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AMJ ENGINEERINGCONSULTANTS CO.,LTD.
PIPING SYSTEM
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CONTENT
1. PIPING STANDARD
2. VALVES3. EXPANSION ANDFLEXIBILITY
4. PIPE SUPPORTS
5. IDENTIFICATION OF
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PIPING STANDARD
THE DEFINITION
Piping
Tube or Tubing
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1. PIPING STANDARD
ASTM
American Society for Testingand Materials
ASTM A53
ASTM A106
ASTM B
88
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1. PIPING STANDARD
API
American Petroleum Institute
API 5L
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1. PIPING STANDARD
JIS
Japan Industrial Standard
JIS G 3452
JIS G 3454
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1. PIPING STANDARD
BS (EN STANDARD)
British Standard
BS 1387
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1. PIPING STANDARD
Standard Pipe Sized
Diameters of12 inch and less
standard weight pipe
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Proertiesof Commercial Steel Pi eNominal Wall inside
pipesize,outside a b c thickness,in diameter,indeameter,in
4 5S 0.083 4.334
4.500 10S 0.120 4.260
0.188 4.12440 Std 40S 0.237 4.026
80 XS 80S 0.337 3.826
120 0.437 3.626
0.500 3.500
160 0.531 3.438
XXS 0.674 3.152
0.800 2.900
0.925 2.650
Schedulenumber*
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1. PIPING STANDARD
Standard Pipe Sized
Over 12 inch
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Pr r r Pi ( ninud)
Nominal Wall inside
pipesize,outside a b c t ickness,in diameter,in
deameter,in
16 5 0165 15670
16000 10 0188 15624
10 0250 15500
20 0 12 15 76
0 td 0 75 15250
40 0500 15000
60 0656 14688
80 084 14 14100 10 1 1 8
120 1218 1 564
140 14 7 1 126
160 15 12814
cedulenumber*
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1. PIPING STANDARD
Piping Fabrication Methods
Electrical-Fusion Welding
Electric Resistance Welding (4inch OD and under)
Submerged-Are ElectricWelding (24 inch OD to 36inchOD)
Seamless Tubing and Pipe
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1. PIPING STANDARD
Piping Fabrication Methods
Forged, Turned and BoredTubing
Hollow-Forged Pipe andTubing
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1. PIPING STANDARD
Carbon-steel piping
ASTM A53
- Pressure limited at 600lb/in2 and high
temp.- Grade A (More ductile, lessstrength)
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1. PIPING STANDARD
Carbon-steel piping
ASTM A106- Pressure limited at 2500
lb/in2
- Grade A (More ductile, lessstrength)
-
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1. PIPING STANDARD
Chromium-molybdinum steelASTM A335 , Grade P11
- Temperature limited at 1000oF
ASTM A335 , Grade P22
- For temperatures from 950to 1050oF
ASTM A335 , Grade 5
-
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1. PIPING STANDARD
Chromium stainless steels
ASTM A3
12
, Grade TP3
04
ASTM A312, Grade TP316
ASTM A312, Grade TP347
- Temperature limited at1200oF
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1. PIPING STANDARD
Cast-iron and Ductile-Iron
pipe
ANSI 21.50(AWWA C150)
- Use for Water, Gas,Sewage, Drains etc.
- Underground and
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2. VALVES
Classification of Valves byMaterial
Brass
- Diameter 3 inch andsmaller
ASTM B61(Bronze Casting)
- Maximum temperature at500oF
ASTM B62 (CompositionBrass or Ounce MetalCasting)
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2. VALVES
Classification of Valves byMaterial
Cast Iron
ASTM A126
- Diameter 2 inch and larger
- Limited pressure at 500lb/in for 12 inch andlarger
-
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2. VALVES
Classification of Valves byMaterial
Cast Steel and Forged Steel- High temperature (>500oF)
- High strength- High ductility
- Shock resistance
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2. VALVES
Classification of Valves byTypes
Globe Type- Metal disc
- Plug disc
- Composition disc
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2. VALVES
Classification of Valves byTypes
Gate Type (Methods ofOperation)
- Outside screw and yoke(O.S. and Y)
- Inside screw, nonrisingstem
- Inside screw, rising stem
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2. VALVES
Classification of Valves byTypes
Gate Type (Disc Design)- The wedge-disc design
- The double-disc design
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2. VALVES
Classification of Valves byTypes
Check valve- Swing Check Valve
- Lift Check Valve
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2. VALVES
Valves Selection
Globe valves should be usedfor throttling services.
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2. VALVES
Valves Selection
For minimum pressure dropuse a gate valve
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2. VALVES
Valves Selection
If pressure drop is notimportant, a globe valve is
generally preferred because it
is easier to keep tightand repair than a gate valve.
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2. VALVES
Valves Selection
A safety or relief valve shouldalways be selected on the
basis of capacity, not on the
pipe size.
