

University Contributes with expertise for taxonomy of insects and research related to disease control, soil management and participatory research.

Output 4

CARE (Peru) NGO Contributes with human, financial and logistic support for evaluation of participatory research methods for potato ICM.

Output 5

DA-NOMIARC (Philippines)

NARS Facilitates technology evaluation with farmers. Output 3

Swedish Agricultural University

University Contributes with expertise for research related to LB epidemiology.

Output 3

Tashkent State Agrarian University (Uzbekistan)

NARS Contribute with tissue culture facilities and other infrastructure for initiating clean seed production.

Output 1 Output 4

NARO (Uganda) NARS Facilitates access to lab facilities and the evaluation of technology and participatory research methods with farmers.

Output 1 Output 3 Output 5

AFRICARE (Uganda)

NGO Facilitates the evaluation of technologies and participatory research methods with farmers.

Output 5

University of California (USA)

University Contributes with expertise for taxonomy and biocontrol-related work.

Output 4


University of Cornell (USA)

University Contributes with top expertise on modeling work for LB-related research.

Output 4

USDA-ARS, (USA)

NARS Access to expertise on biocontrol and PTM management in other environments and cropping systems.

Output 4

PRAPACE (SSA) Research Network

Facilitates contacts with research institutions in SSA for conducing ICM-related research.


NRI (UK) ARI Provides access to human resources for work related to participatory research and training methods in SSA.

Output 5

UPWARD (ASIA) Research Network

Facilitates contacts with research and development institutions in Asia for conducting participatory research related to ICM.


Collaborative Research Program for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Central Asia and the Caucasus

Ecoregional Program

Facilitates contacts with research institutions in Central Asia and the Caucasus for conducting research related to seed management and insect control.

Output 1 Output 4

CONDESAN Ecoregional Program

Facilitate contacts with local institutions for conducting research related to soil fertility management and conservation agriculture in the Andean Region

Output 2

HarvestPlus Challenge Program

Challenge Program

Provides funding for the Reaching End Users project, which contributes to conduct seed-related research in SSA.

Output 1

CIAT CGIAR Collaborate in research programs related to white fly control as vectors of viruses on sweetpotato in SSA and impact assessment of IPM in LAC.

Output 3 Output 5


Project 5. Natural Resources Management Problem analysis Sustainable agricultural development is at the core of the CGIAR mission statement. Nonetheless, the research programs of the centers have historically emphasized its contribution to this objective through increased crop yields. This approach had a tremendous impact in increasing food supplies and a reduction in the rate of expansion of the agricultural frontier, especially in Asia and to some extent in Latin America. However, focusing only on increasing food supply might produce a negative impact in the long run. This is particularly true when resources from a past era or from distant places subsidize the increment. An important issue is then whether agricultural growth can be compatible with conservation of the natural resource base in different ecological zones and countries. The biggest problem seems to be land and water degradation, which decreases crop yields and increase food costs, pushing many into poverty. A major challenge is then to find policies, institutions and technologies to make the three goals – agricultural growth, poverty alleviation and sustainable natural resource use – more compatible. Public demand for environmental services that are public goods is changing the picture of how agricultural policies are shaped. There is an increasing shift in agricultural policy from subsidy and trade policies to conservation and environmental aspects of agriculture. That is why it is not surprising that agriculture has been incorporated into the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade2. All these changes in paradigm require CGIAR centers to focus on understanding how agricultural growth interacts with the environment as well as how poverty interacts with the environment. That is, the research focus should be on understanding the complexity of the social-ecological systems where their mandate crops are established. These paradigms have been incorporated in the new systems priorities, particularly priority 4: poverty alleviation and sustainable management of water, land and forest resources. The challenge faced by the project is to facilitate the conversion of potato and sweet potato systems into resilient agro-ecosystems; that is systems with the capacity to absorb shocks and adapt to change while maintaining function. This is more easily said than done, since it requires in-depth study of the dynamics of complex systems, a paradigm that is just evolving. Therefore, new methods and approaches must be developed and tested without further delaying the most needed solutions for poor farmers depending on CIP’s mandate crops for their subsistence. Identification of specific problems to be tackled with research • During the period covered by the present MTP the Project will tackle the following issues • Lack of sound methods to target impact areas at different scale levels • The need to improve the reliability of root and tuber crops statistics in areas with high concentration of

resource-poor farmers • The limited ability to forecast potato and sweet potato yields under variable environmental and

management conditions • Methods to assess the environmental vulnerability of potato and sweet potato systems • Move technology from plots to watersheds to regions (scaling issues) • How externalities such as policies and environmental change impact productivity and the natural

resources • How to re-engineer productions systems with new technology, management and policy options to

foster adaptive capacity. Objectives The overall objective of this project is to augment the understanding of the behavior of complex human-natural systems where producing potato and/or sweet potato constitute key livelihood strategies and to enhance their sustainability both directly through technology and management improvements and

2 Antle, J. M. and R. O. Valdivia (2006). "Modeling the Supply of Ecosystem Services from Agriculture: A Minimum Data Approach.

"Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 50 (1): 1-15 pp.


indirectly through influencing policies and programs that affect sustainable development. During the period included in the present MTP the specific objectives are: • To develop methods for improved impact targeting and environmental vulnerability assessment. The

methods are based on tools being used in the new interdisciplinary science called complex systems3 • Contribute to the development of technologies, practices and policies to cope with environmental and

economic vulnerability • Integrate principles and approaches in specific case studies where the pro-poor R&D cycle is

implemented, aiming at enhancing adaptive capacity. Changes from the last MTP Output 2. Tradeoffs between productivity and the environment in target systems in the Andes, SSA and India evaluated (3 years) This output portrayed a limited view of the vulnerability problem in target areas. The objective is to identify eternal factors directly affecting the resiliency of the systems, develop tools and methods to model alternative scenarios to cope with the vulnerability, test selected options in the field and extract recommendations and policy options. The output has been re-written as: “Recommendations and policy options to reduce environmental and economic vulnerability on targeted ecosystems in the Andes and East Africa tested and documented (3 years)”. Alignment with CGIAR Systems priorities The CIP NRM project falls within the priority area 4: Promoting poverty alleviation and sustainable management of water, land and forest resources. The table below links the outputs of the project with the specific goals of the priority area 4. Output in Project 5 Specific goal in the SP4 Output 1: Methods, options and strategies for improved research targeting and Environmental Vulnerability Analyses, preparedness and mitigation in the Andes, SSA and SWCA developed (5 years)

Priority 4A Specific goal 1: To develop analytical methods and tools for the management of multiple use landscapes with a focus on sustainable productivity enhancement Priority 4D Specific goal 1: To improve understanding of degradation thresholds and irreversibility and the conditions necessary for success in low productivity areas Specific goal 4: Evaluate the production potential of high productivity systems and their constraints and trends Specific goal 7: To optimize productivity at high input use (e.g. labor, nutrients, pest control practices, water, seed and feed) through understanding and managing spatial and temporal variation

Output 2: Recommendations and policy options to reduce environmental and economic vulnerability on targeted ecosystems in the Andes and East Africa tested and documented (3 years)

Priority 4A Specific goal 2: To enhance the management of landscapes though changing stakeholder awareness and capacity for social-ecological planning at landscape and farm levels Priority 4D Specific goal 8: Identify social, economic, policy and institutional factors that determine decision-making about managing natural resources in intensive production systems and target interventions accordingly

Output 3: Genetic, agronomic and environmental management technologies for enhancing

Priority 4D Specific goal 3: To identify domains of potential adoption and improvement of technologies for improving soil productivity, preventing degradation and for rehabilitating degraded lands

3 The term complex system usually refers to a system of many parts, which are coupled in a non-linear fashion. In practical terms a

non-linear relationship means that a small perturbation may cause a large effect, a proportional effect, or even no effect at all whereas in linear systems, effect is always directly proportional to cause. Complex systems are open, contain feedback loops and their history – change over time and prior states– may have influence on present states (adapted from Wikipedia).


adaptive capacity in the high plateau of the Andes integrated

Specific goal 5: To improve soil quality to sustain increases in productivity, stability and environmental services through greater understanding of processes that govern soil quality and trends in soil quality in intensive systems

Impact pathways The theme Sustainable intensification of potato and sweetpotato based farming systems creates the connection between the Project 5 and the MDGs. In order to enhance the probability of impact, the project combines conventional NRM research activities and innovative information technology tools and methods with participatory approaches. Careful analysis of how knowledge, attitudes, skills and aspirations, evolve and how they contribute to the adoption of new practices (KASAP methodology) will be conducted in close collaboration with Project 1. Research approach to develop IPGs NRM research is, by definition, a site-specific activity. It is through comparative analyses in multiple sites that methods and tools are developed and validated. Data, tools and methods will be produced in the project. Methods to improve root crop statistics, process based models, yield forecast methods, non-linear scaling models and validated KASAP methods are potential IPGs produced by the project. External conditions The work in this project is highly interdisciplinary and participatory. It thus depends on the funding, especially of the high transaction costs of the participatory activities, the willingness of partners to collaborate and changes in political and environmental situations in the research/validation sites. Target ecoregions During the next three years (2007 –2009), Project 5 will concentrate its activities in LAC, SWCA and East Africa. Collaborators Major Partners Research Role Output Centro de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales y Medio Ambiente (Peru NGO)

Implement case studies Peru 3

Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecorregión Andina (CONDESAN)

Links to dissemination 3

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Leadership in payment for environmental services

2

Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria de Panamá (NARI)

Testing watershed analyses methods 2

International Livestock Research Institute Livestock Research 1 & 2 Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Extensión Agropecuaria (Peru NARI)

Saline soils and SP adaptation 3

Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute Implement case studies in Kenya 2 Montana State University Leadership in Tradeoff analyses -

econometric 2

University of Missouri-Columbia Leadership in Livelihood strategies research

1 & 3

Programa de Investigación de la Papa (Bolivia NARI)

Implement case studies Bolivia 3


Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú (National Weather Service)

Leader in meteorology & hydrologyC 1

University of Connecticut Leadership in Climate change modeling 1 Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Expertise in KASAP and soil sciences 1 & 3 Directorate of Agriculture, West Bengal, India

Implement case studies in India 3

Wageningen Agricultural University Tradeoff analyses - soil sciences leadership

2


Project 6. Agriculture and Human Health Problem analysis Historically, the areas of agriculture and human health have been compartmentalized, both in research and development efforts. Agricultural technology and interventions present opportunities to enhance human health through agricultural interventions and also present the challenge of minimizing the risks to human health from agricultural interventions. The fundamental problem is to develop an analytical science-based approach that decompartmentalizes the sectors of production, ecosystem health and human health, such that it informs the generation of new information and technologies as well as interventions. At this time, nutrition and pesticide use dominate the research subjects in this project. Reducing pesticide exposure risk to farm families is approached from competing paradigms. The predominant paradigm promoted by industry is the safe management philosophy. This philosophy places the blame for unsafe management on farmers. The approach is to teach farmers better handling, preparation, application, clean up and storage practices. Potato farmers and many other farmers continue to use highly toxic pesticides in conditions where safe management is not practical or expensive. The effective policy intervention identified by our and other’s research is prohibition on use of highly toxic pesticides. Like Ecuador, many Peruvian communities rely heavily on pesticides to protect crops. Due to this heavy reliance and the lack of resources, these communities may be at risk for dumping of obsolete pesticides or under-priced, potentially unsafe products. The Governments of Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia and the World Bank have identified the presence of persistent organic pollutants as a significant health and environmental risk. Potatoes are a valuable source of quality protein and an important source of vitamins and minerals. There is little information concerning the nutritional composition of native potatoes and other Andean roots and tubers and the effect of cooking, storage and processing. At the same time there is limited understanding of the contribution of native potato landraces and Andean roots and tubers within the diets of rural families at risk of malnutrition and the role they may play in contributing to it’s reduction. Identification of specific problems to be tackled with research The main problems related to pesticide use identified in this project are pesticide dependence of Andean communities poorly prepared to judge the risks and benefits of pesticide use and a policy environment for pesticide regulation dominated by special interests. This project addresses the pesticide dependence of Andean communities through documentation of the extent of poisoning, the impact of exposure and training focused on empowerment of farm families and local communities to propose alternatives to pesticide use. The adverse policy environment is addressed through the establishment of better information on the pervasiveness of poisonings and the extent of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) present in hotspot communities. The project utilizes several approaches to create an improved policy environment. We will establish national and local government endorsed surveillance systems to document the extent of poisoning and serve as a focal point for capacity and awareness building. We will use integrated assessment approaches to demonstrate feasible policy options that maximize benefits to conflicting interests of the agriculture, environment and health sectors. Poor knowledge of the nutritional benefits of native potatoes and Andean roots and tubers is addressed through research establishing the nutritional content of important varieties of these crops and an assessment of their consumption and nutritional benefit to vulnerable groups in Andean communities in Peru. The real influence of the native potatoes consumed has yet to be determined, including composition data, variability as a consequence of storage and processing and intake during different periods (abundance/scarcity). This information will be valuable for institutions that aim to reduce malnutrition and the methods developed will allow replication and adaptation of research results and principles in other parts of the Andes.


Alignment with CGIAR System priorities Sub-priority 4D, specific goal 6 Specifically, we are identifying additional opportunities for IPM to reduce dependency on pesticides and increase productivity. Sub-priority 5C, specific goal 2 The process of health and agriculture platforms to engage NARS and other sector stakeholders is a way to integrate health issues in the analysis of the agriculture practices leading the development of a transdisciplinary way of working for improving health. Sub-priority 5D The project will improve the characterization of the rural poor in relation to agriculture and their environment, including patterns of adoption of improved technologies and natural resource management practices and will identify and evaluate the means to improve ex ante risk management through improved information systems. An example is reducing pesticide exposure risk and improving households’ capacity to manage risk, in this case in relation to pests, pesticides and nutritional impacts across different levels of potato production intensity. In particular, we will use the Tradeoff Analysis approach to estimate tradeoffs faced by smallholders in production systems with different intensity of potato cultivation project these impacts over larger populations. Objectives The overall objective of this project is to create and institutionalize a trans-disciplinary research team to generate understanding on the human health, environmental and economic impacts of agricultural production technologies in target systems as an input to designing healthy, sustainable agricultural production systems. External conditions The pesticide-related activities occur in a policy environment where influential actors have strongly held positions that will be threatened by the outcomes from Output Targets. The threatened actors can be expected to make counter moves to protect their positions. Free Trade Agreements change policy context for production input costs and outputs. Target regions Ecuador and Peru in the Andes and food and nutrition insecure regions in East Africa including Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Rwanda. Beneficiaries The principal beneficiaries of the project are poor farming households in the target regions. End-users The principal end-users of the project are international and national IPM researchers and development experts in agricultural and health fields, extension agents, policy-makers and resource-poor farm and urban families. Strengthening NARS The capacity of NARS scientists is strengthened through joint participation in pesticide surveillance research, preparation of training materials, policy advocacy through formation of Local Pesticide Surveillance committees and linking agriculture and human health messages in participatory farmer training practices. The nutrition output makes documentation of information on nutritional content of roots and tubers available world wide.


Changes from last MTP New research activities were added to evaluate the health risks from POPs in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. The impact pathway output was completed. Impact pathways The pesticide research will reduce pesticide poisoning risks and environmental contamination. This contributes to the Millennium Development Goals to reduce under five and maternal mortality. Under five poisonings are a significant source of total pesticide poisoning globally. Small body weight makes exposure to even small amounts potentially fatal or injurious. Globally, pesticide ingestion is the major choice for suicide in developing countries. Improving the possibilities of policies to reduce the presence of highly toxic pesticides and improve farm family options for production without highly toxic pesticides will contribute to those goals. Research approach to develop IPGs The pesticide-related research being conducted in Ecuador seeks to understand the pesticide risk and production tradeoffs across different ecosystems (soil quality, rainfall, temperature). The research also seeks to develop a model of scaling up through multi-stakeholder platforms is innovative for health and agriculture working together to achieve joint agricultural productivity (lower costs with less pesticide use) and human health (fewer poisonings and less chronic neurotoxicity). The classic IPM poisoning work in the Philippines by Levisohn was mostly agriculture alone. When it is not linked with health, then it is not considered by health policy makers, even though, as the Ryan paper points out, there is currently greater investment in health and environment global PGs than agricultural at present. This is one method for having agriculture at the table when resource allocations to improve health outcomes are considered. The research will estimate the joint human health and production impacts of ways of increasing use of IPM and healthy crop management approaches by smallholders in different production conditions (low to high intensity) with enough power to both assess community versus household level effects and differential effects across participation in different interventions. As funding is obtained other case studies in other regions will be conducted. In the pesticides and health area, international agricultural research centers (IARCs) have a comparative advantage (versus health research for development institutions) in that they know the ways to reduce pesticide use, have relationships with farming communities through national partners, have legitimacy in relation to farmers such that farm households will both participate and benefit and have the policy leverage internationally. Collaborators

Major Partner Strategic Role and Complimentary Capability Output to which partner contributes

University of Toronto Occupational Safety and epidemiology 1 Montana State University Integrated assessment modeling 1 National Institute of Health (Peru), Ministries of Agriculture (Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia)

Inventory and Monitoring pesticide stocks 1

Epidemiology Departments of Provincial Health Office in Carchi and Chimborazo, Ecuador

Establish enhanced surveillance systems on pesticide poisoning, data collection, interpretation and intervention planning on health and agriculture data and activities

1

Universidad Politécnica de Chimborazo

Integrate students in cross agriculture-health research process


Project 7: Ecoregional Program: Consortium for the Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion (CONDESAN) Problem analysis The Andean ecoregion is home to an extraordinary ecological and cultural diversity where some 40 million people live. Unique to the Andes is their north-south orientation that further enriches the environmental diversity with changes in latitude that allows for ecoregional analysis on variables that are important throughout the region. The ecoregion is also central to the production of the water resources that are used in a large part of South America. Governments and civil society are increasingly concerned with water scarcity and unequal access to it and thus trying hard to promote a more sustainable use of the resource within Andean basins despite limited quality information available. On the other hand Andean geographic and cultural diversity has been traditionally seen as a barrier to the development of the region and its population. However, there are successful examples of innovative agricultural systems that value diversity and contribute to the welfare of Andean families. Both integrated water management practices and innovation in agricultural systems need to be up-scaled to produce the required impact in reducing poverty and stopping the deterioration of natural resources in the Andes. Identification of specific problems The paramos, jalcas and punas (high Andean grassland areas) are unique and diverse ecosystems closely related to the supply of water in the Andes but are also under threat due to unsustainable human activity. In addition, the Andes as a region suffers from water scarcity and its population from unequal access to it. Thus, the different aspects involved in integrated management of water resources (IMWR) need to be addressed at different scales despite the relatively scanty information available, so that existing alternatives are known and disseminated. Due to the degradation of these Andean ecosystems, water flows are being reduced affecting those whose livelihoods depend largely on water availability, including indigenous communities, subsistence producers as well as larger producers and urban water consumers. Thus, life of the Andean inhabitants is closely connected to the health of the Andes ecosystem, in particular in relation to water and food issues. A substantial challenge represents the way in which society should organize the highly complex elements involved in IMWR so that it becomes a source of opportunities, social inclusion and welfare improvements for the rural communities of the Andes, particularly for the poorest sectors. Thus, the different approaches being attempted for IMWR need to be assessed, documented and disseminated. CONDESAN itself is already contributing with the design of mechanisms that simultaneously promote environment conservation and increased farming income for families located in the upper watersheds. The Andean agricultural systems have also been undergoing transformations due to globalization, climate change, migration, urbanization, etc., significantly altering the context and posing new challenges for the agricultural activity both to society and the producers themselves. A significant challenge is to identify, share, replicate and expand the innovative processes that are based on the diversity in the Andes, mostly localized and relatively isolated, into a scale that allows for a substantial difference in the opportunities of welfare and social inclusion for the Andean poor. Agricultural innovation and rural development are social, political and institutional processes as much as technological ones influencing sustainable livelihoods4. Innovation in agricultural systems is a thematic area in which CONDESAN is starting to work and expects significant growth during the next few years due to its potential to improve livelihoods of the Andean rural population. Objectives CONDESAN has recently developed a Road Map in a participatory manner to define thematic areas of work for the future. The Road Map is intended to guide the “second-level” activities of the consortium such as producing regional information, synthesis, integration and value-adding activities at an ecoregional scale based on the results, knowledge, networks and capabilities built and accumulated by its partners. As 4 ”Impact Assessment and Evaluation in Agricultural Research for Development / Task Force on Impact Assessment and Evaluation,

European Initiative for Agricultural Research for Development (EIARD)


a result, the consortium’s objective for the next five years is to learn and promote opportunities for the welfare and social inclusion of Andean poor population based mostly on: (a) the integrated management of water resources and (b) the development of innovation in agricultural systems that value the Andean diversity. These are the two thematic areas where the consortium as a whole has decided to focus and contribute in the future. Based mainly on its links with partners and other local, national and international institutions, CONDESAN also aims to become a regional reference and a multi-stakeholder dialogue platform for issues related to the sustainable development of the Andean ecoregion. CONDESAN seeks to contribute to creating the enabling conditions that promote the institutional learning and changes required. The CONDESAN Road Map defines twelve expected outputs around the two selected thematic areas for the next five years. These expected outputs are re-grouped so that a reduced number of MTP outputs is presented here. The three general outputs of the MTP 2006-2008 are still addressed in this new MTP 2007-2009 but with more specificity, particularly in the area of IMWR. CONDESAN’s actions of coordination, facilitation or networking, although an essential part of CONDESAN’s work, are not part of the outputs in this logframe. The two CONDESAN MTP 2007-2009 outputs are entirely in line with the priorities set out by the Science Council. Moreover, the criteria of those priorities are being met by CONDESAN since the work is expected to impact on poverty alleviation, to generate international public goods and to bring a comparative advantage to the work that NARES or others could do given the ecoregional and multi-level nature of the consortium. Impact pathways CONDESAN works to produce impact on its target population (beneficiaries) which are the poor farmer groups living mostly within the Andean highlands (paramos, jalcas and punas). Farming (mainly tubers and grains) and cattle-raising are the main occupations, although income generation comprises additional activities for this population. However, the clientele or main users of the outputs are universities, NGOs, research centers, rural municipalities, private sector and government agencies in the Andes that form part of the network of partners and work directly with the communities. The outputs produced at the regional level are developed directly by the partners in their respective CONDESAN Initiative and thus the outcomes are achieved through them in reaching the main users. The CU contributes to influence users at the national and regional levels. The changes in behavior in the main users will produced the desired impact since their actions or decisions directly affect both the health of the natural resources and the livelihoods of the poor population in the Andean rural areas. Output 1 This Output intends to produce policies and management recommendations for improved IWRM at local, national and regional levels in Andean countries. It is linked in general to priority 4A and within this, closer but not exclusively to specific goal 4 (optimize long-term productive use of water resources in river basins). Priority 4C is also of importance for Output 1, with specific goals 1 (improved management practices that enhance productivity of water), 2 (enhance the sustainable development of water resources) and 3 (improved water-focused policies and institutions). Output 2 Output 2 focuses on innovations in the agricultural systems to take advantage of the diversity that exist in the Andean region. It is closely linked to the theme of institutional learning for pro-poor change defined by CIP, as well as System priorities 4C (specific goal 3, as for Output 1) and 5A (special goal 5: enhancing the structure, conduct and performance of knowledge-intensive institutions) that includes moving ahead to new agricultural paradigms and needs-based training. Output 2 is also related to priority 5C where it deals with new forms of partnerships to enhance the conduct and impact of agricultural research and priority 5D since in general it is concerned with enhancing impact of agricultural research in promoting options for the reduction of rural poverty and vulnerability.


Research approach to develop IPGs CONDESAN, through the work of its partners, produces new knowledge, methodologies and policies that are constantly being integrated into other projects as a result of continuous information exchanges and activities promoted and supported by partners and/or the CU. The IPG produced by CONDESAN are largely of a regional nature and generated by comparing information, methodologies and results at an ecoregional level. Researchers and development partners’ work together permanently testing hypothesis about the best way to address specific problems. An example is the application of different schemes of Compensation for Environmental Services at different sites. The knowledge produced is integrated into other partners work via regular exchanges, particularly those at the regional level, including CONDESAN´s Technical Committee meetings. InfoAndina, CONDESAN´s arm of communications and information plays a dissemination role of new knowledge produced by the different CONDESAN Initiatives. External conditions The main assumption is that the Andean region will be socially and politically stable during the period, thus allowing for increased public awareness of sustainable development issues at the different levels within the region. Target ecoregion The Andean ecoregion is the focus of CONDESAN’s work. However, there are tools and methods being developed in the Andes that have the potential to be applied to other regions. CONDESAN’s solid links with the Challenge Program on Water and Food, the Global Mountain Program, the Mountain Forum and CIP Research Divisions, allow for this interaction. Moreover, the institutional model and lessons learned by CONDESAN as a consortium and CIP as the convener center of CONDESAN could be applied to other regions through the CGIAR Systemwide and Ecoregional Programs. Collaborators CONDESAN is organized into “CONDESAN Initiatives” which are the benchmark sites (BS) and the regional projects implemented by partners with which a variety of research and development activities are carried out. Executing partners are mainly academic institutions and NGOs. The Initiatives often conduct activities such as training, policy development, dialogues on specific topics, local and national networking, among others. Due to the nature of the consortium, all Initiatives and the Coordination Unit (CU) make efforts to involve CONDESAN partners from other Initiatives in their own activities of regional nature. Thus, complementarities and synergies are established between partners and the consortium continuously grow stronger. By concentrating its efforts on second level activities, the CU contributes to strengthen these relationship between partners even more and also to extend the links to other stakeholders within and outside the region. InfoAndina supports partners’ cohesion within the consortium and disseminates their work to a wider audience. CONDESAN links scientists and rural development partners, public and private, located in national and international universities, research institutes, non-governmental organizations, local and central government institutions and enterprises. Formal main partners are those directly involved in “Local” or “Regional Initiatives”, comprising CONDESAN benchmark sites and ecoregional projects. Development partners apply approaches and methodologies at different levels and provide feedback so that scientists can better respond to field demands. Additional thematic and regional linkage groups are fostered and connected through InfoAndina. Depending on the specific thematic area, partners participate in achieving the output targets in conjunction with the CU. The outputs and output targets put forward in this MTP apply to those CONDESAN Initiatives in which the CU play an important role and where the funding is channeled through CIP as the hosting center. Table 1 offers examples of the contribution of partners to the Initiatives and to the MTP outputs which in turn contribute to the consortium Road Map. The Initiatives, which comprise several partners in multiple sites are:


A. Andean Paramo Project (GEF) and complementary Trans-boundary Paramo Project (Moore Foundation)

B. Andean Watershed Project (GTZ) C. Coordination of the Andean System of Basins of the Challenge Program on Water and Food

(IWMI) D. Mountain Forum-InfoAndina (SDC)

However, it should be mentioned that other CONDESAN Initiatives and partners also contribute to these outputs. However, these are not part of the MTP since resources are not channeled through the CU and are of direct responsibility of the partners. Complementing the above, CONDESAN has ongoing strong and healthy links with other CGIAR centers (apart from CIP) and their programs, namely:

• With IWMI: CONDESAN is the Basin Coordinator for the Andean System of Basins (ASB) of the Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF), lead by IWMI. This long-term program also connects research in the Andes with that of other parts of the world through other participating CGIAR centers (CIAT, IRRI, WFC and IFPRI).

• With CIAT: CONDESAN employs personnel at CIAT that collaborates with the GTZ-Andean Watershed project and the CPWF ASB Coordination. Moreover, CIAT leads a number of CPWF projects in the Andes. CIAT, similarly to CIP, has representatives in the CONDESAN Board as well as the Technical Committee. Strong links exist with CIAT’s Communities and Watersheds program.

• With ILRI: CONDESAN FAO project Pro-poor Livestock Policy Initiative, which recently ended, produced in 2005 a study on Dynamics in and out of Poverty in conjunction with ILRI, CARE and US Universities.

• With Global Mountain Program: GMP is working with CONDESAN case studies on how better policies can be designed and applied for issues that are of relevance and of potential application to other mountain regions in the world. In turn, the GMP has strong links with ICRAF and AHI.

• With ILAC (Institutional Learning and Change): a pilot CGIAR study on CONDESAN as a consortium and CIP as a convener center is underway with the technical assistance of ILAC.

Table 1. Selected CONDESAN partners The following are only a few examples of the type of partners and their involvement with CONDESAN for the MTP outputs. Several of these institutions participate on the Technical Committee of the consortium as representatives of the CONDESAN Initiative in which they are involved. CONDESAN today has seven local (BS) and five official regional initiatives with the participation of more than fifty partners.

Selected Partners Strategic role and complementary advantage to the Coordination Unit and CONDESAN Initiative in which participates


Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Ecología (ICAE) of the University of Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela

Applied field research, development actions, up-scaling in sites of Venezuela (Merida BS site and Paramo Project Initiatives)

Output 1 and 2

Andean Program of The Mountain Institute, NGO, Peru

Implementation of multiple components for the conservation of environmental services provided by paramo areas of Peru (Paramo Project Initiative)

Output 1

Mountain Forum, international program, regional and international

Communications and information strategies for the consortium in general and individual projects and partners, analysis and dissemination of materials. Forms part of InfoAndina (Mountain Forum Initiative)

Output 1 and 2

Global Mountain Program, international program

Applied research on policy and institutional analysis (linked to Andean Watersheds Initiative)

Output 2


Grupo Randi-Randi, NGO, Ecuador

Applied research and development actions, with emphasis in IWRM and gender (Carchi BM Andean Watersheds Initiative)

Outputs 1 and 2

Centro Ecumenico de Promocion y Accion Social (CEDEPAS), NGO Cajamarca, Peru

Wide range of development actions and applied research in conservation agriculture, co-investment schemes (Cajamarca BS, Paramo Project Andean Watershed Project, CPW&F Initiatives)

Outputs 1 and 2

CIAT, CGIAR center, regional and international

Applied research in IMWR and innovation systems, technical assistance on watershed management (several BM Initiatives; Andean Watershed Project, CPW&F Initiative)

Outputs 1 and 2

University of Amsterdam, international

Applied research (Paramo Project) Output 1

Corporacion Autonoma Regional de Cundinamarca (CAR), government agency, Colombia

Development actions for conservation agriculture, ecosystem hydrological services valuation and co-investment schemes (Andean Watershed and CPWF Initiatives)

Output 1 and 2


Project 8. Global Mountain Program Problem analysis Mountains are fragile, topographically highly variable, often difficult environments that cover one quarter of the Earth’s surface. They are home for 720 million people, the source of 80% of the world’s fresh water, 50% of the biodiversity and 35% of the world’s forests. Its people, often indigenous, are usually knowledge rich and culturally diverse, but are counted amongst the world’s poorest and marginalized. For example, in a recent IAC report on Africa, five of the eight poverty hotspots are in the mountains. In the past, the mountain populations did not profit from science-based opportunities in comparison to those living in the favored environments of the lowlands. The people and environment in mountains are particularly vulnerable to processes of globalization, urbanization and climate change due to their added disadvantage of poor infrastructure, education, support and remoteness to markets and political power. On the other hand, mountain resources are being increasing exploited by international markets, national urban centers and local mountain inhabitants. At the same time lack of opportunity is driving out-migration and affecting the maintenance of agricultural, rural and family infrastructure. Serious deterioration has taken place of these fragile environments. Reversing the trends requires mountain specific research on key issues to provide more enabling policies and support to mountain people. Reflecting on the role of the CGIAR in mountains, it is apparent that individual centers have over the years invested substantial research for mountainous regions. Much capacity and experience is available in areas of agricultural technology, forestry, natural resource management, management of genetic diversity and policy. The problems in mountains are complex and often are institution and process based, rather than purely technological. However, few of these issues have been dealt with in an integrated CGIAR wide manner, nor has there been a center level synthesis of products for mountain environment, or dialogue on development of coherent research strategies by the system to have broad impact in these complex fragile systems. The GMP is designed to facilitate process, linkages, developing platforms, bringing the system together to create added value in mountains. Part of this work is creation of thematic research areas such as reported in Output 2. The thematic research area is designed to link to development through facilitation of the development of a stakeholder platform on Rural Urban Linkages (RUL) in which brings together all important stakeholders in a benchmark site and links their needs to CGIAR as well as other research organizations. Using benchmark sites enables development of clear impact pathways to impact on MDGs and functional units that can share information with similar groups in other parts of the world. Each of the Centers with relevant expertise can link its expertise into the information and technology design process in a coordinated manner. The expected end result is a value added product with far greater impact than what each center could produce alone. Identification of specific problems to be tackled with research Opportunity 1. Collecting, analyzing and packaging the CGIAR products for mountains Although the CGIAR has over thirty years experience in working in mountain regions, to date there has been no attempt to bring together the CGIAR ‘offer’ for mountain regions. Surprisingly, many of the products of CGIAR Centers are not easily accessible at present. An effort has to be made to bring these valuable resources together. Access to CGIAR products of the last 30 years and from other sources will provide new tools and opportunities and choices for mountain people to better manage their specific needs. As a first step the products of the system for mountain regions need to be collected, analyzed, packaged and targeted to make them better available to people as a information database, as a supermarket or an innovation marketplace. Secondly, the products can be used to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the CGIAR system research to reach the MDGs in mountains and to develop value added strategies to use the synergies of the system to better reach the MDGs in mountain regions. The opportunity translates to Output 1 and contributes to SPs 5A, 5D. Opportunity 2. Strengthening Rural Urban Linkages and livelihood options in mountains (RULs) Urban centers are increasingly affecting rural mountain areas. They act as strong sinks for agricultural and forest products, water, nutrients, minerals and people. Unmanaged extraction and use of these resources


is depleting the resource base necessary for future livelihoods people and function of mountain ecosystems, including agriculture. Already, deforestation, mining, water contamination and overuse, broken nutrient cycles and poverty driven emigration from rural areas are causing serious degradation of the natural resource base and are causing a decline in well-being and health of rural mountain populations. Similarly, urban areas are affected by a deterioration of rural mountain resources though reduced water quality and availability, lack of fuel, availability of agricultural products, reduced scenic quality for recreation. These are key issues that influence development in mountains. It is imperative to the success of efforts that support rural as well as rural populations in mountains that these issues are connected and not investigated in isolation. Many rural problems of poverty, food security, NRM and the environment cannot be solved without including the urban link in the management of rural resources. . There are numerous key knowledge gaps in understanding and improving the effectiveness of planning & policies that affect urban & rural livelihood and agro-environmental issues and there is a need for targeted livelihood options for groups with different access to markets that need concerted investigation for which the CGIAR as a whole has capacity. The issues need a focused, integrated research approach and territorial rather than sector based planning, policies and support strategies for sustainable mountain development The GMP has made RULs a thematic area that enables CGIAR centers to use their strengths to as a system to add value to present efforts. Addis Ababa will be used as the first of its CGIAR wide benchmark sites. In the CGIAR system the GMP is launching this initiative in close collaboration with the African Highland Initiative and the System Wide Urban Harvest Program. The GMP has been joined in the venture by urban and rural Ethiopian institutions research and civil institutions. The GMP with these partners will first develop baseline data on actual livelihood issues and options of rural to urban mountain populations. Better baseline information is also needed on the inflows and outflows of goods from rural areas to rural area and existing on existing policies. Research would contribute to quantification of identified problems such as water availability and quality, forest degradation for fuel, migration and health and contribute to better targeting of support to mountain people. The Rural Urban linkage approach would provide the basis for actions using cities as engines for rural development through better incentives for environmental stewardship, such as Payment for Environmental Services (PES). In addition, the approach contains non-research components of development of a platform for stakeholder development action in each of the benchmark sites whose activities research would support with information and tools. This model provides for a clear supportive role of research for development in defined benchmark sites where MDG impact can be measured. Establishment of benchmark sites in different continents should provide an opportunity for cross-site learning by stakeholder groups and the CGIAR. The opportunity translates to output 2 and contributes to SPs 4A, 5B, 5C, 5D. Opportunity 3. Enabling national policies on the sustainable development of mountain areas Mountain resources are playing an increasingly important role in development processes of countries, but specific challenges of development are rarely reflected in national policies. Enabling policies including those for agriculture and rural development are regarded by some sources as the single most important factor influencing the sustainable development of mountain areas. Only few countries have adopted coherent policies for the development of mountains. The most evident places of failed or non-existent policies are those where there are conflicts over resources or territory, such as water, mining and forests. In other cases such as soils and cultural, bio and genetic diversity there are wide spread, but less politically visible crises. Often these problems are related to centralized, sectorial, rather than decentralized territorial resource allocations and lack of opportunity for rural populations and a lack of policies that provide incentives for stewardship of resources. The GMP has been collecting and analyzing mountain policies for mountains in the east African Highlands with AHI and has begun to collect and analyze existing policies in Peru and Colombia in the Andes with CONDESAN. The project is part of a global analysis of mountain policies of Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in Mountains supported by the Adelboden Group through the FAO. The opportunity translates to output 3 and contributes to SPs 1A, 3D, 4A, 4C.


Objectives The objectives of the GMP in the next three years are to improve the contribution of the CGIAR to the Millennium Development Goals through: a) analysis of the CGIAR ‘offer’ in mountains and development better mechanisms to harness the CGIAR research strengths to support sustainable mountain development; b) better understanding and connection of processes that affect sustainable mountain development, especially the role urban-rural linkages through collection and analysis of baseline information on peoples livelihood issues and options; c) and to collect and analyze mountain policies on key issues and participate in developing policies that enable sustainable development in mountains. Alignment with CGIAR System priorities The objectives are cradled in the new priorities of the CGIAR. The GMP will concentrate in creating linkages and promoting research on key issues that integrate research of the CGIAR with development activities working together also with non-CGIAR partners so as to enhance the overall impact of the CGIAR in mountains. The principal SPs supported are 1A, 3C, 4A,D and 5A,B, C, D. Changes from the last MTP Changes in the MTP 2006 and 2007 were made to better define outputs as the new activities of the GMP became clearer, to realign the outputs to the SPs and to adjust them to funding and logistical constrains. In Output 1 CGIAR platform building activities had been mixed with activities to add value to the CGIAR “offer” for mountains by collecting, analyzing and packaging the available products. Since platform-building activities are not regarded as research by the SC the activity as been removed. The Output 1 target is now collecting, analyzing and packaging the CGIAR system products for mountains. Adjustments were also made due to unexpected funding constraints. In Output 2, only the output targets have been adjusted due to operational delays that were out of the programs control. In addition, specific output targets have been more clearly defined. Output 3 remains essentially the same. No output target has been defined as yet for 2009, since an analysis of the present studies and results from the workshops will determine if the activities should continue and if so how. Impact pathways Output 1. Collecting, analyzing and using the CGIAR products for mountains Collection and packaging of material through development of a marketplace of supermarket system will make CGIAR products for mountains (and later also products from other sources) directly available to mountain people and groups working on mountain issues. Development of tools and mechanisms such as marketplace systems enable them to better accessible. Better access to the resources will enable rural people to empower themselves to improve their livelihoods and to better manage the natural resource base. In addition, Output 1 contributes to the tools for Output 2. Output 2. Strengthening RULs and livelihood options in mountains Research linked with use of benchmark sites and a stakeholder platform to strengthen RULs and livelihood options, enables the CGIAR to work as a system and with partners more effectively understand the how RULs work, collect and analyze baseline information on livelihood options, land use, product flows and policies to develop user friendly decision support tools that provide options to planners and more targeted livelihood options within new planning and policy scenarios. Baseline studies provide data for future evaluation on changes on livelihoods and MDGs. The methodology developed for Addis Ababa will be adapted and used in other benchmark sites. Decision making support tools are used by planners and national institutions to more effectively link urban and rural development, through enabling policies, better institutional coordination and targeted technological options for people with and without market access. Better inter-sectorial coordination and information for planning that incorporates understanding of RULs results in positive effects on livelihood options and management in rural and urban areas that in turn


leads to increased food security, well being and income of mountain people and better stewardship natural resources in mountains. The MDGs, effected especially poverty reduction and environment, are reached in the three benchmark sites in mountains through a combination of coordinated research and development activities. Output 3. The strengths and weaknesses of mountain policies for sustainable agriculture and rural development in mountains Information on the strengths and weaknesses of policies in the Andes for water, soil and forest management in mountains is collected and analyzed based on the perspective of users. Using the information planners and policy makers design improved policies or implementation strategies that promote sustainable mountain development and resource use that are accepted by mountain people. Through an enabling policy environment mountain resources are more effectively and equitably managed resulting in improved livelihoods and poverty reduction as well as better environmental management, which contribute to the MDGs. Further value added of the study is expected through the use of a global analysis of this and similar studies in Asia, Europe and Central America by the Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development for Mountains (SARD-M) project secretariat of the Adelboden Group based at FAO. External conditions The assumptions are that sufficient funding available, that partners complete their part of the agreements, that the program has sufficient institutional support to enable it to effectively function as a system wide program and that target regions will be socially and politically stable. Target eco-regions The GMP works globally. Presently, due to funding limitations, activities are concentrated in Sub Saharan Africa and Latin America. In the future activities in Asia will be included. The program also intends to increase its activities in Africa. Beneficiaries Rural and urban communities in mountains, local and national planners and policy makers, research scientists and institute directors, NGOs and international development organizations. Collaborators

Major Partner Strategic and complementary advantage Outputs to which partner contributes

The Mountain Forum Global service for communication and information for mountains regions. Its role is firstly as focal point for the innovations and as partner in developing a supermarket or marketplace for innovations and options.

Output 1 (2007)

The African Highlands Program Principal partner in Africa. Houses the GMP financed mountain forum resource person. Has links to important CGIAR centers in East African highlands and national groups.

Output 1 (2007)

The International Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD)

Principal GMP partner in the Hindu Kush Himalayas. It houses an information and Knowledge management program. The program would provide technical expertise on development of an innovation marketplace.

Output 1 (2007)


The System Wide Initiative on Urban Agriculture. (Urban Harvest Program).

Co-supervises the RUL Research Fellow. Concentrates on Urban parts of the research.

Output 2 (2007)

The African Highlands Initiative (AHI)

Co-manages the RUL Research Fellow. Support of livelihood survey work.

Output 2 (2007)

Ethiopian Institute for Agricultural Research (EIAR)

Part of the RUL research support group. Output 2 (2007)

University of Addis Ababa Support Livelihood survey work Output 2 (2007) Addis Municipal Planning offices Help test the models. Output 2 (2007) IFPRI, CIFOR, CIAT, CIP, IWMI, ICRAF, ILRI,

Members of the RUL-M research working group. IFPRI supports work on migration and product flow. CIP’s NRM Division supports development of decision support models for planners. CIFOR supports research on policies, deforestation and urban demand for wood-products, IWMI supports activities in upstream and downstream water management.

Output 2 (2007)

Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods in Mountains (SARD-M) Project of the Adelboden Group at FAO.

Coordinator of the global collection and analysis of Mountain Policies for SARD-M.

Output 3 (2007)

CONDESAN Co-manager of the Mountain Policy analysis project.

Output 3 (2007)

CUENCAS ANDINAS Coordinator of activities in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.

Output 3 (2007)

INTERCHAP (Peru) Implementer of case study and policy analysis in Peru.

Output 3 (2007)

FONDESOT (Colombia) Implementer of case study and policy analysis in Colombia.

Output 3 (2007)


Project 9. Urban Harvest Problem analysis The developing world is increasingly urban. Forty percent of Africans and Asians now live in cities; in Latin America it is 80%. Some of the fastest rates of urban growth are in Africa, where an estimated 225 million more people will be living in cities by 2020. By that time, eight of the nine largest megacities in the world will be in developing countries. Urbanization in the developing world is also a migration of poverty and child malnutrition to towns and cities. In Latin America about 62% of the poor now live in urban areas. In Asia and Africa, the figure is about 40%. Poor families living in cities find themselves in a specifically urban poverty trap. While work is limited, food is expensive and takes up a major part of earnings. Services like education are more costly than in rural areas and insecurity is endemic. Lacking the support networks common in rural communities, poor urban households are vulnerable to economic and political shocks. With these pressures on household financial resources, the family’s nutritional well-being and health are at risk. Poor urban families in the South suffer a “double health burden”, facing typically rural nutritional, respiratory and contagious diseases as well as the new “lifestyle diseases” such as obesity, heart disease, cancers and diabetes. Urban ecosystems are also at risk from the rapid growth of population and poverty. City services become overstretched, local natural resources deteriorate and it is usually the poorest people whose health and safety is most compromised by these environmental problems. Increasing numbers of poor urban households are seeking direct ways to alleviate food insecurity and secure other aspects of their livelihood through cultivating areas of land and raising livestock in and around cities. As many as 800 million are estimated to be involved in this strategy world-wide with some cities, such as Dar es Salaam and Kampala having more than a third of their households pursuing urban agriculture. Crop and livestock production thus offer potential solutions to food and income insecurity and can provide productive ways to conserve urban natural resources. At the same time, there is need to ensure that these benefits are not compromised by potential problems created by the agricultural activity itself. This concerns primarily the risk to densely settled urban producers and consumers from exposure to organic and inorganic contaminants that are concentrated in the urban environment. There are multiple, agriculture-related pathways – air, soil, water, plants, animals and their products – through which these contaminants can impact on human health. and through the higher human population densities. Identification of specific problems to be tackled with research Though urban areas in the developing world face socio-economic and environmental problems, they also present new concentrations of wealth which bring increased demand for livestock products, high-value crops and processed products as well as cut flowers and ornamental plants. Urban producers can increase their own income and food and nutrition security through easy access to diverse markets, the ability to quickly market high quality, perishable products and the advantage of establishing direct producer-consumer relations or short marketing chains. Research is needed into the actual and potential value chains and enterprise clusters linking producers to markets. These different product markets have the potential to contribute to the economic and social development of households located along the entire urban-rural transect. Despite the stereotype of rural agriculture and urban manufacturing, in practice the agricultural sector cross-cuts rural-urban boundaries and manufacturing and services are commonly found in rural areas. This overlap of sectors is underscored by the agriculture-related two-way flow of people, produce, inputs, financing and knowledge along the rural-urban transect. This suggests their inter-dependence is of greater importance than their separation. Analysis of rural-urban linkages can help us to understand where improvements in rural-to-urban food flows can best contribute to better food security among the urban poor and where opportunities exist for urban food production to make a complementary contribution – either directly or via income opportunities – to household food and nutrition security. Two important aspects of research on the nutritional contribution of urban agriculture will be first to develop strategies for novel ways of delivering planting material of nutritious crops to a wide range of urban producers and second, to find ways to increase the


consumption of important types of foods, notably animal source foods (ASF) to combat both protein and micro-nutrient deficiencies. Cities are concentrations of demand for a diversity of agricultural products. They are also nutrient sinks and repositories of other untapped natural resources. Nutrients are found in the vast quantities of wastewater and organic residues generated in urban and peri-urban areas. Cities also contain under-utilized land and water surfaces that can be put to productive use. The use of these urban resources also carries health risks, as do the use of agro-chemicals and animal raising in densely populated areas. Research is needed to identify where human health risks occur, how to mitigate them and how to support local producers to safely benefit form available urban resources. The dense network of administrative jurisdictions, legal obligations, competing rights and policy prescriptions that reach into the lives of urban households is another key characteristic of cities. Agricultural activities are usually circumscribed and sometimes proscribed by ordinances and other regulations and frequently encounter competing rights for the resources deployed. Research on policies and institutions is needed to understand this situation and to develop strategies for stakeholder dialogue and platform building to better integrate urban agriculture in urban governance. Objective The goal of Urban Harvest is to stimulate the contribution of agriculture within and around cities to increasing urban food and nutrition security, alleviate poverty whilst contributing to the sustainability of urban livelihoods and the urban environment. The objectives of Urban Harvest are to: (a) Establish the conditions for the institutional and policy recognition of urban and peri-urban agriculture

as a productive and essential component of sustainable cities. (b) Reduce poverty and increase food and nutrition security of urban and peri-urban populations through

local agricultural production and processing. (c) Reduce the negative environmental and health impacts of urban agriculture whilst enhancing its

positive potential for urban ecosystem maintenance. To address these objectives, a research framework has been developed which draws on earlier insights into sustainable livelihoods and urban ecosystems health and consists of three elements: Stakeholder and policy analysis and dialogue seeks understanding of the actors, policies and institutions concerned in urban agricultural activities and develops methods for communication and consensus among actors and legitimacy for urban agriculture in policy and regulatory schemes. The element of Livelihoods and markets targets production, processing, marketing and consumption systems along the rural-urban transect and identifies technology interventions to enhance incomes and increase food and nutrition security. Urban ecosystem health focuses research attention on the feedback mechanisms between agricultural activities and population, community and environmental health (see Annex 1). Changes since previous MTP Because Output 2 on increasing productivity and marketing of urban-produced agricultural commodities can have both poverty alleviation and food and nutrition security impacts, it has been merged with Output 3 on child nutritional health. Although in the previous MTP, limitations on resources led to the decision to exclude Output Targets for research in South and West Asia, the inclusion in CIP’s strategic of a new research theme on “sustainable and healthy horticulture in and around cities” with an initial focus on potato- and sweetpotato-based horticultural systems it proposed that the region would likely be reintroduced, because of the importance of potatoes in peri-urban and urban systems. Alignment with CGIAR System priorities Output 1 documents the importance of agriculture as a livelihood strategy for urban households and as a contribution to a sustainable urban environment. It provides the means to influence science policy and institutions to include urban and peri-urban agriculture within research and development agendas and is thus well aligned with Priority 5a.


Output 2 consists of innovative technologies and practices that increase productivity and/or marketing of high value urban and peri-urban (UPA) crops and livestock products for the benefit of families directly or indirectly dependent on peri-urban horticulture and livestock-based farming systems and is directly related to Priorities 3A and 3B which target improved livelihoods of poor farmers and laborers through increasing income from fresh marketing of fruits, vegetables and livestock products or through adding value via agro-processing activities. Some of the crops in these systems are also candidates for biofortification (sweetpotatoes, beans, potatoes) and provide opportunities for enhancing the nutritional status of beneficiaries, especially young children. Output 3, which develops methods to mitigate human health risks from UPA and to enhance the sustainable use of urban natural resources for agriculture, is aligned with 4c, improving water productivity through the safe use of wastewater for agriculture. This Output is also aligned with priority 4d, the sustainable agro-ecological intensification in low and high potential environments, through the pursuit of research opportunities for nutrient recycling in these systems and the need for innovative means of safely managing pests and diseases in areas with high population densities. Because of the health risks and regulatory aspects of this Output, it is also aligned with 5a. Output 4, policy options and institutional and planning strategies to support safe and sustainable agricultural production in urban areas, is primarily aligned with priorities 5a and 5b, especially enhancing technology strategies and priority setting by local government agriculture departments and adjusting their structure and performance to better integrate agriculture into policies and planning. This Output is also aligned to Priority 4a, integrated land, water and forest management at landscape level. Peri-urban landscapes are mosaics of multiple land uses, often with conflicting demands on resources. Farm level and landscape (or municipal) level planning capacity can contribute to a more rational management of the different uses to maximize poverty alleviation and sustainability of the environment. Impact pathways Activities of the project are implemented through regional networks of “anchor cities” - urban and peri-urban locations where diagnostic studies, technical interventions and policy analyses and development take place. Other cities in each of the regions are linked to Urban Harvest activities through networks, training and other mechanisms. These are referred to as “contact cities”. Anchor cities have been identified through the intersecting of a number of targeting indicators: large urban centers with concentrations of poor people (megacity focus); Urban centers with high proportion of food and nutrition insecure; countries with high urbanization rates; mother-child food security systems; small city systems with close links to rural hinterland; urban/peri-urban systems widely distributed; locations with logistical support. Principal operational sites by country and ecology are: Manila capital region, Philippines (humid tropical lowlands); Hanoi, Vietnam (sub-tropical lowlands): Yaounde, Cameroon (humid tropical lowlands); Kampala, Uganda (sub-humid tropics); and Nairobi, Kenya (sub-humid tropics); Lima, Peru (desert). Although the project is implemented through activities in specific sites, output targets and outputs involve frameworks, models and strategies which are applied locally, through city partner networks and also regionally and globally, via networked cities. Thus impact pathways involve both the linear relationship between activities, outputs, outcomes and impacts and also the dynamic, multidimensional network linkages involving local, regional and global partners and ultimate beneficiaries. This latter meaning of impact pathway can be considered the real “map” of how the Project moves from outputs, through outcomes to impacts. Urban Harvest has developed a number of mechanisms to facilitate this process. The three components of the Project are related through a framework which adapts sustainable livelihoods and eco-system health approaches in order to closely connect the problem identification with areas of intervention and kinds of partners. The Project also has built into its operations the establishment of dialogue platforms within cities to facilitate collaboration among partners and to provide a mechanism to deal with special policy or institutional conditions which can constrain the uptake of outputs.


Beneficiaries and end-users Urban producers’, processors’ and consumer associations and groups; municipal authorities; national agricultural research and development systems; national planning and environmental authorities; international multilateral agencies. Research approach to develop IPGs Urban Harvest has two major approaches to developing IPGs. The first is to emphasize the testing and validation of strategies, frameworks and methods, which are the major types of outputs, in multiple sites, after they have been developed initially in a single or sometimes in two sites. This allows for adjustment and leads to greater robustness. The second is to carry out comparative, “meta” evaluations of similar output targets from sites in different regions. Collaborators Networking knowledge exchange at the national and regional level occurs through networks centered on the anchor cities and contact cities described above and also through linking to existing regional networks of national organizations concerned with urban agriculture, management and development, such as Red Aguilar in Latin America and the Caribbean, the Municipal Development Program in Eastern and Southern Africa and the Urban Agriculture National Research, Development and Extension Network in the Philippines. This type of networking brings together researchers, city officials and decision-makers and CSOs. Globally, Urban Harvest is a member of the Steering Committee of the Support Group on Urban Agriculture and Forestry (SGUA), a global coalition of donor and development organizations established in 1996. Under the coordination of the International Development Research Centre, SGUA promotes networking and co-operation in urban agriculture in developing countries, fosters North-South learning and helps link agriculture with other urban development challenges.

Partner Strategic role/complementary advantage Output to which partner contributes

AVRDC Urban horticultural systems, indigenous African vegetables

2

CIAT Agro-enterprise innovation 1, 2 CIP Sweetpotato varieties, seed technology. Farmer field

school skills, GIS and modeling 2, 3, 4

ICRAF Use of tree legumes for fodder, tree nurseries, urban/peri-urban agro-forestry systems

2, 3

ILRI Diagnostic and action livestock research, utilization of manures, modeling

1, 2, 3, 4

IWMI Wastewater use for vegetables 3, 4 IPGRI Conservation, use of traditional leafy vegetables 2 GMP Rural-urban linkages in mountain environments 2, 3, 4 PRGA Gender mainstreaming 2, 3, 4 UPWARD Rural-urban agro-enterprises, livelihoods and

marketing studies 2, 3

University of the Philippines, Los Banos

Horticultural research, urban planning, GIS 2, 4

University of the Philippines, Diliman

GIS, Multi-agent systems (MAS) 4

Marikina City Council, Metro Manila

Land use planning, urban natural resource management

4

Calamba City Council, Philippines

Land use planning, urban natural resource management

4

National Institute of Animal Husbandry, Hanoi, Vietnam

Pig nutrition 2, 3


Partner Strategic role/complementary advantage Output to which partner contributes

Hanoi Agricultural University Animal management and health, agricultural economics

2, 3

Kenya Agricultural Research Institute

IPM, policy analysis, technology transfer 2, 3, 4

University of Nariobi Soil studies, health risks 3 Jomo Kenyatta University Waste water studies 3 Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Kenya

Livestock development, water and irrigation

Family Concern (CSO) Market chain analyses, product development 2 Greentowns, Kenys (CSO) Community mobilization, participatory technology

testing, local govt. facilitation 2, 3, 4

Mazengira Institute/NEFSALF (CSO/CO)

Building a model for organization of urban farmers 2

Nakuru City Council, Kenya Urban environmental management, regulatory framework for urban agriculture

4

Makerere University, Uganda Urban planning, public health issues, human nutrition 1, 2, 3, 4 Kampala City Council, Uganda

Land use policies, urban planning, regulatory frameworks, public consultations, convener role

3, 4

Environmental Alert, Uganda (CSO)

Community organizing, advocacy 2, 3, 4

KUFSALCC (CSO) Dialogue platform, facilitation 4 Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industries and Fisheries (MAAIF), Uganda

Agricultural and food policy analysis 4

National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Uganda

Horticultural crops, livestock research 2

Instituto de Investigación Nutricional (IIN), Perú

Child nutrition research 2

Pan-American Health Organization, Center for Sanitation and Environmental Sciences (CEPIS)

Water quality and treatment, solid waste management 3

Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Extensión Agropecuaria (INIEA), Perú

Animal production 2

Promoción de Desarrollo Sostenible (IPES) (CSO)

Municipal policy análisis, urban planning 4

Municipalidad Lurigancho-Chosica, Lima, Peru

Urban management policies, land use planning, convener role

4

Rímac River Water Users’ Association (JUR), Peru

Irrigation water management, farmer representative 3, 4

University of Toronto, Dept. of Public Health

Health risk assessment in urban agriculture 3

Ryerson University, Toronto Food and nutrition security analysis in urban context 2 Wageningen University Urban environmental studies 3 CIRAD Urban Horticulture 2, 3 Universidad Politecnica de Madrid

Territorial planning and policy for urban areas 4


Annex 1. The Urban Harvest research framework

The Urban Harvest research framework draws on earlier insights into sustainable livelihoods and urban eco-system health. In complex city ecosystems, which include informal economies and social networks, poor households depend on multiple income sources and a wide range of non-material assets to ensure their livelihood. Inadequate assets can leave households vulnerable to economic, environmental, health and political stresses and shocks (the vulnerability context). Five types of capital assets are distinguished. Natural capital involves biodiversity and quantity and quality of accessible land and water. “Resource recognition” is important in this context. “Hidden” natural resources can be accessed, such as vacant lots, unused water surfaces and nutrient-rich solid and liquid wastes. Physical capital includes buildings, equipment, seeds. Human capital takes in labor, knowledge and health status. Available income and savings comprise financial capital. Social capital includes the access to networks, groups, trust and support. The deployment of assets in household strategies, the influences and impediments experienced through engagement with the institutional and policy fabric of the city (structures and processes), the outcomes achieved, are part of livelihood processes, which in turn exert positive and/or negative ecosystem feedback on the livelihood assets and on the vulnerability context. Urban Harvest identifies three research themes: Stakeholder and policy analysis and dialogue seeks understanding of the actors, policies and institutions concerned in urban agricultural activities and develops methods for communication and consensus among actors and legitimacy for urban agriculture in policy and regulatory schemes. Livelihoods and markets targets production, processing, marketing and consumption systems along the rural-urban transect and identifies technology interventions to enhance income and food and nutrition security. Urban ecosystem health focuses attention on the feedback mechanisms between people’s actions and population, community and environmental health.


MEDIUM-TERM PLAN PROJECT LOGFRAMES Project 1: Impact Enhancement Project 1 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Output 1 Improved data and methods for research

targeting and resource allocation developed (3 years)

CIP Divisions and Partnership Programs, CGIAR Centers, ARI, Partners and clients in NARS and regional networks

Research is carried out for geographical areas and in ways that are more likely to achieve impacts on the poor

Improved livelihoods for farm households in target regions contributing to prioritized MDGs

Output Targets 2007

World Atlas of potato and sweetpotato updated and posted on line

CGIAR Centers, ARI, NARS researchers, Networks, developmental organizations

Users access and utilize improved commodity information to make decisions about research and development in potatoes and sweetpotato

Informed policy decisions support development of potato and sweetpotato sectors

Role of sweetpotato pig-feed utilization on improving livelihoods of small-scale animal raising households in Vietnam determined (with UPWARD)

CGIAR Centers, ARI, NARS researchers, extension agencies, end-users

Role of late blight-resistant potato in improving livelihoods in Kenya and Uganda determined and recommendations for improving deployment documented

CGIAR Centers, ARI, NARS researchers, extension agencies, networks, end-users

Assessment of cost and sustainability of different approaches to sweetpotato planting material multiplication and dissemination in Uganda and Mozambique

CGIAR Centers, ARI, NARS researchers, extension agencies, networks, end-users

Determination of viability of partial or complete cost recovery as part of multiplication & dissemination systems

Sustainable systems for distributing new varieties of sweetpotato and assuring adequate seed supply for commercially oriented sweetpotato production systems

Contribution of three sweetpotato and potato technologies to improving farmers’ livelihoods in Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda assessed (with PRAPACE)


Output Targets 2008

Global trends in potato and sweetpotato market demand analyzed and documented

Government officials, donors, CGIAR Centers,




Project 1 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Promotion and adoption of social corporate

responsibility in potato market chain in the Andes documented (with Papa Andina)

NARS researchers, extension agencies, private market chain actors, end-users

Output Targets 2009

Global trends in potato and sweetpotato market demand and other factors contributing to achieving MDGs analyzed and documented

Government officials, donors, CGIAR Centers,



Methodology for assessing livelihood impacts in ex-post studies available (with UPWARD and Papa Andina)

CIP Divisions and Partnership Programs, CGIAR Centers, ARI, NARS researchers

Methodologies for comparing cost-effectiveness of scaling-up different models for promoting pro-vitamin A sweetpotato


Documented lessons learned on pros and cons of different approaches

Informed decision making concerning how best to disseminate biofortified crops possessing a visible trait

Strategy for strengthening local systems of conservation through use of sweetpotato genetic resources in the Philippines and Indonesia validated (with UPWARD and CIP GR Division)


Output 2 Value added to CIP commodities through linking farmers with markets and post-harvest innovations (3 – 5 years)

Government officials, development professionals, farmers and other market chain actors and researchers appreciate the value of organized market chains and new market opportunities and make better informed policy and investment decisions

Farm households and other poor market chain actors improve their incomes through access to new market opportunities and better organized market chains

Output Targets 2007

Three training modules for promoting participatory methodologies on market chain intervention developed and delivered (with Papa Andina)

NARI researchers, private sector, NGOs

Comparative analyses of experiences in implementation of participatory methodologies on market chain intervention documented in Andean countries (with Papa Andina)

NARI researchers, private sector, NGOs


Project 1 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Potential for small farmers to access national and

regional markets for fresh and frozen potato chips in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia assessed (with PRAPACE)

NARIs, producers and private sector in Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia and the ASARECA region

Participatory methods to assess knowledge, aptitudes, skills and aspirations and how they frame the adoption of practices (KASAP) tested in the Altiplano

Potential for small farmers in Mozambique to establish a viable market chain to provide consistent supply of orange-fleshed sweetpotato to bakers of “golden-bread” determined

Private sector, extension providers, endusers

Pilot bakeries established Potential links to new market for sweetpotato root production identified

Output Targets 2008

Quality standards for chips developed for PRAPACE countries and disseminated (with PRAPACE)

NARS and private sector in the ASARECA region

Strategy for using market chain interventions to enhance small farmers livelihoods in the Andes validated (with Papa Andina)

NARS researchers, extension agencies, end-users

Output 3 Pro-poor policies and strategies for institutional learning and change identified and documented (3 years)

Policy makers in government, donors, CGIAR Centers and decision makers in NARS

Users designing policy and institutional arrangements to support agricultural research for development that improves the effectiveness of rural development and enhances poverty alleviation

Improved decision making leads to better return to investment of development and research funds by public and private sector in reachingthe poor

Output Targets 2007

Strategies to embed and maintain needs-based training as a system in an organizational context to increase trainee motivation and performance (with Papa Andina)

Output Targets 2008

Strategy for using R&D networks' to improve institutional performance of CIP and partners (with UPWARD, CONDESAN and Papa Andina)

CIP, CGIAR Centers, NARS and other network partners, donors

Strategy for South–south collaboration and knowledge sharing experience across the Andes and with Africa analyzed and documented (Papa Andina)


Project 1 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Output Targets 2009

Methodology for assessing capacity development and institutional strengthening and their contributions to pro-poor research and development available (with UPWARD)

CGIAR Centers, ARI, NARS researchers, extension agencies

Strategies for increasing diet diversification among poor rural households in Uganda and Mozambique analyzed and documented

Extension providers, Health & nutrition programs, CGIAR Centers, NARS

Best strategies identified and tested

Ability to effectively improve diet of rural poor

Strategy for formulating evidence-based technology innovation policy to achieve pro-poor impacts in potato growing areas of the Andes (With Papa Andina)

Strategies to increase trainee motivation and performance in an organizational context analyzed and documented (with Papa Andina)

Policy recommendations to enhance welfare of farmers and reduce bio0diversity loss in the context of the new agricultural economy in Bolivia and Ecuador (with FAO, American University and Papa Andina)


Project 2: Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization Project 2 Outputs Intended User Outcome Impact Output 1 Wild and cultivated genetic resources of

potato, sweetpotato and other root and tuber species and associated information collected, securely conserved through integrated ex situ, in situ and on-farm approaches and disseminated to users worldwide (2007-09)

Center projects’, NARS’ and ARIs researchers and farmers’ organizations

NARS, ARIs and genebank researchers use information and knowledge for improving root and tuber crop conservation; farmers adopt healthy seed for increasing yield / stability of local cultivars

Conservation methods and information promote the sustainable use of biodiversity and improve farmers livelihoods through securing food availability

Output Targets 2007

Ten wild potato species populations collected in Central Peru

Center Projects 2 and 3, NARS, ARIs researchers

Four hundred wild potato, 500 cultivated potato and 100 cultivated sweetpotato accessions from CIP genebank regenerated (Collaboration: GPG-phase 2 / SGRP)

Center Project 2 researchers

Fifty accessions of the potato core collection cryopreserved and 30 in total sweetpotato, oca and ulluco accessions cryotested (Collaboration: Univ. of Leuven – GPG-Phase 2 / SGRP); and one hundred oca (Oxalis) and ulluco (Ullucus) accessions established under low temperature slow growth storage

Center Project 2, NARS and ARIs researchers

Five hundred potato, 500 sweetpotato and 500 in total oca (Oxalis), ulluco (Ullucus) and mashua (Tropaeolum) accessions stored as DNA samples

Center Projects 2 and 3 and ARIs researchers

One thousand four hundred sweetpotato accessions exchanged with 3,000 cassava accessions to complete the safety duplicates (black box) in CIAT and CIP genebank, respectively (Collaboration: GPG-Phase 2 / SGRP)

Center Project 2 and CIAT researchers


Project 2 Outputs Intended User Outcome Impact Fifty virus-free sweetpotato landraces

from CIP genebank repatriated to Bolivia’s NARS

NARS (PROINPA) researchers

Barcode-based plant health monitoring established for 700 potato and sweetpotato accessions (GPG-Phase 2 / SGRP)

Project 2 and 3 researchers

Morphological and molecular diversity and plant health of 400 native potato cvs. from the Potato Park assessed and documented

NARS (Andes NGO), Potato Park Communities, Center Projects 2 and 3

Virus free stocks of 300 potato, 200 sweetpotato, 50 other roots and tubers and 200 sweetpotato bacteria-free accessions produced (Collaboration: GPG-Phase 2/SGRP)

Center Projects 2 and 3, Farmer communities

Output Targets 2008

Ten wild potato species populations collected in Southern Peru and through collaboration with national initiatives collect 10 wild and cultivated maca (Lepidium) and 20 in total yacon (Smallanthus), mashua (Tropaeolum) species in Peru

Center Project 2 and 3, NARS’ and ARIs researchers

Fifty sweetpotato landrace materials collected in Northern Peru for sources of virus resistance

Center Projects 2 and 3, NARS and ARIs researchers

Duplicate set of 100 sweetpotato landraces from the Philippines transferred to CIP genebank for back up storage (Collaboration: UPWARD)

NARS (Philippines), Center Projects 2 and 3 researchers

One hundred fifty potato landraces from Altiplano communities characterized and maintained on-farm (Altagro Project)

Altiplano farmer communities, NARS (INIEA)

One hundred potato and 50 sweetpotato accessions cryopreserved in CIP genebank (Collaboration: GPG-Phase 2 / SGRP); and one hundred oca (Oxalis), ulluco (Ullucus) and mashua

Center Project 2 and NARS researchers


Project 2 Outputs Intended User Outcome Impact (Tropaeolum) accessions established under low temperature slow growth storage

Three hundred wild potato and 500 sweetpotato accessions from CIP genebank regenerated (Collaboration: GPG-Phase 2 / SGRP)


Virus free stocks of 300 potato, 200 sweetpotato and 50 other roots and tubers produced (Collaboration: GPG-Phase 2/SGRP)

Center Projects 2, 3 and NARS researchers

Virus free stocks distributed worldwide, including repatriation for restoration of farmer crops in Peru’s Altiplano, Potato Park and East and SE Asia countries

Center Projects 2, 3 and 4; NARS researchers Seed producers and farmers

Output Targets 2009

Ten wild potato species populations collected in Southern Peru and Bolivia; and through collaboration with national initiatives 20 in total maca (Lepidium), achira (Canna) and mashua (Tropaeolum) species collected in Peru


Duplicate set of 100 sweetpotato landraces from Africa (Uganda, Tanzania) transferred to CIP genebank for back up storage

NARS (Uganda, Tanzania), Center Projects 2 and 3 researchers

Two hundred specimens of inter-and intra-specific wild potato hybrids and 300 additional specimens generated through research, documented in the genebank herbarium collection

Center Project 2, NARS and ARIs (Univ. of Wisconsin) researchers

Five hundred wild potato, 500 cultivated potato and 100 sweetpotato accessions from CIP genebank regenerated (Collaboration: GPG-Phase 2 / SGRP)


One hundred potato and 50 sweetpotato accessions cryopreserved in CIP genebank (Collaboration: GPG-Phase 2 / SGRP); and one hundred oca (Oxalis)

Center Projects 2 and 3, ARIs researchers


Project 2 Outputs Intended User Outcome Impact and mashua (Tropaeolum) accessions established at low temperature slow growth storage

Two hundred wild potato and 300 sweetpotato accessions from CIP genebank stored on DNA samples


Virus free stocks as of 300 potato, 200 sweetpotato and 50 other roots and tubers produced (GPG-Phase 2/SGRP)


Output 2 The diversity of wild and cultivated genetic resources of potato, sweetpotato and other root and tuber species is assessed and useful biotic and abiotic characters and nutritional and health-promoting attributes are characterized, documented and made available to users worldwide (2007-09)

Center Projects’, NARS’ and ARIs researchers

CIP, NARS and ARIs researchers use information and selected germplasm for genetic enhancement and improvement of root and tuber crops

Genetic resources knowledge and material indirectly contribute to alleviate poverty, reduce temporal and chronic hunger and improve access to nutritious food by supporting CIP’s and CIP partners’ research on root and tuber crop improvement

Output Targets 2007

Six wild potato species, 200 sweetpotato accessions and 600 oca (Oxalis) and mashua (Tropaeolum) accessions from CIP genebank characterized using morphological and molecular markers

Center Projects 2 and 3 researchers, NARS researchers

The identity of 1,000 cultivated potato accessions verified using morphological descriptors; and one set of 50 accessions analyzed using molecular markers

Center Projects 2 and 3 researchers

Comparative assessment of 100 farmer-managed sweetpotato landraces from Indonesia and the collection held in CIP genebank carried out using morphological and molecular markers

NARS (Indonesia) and Center Projects 2 and 3 researchers

Molecular fingerprints with microsatellite markers of 500 potato landraces from CIP genebank and DNA ladder and Users Manual for a 24 microsatellite (SSR) genetic identification kit available

Center Projects 2, 3, 4; NARS, ARIs researchers

The genetic diversity of wild potatoes S. irosinum and S. cajamarquense is

Center Projects 2, 3, NARS and ARIs researchers


Project 2 Outputs Intended User Outcome Impact assessed using SSR markers for 25 accessions in total maintained in CIP genebank

Genetic diversity and relatedness of 8 S. bukasovii populations and 18 primitive potato cultivars assessed using SSR markers

Center Projects 2 and 3, NARS (Philippines) researchers

Genetic identity of 30 potato landraces accessions verified using SSR markers of herbarium and in vitro samples


Introgression of S. demissum R genes into 200 potato landraces from CIP genebank and 10 cultivated and 50 wild potato accessions from 3 growing areas in Peru assessed using DNA markers

Center Projects 2 and 3, NARS (Univ. Nac. Agraria and INIEA) and ARIs researchers

The floral biology and diversity of 100 cultivated and wild maca (Lepidium) accessions characterized using morphological and molecular markers

Center Projects, NARS (Univ. Cerro de Pasco, Peru)

Comparative analysis of 300 oca (Oxalis) morphotypes using molecular markers

Center Project 2, NARS (INIEA), ARIs (Chicago, Field Museum) researchers

One set of clones and seed and related information produced on the reaction of 10 wild genotypes and 30 potato landraces to water stress (Collaboration: GCP)


One set of clones and information produced on protein, carbohydrate, fat and glucosynolate content of 25 maca (Lepidium) accessions from farmers fields (Collaboration: ETH)

Center Project 2, ARI (ETH), NARS (Univ. Cerro de Pasco) researchers

Twenty virus-free native potatoes distributed to farmer communities in Bolivia and Ecuador and 20 cvs. to Peru’s Altiplano communities (Altagro Project)

Center Project 2, NARS researchers and farmer organizations


Project 2 Outputs Intended User Outcome Impact Output Targets 2008

Genetic material and information produced on the characterization of 200 potato, 200 sweetpotato and 200 in total yacon, mashua, ahipa and achira accessions using morphological and molecular markers (Collaboration: GPG-Phase 2 / SGRP)


Two sweetpotato collections from the Philippines characterized using morphological and molecular markers (Collaboration: UPWARD)


One set of clones and seed produced of 20 wild potato species evaluated for PVY and PLRV resistance and 200 sweetpotato accessions for root knot nematode and virus complex resistances;


Thirty potato landraces characterized for water stress (Collaboration: GCP)


Molecular fingerprints with microsatellite markers of 500 potato landraces from CIP genebank available

Center Project 2 and 3, NARS, ARIs researchers

The identity of 1000 cultivated potato accessions verified using morphological descriptors; and one set of 50 accessions analyzed using molecular markers


Inheritance of anthocyanine content and antioxidant capacity of purple fleshed sweetpotato accessions determined


Genetic inheritance of mashua (Tropaeolum) glucosynolates determined (Collaboration: UNALM, Peru)

Center Project 2, NARS (UNALM) researchers

Genetic diversity and relatedness of 10 S. bukasovii populations and 30 primitive potato cultivars assessed using SSRs markers



Project 2 Outputs Intended User Outcome Impact Output Target 2009

Genetic material and information produced on the characterization of 200 potato, 200 sweetpotato and 200 in total yacon (Smallanthus), mashua (Tropaeolum), ahipa (Pachyrhizus) and achira (Canna) accessions using morphological and molecular markers (Collaboration: GPG-Phase 2 / SGRP)


The identity of 1000 cultivated potato accessions verified using morphological descriptors; and one set of 50 accessions analyzed using molecular markers


Genetic identity of 50 potato landraces verified using SSR markers of herbarium and in vitro cultured samples


One set of clones of seed and related information produced on the reaction of 10 wild and 10 cultivated potato genotypes to water stress (Collaboration: GCP)


One set of clones and seed and related information produced on the glycoalkaloid content of 200 wild potato accessions and the antioxidant compounds and capacity of 100 sweetpotato, 100 potato, 20 mashua (Tropaeolum), 20 maca (Lepidium) and 20 yacon (Smallanthus) accessions

Center Projects 2 and 3, Partnership Program Papa Andina, NARS and ARIs researchers

Crossability of analysis of 200 wild potato accessions conducted and documented


One set of clones and seed produced of 20 wild potato species evaluated for PVY and PLRV resistance and 200 sweetpotato accessions for root knot nematode and virus complex resistances; 10 potato species and progenies screened for water stress



Project 2 Outputs Intended User Outcome Impact A database on sweetpotato molecular

characterization integrated with morphological and trait evaluation and passport / georeferenced data posted in intranet


Genotype x environment interaction determined on a total of 8 maca (Lepidium), 10 sweetpotato and 8 potato accessions for nutritional and health-related content

Center Projects 2, 3 and NARS and ARIs researchers


Project 3: Genetic Enhancement and Crop Improvement Project 3 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Output 1

Effective strategies for the identification and dissemination of high-yielding, resistant and nutritious potato and sweetpotato varieties available for each CIP region (3-5 years)

NARS and Center researchers, extension and development agents, Private sector, Seed producers

Researchers, extension agents, seed growers and the private sector use new schemes and strategies to evaluate elite clones with variety potential

Farmers access and adopt diverse new varieties in shorter timeframes; Livelihoods of poor potato farmers, seed growers and rural and urban consumers are enhanced due to increased potato productivity and market value with less use of external inputs

Output Targets 2007

Innovative participatory variety evaluation schemes established in 2 LAC and SSA countries

NARS researchers; farmers; seed growers; industrial processors; consumers

Multiple stakeholders use efficient methods to test and promote new varieties

Farmers and consumers access and adopt diverse resistant and nutritious varieties in shorter timeframes

Participatory promotion strategies involving 10 clones with local acceptance conducted in target countries of ESEAP designed

NARS researchers, farmers, consumers and policy makers

Farmers/seed growers and policy-makers are more aware of the advantages of new varieties and how to obtain them

More farmers plant improved varieties and market demand increases

End-user acceptability criteria for potato varieties in 2 countries in LAC documented

CIP and NARS scientists Breeders incorporate locally-important criteria into selection programs

Breeders update selection criteria to accommodate end-user needs

Farmer and consumer appreciation of new resistant sweetpotato varieties and acceptance criteria documented in 5 SSA and 2 ESEAP countries (PRAPACE, VITAA, UPWARD

CIP and NARS researchers Researchers incorporate local selection criteria into breeding and evaluation schemes

Future varieties meet local adaptation and acceptance criteria

Strategy for the promotion and diffusion of new resistant potato varieties available in 3 countries in SSA and ESEAP

CIP and NARS researchers and policy makers

Researchers & policy makers use efficient methods to test and promote new varieties

Farmers adopt new varieties and enjoy increased productivity with reduced inputs

Variety development models and uptake pathways documented in 3 SSA countries

CIP and NARS researchers and policy makers

Researchers & policy makers innovate to improve variety development procedures

20% more farmers adopt varieties with CIP parentage by 2010

New late blight resistant varieties released in 2 countries in SSA

NARS researchers; farmers; seed growers; industrial processors; consumers

Farmers grow better high yielding varieties with resistance to late blight and good cooking and processing qualities

Farmers increase their productivity, production and revenue

Promising CIP advanced clones late blight and virus resistant evaluated and identified in SWCA

CIP and NARS researchers CIP advanced clones multiplied and tested at one location with potential released varieties

Research selected best clones for multilocation testing to release as potential variety/varieties


Project 3 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Communication campaigns are

designed and evaluated for ability to enhance awareness of the benefits of OFSP

CIP, NARS researchers and NGOs

Researchers identify effective mechanisms to communicate advantages of new OFSP varieties

Farmers and consumers adopt new OFSP varieties and nutritional benefits are realized

Participatory trials for sweetpotato variety release designed and implemented in SSA

NARS and variety release agents

NARS consider participatory and multi-stakeholder evaluations in variety release schemes

Timeframes for variety release are reduced; adoption rates of released varieties enhanced

Participatory multi-location trials established to test CIP-derived potato clones designed and implemented in two CAC countries

NARS researchers, farmers, seed growers, industrial processors, consumers

National potato breeding and testing programs developed in connection with multi-stakeholder participation


A strategy for sharing promising clones among CAC countries designed

NARS researchers, farmers, seed growers, Phytosanitary Inspection Services

Researchers incorporate local selection criteria into breeding and evaluation schemes

Countries have access to adapted potato varieties thus reducing dependence on foreign and less stress-tolerant varieties

Better tools for targeting varieties based on statistical, GIS and modeling techniques are tested with breeders

CIP and NARS researchers Breeders use new tools to better direct breeding goals

Research leads to improved varieties that reduce risk and improve sustainable production by farmers

Database of DNA fingerprints of elite clones institutionalized and available to collaborators

CIP then NARS researchers Researchers use fingerprint data to identify and track elite potato germplasm

Information on identity of germplasm improves communication among evaluators

Database of standard evaluation trials institutionalized and available to collaborators

CIP then NARS researchers Researchers use standard trial data to select potato germplasm for local evaluation

Information on characteristics of germplasm improves communication among evaluators

Output Targets 2008

New clonal testing and variety development schemes designed in SWCA

CIP and NARS researchers Researchers implement systematic, evaluation

Researchers identified potential clones for on-farm multilocation testing

5-10 elite late blight resistant clones are established in validation trials for variety release in ESEAP and more countries of SSA

NARS researchers and NGO, CBO

Researchers and farmers identify and validate high yielding, well adapted resistant varieties with improved qualities for table and industry

Farmers reduce risk of losses to LB, improve productivity and have better market options

Models for potato variety development integrating international, national, farmer and commercial interests documented in all CIP regions (UPWARD, PRAPACE, GMP and PAPA ANDINA)

NARS scientists, NGO, private sector

Researchers compile profiles of variety needs and local capacities and public and private sector partners pursue efficient regionalized variety development programs

Farmers’ access to improved productive, resistant varieties is enhanced

Network of potato breeders in LAC strengthened for exchange, selection & promotion of new potato varieties with market and sustainability traits

CIP and NARS researchers Researchers exchange and evaluate diverse productive potato germplasm and varieties in LAC and dispatch material to CAC and ESEAP

Farmers adopt productive varieties with improved adaptation, resistance and nutritional traits


Project 3 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Participatory trials for sweetpotato

variety release designed in SWCA NARS and variety release agents

NARS consider participatory and multi-stakeholder evaluations in variety release schemes


Farmer-participatory evaluation trials proposed for recognition by variety release agencies in Peru

NARS and variety release agents

NARS consider participatory/ multi-stakeholder evaluations in variety release schemes

Timeframes for variety release are reduced; Adoption rates of released varieties enhanced

A strategy for promotion and diffusion of varieties designed in two additional countries in SSA

NARS, NGO, extension services, potato growers and consumers

Demand for seed and table potatoes by farmers and consumers is increased; NGOs implement strategies

Adoption, marketing and utilization of new resistant and productive potato varieties are increased

Promising elite potato clones identified in CAC region

NARS; State Committees for Variety Testing; National seed production agencies; Seed Growers’ Associations or Cooperatives; farmers

NARS researchers in CAC exchange germplasm materials of most promising clones; State committees submit varieties for release

Farmers adopt improved varieties, adapted to local conditions with better nutritional traits

DNA fingerprint datasets available with elite clones distributed from CIP

CIP then NARS researchers Researchers use DNA information to track and monitor germplasm exchange and conservation processes


Standard evaluation trial data available with elite clones distributed from CIP

CIP then NARS researchers Researchers use standard trail data to select and evaluate potato germplasm

Information on past performance and characteristics of germplasm improves communication among evaluators

Output Targets 2009

Successful and replicable potato variety promotion schemes, links with informal seed systems and private sector in LAC systematized and key lessons made available

CIP, NARS, NGO’s, potato growers

Key actors from the supply chain with updated innovative knowledge about promotion strategies, links with seed informal systems and private sector

Increased adoption of new diverse potato varieties by end users

A strategy for promotion and diffusion of varieties implemented in two additional countries in SSA

NARS, NGO, extension services, potato growers and consumers

Demand for seed and table potatoes by farmers and consumers is increased

Adoption, marketing and utilization of new resistant and productive potato varieties are increased

Potential new potato varieties are identified from introduced Late Blight resistant clones to Papua New Guinea

NARI State farms involved in rapid multiplication of elite clones

Increase food security of highland population and rehabilitate cash crop

New early potato varieties identified in China introduced and tested for release DPRK

NARS researchers Centrally planned distribution of seed to farm communities

Improve food security

Elite sweetpotato clones with high yields, improved nutritional quality and high dry matter are identified in Timor Leste, Solomon Islands, PNG and

NARS and NGO NGO and government ready to disseminate promising material to local networks

Increase food security of very vulnerable food supply systems


Project 3 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Papua-Indonesia

Results from participatory trials, potato networks integrated with environmental data (via GIS databases and methods) for routine analysis of trends and recommendations for variety deployment

CIP and NARS researchers NARS researchers and NGO use more efficiently available germplasm

Farmers adopt varieties with optimal site-performance

DNA fingerprints of elite potato clones dispatched by CIP validated by one receiving institution in SSA

CIP then NARS researchers Researchers use DNA information to track and monitor germplasm exchange and conservation processes


Minimum set of trial data contributed by one collaborating institution in ESEAP and one of CAC

CIP then NARS researchers Researchers use standard trail data to select and evaluate potato germplasm

Information on past performance and characteristics of germplasm improves communication among evaluators

Output 2

Potato populations, clones and true seed varieties with resistance, nutritional and market traits are developed for SSA, LAC, ESEAP and SWCA and breeding methods are enhanced via new tools, information and capacities (3 – 5 years)

Resource poor farmers NARS, ARI and CIP Researchers

CIP, ARI and NARS researchers use superior sources of resistance and nutrition traits and supporting information/ tools in classical and new strategies to develop improved varieties

Farmers harvest reliable yields with their own or purchased seed and reduced pesticide use; potato varieties increased market value; Rural and urban families consume more nutritious potatoes Researchers use more efficient methods for the enhancement of potato diversity

Output Targets 2007

20 promising clones with combined resistance to LB and viruses identified and documented in Peru

CIP and NARS breeders Researchers access new resistant germplasm for testing and use in IPM schemes

Farmers adopt resistant potato varieties and increase productivity, income, reduce pesticide use and associated health risks

20 superior progenitors of resistance traits and high tuber yields are documented and made available for distribution

NARS breeders NARS breeders introduce advanced sources of LB and virus resistance into stocks for variety development

Susceptible varieties are replaced with resistant ones, losses due to LB and viruses are reduced, productivity is increased with lower inputs and market options are improved

Stability of resistance and yield of 30 advanced LB resistant clones across contrasting environments in Peru is documented

CIP researchers Researchers identify use information on stability to target elite clones to a variety of environments

Clones with stable resistance to LB and yielding capacity ensure variety selection for sustainable production, in targeted environments and agro ecologies


Project 3 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact New high yielding LB resistant varieties

with good cooking and processing qualities are identified and selected in SSA

NARS researchers, NGO and CBOs

Evaluators identify and recommend locally adapted varieties that meet requirements to variety release agencies

Resistant varieties are released and adopted by farmers; productivity and incomes are enhanced

Heritability of Fn and Zn content in potato is determined and superior progenitors of Fe content are identified (HP)

CIP and NARS researchers Best parents are used in breeding programs

Farmers adopt resistant varieties with improved micronutrient content

Database of micronutrient content in potato germplasm is available with documented protocols (HP)

CIP and ARI researchers Diverse sources of high mineral content are identified and variability is described

Genetic base of breeding populations is broadened and new quality and nutrition factors are incorporated and available to farmers in new varieties

Genetic correlations among resistance and nutritional traits are described for selected potato populations (HP)

CIP and ARI researchers Breeders adjust expectations for progress in improving multiple traits

Varieties with increased nutritional value and resistant to diseases/pests are made available for farmers

Heterosis for inter-population combinations of advanced potato germplasm estimated

CIP researchers Breeders use information to adjust breeding strategies in population improvement and variety development programs

Hybrids with superior agronomic traits are identified and available for variety testing

New, early generation selection method for adaptation to long day and warm temperature conditions is validated under field conditions

CIP and NARS breeders Breeders use new methods improve selection efficiencies and effectiveness of improvement programs

Adaptive range of resistant varieties is enlarged to help improve sustainable production by farmers

Quantitative resistance to LB in advanced tetraploid breeding material is assessed and described by association with mapped molecular markers

CIP and NARS breeders Breeders use new tools to track resistance sources in breeding programs

New knowledge of genetic basis of resistance improves breeding and deployment strategies

DNA sequences and markers are assembled for characterization and improvement of nutritional traits in potato germplasm (HP)

CIP researchers Breeders use new tools to understand and describe trait variability in germplasm

Nutrition is enhanced

Mutant genetic stocks of potato are available and characterized morphologically (GCP)

CIP and ARI researchers Researchers identify novel genetic variation in potato

New diversity and information fosters unprecedented gains in breeding programs

Water stress responses of potato clones differing in drought tolerance are described

Researchers in NARS and CIP

Researchers use information to screen germplasm and develop management practices

Research leads to improved varieties with drought tolerance that reduce risk and improve sustainable production by farmers


Project 3 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Hybrid genetic stocks carrying drought

tolerance traits are available (GCP) CIP researchers Researchers use new stocks in

genetic studies Better parental material available for drought-prone regions

DNA sequences and markers are assembled for selected drought tolerance genes in potato (GCP)


Research leads to improved varieties with drought tolerance that reduce risk and improve sustainable production by farmers

Invasiveness and histology of Ralstonia solanacearum in bacterial wilt-resistant wild genotypes is characterized using microbiological, serological and reporter gene technologies

CIP and NARS or ARI researchers

Researchers microbiological, used serological and reporter gene technologies for genetic studies in hybrid genetic stocks

Wild species hybrids with new sources of resistance to bacterial wilt available

CIP and NARS or ARI researchers

Researchers characterize genetic resistance to bacterial wilt

A gene expression database is established for characterization and improvement of priority traits in potato germplasm



A new corporate database (CIPPEX) linking breeding data with routine analysis CIPSTAT is tested

CIP researchers Breeders use database for more efficient data management and analysis

Breeding strategies are enhanced by the incorporation of new knowledge and tools;

New TPS families with potential for variety releases identified in SWCA

CIP, NARS researchers High marketable yielding, late blight resistant and early to medium bulking TPS families identified

The seeds of selected potential families produced and supplied to farmers for on-farm testing

Seedling tubers from TPS families tested in the highlands of two CAC countries

NARS researchers; National seed production agencies; Seed Growers’ Associations or Cooperatives; farmers; Certification Agencies

NARS and farmers are more aware of TPS potential in marginal areas of CAC region

Livelihood of poor-resource farmers in the highlands of CAC region enhanced due to improved availability of seed tubers at affordable price

Output Targets 2008

New modeling tools for breeding based on integrating metabolic pathways, expression data, genetic and environmental information are available

CIP and NARS researchers Researchers use new tools in breeding and genetic studies

Efficient analytical procedures are devised to guide the use of germplasm diversity

LB resistant clones with high yield stability are documented and available

NARS researchers Predictability of varietal performance across diverse environments and agro ecologies is enhanced

Clones with stable resistance to LB and yielding capacity ensure variety selection for sustainable production

Genetic loci and alleles conferring LB resistance are identified and molecular markers are available to monitor them in

CIP and NARS breeders Breeders use new tools to track resistance sources in breeding programs

Improved precision of resistance breeding leads to varieties with durable resistance


Project 3 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact breeding

20 promising clones combining resistance and high micronutrient content are identified, one in the CAC region

NARS researchers (breeders and nutritionists)

Researchers evaluate and select resistant varieties for agro ecologies where important micronutrient deficiencies are present

New varieties are adopted by growers and consumers

Early generation screening method is available for identifying families and clones that tuberize well under warmer conditions

CIP and NARS researchers Researchers use new methods in breeding and genetic studies

Potoat production seasons and environments are explanded to meet market opportunities and climate change

20 promising clones combining disease resistance and heat tolerance are made available to SSA, SWCA and ESEAP countries

NARS researchers Researchers evaluate and select resistant varieties for agro ecologies where stressful temperatures occur during production

Growers’ dependence on imported seed is reduced and new varieties meet increasing demand for market potatoes

60 elite clones combining resistance to LB and viruses are identified and available for distribution

CIP, NARS researchers an partners

NARS researchers evaluate select varieties and breeders incorporate multiple resistances into breeding stocks

Farmers produce and exchange or sell seed of new varieties, losses to disease are reduced and incomes are increased; breeders’ gene pools are enhanced with resistance sources

12 new hybrid progenies with LB resistance, earliness and wide adaptation identified for production from TPS

NARS breeders NARS researchers use improved hybrids from CIP to improve genetic gains in breeding programs

Farmers increase use of healthy seed and increases productivity and income

10 TPS families with high dry matter for the subtropical highlands are identified

NARS breeders NARS researchers and NGO use improved hybrids from CIP to improve genetic gains in breeding programs

Farmers increase use of healthy seed and increase productivity and income

3 elite potato selections are identified for release in partnership with NARS and networks in 3 locations in SSA and ESEAP regions

NARS, NGO Researchers recommend one disease resistant potato clone for variety development and release

Farmers adopt improved potato varieties and increase productivity and income

Performance and acceptance of 20 promising disease resistant potato clones in 4 Asian countries is documented

NARS, NGO Researchers recommend one disease resistant potato clone for variety development and release

Farmers adopt resistant varieties and increase productivity and income

Resistant clones are selected for local adaptation and market potential in one SWCA country

NARS breeders Researchers recommend one disease resistant potato clone for variety development and release

Resistant clones incorporated in local testing programs for variety release


Project 3 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Potato populations segregating for

nutritive quality and drought response available

CIP researchers Researchers use segregating populations to investigate interactions between nutritive quality and drought response

Progenitors of new sources disease resistance are available for broadening the genetic base of resistance in breeding programs

CIP researchers Scientists use new progenitors to introduce genes and traits into improved populations

Efficiency of breeding programs will increase and losses due to disease are reduced

Mutant genetic stocks of potato are characterized using molecular methods

CIP and ARI researchers Researchers develop new strategies for understanding gene networks and isolation of genes of interest

A potato mutant genetic stock is available to the entire potato genetic community

CIPPEX extended to include publishing pipeline for online catalogs of clones and varieties

CIP researchers Breeders use database for more efficient presentation of bred clones and varieties

Earlier adoption of CIP materials Improved corporate image

New tools for targeting varieties based on statistical, GIS and modeling techniques are tested with breeders

CIP and NARS researchers Breeders use new tools to better direct breeding goals


Output Targets 2009

10-20 elite clones with combined resistance to LB and heat tolerance are identified at CIP headquarters for clean up and distribution to NARS

CIP researchers Progenies from LB breeding populations are screened for heat tolerance and LB resistance to select clones with combined traits

Increasing low land areas for potato production under high temperature profiles with seed coming from cool and wet environments will be benefited

25 new elite clones combining LB and virus resistances are in multilocation trials for variety selection in 3 countries in SSA

CIP and ARI researchers NARS researchers evaluate select varieties and breeders incorporate multiple resistances into breeding stocks

Farmers produce and exchange or sell seed of new varieties, losses to disease are reduced and incomes are increased; breeders’ gene pools are enhanced with resistance sources

Potato mutants with modified morphological traits are identified

Genetic loci and markers associated with high levels of resistance to bacterial wilt are identified in hybrid stocks

CIP researchers and NARS Scientists use these tools to facilitate the introgression of resistance to bacterial wilt into cultivated varieties

An important yield reducing disease will be minimized by the availability of resistant varieties

Genetic loci and alleles conferring drought tolerance are identified

CIP and ARI researchers Breeders use markers to help the selection of drought tolerant materials

Crop improvement will be facilitated by the use of genetic tools

Molecular markers are applied to monitoring CIP’s best advanced sources of LB resistance in breeding programs

CIP and NARS breeders Breeders use linked molecular markers to monitor quantitative resistance to LB from CIP’s advanced sources

Past breeding achievements are sustained and base-broadening breeding is more precise


Project 3 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Adaptability of selected TPS families

evaluated in different environments NARS, NGOs, extension workers and farmers

NARS, CIP and farmers identified improved TPS hybrids

Potato productivity at farm-level enhanced by use of healthy seed

Advanced Late Blight and early maturity potato clones are evaluated in Vietnam, Myanmar and Indonesia

NARS researchers Evaluation conducted with farmers. Seed production by private seed growers

Adoption will increase yields and farmer’s income and reduce pesticide applications

Advanced Virus resistant potato clones are evaluated for adaptation to low altitude hillsides in Indonesia

NARS researchers Evaluation conducted with farmers. Seed production by private seed growers

Contribute to conservation of hillsides

Late Blight resistant clones are evaluated in the south west and north east of China

NARS researchers Government and private enterprise involved in seed dissemination

Reduce poverty in poverty stricken farming sector

10 TPS families with adaptation to long days are identified

NARS researchers NARS researchers and NGO use improved hybrids from CIP to improve genetic gains in breeding programs

Farmers increase use of healthy seed and increase productivity and income

Output 3 Sweetpotato populations and clones with superior agronomic, nutritional and end-use quality characteristics are developed for SSA, LAC, ESEAP and SWCA and breeding methods tools, information and capacities are enhanced (3 – 5 years)

Resource poor farmers NARS, ARI and CIP Researchers

NARS and farmers use selected sweetpotato clones to release varieties; Researchers use more efficient methods for enhancement of sweetpotato diversity; National programs enjoy reduced costs and / or increased capacity in sweetpotato breeding

Farmers adopt varieties with agronomic and clearly improved nutritional value Increased rates of breeding progress for sweetpotato yield & stability and new tools for development of varieties with improved nutritional value

Output Targets 2007

Elite demonstration & GxE trials established to compare new high dry matter, high beta-carotene and medium iron & zinc elite “VA-0” clones with elite clones from different countries in all CIP target regions (HP, VITAA)

Farmers, NARS & CIP NARS and CIP researchers use elite demonstration and GxE trials to compare and recommend new clones in target regions

Significant reduction of vitamin A deficiency where orange flesh sweetpotatoes are planted

25 –35 elite demonstration clones including new OFSP elite “VA-0” and pathogen free S1 and S2 clones established and under multiplication in 16 countries (HP, VITAA)

Farmers, NARS and CIP NARS release variety with improved quality

Significant reduction of vitamin A deficiency in selected areas where “quality” sweetpotato is planted

60 advanced clones with improved beta-carotene and high dry matter available & tested in SSA, LAC, ESEAP and SWCA (HP, CIDA)

Farmers, NARS and CIP NARS release variety with improved quality

Variety release with improved quality and increase of OFSP cultivation area in target regions


Project 3 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact “VA-1x” generation comprising 300 seed

families with high beta-carotene, medium iron, medium zinc and high dry matter is available for SSA and LAC (HP, CIDA)

CIP and selected NARS CIP and NARS researchers identify best populations for variety development and best parents for further seed family development

Selections fulfil prerequisites for development of the next generation of advanced breeding clones combining high beta and dry matter

200 promising drought tolerant clones with medium to high dry matter, beta carotene, Fe and Zn content identified in VA-1 breeding population & genebank germplasm by for LAC & SSA

CIP breeders Breeders use selections as base material for drought tolerant breeding

Selections meet requisites to increase drought tolerance in breeding populations

“VA-E1” generation comprising 8 x 1000 elite seed crossings with high dry, high beta-carotene, medium iron & zinc populations - established by controlled insect pollination and available for all CIP target regions (HP, CIDA)

CIP and NARS CIP & NARS researchers use Elite seed for selection in regional breeding programs

Alliance established to fulfil prerequisites to increase output and impact by wide & locally adapted high dry, high beta-carotene, medium iron and zinc varieties

OFSP varieties tested in pig and small animal feed systems in ESEAP

NARS Researches use results in recommendations to farmers

Increased information about the possibility to use and acceptance of OFSP in pig and small animal production

Rapid NIRS screening methods tested for beta-carotene , Fe & Zn in HP and CIDA high priority crops – sweetpotato, potato, maize, beans, cassava and rice (HP, CIDA)

CIP, CIAT, CIMMYT & NARS in target regions

Breeders and Agronomists have reduced screening costs in agricultural commodities and increasing test capacity

Large-scale NIRS screening for biofortification programs established

Rapid NIRS screening methods for protein, Fe & Zn in freeze dried sweetpotato leaf samples established (HP, CIDA)

CIP & NARS in target regions

Breeders reduce screening costs in stems and leaves increasing test capacity

Large-scale early stage screening for upper biomass quality established

Rapid NIRS screening methods for starch, sugars, dietary fiber, in freeze dried sweetpotato storage root samples established (HP,CIDA)


More NARS researcher have access and use NIRS screening to determine storage root quality

Increase test capacity for quality of storage roots in more countries

Output Targets 2008

4-6 new higher beta-carotene, high dry matter, medium iron & zinc elite “VA-1” clones available and disseminated by inter-regional elite demonstration & GxE trials in all CIP regions (HP, VITAA)

Farmers, NARS and CIP NARS and CIP researchers disseminate new clones via inter-regional elite demonstration & GxE trials in target regions

Vitamin A deficiency reduced in regions / provinces and significant reduction of iron deficiency where orange flesh sweetpotato is planted


Project 3 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact 25 –35 elite demonstration clones

including new OFSP elite “VA-1” clones and pathogen free S1 and S2 clone established and under multiplication in 20 countries (HP, VITAA)

NARS NARS release variety with improved quality


“VA-2” generation comprising 300 seed families with improved high beta-carotene, medium iron & zinc and high dry matter available and tested for SSA and LAC (HP)

CIP and selected NARS breeders

NARS release variety with improved quality

Improvement of nutritional deficiencies in selected areas

200 promising drought tolerant clones with medium to high dry matter, beta carotene, Fe and Zn content identified in VA-1x breeding population by CIP-HQ for LAC & SSA



“VA-E1x” generation comprising 8 x 1000 elite seed crossings with high dry, high beta-carotene, medium iron & zinc populations available for all CIP regions (HP)

NARS and CIP breeders CIP and NARS breeders in target regions use elite seed to select for locally advanced clones to be tested and disseminated via elite-demonstration & GxE trials


Number of OFSP adaptable to agro-ecological conditions increased and disseminated to major producing zones in the collaborating countries

Farmers Farmers have access to a wide diversity of OFSP clones for different end-uses

Farm-level yields increase with the production of adaptable and acceptable varieties

OFSP varieties identified for pig and small animal feed systems in ESEAP

NARS in ESEAP regions Researches use trial results in recommendations to farmers

Increased use of OFSP in pig and small animal production by farmers in rural and peri-urban areas

60 advanced drought tolerant clones available with medium to high dry matter, beta carotene, Fe and Zn content in LAC

CIP and selected NARS breeder

Introgression of drought tolerance into advanced breeding populations by geneticists and breeders

Increase of drought tolerance in CIP and NARS breeding populations

Rapid NIRS screening network for sweetpotato quality (storage roots & tops) – protein, starch, sugars, dietary fibre, beta-carotene, Fe & Zn established in East Africa, Southern Africa, India & Indonesia established (HP)


More NARS researcher have access and use NIRS screening to determine sweetpotato quality

Increase test capacity for sweetpotato protein, starch, sugars, dietary fibre, beta-carotene, Fe & Zn in more countries


Project 3 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Rapid NIRS screening methods for

water use efficiency (WUE) in sweetpotato tested and established (HP, CIDA)

CIP & selected NARS in target regions

More NARS researcher have access and use NIRS screening to determine WUE

Increase test capacity for WUE in sweetpotato in more countries

Output Targets 2009

4-6 new drought tolerant higher beta-carotene, high dry matter, medium iron & zinc CIP-HQ elite “VA-1x” clones available and disseminated by inter-regional elite demonstration & GxE trials in all CIP regions (HP, VITAA)

Farmers, NARS and CIP NARS and CIP researchers disseminate new clones via inter-regional elite demonstration & GxE trials in target regions

Vitamin A deficiency reduced in regions / provinces and significant reduction of iron deficiency where orange flesh sweetpotato is planted

25 –35 elite demonstration clones including new OFSP elite “VA-1x” clones and pathogen free S1 and S2 clone established and under multiplication in 20 countries (HP, VITAA)

NARS NARS release variety with improved quality


(“VA-2x” x “VA-2”) hybrid generation comprising 300 seed families with improved high beta-carotene, medium iron & zinc and high dry matter available and tested for SSA and LAC (HP)


NARS release variety with improved quality


200 promising drought tolerant clones with medium to high dry matter, beta carotene, Fe and Zn content identified in VA-2 breeding population by CIP-HQ for LAC & SSA



“VA-E2” generation comprising 8 x 2000 elite seed crossings with drought tolerance and high dry, high beta-carotene, medium iron & zinc populations available for all CIP regions (HP)

NARS and CIP breeders CIP and NARS breeders in target regions use elite seed to select for locally advanced clones to be tested and disseminated via elite-demonstration & GxE trials


“VA-2x” generation comprising 80 seed families segregating for resistance to clorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) with improved high beta-carotene, medium iron & zinc and high dry matter available and tested for SSA and LAC (HP)


NARS release variety with improved quality and resistance to SPCSV

Improvement of yield and nutritional deficiencies in selected areas with high virus pressure


Project 3 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Rapid NIRS screening methods for

protein quality (amino acid composition) in sweetpotato tested and established (HP, CIDA)

CIP & selected NARS in target regions

More NARS researcher have access and use NIRS screening protein quality

Increase test capacity for protein quality in sweetpotato in more countries

Heritability estimates for Iron and Zinc in East African germplasm is determined


Capacity building of NARS collaborators through degree studies

Increased NARS capacities for heritability stu dies

Output 4 Transgenic potatoes and sweetpotatoes for resource-poor producers and consumers are developed and tested using good practices (3-5 years)

Farmers in Africa and Asia; Researchers at CIP and NARS, regulators and decision-makers

Farmers in developing countries use resistant and industrial varieties; Regulatory agencies, policy-makers and researchers use available technologies and more accurate knowledge of environmental impact of transgenic variety deployment

Increased food security and new income generation by reducing production costs and offering new products to the processing industry

Output Targets 2007

A native gene construct to eliminate transgene flow from transgenic crops available for potato and sweetpotato

Researchers at CIP and NARS

This system will be compared to other alternatives

Increased confidence in environmental impacts of transgenic variety

Occurrence of exotic potato genes due to gene flow in the Andean center of origin and diversity is assessed

Researchers at CIP and NARS, regulators

Researchers and regulators will study the impact of gene flow which occurred in the past

The concern on gene flow will concentrate on the transgene fitness not on the event anymore

Regulatory file of Bt potato is compiled in South Africa for commercial release

Regulatory agencies examine files

Transgenic variety with the Rblb gene has durable resistance to LB under heavy infection in biosafety-greenhouse conditions


Researchers will be able to use the resistant gene in other susceptible varieties

Several existing or near release potato varieties will be genetically engineered for durable resistance to LB

Evaluation of the glucosinolate content of transgenic potato events is achieved

Transgenic events with programmed hypersensitive resistance to LB developed

Bt genes coding for toxins active against 2 African sweetpotato weevil species are isolated


The genes can be used to engineer resistance to sweetpotato weevils

Several existing and promising sweetpotato varieties can be engineered for resistance to weevils

Transgenic resistance to SPVD is tested in biosafety greenhouse on transgenic sweetpotato variety with RNA silencing


The SPVD resistance can be used to engineer other susceptible varieties

African researchers will be able to develop SPVD resistant events locally

Transgenic events of one Chinese sweetpotato variety with modified starch are available to Chinese researchers

Researchers at NARS Researchers can test these events for new starch uses

Chinese researchers have access to new technologies


Project 3 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Transformation protocol optimized for

African and Chinese sweetpotato cultivars


Cultivars can be used for genetic engineering

African and Chinese researchers will be able to develop their own transgenic cultivars

Output Targets 2008

Proof-of-concept of gene flow prevention systems obtained for either potato or sweetpotato


Researchers will use the system for potentially problematic transgenes and varieties

Increased confidence in environmental impacts of transgenic variety

Trait fitness of transgenic potato is assessed in the field

Crop management practices for Bt potato are developed in South Africa

Researchers at CIP and NARS, regulators

Researchers will re-think transgenic crop development

The transgenic crop will be more easily accessible to a large array of farmers in developing countries

Impacts of past events of gene flow from exotic varieties in the Andes are documented from screening native varieties and weeds


Researchers will compare transgene and exotic gene flow

The concern on gene flow will concentrate on the transgene fitness not on the event anymore

Bt potato varieties submitted for release for commercial use in South Africa

Farmers, extension services and regulators

Regulators and farmers will develop workable transgenic crop regulatory process

The commercialisation will highlight new challenges for making available this technology to resource-poor farmers in developing countries

Bt potato varieties are entered into biosafety regulatory process in Indonesia

Regulators are familiarized with transgenic potato variety

The regulators will learn from the previous South African experience

Durability of resistance to LB in selected events of transgenic potato with the Rblb gene is tested in biosafety greenhouse in Peru


The engineered potato events will enter into the regulatory pipeline

The field trials will demonstrate utility of engineered resistance in potato

Addition of PLRV resistance is achieved with breeding materials resistant to LB


The engineered potato events will enter into the regulatory pipeline

The field trials will demonstrate the utility of combining endogenous and exogenous (transgenic) resistance

Impact of glucosinolate content of transgenic potato against pests and diseases is assessed

Field resistance of transgenic potato with programmed hypersensitive resistance to LB is assessed in the US


Project 3 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Resistance of one sweetpotato variety

transformed by RNA silencing of SPVD is assessed under field conditions in Peru and is available in SSA for field testing


Researchers and regulators will assess performance and regulatory needs from field trials

Research on transgenic sweetpotato will be facilitated and regulation improved

Role of RNA silencing suppressors of SPCSV in development of synergistic viral diseases of sweetpotato determined

Researchers at CIP Researchers understand the mechanism of synergism

New methods to control SPVD can be devised

Transformed events with Bt genes of 3 sweetpotato varieties of interest to SSA region are available for testing

Researchers at CIP and NARS, farmers, extension services and regulators

Transgenic resistance to weevils will be studied from research to regulation

African interested parties will assess the potential of transgenic crops

Output Targets 2009

Construct combining Bt genes, SPVD resistance, marker gene excision and gene-flow prevention available


Trait fitness of transgenic potato is documented and publicized

First year experience of commercialization of Bt potato in South Africa is documented

Regulatory file of Bt potato is developed in Indonesia

Combination of potato virus and LB resistance is achieved using adapted clones and accepted varieties

Field testing of Bt sweetpotato events are developed in one SSA country


Project 4. Integrated Crop Management Project 4 Outputs Intended user Outcomes Impact Output 1 Strategies for improving formal and

farmer-based seed systems towards enhancing potato and sweetpotato production efficiency and competitiveness validated in LAC, SSA and Asia (5-8 years)

NARS, NGOs, potato and sweetpotato growers, certification agencies, seed growers’ associations and cooperatives

Quality seed available for farmers, contributing to improving productivity and competitiveness, to disseminating new breeding materials, reducing the spread of potato and sweetpotato diseases and reducing seed imports in some countries (i.e. CAC region)

Enhanced livelihoods of poor potato and sweetpotato farmers due to increased potato and sweetpotato productivity

Output target 2007

Role of positive and negative selection to improve farmer-based seed systems evaluated and documented in Uganda, Kenya and Ethiopia

NARS, NGOs, resource-poor farmers in the same countries

Output target 2007

NARS capacity for production of healthy planting materials through TPS and storage of TPS seed tubers enhanced in North East India, Uttaranchal, India and Nepal

NARS, NGOs, Self Help Groups and resource-poor farmers in the same countries

Output target 2007

Sweetpotato seed multiplication strategies, including farmer local practices and feasibility of commercial production, analysed and documented in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda

NARS, NGOs, resource-poor farmers in the same and other SSA countries, which could take advantage of the experience

Output target 2008

Role of positive and negative selection to improve farmer-based seed systems evaluated and documented in Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, DPRK and Georgia

NARS, NGOs, certification agencies, resource-poor farmers in the same countries

Output target 2008

One country-specific network of public and private institutions established and assessed for multiplication and dissemination of good-quality seed for potato and sweetpotato in Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Georgia, Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, DPRK and Uzbekistan (in CAC countries with Collaborative Research Program for Sustainable Agricultural Development)

NARS, NGOs, seed growers’ associations and cooperatives, certification agencies, resource-poor farmers in the same countries

NARS, private sector and farmer organizations work collaboratively to facilitate seed multiplication and distribution


Project 4 Outputs Intended user Outcomes Impact Output target 2008

Feasibility of true potato seed (TPS), as an alternative seed potato production technology, tested and documented in Northeast India, Nepal, Uzbekistan and Georgia


Output target 2008

Strategy for improving farmer-based seed systems for native varieties with market potential documented in Peru

Resource poor farmers, NARS and NGOs

Farmer organizations adopt strategies for improving seed quality of native potatoes with market potential

Output target 2008

Positive and negative selection strategies evaluated in terms of its contribution to enhanced income in Northeast India

NARS, NGOs and resource poor farmers

Output target 2008

Factors influencing degeneration of potato seed in high altitudes determined in Peru

NARS

Output target 2009

Strategy for improving potato seed production validated in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan


Output target 2009

Model for estimating and predicting potato seed degeneration validated in Peru

NARS and CIP researchers NARS and CIP researchers use the model to adjust seed production schemes

Output target 2009

Strategies for improving formal and farmer-based seed systems documented in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia and potential for replication in other SSA countries analysed

NARS and CIP researchers

Output target 2009

Strategies for farmer-based potato seed production developed and tested to conserve in-situ genetic biodiversity and improve productivity in the Peruvian highlands

NARS, NGOs, resource-poor farmers


Project 4 Outputs Intended user Outcomes Impact Output 2 Strategies and methods for technical

integration of soil, seed, disease and insect management components for subsistence and semi-commercial potato and sweetpotato growers developed in key countries in LAC, SSA and Asia (5-8 years)


NARS and other CGIAR scientist adopt strategies for integrative research and contribute to develop suitable integrated crop management strategies for subsistence and semi-commercial potato and sweetpotato farmers

Improve efficiency of research to deliver technologies for enhanced livelihoods of poor farmers due to sustainable potato and sweetpotato production in priority areas of the Andes, SSA and Asia

Output target 2007

Constraints related to ICM in potato-based systems, focusing on input use, understood and documented in Peru

NARS, NGOs

Output target 2007

Principles for evaluating synergistic and antagonistic effects of potato management components developed in Peru, Ecuador and Kenya

NARS, NGOs

Output target 2007

The “Researcher Field School” approach assessed for its contribution to developing potato ICM by NARS in Peru, Ecuador, Uganda and Kenya

NARS, NGOs in Peru, Ecuador, Uganda and Kenya

Output target 2008

Technologies to improve nutrient-use-efficiency of the potato crop developed for Peru and Bolivia


Output target 2008

Constraints related to ICM in potato-based systems, focusing on input use, understood and documented in Kenya and India

NARS, NGOs

Output target 2008

Strategies for conservationist agriculture and soil fertility management as part of potato and sweetpotato ICM developed in Peru, Uganda and India (with CONDESAN in Peru)


Output target 2008

Intercropping strategy for sweetpotato-legumes to maintain soil fertility evaluated in Uganda and Kenya


Output target 2009

Strategy for integrated soil fertility and crop management developed and validated with NARS and NGOs in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador


Output target 2009

Strategies for crop management in potato based cropping systems in climatic risk prone environments developed (in Peru



Project 4 Outputs Intended user Outcomes Impact and Bolivia)

Output target 2009

Strategies to reduce effects of erratic rainfall patterns and drought on sweetpotato evaluated in Uganda and Kenya


Output target 2009

Multiconstraint simulation model for the potato crop developed in Peru

NARS, CIP researchers Researchers use the model for planning research and predicting performance of technologies

Output 3 Components and strategies for the integrated management of key potato and sweetpotato diseases – late blight (LB), bacterial wilt (BW) and viruses – developed, tested and disseminated within ICM strategies in LAC, SSA and Asian priority countries (5-8 years)


Potato and sweetpotato farmers adopt improved disease management components, contribu-ting to reduce crop losses and use of fungicides

Enhanced livelihoods of poor potato and sweetpotato farmers due to increase in potato and sweetpotato productivity and reduced negative impact of fungicides in the environment

Output target 2007

Effect of soil abiotic characteristics and crop rotation on survival of the bacterial wilt pathogen in soil in Peru better determined and documented

IARC and NARS researchers Researchers from IARC and NARS use improved knowledge about pathogen survival in soil to develop integrated control strategies

Output target 2007

BW infection pathways (e.g. of the bacteria from the soil to the plant and within the plant) characterized using serological and gene reporter technologies

IARC and NARS researchers Researchers from IARC and NARS use improved knowledge about plant infection pathways for increasing detection efficiency and to develop control strategies

Output target 2007

BW management strategies to improve self-supply seed production and increase ware potato productivity validated with farmers in Kenya and Uganda (with PRAPACE and ASARECA)

NARS, NGOs, seed producers and farmers in the same countries

Output target 2007

A new LB training module for improved capacity building in participatory methods developed and validated in Ecuador and Peru

Facilitators (i.e. of Farmer field schools) and field workers implementing participatory research and training interventions

Output target 2007

A simulation based method for estimating LB severity using geo-referenced weather data within a GIS Framework available online for world wide application

NARS in SSA, LAC and Asia Researchers can prioritize based on special classification and predict value of LB management interventions

Output target 2007

Pre and post emergence infection processes described for LB and the most

NARS, NGOs, resource-poor farmers in the same


Project 4 Outputs Intended user Outcomes Impact appropriate control tactic identified in Peru and Ecuador

countries

Output target 2007

Variability of major potyviruses in potato (PVY and PVA) characterized and one technique for virus group detection (simultaneous detection) developed

NARS researchers, Seed producers in Peru and CIP regions

Output target 2007

Mechanisms of synergistic interaction among sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and potyviruses to cause Sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) in sweetpotatoes determined in Peru, with global impact

NARS researchers in SSA and ESEAP

Output target 2007

Role of new vectors (Bemisia afer) on sweetpotato viruses (SPCSV and SPLCV) determined in Peru

NARS researchers, seed producers in Peru and SSA region

Output target 2008

The importance and incidence of major viruses affecting potato and sweetpotato determined in Kenya, Uganda, China, Vietnam and Indonesia

NARS, NGOs and seed pro-ducers in the same countries

Output target 2008

The efficacy of biological formulations to control BW determined in field experiments in Peru and mechanisms of biocontrol characterized

NARS, NGOs, biopesticide industry in Peru

NARS, NGOs or the private sector produce and recommend the bioagent for BW control

Output target 2008

Two cultural practices that enhance soil fertility and plant health and reduce BW and other soil-borne diseases incidence tested with farmers in Peru and Kenya


Output target 2008

Usefulness of BW-tolerant potato clones in integrated management of BW tested with farmers and the two best clones with stable resistance selected by NARS in Peru, Bolivia and Kenya


Output target 2008

CIP’s manual on methodologies for participatory training and research on integrated management of BW adapted and validated with farmers by NARS in Kenya, Uganda, the Philippines and China


NARS researchers and extension workers have better information tools to train farmers on BW IDM



Late blight simulation model validated in Peru, Ecuador and Kenya with specific resistance parameters of 3 local cultivars

NARS, IARC scientists in Peru and Ecuador

Researchers improve capacity to develop cultivar-specific man-agement strategies

Output target 2008

One scale for quantifying LB resistance developed and available in Peru, Ecuador and Kenya and available globally

NARS, IARC scientists in LAC and SSA (spill over global)

Researchers improve ability to select for durable resistance to LB

Output target 2008

Potential for gene flow among different populations of P. infestans in Andes determined

Plant breeders in NARS, IARCS

Breeding and screening designs modified to accommodate pathogen population shifts

Output target 2008

Durability of resistance gene from S. bulbocastanum tested in at least 3 locations in Ecuador, Peru and Kenya

NARS, IARCs Enhanced level of resistance in new varieties with gene

Output target 2008

Strategies for integrated management of LB validated with NARS in Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Burundi and DR Congo


Output target 2008

One strategy to control SPVD in sweetpotatoes validated in Uganda and Tanzania

NARS, NGO’s, resource-poor farmers in the same countries

Output target 2009

Spore dispersal dynamics of Phytophthora infestans quantified by field trials in highland tropical conditions in Ecuador

NARS researchers, users of LB simulation models

Improved predictability of LB management tactics due to more accurate simulation

Output target 2009

Biophysical conditions of soil that suppress tuber infection by Phytophthora infestans understood in Ecuador

NARS, NGOs, farmer trainers

Output target 2009

Use of simulation model integrated as decision-support tool for NARS to fine-tune integrated management of LB according to local conditions in Peru, Ecuador and Kenya

NARS and CIP researchers Improved LB management tactics due to more accurate simulation

Output target 2009

Practical application and mass-rearing methods for bioagents of potato BW developed in Peru and methodologies transferred to NARS in at least two other countries in LAC and/or SSA

NARS, NGOs, biopesticide industry in Peru and in other two countries in LAC and/or SSA

NARS, NGOs or the private sector use methods for mass-rearing bioagents for potato BW control

Output target 2009

Integrated soil and disease management strategies to control potato Control strategies for BW and other major soil-



Project 4 Outputs Intended user Outcomes Impact borne diseases, while enhancing plant nutrition and soil health, developed with farmers in Kenya, Uganda and Burundi by combining host resistance, native beneficial microorganisms (mycorrhiza, rhizobium, endophytic antagonistic bacteria) and soil amendments

Output target 2009

The importance and incidence of major viruses affecting sweetpotato determined in Bangladesh

NARS, NGO’s and plant material producers in Bangladesh

Output 4 Components and strategies for the integrated management of key potato and sweetpotato insect pests5 developed, tested and disseminated as part of ICM strategies in LAC, SSA and Asia priority countries (5-8 years)

NARS, NGOs, resource-poor farmers, Universities, advanced labs and private sector

Potato and sweetpotato farmers adopt improved components for the integrated management of potato and sweetpotato insect pests, which contribute to reduce crop losses and the use of insecticides

Enhanced livelihoods of poor potato and sweetpotato farmers due to increased crop productivity and reduced negative impacts of insecticides on human health and the environment

Output target 2007

Phenology model for the parasitoid Copidosoma koehleri developed to determine potential release areas for classical biocontrol of PTM in SSA and Asia

NARS, Universities in SSA and SWCA

Parasitoid models adopted by national programs to target classical biocontrol in PTM invaded countries

Output target 2007

Crop-loss relationships and control thresholds for APW and LMF determined in Peru

NARS, NGOs, resource poor farmers in LAC for APW and in LAC, SWCA and SSA for LMF

Output target 2007

Parasitoid diversity of LMF in Peru in a longitudinal and altitudinal gradient assessed and documented

NARS, NGOs, resource poor farmers in LAC, SSA and SWCA

Output target 2007

The efficacy of fungal pathogens (Paecylomices spp.) on WF control as affected by host plant interactions documented

NARS, NGOs, Universities, biopesticide industry, resource poor farmers in LAC, SSA and SWCA

Output target 2007

Phenology models for S. tangolias and T. solanivora developed and potential distribution within the Andes estimated

NARS, NGOs, Universities and private sector in LAC

Output target Statistical package for analysing and NARS, NGOs, IRC, NARS use insect phenology

5 Includes APWs andean Potato Weevils (Premnotrypes spp.), PTMs include, common Potato Tuber Moth (Phthorimaea operculella) andean Potato Tuber Moth (Symmetrischema

operculella) and the Guatemaltecan Tuber Moth (Tecia solanivora); LMF, Leaf Miner Fly (Lyriomyza huidobrensis), WF (Bemisia tabaci and B. afer), SPW, Sweetpotato weevils (Cylas spp.) and CPB, Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) as well as other more regional important insect pests.


Project 4 Outputs Intended user Outcomes Impact 2007 simulating potato pest phenology, based

on life-table input data, as well as for forecasting the regional distribution potentials using GIS available to support decision-making related to IPM. The package could be applicable to any pest in any crop

Universities, advanced labs and private sector worldwide

modelling for improving understanding of pest biology and ecology and their IPM strategies

Output target 2008

Potential strategies for natural enemy conservation to support self-regulation of potato pests in potato cropping systems of the Andean highlands developed in Peru

NARES, NGOs, resource poor farmers in Peru and other Andean countries

Output target 2008

The potential of entomopathogens assessed for T. solanivora control and biological studies of potential parasitoids for its control conducted in Ecuador

NARS, NGOs, Universities, biopesticide industry, resource poor farmers in LAC

Output target 2008

Impacts of insecticide use on pests and natural enemies in potato cropping systems investigated and documented in the highlands and coastal regions of Peru

NARS, NGOs, Universities, private sector, resource poor farmers in LAC

Output target 2008

The potential integration of entomopathogenic fungi in pest management strategies for LMF assessed in Peru


Output target 2008

The efficacy of attracticides based on oil formulations of PTM sex pheromones, UV protectors and contact insecticides for T. solanivora control evaluated in Ecuador and Peru

NARS, NGOs, Universities, private sector, resource poor farmers in LAC

Output target 2008

Biology and ecology of potential parasitoids for classical biocontrol of LMF assessed and specimens introduced to Kenya

IRC, NARS and NGOS and resource poor farmers in SSA

Output target 2008

Distribution and importance of sweetpotato pests in the main sweetpotato production areas of India assessed and documented

NARS, NGOs, Universities and resource poor farmers in SWCA



Distribution and importance of potato pests (especially of CPB) assessed and documented in the main potato production areas of Uzbekistan and at least two other CAC countries

NARS, NGOs, Universities and resource poor farmers in CAC

Output target 2008

The potential of entomopathogenic nematodes for APW control assessed in the Andean Region (Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia)


Output target 2008

The ecological and economical impacts of physical barriers for APW control assessed in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador

NARS, NGOs, resource poor farmers in the same countries

Output target 2009

Use of parasitoids for classical biocontrol of T. solanivora evaluated in Ecuador

NARS and NGOS and resource poor farmers in LAC

Output target 2009

IPM for CPB tested and documented in Uzbekistan

NARS, NGOs, Universities and resource poor farmers in CAC

Output target 2009

IPM for SPW tested and documented in Kenya, Uganda and India

NARS, NGOs, Universities and resource poor farmers in the same countries

Output target 2009

Entomopatogenic nematodes for biocontrol of PTMs (T. solanivora, S. tangolias and P. operculella) assessed in Peru and Ecuador

NARS and NGOS and resource poor farmers in LAC, SSA and SWCA

Output 5 Participatory strategies and methods for socioeconomic integration of potato and sweetpotato ICM developed and made available for improving potato and sweetpotato innovation systems in LAC, SSA and Asia (5-8 years)

NARS researchers, extension workers, research and development institutions

Research and development-oriented institutions use participatory strate-gies and methods for socioeconomic integration in order to adapt, adjust and fine tuning ICM technologies according to local or regional conditions

Improved capacities of NARS to design evaluate and implement more efficient ICM-related interventions to contribute to improved farmer livelihoods

Output target 2007

Two participatory methods for socioeconomic integration of ICM through participatory research validated for potato in Ethiopia, Uganda and Vietnam and for sweetpotato in Lao PDR, China and Indonesia (with UPWARD)

NARS researchers and extension workers in the same countries



Innovation systems related to ICM for the potato crop, characterized and documented and a cross-country comparative study conducted involving Peru, Bolivia, Ethiopia and Uganda


Output target 2007

Utility of participatory methods for potato ICM in relation with local innovation systems evaluated in a cross-country study conducted involving Ethiopia, Uganda, Bolivia and Peru


Output target 2008

Effectiveness of FFS and other participatory methods to disseminate information about the risks of persistent organic pollutants (POP) and contribute to the reduction of highly toxic pesticides on potato production assessed in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia

NARS, NGOs in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia

Output target 2008

Lessons learned about the effectiveness of participatory approaches for ICM development and dissemination in Asia documented with UPWARD and in SSA documented with PRAPACE

NARS researchers, NGOs, development organizations, policy makers in East and South East Asia

Output target 2008

Country-specific guidelines to support decision-making by research and extension institutions regarding the use of participatory methods for potato and sweetpotato ICM available in Peru, Bolivia, Uganda, Ethiopia, Nepal, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, Philippines, Lao PDR, Vietnam and China


Output target 2008

Participatory research methodologies for supporting the development of ICM for native potato varieties to respond to market demands assessed in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia

NARS researchers, exten-sion workers and farmers in the same countries



Innovation system related to ICM for the potato crop diagnosed, characterized and documented in Mozambique, Malawi, Indonesia, Uzbekistan and Georgia


NARS and CIP researchers will use the information to plan future interventions

Output target 2009

Participatory research methodologies for supporting the development of sweetpotato ICM to respond to market demands assessed in Uganda, Kenya and Ethiopia


NARS and CIP researchers will use the information to plan future interventions


Project 5: Natural Resources Management

Project 5 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Output 1 Methods, options and strategies for

improved research targeting and Environmental Vulnerability Analyses, preparedness and mitigation in the Andes, SSA and SWCA developed (5 years)

CGIAR & NARS scientists Development agencies Policy makers

Methods, options and strategies adopted

Vulnerability of poor farmers living in target areas reduced. Governments improve their capacity to negotiate surpluses or deficit in timely manner. Improved development priorities. Improved development investment

Output Targets 2007

The suitability of high resolution remote sensing (RS) to quantify the area under potato in Uganda determined

A protocol to incorporate microwave remote sensing and multifractal processing developed for estimating crop areas

Partial root drying (PRD) irrigation method for potato and SP in Peru developed and documented

Sweetpotato crop growth model developed and parameterized with five important varieties used in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania

Output Targets 2008

High resolution environmental vulnerability assessment (EVA) completed for potato systems in SW Uganda and Rwanda

High resolution EVA for rice-potato systems in West Bengal, India completed (With Rice-Wheat Consortium)

Potato and sweet potato statistics for Uganda analyzed through re-processing of historical remotely sensed data

Geospatial interpolation protocol for temperature based on RS data and wavelet developed and data and processing software posted in the Internet

CGIAR & NARS scientists

Methods and tools for P & SP yield forecasting combining RS and modeling finalized and tested

Policy makers Development agencies CGIAR & NARS scientists



Early diagnostic method for pests and diseases using RS data developed: potato in Peru and sweet potato in Uganda

CGIAR & NARS scientists Government agencies

The feasibility of incorporating genomics into the potato physiology model to better assess GxE interactions tested a

CGIAR & NARS scientists

Output 2 Recommendations and policy options to reduce environmental and economic vulnerability on targeted ecosystems in the Andes and East Africa documented (3 years)

CGIAR & NARS scientists Policy makers

Recommendations adopted by CG-Centers, Development projects and governments

Improved policies for sustainable production in target areas in SSA, LAC and SWCA implemented

Output Targets 2007

Minimum data – tradeoff analysis (MD-TOA) studies by NARS in Kenya, Uganda, Peru and Ecuador completed (with Montana State and Wageningen Universities)

Output Targets 2008

MD-TOA application in rice-potato systems in India conducted (with Montana State and Wageningen universities and the Rice-Wheat Consortium)

Output Targets 2009

Methodology to downscale results from climate change models to local conditions developed and tested in the Andes

Output 3 Principles and approaches to develop adaptive capacity in agricultural systems in the Andes, SSA and Asia identified and validated (5 years) (with GMP)

Policy makers Extension workers Development agencies

Local Governments, Development Agencies and NGOs promote the principles, approaches and technologies developed

Farmers and women groups reduce their vulnerability to externalities

Output Targets 2007

Environmental and economic benefit of pigs grazing in SP fields in Peru established and documented

Output Targets 2008

Strategies for production and utilization of sweetpotato to improve feed-to-meat feeding ration in Lao PDR, Vietnam and China tested and improved (with Upward)

NARIS researchers, private, sector, farmers in Lao PDR, Vietnam and China

Forage and legume intercropping technologies for improving the role of sweetpotato as animal feed developed in crop livestock systems in Ecuador, Peru, Kenya, Uganda, Laos and Vietnam (with ILRI & UPWARD)



Genetic, agronomic and environmental management technologies for enhancing adaptive capacity in the high plateau of the Andes integrated

Production and utilization of sweetpotato for animal feed in Philippines and Indonesia improved (with Upward)


Project 6: Health and Agriculture Project 6 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Output 1 Integrated health and agriculture strategies to

reduce pesticide exposure risk among farm families in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia designed and promoted

Farmer organizations, development organizations, municipal and regional government officials and other action researchers

Users use framework, tools and knowledge to change practices and inform policy

Small farmers and their families experience greater productivity, reduced risk and better health

Analysis of baseline data on IPM and pesticide practices and health status among 450 farm households, including socioeconomic characterization

Farmer organizations, development organizations, municipal and regional government officials and other action researchers

Use of context specific information for joint intervention planning and policy influence

Output Targets 2006

Pesticide risk reduction and adult education interventions designed and tested in Ecuador

Farmers, health professionals, agriculture technicians, local governments

Greater understanding of IPM production alternatives and pesticide poisoning prevention

Presence and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) documented in Ecuador and Bolivia

Cultural, economic and technical constraints to pesticide use reduction documented in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia

Local governments, regional and national decision makers on health and agriculture, community leaders, CIP, NARS

Users understand the relation between agricultural production systems, farm family health and agricultural productivity

One integrated package of healthy crop management materials including pesticide use reduction and poisoning prevention designed and tested in Ecuador

Agriculture technicians from Agriculture National Institutions, local governments and local NGO and health workers

Multiple programmers of other stakeholders in Andean region adapt the methods and materials

Output Targets 2007

Relative effectiveness of different intervention components in reducing toxic pesticide use through greater IPM implementation and/or crop diversification documented

Health professionals, agricultural technicians, NGOs and other agriculture and health researchers

Evidence of effectiveness influences decision makers to allocate program and further research resources appropriately

Output Targets 2008

Integrated health sector-agricultural sector partnerships designed and promoted for reduction of highly toxic pesticide use

Farmers, national and local decision makers from health and agriculture sectors, international researchers

Uptake by others of the transdisciplinary platform model for engaging in research which enhances agricultural productivity and human health


Project 6 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Output 2 Importance of safe and healthy roots and

tubers is established Farmers, national and local decision makers from health and agriculture sectors, international researchers

Users utilize information to prioritize root and tuber crop sector development pathways to reduce health risks and maximize the potential of root and tuber crops to provide energy and nutrition

Vulnerable groups have improved health and nutritional status from greater access to roots and tubers

Output Targets 2007

The role and significance of the potato in the diet of poor and very poor households in two developing countries is documented (tentatively Rwanda, Nepal or Kyrgyzstan) (Tulane University)


Project 7: CONDESAN

Project 7 Outputs Main Users Outcomes Impacts Output 1

Policies and local, national and regional recommendations for improved integrated water resource management (IWRM) in Andean countries from Venezuela to Argentina (4 years) Variability of hydrological balances assessed throughout the region based on seven selected basins throughout five countries in the Andes (basins of La Miel, Fuquene, Ambato, El Angel, Jequetepeque, Alto mayo and Cordillera de Tunari) Economic valuation of ecosystem hydrological services and existing opportunities and conditions required so that these can become of real benefit for the poor, documented for the cases of Fuquene, Alto Mayo, Jequetepeque and Ambato Methodology to incorporate water contamination in the valuation of ecosystem hydrological services documented for the case of Fuquene, Colombia Watershed analysis methodology validated in four basins in the Andes Comparative analysis of the access and use of water resources by the rural poor, documented for four sites within the Andean region Mechanisms for safeguarding the hydrological and other environmental services and functions in five areas in the Andean paramo designed

Output Target 2007

Diploma distance education program of watershed management validated

Output targets 2008

Compensation for ecosystem hydrological services schemes documented for five basins in the Andean region

CONDESAN partners, researchers and key IMWR policy and decision makers, at the local, national and regional levels in the Andes

Users adopt strategies to improve integrated water resources management in the Andes. CONDESAN partners use and share information, analysis, methodologies and strategies so that improved integrated management of water resources generate opportunities of welfare and inclusion for the poor

Sustainable use of natural resources and improved livelihoods of the rural Andean population


Project 7 Outputs Main Users Outcomes Impacts Policy strategy and public awareness campaign for the conservation of the paramo ecosystem and its environmental services defined at the national and regional levels Policy, legislative and regulatory framework developed at different governmental levels, to support the implementation of management plans for paramo ecosystem and conservation of the hydrological services it provides Conceptual-analytical framework developed to systematize and carry out comparative analysis of IMWR successful case studies Comparative analysis of IMWR practices in different Andean basins completed Water-related causes of poverty and farming families and community coping strategies documented for two basins in the Andes Safeguarding the hydrological and other environmental services and functions in five protected areas in the Andean Paramo consolidated through completion of management and financial sustainability plans Comparative analysis of IMWR management plans and hydrological conservation functions completed for nine Andean paramo sites

Evaluation of diploma distance education program of watershed management documented Quantitative analysis of committed water resources and opportunities for tapping un-committed water resources and re-allocation of water resources that would benefit the poor in at least two Andean Basins completed Technology, organizational arrangements and policies for improved IWRM for local and regional organizations based on comparative analysis of case studies documented

Output targets 2009

Andean level IMWR monitoring system designed and implemented for three basins in the Andes


Project 7 Outputs Main Users Outcomes Impacts Legal frameworks, institutional arrangements and governance processes that affect access and productivity of water in at least two basins in the Andes established High quality data base established and available to facilitate application of IWRM in 5 Andean Basins

Regional IWRM training program designed according to the local and regional needs

Output 2

New institutional innovations, forms of organization and mechanisms for cooperation, training and dialogue are developed and promoted in the Andean agricultural systems to take advantage of the region’s natural diversity (5 years) CONDESAN Innovations Group documented three innovation processes in the Andes from different perspectives: production, technology and institutional Community scaling up of conservation agricultural practices compared and documented for three sites in the Andes (Fuquene, Ambato and Jequetepeque) Scaling up of co-investment schemes for sustainable development in mountain areas documented Success and failure factors of policy development and application for water issues in mountains documented (with Global Mountain Program) in two Andean countries and recommendations prepared to policy-makers based on comparative analysis

Output Target 2007

An exchange and learning pilot mechanism for Andean rural youngsters designed and tested with the winners of CONDESAN Contest “Compartiendo Aprendo” (Learning by sharing)

Output targets 2008

Strategy to expand conservation agriculture in the Andes based on an innovations approach developed

CONDESAN partners, researchers, policy makers at the local, national and regional levels in the Andes

Users adopt strategic innovations on agricultural systems to improve welfare of the rural Andean population. CONDESAN partners use and share information, analysis, methodologies that support the development and expansion of innovation in agricultural systems in the Andes. Broader and more equitable participation of youngsters. Improved policies, projects and programs in support of the development and expansion of innovation in agricultural systems in the Andes. Regional stakeholders strengthen their links and synergies and improve their decision making and negotiation processes as well as their proposals with respect to development and expansion of innovative agricultural systems. Users utilize multi-stakeholder platforms to renovate conceptual approaches, strategies and public policies; cohesion and synergies b t t d th

Improve livelihoods and reduce deterioration of natural resources in the Andean ecoregion.


Project 7 Outputs Main Users Outcomes Impacts The policy frameworks and other barriers that may obstruct innovation processes in agriculture and IMWR the Andes documented Exchange and learning pilot mechanism for Andean rural youngsters implemented and expanded

Regional multi-institutional training program on Innovations in agricultural system designed to ensure that research results in this area are taken into account in the formation of young professionals Strategy that integrates rural ecotourism, biodiversity valuation and improved livelihoods for farming communities in the Andes developed Institutional innovations that would be needed to unlock water productivity potential required to alleviate poverty and enhance environmental security documented Scaling up strategies for improved impact of IMWR developed Regional analysis of policies to support innovation processes in the Andes completed A formal and non-formal environmental education program developed, directed at students and teachers of the educational institutions of Paramo areas

Output targets 2009

A multi-stakeholder regional platform for regular dialogue, exchanges and learning on integrated management of water resources and agricultural innovation systems has been established in the Andes

between partners and other stakeholders


Project 8: Global Mountain Program Project 8 Outputs Intended user Outcomes Impact Output 1 The principal research products of the CGIAR

centers for mountains are available and accessible in the form of a supermarket or market place of innovations and opportunities. (5 years with individual CGIAR Centers and the Mountain Forum (MF) )

CGIAR and NARS scientists, ARI partners, policy makers, mountain communities

CGIAR research products for mountains are available as options and used by mountain communities, NARS, NGOs and planners

Having better access to CGIAR and other innovations for sustainable agriculture and rural development enables marginalized mountain people to empower them selves to better break the poverty cycle and maintain the resource base and mountain functionality. MDGs are met in defined mountain regions

Output Target 2007

The major finished research products for mountains of ILRI, CIMMYT, IFPRI, in East Africa and for CIAT, CIMMYT in the Latin America and IRRI and CIFOR in SA and ICARDA in CAC are documented and analyzed (with each of the centers)

CGIAR scientists, NARS and policy makers

CGIAR scientists and directors use platform information to more effectively coordinate CGIAR activities in mountains

Output Target 2008

The major finished research products for mountains of the rest of the CGIAR centers have been documented and analyzed

CGIAR and partners scientists CGIAR and partners use the data to develop the supermarket or innovation marketplace

A prototype supermarket/marketplace for innovation, options and support for mountain people is developed (with ICIMOD, MF, CGIAR centers, ARIs)

CGIAR and partners Mountain groups test the prototype communications means for CGIAR products

Output Target 2009

Options and innovations for sustainable mountain Agriculture and rural development from non CGIAR sources are collected, analyzed and processed

CGIAR and partners CGIAR and partners use the information to add to the supermarket or innovation marketplace

The innovations and support supermarket/market place for sustainable mountain agriculture and rural development is tested

CGIAR, NARS, Planners, policy makers, mountain communities,

Communities and NGOs and NARS in mountains test the communication support mechanisms

A concept paper on awareness raising research to communicate important issues to mountain people developed and submitted to donors (GMP)

Donors Donors support greater awareness raising and broader awareness of the supermarket and innovation marketplace in mountain regions


Output 2 Policy and technology options to improve use and minimize adverse impacts of rural urban linkages in mountains are documented (5 years) (with AHI and SIUA, IFPRI, CIFOR, CIP, ICRAF, IWMI, CIAT and national partners)

Decision makers and planners as well as rural and urban people in mountains

Baseline livelihood information and decision making support tools are used by planners to develop more effective urban and rural linkages and policy options, better institutional coordination and targeted technological options for people with and without market access

Increased food security, wellbeing and income of mountain people and better stewardship natural resources in mountains. MDGs, especially those on poverty reduction and environment reached in the three benchmark sites

Output Target 2007

Information on livelihood options and issues, land, water, forest management, product flows management and rural-urban policies, is collected analyzed and available (GMP, CIFOR, IWMI, UH, AHI)

CGIAR scientists, national scientists, universities

Information is used by modelers as data to develop decision-making support models

CGIAR wide research on policy, water, land and forest use, agricultural options at the Addis benchmark site is coordinated and linked to support work to strengthen RULs and livelihoods options (CGIAR centers)

CGIAR and NARS, planners and community leaders

Technology based options developed by the CGIAR and partners are developed a coordinated around identified livelihood options and linked to rural urban planning

Output Target 2008

Strategies are available on key issues (GMP, UH, AHI and other CGIAR Centers)

Policy makers, Local communities, Development agencies

Government of Ethiopia, NARS and CGIAR scientists and partners use the information to develop effective planning, policies and research support

An environmental model is developed from livelihood study data as a step in a process to aid in the development of more targeted support to communities and environmental conservation (Country: Ethiopia) (GMP-CIP)

CGIAR, National, scientists and ARIs

Scientists and policy makers have available a better model for planning and policymaking as well as support strategies

Benchmark sites are begun in Asia and Latin America. Key spatial and socio-economic links are identified through studies on livelihood issues and options(GMP-Urban Harvest)

Researchers, policy makers and planners, business groups, Community leaders, donor support groups

The experience of Ethiopia benchmark site is used to support similar programs in LA and Asia. Additional value added is gained from learning between sites


Output target 2009 Scientific reports are available on key RUL and livelihoods in Latin American and Asian benchmark sites (CGIAR centers and NARS)

Researchers and planners and community groups

Planners and scientists have a better basis for making decisions that affect Rural and Urban development

A preliminary ‘mountain RU linkage’ model is developed from livelihood study data as a step in a process to aid in the development of more targeted support to communities and environmental conservation. Ethiopia (with CIP and CGIAR partners and NARS)

Researchers (CGIAR and NARS) National groups use better planning tools for planning and better livelihood options for selected benchmark sites in mountains of LA and Asia by national organizations

Output 3 Strengths and weaknesses of policies in the Andes for water, soil and forest management in mountains are documented (2 years with CONDESAN in Andes and SARD-M partners globally)

Andean communities, policy makers, scientists

In the Andean region results are used by policy makers and civil groups to improve national SARD-M policies. Internationally, results are linked to a global analysis of mountain policies with the Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development for Mountains

Through an enabling policy environment mountain resources are more effectively and equitably managed resulting in improved livelihoods and poverty reduction as well as better environmental management which contribute to the MDGs

Output Target 2007

Regional analysis of SARD-M policies in the Andes is available based on the three country studies and the workshop inputs (GMP, CONDESAN)

Policy makers and communities Through reports and an Andean regional workshop policy makers, mountain communities, scientists and civil society is made aware of the policy analysis and options

Output Target 2008

Projections of future needs on mountain policy research for sustainable agriculture and rural development are available (GMP-CONDESAN)

CGIAR scientists and management and donors

Decisions are taken on whether tocontinue with further work on mountain policy


Project 9: Urban Harvest

Project 9 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact Output 1 The contribution of urban and peri-urban

agriculture (UPA) to improving the livelihoods of poor city households and the condition of urban ecosystems is documented and validated (until 2007)

CGIAR management, Centers, donors and multilateral organizations

Users deploy outputs to mainstream UPA within international and national R&D agendas

The international agricultural research and development community devotes increased research attention to UPA

Output Target 1.1 2007

Four strategies for sustainable city agriculture are identified and documented through comparative analyses of economic, social and environmental costs and benefits of UPA in Lima, Manila, Hanoi, Kampala, Nairobi and Nakuru

Policy makers, city officials, CSOs in Lima, Manila, Hanoi, Kampala, Nairobi and Nakuru

Users access comparative analyses and strategies to improve policy development, planning and investment decisions

Sustainable UPA demonstrated through cases of integration of urban agriculture in city management

Output 2 Innovative technologies and practices developed for increasing productivity and marketing of agricultural commodities produced in urban and peri-urban areas and their contribution to human nutrition and health (3-5 years)

Researchers, extension agents and CSOs at international and target country level, city agricultural officials, producer and processor organizations in target cities

Innovations spread among producers in target cities and in ”contact cities”6

Producers increase incomes through higher productivity and access to alternative markets


Two urban-adapted models for improved animal nutrition and management for specified types of livestock-raising systems identified in Lima and Nakuru (in partnership with ILRI and ICRAF)

Researchers, extension agents, CSOs, city agriculture office staff

Users promote options and model for application in urban and peri-urban contexts

Producers adopt improved livestock management and nutrition practices leading to increased income for livestock raisers through use of improved systems

OT 2.2 2007

One livestock production framework developed and documented for increasing consumption of animal source foods (ASFs) by young children in Lima and Nakuru (in partnership with ILRI)

Researchers, extension agents, CSOs, city officials, CBOs in Lima and Nairobi

Users apply model to promote use of ASF for improved nutrition in young children

Enhanced consumption of locally produced ASFs among urban population

OT 2.3 2007

Strategy on institutional-based urban agriculture for improved child nutrition validated in Nakuru and Lima (in partnership with ILRI and IIN)

Extension agents, schools, local women’s groups, community groups, CSOs

Users apply strategy to promote the dissemination of planting materials of nutritious crops for home cultivation by urban households

Home cultivation and consumption of nutritious crops leads to improvements in child nutrition

6 Contact cities include urban areas which participate in workshops, capacity-building activities and learning visits to target cities, but where no direct research activities are undertaken

by this Project


Project 9 Outputs Intended user Outcome Impact OT 2.4 2007

The contribution of social capital to profitability and sustainability of urban agro-enterprises documented in Lima and Kampala (in partnership with CIAT)

Researchers, extensionists, CSOs, city officials, CBOs,

Research-extension-city teams incorporate social capital strengthening mechanisms into urban development programs

One livestock production framework developed and documented for increasing consumption of animal source foods (ASFs) by young children in Lima and Nakuru (in partnership with ILRI)

OT 2.5 2008

ICM urban field schools and animal nutrition and management models validated in Kampala and Addis (in partnership with ILRI and GMP)

Researchers, extension agents, CSOs, city agriculture office staff

Users apply FFS methods for improving crop management and livestock raising systems

Strategy on institutional-based urban agriculture for improved child nutrition validated in Nakuru and Lima (in partnership with ILRI and IIN)

OT 2.6 2008

Rural-urban agro-enterprise models tested and validated in Kampala and Addis (in partnership with CIAT and GMP)

Researchers, city agriculture office staff , CSOs, producer/processor organizations in Kampala and Addis

Users apply model to strengthen market chain and access innovations in UPA contexts

Multiple income benefits accrue to producers, processors and service industries in enterprise clusters and along marketing chain

OT 2.7 2009

Livestock production framework for enhanced use of ASFs validated in two further cities

Researchers, extension agents, CSOs, city officials, CBOs

Users apply model to promote use of ASF for improved nutrition in young children

Increased consumption of ASFs leads to improvements in child malnutrition

OT 2.8 2009

Customized potato technologies tested and validated in potato-based urban horticulture systems in two cities in SWCA (in partnership with CIP’s new urban horticulture theme)

Researchers, extension agents, city officials, CSOs

NARDS-CSO-city teams incorporate technologies into urban and peri-urban development programs

Urban and peri-urban producers enhance profitability of horticultural production

OT 2.9 2009

Mitigation strategy for HIV/AIDS affected urban communities, involving enhanced production and consumption of ASFs and horticultural crops, validated in two African cities (In partnership with ILRI, IFPRI)

Researchers, health professionals in urban settings, municipal authorities, CSOs

Users incorporate food security-based mitigation approach into HIV/AIDS strategy

Conditions of HIV/AIDS affected communities mitigated, through adoption of ASF and horticultural production strategy


Policy makers, city officials, researchers, urban health professionals, CSOs

Users integrate the methods into urban policies and planning

Reduced human health risks from UPA and enhanced productive use of urban natural resources in agriculture


Nutrient flow model developed for optimization of urban organic residues and rural-urban manures for use in soil enhancement in Nakuru and Nairobi, Kenya

Researchers, CSOs, CBOs, municipal agricultural officials in Nakuru and Nairobi

Users apply model to improve levels of recycling of urban nutrients and enhance productivity of urban crops and livestock

Better environmental conditions in urban areas and livelihoods improvements among processors and users of residues



Validation of health risks assessment model and mitigation strategies in Lima

Researchers, health professionals in urban settings, municipal authorities, CSOs

Users apply model and strategy to guide development and implementation of guidelines for risk reduction measures in urban and peri-urban crop and animal production

Reduced negative health and environmental effects from UPA

OT 3.3 2008

Validation of nutrient flow model for horticulture-livestock systems in Kampala and Addis (in partnership with GMP, ICRAF and ILRI)

Researchers, CSOs, CBOs, municipal agricultural offices

Users apply model to improve levels of recycling of urban nutrients and enhance productivity of urban crops and livestock

Better environmental conditions in urban areas and livelihoods improvements among processors and users of residues

OT 3.4 2008

Validation of Hanoi model for sustainable recycling of urban organic residues for pig production in Lima and Kampala (In partnership with Makerere University, Kampala and UNALM, Lima)

Researchers, CSOs, CBOs, municipal agricultural offices

Users apply model to improve economic benefits from recycling of urban organic wastes as pigfeed

Urban and peri-urban pig-raisers enjoy more stable economic situation and contribute to reducing urban pollution

OT 3.5 2009

Conservation agriculture strategy adapted to nutrient recycling opportunities in potato-based urban horticultural systems in two cities in SWCA (in partnership with CIP’s new urban and peri-urban horticulture theme)

Researchers, extension agents, city officials, CSOs, CBOs

Users incorporate adapted conservation agriculture strategy for urban and peri-urban potato production

Improved soil management of urban plots leads to increased stability and resilience of potato production systems in and around cities

Output 4 Policy options and institutional and planning strategies to support safe and sustainable agricultural production in urban areas are developed (3 – 5 years)

Municipal authorities, producers, national governments, multilateral agencies

Urban and peri-urban agriculture incorporated into policies, planning and development targeting of local governments

Improved policies, reduced risks and better use of urban resources lead to increased food security and income contribution from UPA


Integrated, territorial planning that incorporates sustainable use of urban natural resources for agriculture in Lima, applied and documented (in partnership with Politechnic University of Madrid)

Policy makers, city officials, CSOs, national planning agencies in Lima

Integrated, participatory urban planning approaches involving agriculture adopted

Increased municipal resources channeled to agriculture and natural resource management enhances productivity

OT 4.2 2007

Participatory approaches to institutionalizing and supporting UPA, including capacity building, are validated and implemented in Nakuru and Manila , as part of scaling out results of Kampala and Lima experiences

Policy makers, city officials, CSOs, national planning agencies in Manila and Nakuru

Users apply strategies for wide-scale implementation of stakeholder and dialogue model and integrated planning approaches

Municipal resources are channeled to UPA and natural resources management on a regional scale



Criteria and implementation strategy for food quality standards (FQS) and certification of urban and peri-urban agricultural commodities are established in Lima and Kampala (in partnership with Politechnic University of Madrid, IFPRI)

Municipal health officers, private sector organizations, CSOs in Kampala and Lima

Users apply options to increase marketability of crop and livestock produce and improve levels of food hygiene and safety

Producers and traders adopt FQS to increase security and reduce risks among consumers

OT 4.4 2008

Integrated, territorial planning mechanisms for sustainable urban NRM, validated in two additional locations

Policy makers, city officials, CSOs, national planning agencies

Integrated, participatory urban planning approaches involving agriculture adopted

Increased municipal resources channeled to agriculture and natural resource management enhances productivity

OT 4.5 2009

Strategy for food quality standards (FQS) and certification of urban and peri-urban agricultural commodities validated in two additional cities

Municipal health officers, private sector organizations, CSOs

Users apply options to increase marketability of crop and livestock produce and improve levels of food hygiene and safety

Producers and traders adopt FQS to increase security and reduce risks among consumers


Annex 2. Financial tables

Cost Allocation Table 1. Allocation of Projects Cost to CGIAR System Priorities

Table 2. Undertaking, Activities and Sectors

Table 3. Allocation of Projects Cost to CGIAR Regions

Expenditure Table 4. Objects of Expenditure

Financing Table 5. Members/ Non Members Unrestricted Grants

Table 6. Allocation of Member/Non Members Grants to Projects

Staff Composition Table 7. Internationally and Nationally Recruited Staff

Financial Position Table 8. Currency Structure of Expenditures

Table 9. Statements of Activities

Table 10. Statements of Financial Position


Table 1. Cost Allocation: Allocation of Projects Cost to CGIAR System Priorities 2006-2009 (in $ million)

Project System Priorities 2006 (estimated)

2007 (proposal)

2008 (plan 1)

2009 (plan 2)

Project 1: Impact Enhancement Priority 4D 0.018 0.026 0.031 0.038 Priority 5A 0.404 0.483 0.543 0.613 Priority 5B 1.365 1.575 1.736 1.929 Priority 5C 0.115 0.165 0.202 0.244 Priority 5D 0.119 0.172 0.210 0.253 Priority 2A 0.030 0.043 0.052 0.063 TOTAL BY PROJECT 2.051 2.463 2.775 3.140Project 2: Genetic Resources Conservation and Characterization Priority 1A 1.102 1.167 1.157 1.155 Priority 1B 0.012 0.018 0.018 0.018 TOTAL BY PROJECT 1.114 1.186 1.175 1.173Project 3: Germplasm Enhancement and Crop Improvement Priority 1A 0.505 0.394 0.407 0.374 Priority 3B 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.005 Priority 3C 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.005 Priority 3D 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.005 Priority 4A 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.005 Priority 4B 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.005 Priority 4C 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.005 Priority 4D 0.026 0.018 0.019 0.016 Priority 5A 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.005 Priority 5B 0.020 0.014 0.015 0.012 Priority 5C 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.005 Priority 1B 0.270 0.211 0.218 0.201 Priority 5D 1.290 1.003 1.038 0.951 Priority 1C 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.005 Priority 1D 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.005 Priority 2A 1.389 1.076 1.115 1.020 Priority 2B 1.359 1.056 1.093 1.001 Priority 2C 1.359 1.056 1.093 1.001 Priority 2D 1.069 0.806 0.842 0.760 Priority 3A 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.005 TOTAL BY PROJECT 7.379 5.695 5.905 5.393Project 4: Integrated Crop Management Priority 1A 0.024 0.026 0.027 0.027 Priority 4D 0.894 1.442 1.731 1.779 Priority 5A 0.210 0.379 0.469 0.484 Priority 5B 0.115 0.212 0.263 0.271


Priority 5C 0.146 0.262 0.324 0.334 Priority 5D 1.237 1.781 2.067 2.113 Priority 2A 0.981 1.118 1.187 1.196 Priority 3A 1.054 1.408 1.594 1.623 TOTAL BY PROJECT 4.662 6.627 7.661 7.827Project 5: Natural Resources Management Priority 4A 0.422 0.421 0.395 0.440 Priority 4B 0.030 0.031 0.029 0.032 Priority 4D 0.810 0.799 0.750 0.824 Priority 5B 0.151 0.153 0.143 0.161 Priority 5C 0.301 0.305 0.285 0.322 Priority 5D 0.301 0.305 0.285 0.322 Priority 2A 0.100 0.094 0.089 0.092 Priority 2B 0.188 0.179 0.170 0.179 Priority 3A 0.137 0.131 0.124 0.133 TOTAL BY PROJECT 2.439 2.418 2.269 2.506Project 6: Agriculture and Human Health Priority 4D 0.027 0.051 0.049 0.110 Priority 5C 0.160 0.309 0.292 0.663 Priority 5D 0.080 0.154 0.146 0.331 TOTAL BY PROJECT 0.267 0.515 0.487 1.105Project 7: Consortium for the Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion - CONDESAN Priority 4A 1.275 1.132 1.031 1.053 Priority 4C 0.212 0.189 0.172 0.176 Priority 5A 0.106 0.094 0.086 0.088 Priority 5C 0.319 0.283 0.258 0.263 Priority 5D 0.212 0.189 0.172 0.176 TOTAL BY PROJECT 2.125 1.887 1.718 1.756Project 8: Global Mountain Program Priority 4A 0.227 0.149 0.060 0.061 Priority 5B 0.052 0.034 0.014 0.014 Priority 5C 0.157 0.103 0.042 0.042 Priority 5D 0.157 0.103 0.042 0.042 TOTAL BY PROJECT 0.592 0.390 0.158 0.159Project 9: Urban Harvest Priority 3B 0.046 0.032 0.032 0.013 Priority 4C 0.157 0.109 0.111 0.043 Priority 5A 0.994 0.811 0.826 0.585 Priority 5B 0.023 0.016 0.016 0.006 Priority 3A 0.113 0.078 0.079 0.031 TOTAL BY PROJECT 1.333 1.046 1.066 0.678 TOTAL BY CENTER 21.962 22.225 23.214 23.738


Table 2. Undertaking, Activities and Sectors, 2006-2009 (in $ million)

Undertaking, Activities and Sectors 2006 (estimated)

2007 (proposal)

2008 (plan 1)

2009 (plan 2)

Increasing Productivity 6.070 6.029 6.573 6.393 Germplasm Enhancement & Breeding 2.502 2.099 2.213 2.068 Production Systems Development & Management 3.568 3.930 4.360 4.325 Cropping systems 3.568 3.930 4.360 4.325 Livestock systems 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Tree systems 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Fish systems 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Protecting the Environment 5.556 5.797 5.886 6.181Saving Biodiversity 2.322 2.260 2.269 2.253Improving Policies 2.554 2.883 3.009 3.496Strengthening NARS 5.460 5.257 5.476 5.415 Training and Professional Development 1.800 1.841 1.990 1.977 Documentation, Publications, Info. Dissemination 1.881 1.842 1.905 1.982 Organization & Management Counseling 0.133 0.105 0.107 0.068 Networks 1.646 1.469 1.474 1.389

TOTAL BY CENTER 21.962 22.225 23.214 23.738


Table 3. Cost Allocation: Allocation of Projects Cost to CGIAR Regions, 2005-2009 (in $ million)

Project Regions 2005 (actual)

2006 (estimated)

2007 (proposal)

2008 (plan 1)

2009 (plan 2)

Project 1: Impact Enhancement

SSA 0.457 0.549 0.476 0.491 0.484

Asia 0.793 0.681 0.583 0.576 0.572

LAC 2.052 0.811 1.401 1.705 2.081

CWANA 0.017 0.010 0.003 0.003 0.003

TOTAL BY PROJECT 3.318 2.051 2.463 2.775 3.140Project 2: Genetic Resources Conservation and Characterization

SSA 0.332 0.147 0.180 0.179 0.179

Asia 0.347 0.339 0.363 0.361 0.360

LAC 1.004 0.579 0.554 0.547 0.546

CWANA 0.158 0.050 0.088 0.088 0.088

TOTAL BY PROJECT 1.841 1.114 1.186 1.175 1.173Project 3: Germplasm Enhancement and Crop Improvement

SSA 2.761 3.213 2.840 2.901 2.444

Asia 2.170 1.994 1.027 1.041 1.022

LAC 2.056 1.643 1.311 1.346 1.329

CWANA 0.822 0.529 0.516 0.617 0.597

TOTAL BY PROJECT 7.809 7.379 5.695 5.905 5.393

Project 4: Integrated Crop Management

SSA 1.455 1.691 2.909 3.328 3.520

Asia 1.216 1.282 1.257 1.032 1.145

LAC 1.366 1.468 1.427 1.190 1.005

CWANA 0.257 0.221 1.034 2.110 2.157

TOTAL BY PROJECT 4.293 4.662 6.627 7.661 7.827Project 5: Natural Resources Management

SSA 0.350 0.274 0.266 0.132 0.131

Asia 0.185 0.155 0.135 0.134 0.134

LAC 1.320 1.963 1.989 1.976 2.213

CWANA 0.055 0.046 0.028 0.028 0.028

TOTAL BY PROJECT 1.909 2.439 2.418 2.269 2.506

Project 6: Agriculture and Human Health

SSA 0.068 0.129 0.279 0.251 0.874

Asia 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002


LAC 0.292 0.135 0.233 0.233 0.228

CWANA 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

TOTAL BY PROJECT 0.363 0.267 0.515 0.487 1.105Project 7: Consortium for the Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion - CONDESAN LAC 1.290 2.125 1.887 1.718 1.756

TOTAL BY PROJECT 1.290 2.125 1.887 1.718 1.756

Project 8: Global Mountain Program

SSA 0.436 0.528 0.390 0.099 0.100

Asia 0.018 0.006 0.000 0.020 0.020

LAC 0.179 0.053 0.000 0.020 0.020

CWANA 0.018 0.006 0.000 0.020 0.020

TOTAL BY PROJECT 0.650 0.592 0.390 0.158 0.159

Project 9: Urban Harvest

SSA 0.360 0.850 0.631 0.698 0.465

Asia 0.058 0.103 0.082 0.083 0.085

LAC 0.332 0.359 0.332 0.285 0.128

CWANA 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.000 0.000

TOTAL BY PROJECT 0.750 1.333 1.046 1.066 0.678

TOTAL BY CENTER 22.224 21.962 22.225 23.214 23.738

Table 4. Expenditures, 2005-2009 Object of Expenditure, (in $million)

Object of Expenditures 2005 (actual)

2006 (estimated)

2007 (proposal)

2008 (plan 1)

2009 (plan 2)

Personnel 9.269 9.078 9.185 9.594 9.806

Supplies and services 8.115 7.961 8.055 8.413 8.600

Collaboration/ Partnerships 2.271 2.234 2.260 2.360 2.413

Operational Travel 2.204 2.239 2.266 2.367 2.419

Depreciation 0.365 0.450 0.460 0.480 0.500

TOTAL BY CENTER 22.224 21.962 22.225 23.214 23.738


Table 5. Financing: Members/Non Members Unrestricted Grants 2005-2007 (in $ million)

Members/Non Members 2005 (actual)

2006 (estimated)

2007 (proposal)

MEMBERS

Australia 0.239 0.189 0.177

Belgium 0.230 0.244 0.227

Canada 0.628 0.668 0.622

China 0.120 0.120 0.120

Denmark 0.313 0.338 0.314

Germany 0.259 0.259 0.259

India 0.038 0.038 0.038

Ireland 0.000 0.252 0.234

Italy 0.000 0.113 0.105

Korea, Republic of 0.060 0.050 0.050

Netherlands 0.919 0.886 0.843

Norway 0.303 0.323 0.301

Sweden 0.906 0.811 0.832

Switzerland 0.828 0.806 0.750

United Kingdom 1.159 1.224 1.138

United States 0.962 0.818 0.818

World Bank 1.150 1.050 1.250

TOTAL MEMBERS 8.113 8.189 8.076

NON MEMBERS

TOTAL BY CENTER 8.113 8.189 8.076


Table 6. Financing: Allocation of Members/Non Members Grants to Projects 2006-2007 (in $ million)

Project Members/Non Members 2006 (estimated)

2007 (proposal)

Project 1: Impact Enhancement MEMBERS

Australia 0.055 0.000

New Zealand 0.000 0.220

Switzerland 0.419 0.482

United Kingdom 0.050 0.359

United States 0.022 0.000

TOTAL MEMBERS 0.546 1.062

NON MEMBERS

ASARECA 0.060 0.060

CIAT 0.046 0.000

HarvestPlus/CP 0.186 0.168

IFPRI 0.004 0.000

Natural Resources Institute 0.056 0.000

TOTAL NON MEMBERS 0.352 0.228

TOTAL MEMBERS + NON MEMBERS 0.898 1.290

Unrestricted + center inc 1.153 1.173

TOTAL BY PROJECT 2.051 2.463Project 2: Genetic Resources Conservation and Characterization MEMBERS

European Commission 0.457 0.425

Germany 0.024 0.000

Luxembourg 0.063 0.058



NON MEMBERS

IBRD 0.119 0.228

Unidentified 0.005 0.000




TOTAL BY PROJECT 1.114 1.186Project 3: Germplasm Enhancement and Crop Improvement MEMBERS

Austria 0.200 0.422

Belgium 0.487 0.400

Denmark 0.024 0.025

European Commission 0.777 0.723

FAO 0.000 0.043


Germany 0.460 0.135

Korea, Republic of 0.097 0.030


Netherlands 0.017 0.000

Peru 0.040 0.000

Rockefeller Foundation 0.132 0.117

Spain 0.000 0.410

Sweden 0.038 0.000



NON MEMBERS

ASARECA 0.096 0.115

CIAT 0.808 0.530

Generation/CP 0.320 0.223


McKnight Foundation 0.006 0.000





TOTAL BY PROJECT 7.379 5.695Project 4: Integrated Crop Management MEMBERS

Australia 0.000 0.154

Belgium 0.000 0.369

Canada 0.000 0.300

Denmark 0.069 0.000

Germany 0.418 0.050

IDRC 0.079 0.000

IFAD 0.345 0.265

Italy 0.151 0.141



New Zealand 0.000 0.200

OPEC Fund 0.063 0.000




NON MEMBERS

ASARECA 0.072 0.070

CIAT 0.120 0.109

Common Fund for Commodities 0.385 0.385



IBRD 0.033 0.075

ICARDA 0.027 0.000

IITA 0.070 0.030


Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 0.015 0.000





TOTAL BY PROJECT 4.662 6.627Project 5: Natural Resources Management MEMBERS

Canada 1.507 1.600


Peru 0.048 0.000



NON MEMBERS

SANREM 0.000 0.025




TOTAL BY PROJECT 2.439 2.418Project 6: Agriculture and Human Health MEMBERS

IDRC 0.071 0.159


NON MEMBERS





TOTAL BY PROJECT 0.267 0.515Project 7: Consortium for the Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion - CONDESAN

MEMBERS

FAO 0.007 0.000



NON MEMBERS

Global Environment Facility (GEF) 1.017 1.100

IBRD 0.230 0.050

IWMI 0.144 0.080






TOTAL BY PROJECT 2.125 1.887

Project 8: Global Mountain Program MEMBERS

Canada 0.390 0.284

FAO 0.035 0.000

Spain 0.018 0.000


NON MEMBERS




Project 9: Urban Harvest MEMBERS

Canada 0.063 0.043

IDRC 0.299 0.328


NON MEMBERS

IBRD 0.200 0.000







TOTAL BY CENTER 21.962 22.225


Table 7. Staff Composition: Internationally and Nationally Recruited Staff, 2005 - 2009

Staff Type 2005 (actual)

2006 (estimated)

2007 (proposal)

2008 (plan 1)

2009 (plan 2)

Internationally-Recruited Staff (IRS) 56 61 63 65 67

Other Staff 440 434 439 442 445

TOTAL BY CENTER 496 495 502 507 512

Table 8. Financial Position: Currency Structure of Expenditures, 2005-2007

(in $ million)

2005

(actual) 2006

(estimated) 2007

(proposal) Currency Amount US$Value %Share Amount US$Value %Share Amount US$Value %Share

Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) 1669.016 0.170 0.76% 1771.654 0.180 0.82% 1673.228 0.170 0.76%

Indian Rupee (INR) 14.817 0.328 1.48% 1.356 0.030 0.14% 1.808 0.040 0.18%

Kenyan Shilling (KES) 41.254 0.567 2.55% 61.516 0.845 3.85% 71.344 0.980 4.41%

Others (Others) 4.247 0.526 2.37% 4.287 0.531 2.42% 3.447 0.427 1.92%

Nuevo Sol (PEN) 25.054 7.154 32.19% 23.115 6.900 31.42% 23.450 7.000 31.50%

Philippine Peso (PHP) 7.221 0.136 0.61% 7.964 0.150 0.68% 7.964 0.150 0.67%

Uganda Shilling (UGX) 1727.049 0.948 4.27% 1729.950 0.950 4.33% 1821.000 1.000 4.50%

US Dollar (USD) 12.395 12.395 55.77% 12.376 12.376 56.35% 12.458 12.458 56.05%

TOTAL BY CENTER 22.224 100.00% 21.962 100.00% 22.225 100.00%


Table 9. Statements of Activities For the Year Ended December 31, 2005

(in $million)

Unrestricted Restricted Total Total

Temporary Challenge Programs 2005 2004

Revenue and Gains Grant Revenue 8.113 12.674 1.217 22.004 22.397

Other revenue and gains 0.293 0.000 0.000 0.293 0.279

Total revenue and gains 8.406 12.674 1.217 22.297 22.676

Expenses and Losses Program related expenses 5.239 12.674 1.217 19.130 18.758

Management and general expenses 4.063 0.000 0.000 4.063 3.951

Other losses expenses 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sub Total expenses and losses 9.302 12.674 1.217 23.193 22.709

Indirect cost recovery -0.969 0.000 0.000 -0.969 -1.151

Total expenses and losses 8.333 12.674 1.217 22.224 21.558 Net Surplus/(Deficit) from ordinary activities 0.073 0.000 0.000 0.073 1.118

Extraordinary Items 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

NET SURPLUS / (DEFICIT) 0.073 0.000 0.000 0.073 1.118

Object of Expenditures Personnel 5.041 3.955 0.273 9.269 9.572

Supplies and services 2.269 5.078 0.768 8.115 7.326

Collaboration/ Partnerships 0.000 2.204 0.067 2.271 2.058

Operational Travel 0.658 1.437 0.109 2.204 2.255

Depreciation 0.365 0.000 0.000 0.365 0.347

TOTAL BY CENTER 8.333 12.674 1.217 22.224 21.558


Table 10. Statements of Financial Position December 31, 2005

(in $million)

2005 2004 A S S E T S Current Assets Cash and cash equivalents 10.525 10.561 Investments 0.537 0.099 Accounts receivable Donor 3.524 3.582 Employees 0.160 0.259 Other CGIAR Centers 0.000 0.000 Others 0.240 0.215 Inventories 0.396 0.385 Prepaid expenses 0.267 0.333 Total current assets 15.649 15.434 Non-Current Assets Property, Plant and Equipment 2.768 2.745Investments 0.305 0.369Other Assets 0.000 0.000 Total Non-Current Assets 3.073 3.114TOTAL ASSETS 18.722 18.548 LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS Current Liabilites Overdraft/Short term Borrowings 0.000 0.000 Accounts payable Donor 4.586 3.508 Employees 0.000 0.000 Other CGIAR Centers 0.000 0.000 Others 5.746 6.295 Accruals 0.078 0.182 Total current liabilities 10.410 9.985Non-Current Liabilities Accounts payable Employees 0.073 0.061 Deferred Grant Revenue 0.000 0.000 Others 0.000 0.250 Total non-current liabilities 0.073 0.311 Total liabilities 10.483 10.296Net Assets Unrestricted Designated 2.512 2.598 Undesignated 5.727 5.654 Total Unrestricted Net Assets 8.239 8.252 Restricted 0.000 0.000 Total net assets 8.239 8.252 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS 18.722 18.548

International Potato Center

October 2006

2007–2009 andFinancing Plan for 2007

Medium-Term Plan

CIP

2

00

7-2

00

9 a

nd

Fin

anci

ng

Pla

n fo

r 2

00

7M

ediu

m-T

erm

Pla

n


C I P

CE

NT

RO

DE L

A P

AP

AThe International Potato Center (CIP) seeks to reduce poverty and achieve food security on a sustained basis in developing countries through scientific research and related activities on potato, sweetpotato, and other root and tuber crops, and on the improved management of natural resources in the Andes and other mountain areas.

The CIP VisionThe International Potato Center (CIP) will contribute to reducing poverty and hunger; improving human health; developing resilient, sustainable rural and urban livelihood systems; and improving access to the benefits of new and appropriate knowledge and technologies. CIP will address these challenges by convening and conducting research and supporting partnerships on root and tuber crops and on natural resources management in mountain systems and other less-favored areas where CIP can contribute to the achievement of healthy and sustainable human development.www.cipotato.org

CIP is supported by a group of governments, private foundations, and international and regional organizations known as the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). www.cgiar.org


C I P

CE

NT

RO

DE L

A P

AP

A

Date post:	14-Mar-2020
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	6 times
Download:	0 times

7 I NTER ACIO L O D E R L P Medium-Term Plan T N E A P A P...

Documents