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2. VALVES
Installation
Always install a metal discglobe-type valve with the
pressure above disc, except
where it would bedangerous if the disc became
separated from the stem,
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2. VALVES
Installation
Composition disc valves willgive longer disc service if
installed with the pressure
under the disc.
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2. VALVES
Installation
When it is necessary to
throttle a valve to anextremely low flow, but where
a large volume of flow is
sometimes required, it isdesirable to install a valve,
proper for the maximum
flow in the line, with a by-pass
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2. VALVES
Installation
When screwing a valve on apiece of pipe, always put
wrench on the end of the valve
toward the pipe.
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2. VALVES
Installation
Never use a swing check valvein a vertical line unless the
normal flow is upward.
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2. VALVES
Installation
Always install a relief valve onthe outlet side of a pressure
regulator.
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2. VALVES
Installation
In a steam line, or any servicewhere condensation can
collect, be sure to pitch the
line downward toward thepoint of drainage.
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2. VALVES
Installation
Never support the weight ofpipe on wood or attach it at
any point to a wooden support.
If you do, the expansion andcontraction of the pipe may
cause severe noises.
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2. VALVES
Installation
It is unwise to use solderjoints in a line used for gas,
oil, or other flammable fluid.
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2. VALVES
Maintenance
All exposed moving parts,
such as the stem threadsand yoke sleeve of an O.S.&Y
valve, the fulcrum pins oflever-operated valves, and
all accessible points of friction,
should be lubricated.
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2. VALVES
Maintenance
Stuffing boxed should be
tightened when they beginto leak. If leakage continues,
the packing should bereplaced at the first
opportunity.
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2. VALVES
Maintenance
Any known valve seat leakage
should be examined andthe parts repaired as soon as
practicable.
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2. VALVES
Maintenance
If a globe-type valve disc
vibrates, it has probablebeen installed with the
pressure below the
disc. If so, the vibration can
generally be stopped by
removing the valve and
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2. VALVES
Operation
No valve should ever be closed
quickly in a liquid line. To do somight cause serious water
hammer unless proper air
chambers or shock absorbers
have been installed in the line.
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2. VALVES
Operation
If a valve is so hard to operate
that a persuader isrequired on the wheel, be sure
the persuader is not long
enough to damage the valve
parts.
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2. VALVES
Operation
If a valve is back-seated in the
open position and left longenough for the stem to cool andcontract, the load created by
the contraction may bind thevalve to a point where it cannotbe opened. If it is an OS & Y
valve, the yoke arms can be
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2. VALVES
Operation
Never throttle with a gate
valve, except in an emergency.
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2. VALVES General purpose valves
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3. EXPANSION AND
FLEXIBILITY Piping systems designed
- Will not fail because of
excessive stress.
- Will not produce excessive
thrusts or moments atconnected equipment.
- Will not leak at joints because
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3. EXPANSION AND
FLEXIBILITY Selection of Expansion joints
1. Pipe size
2. Temperature (minimum,
maximum and operating) ,
3. Pressure (minimum,maximum, operating and
test) ,
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3. EXPANSION AND
FLEXIBILITY Selection of Expansion joints
4. Medium handled (internally
or externally),
5. Traverse (axial)
6. Traverse (misalignment)
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3. EXPANSION AND
FLEXIBILITY Selection of Expansion joints
7. Type and schedule of end
flanges or schedule of weldends required.
8. Any limitations as to lengthor diameter.
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3. EXPANSION AND
FLEXIBILITY Installation of Expansion Joints
- Anchoring
- Guiding
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3. EXPANSION AND
FLEXIBILITY
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4. PIPE SUPPORTS
Suggested hanger spans
Pipe stresses
- For steel pipe are based on acombined bending andshear stress of1500psi
Deflection
- 1/10inch (2.54mm)
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4. PIPE SUPPORTS
Suggested hanger spans
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4. PIPE SUPPORTS
Suggested hanger spans
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4. PIPE SUPPORTS
Suggested hanger spans
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4. PIPE SUPPORTS
Suggested hanger spans
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4. PIPE SUPPORTS
Recommended hanger locations
Near concentrated load
Near horizontal changes in
direction
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4. PIPE SUPPORTS
Recommended hanger locations
Riser hangers
- 3/4 of span from the top
- 1/2 of span from the bottom
- Every floor
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4. PIPE SUPPORTS
Type of Hanger and Support
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4. PIPE SUPPORTS
Type of Hanger and Support
4 PIPE SUPPORTS
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4. PIPE SUPPORTS Type of Hanger and Support
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4. PIPE SUPPORTS Type of Hanger and Support
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5. IDENTIFICATION OF
PIPING Scheme for the Identification ofPiping Systems (ANSI A13.1-1981)
Class : F - Fire protectionequipment
Color : Red
...
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5. IDENTIFICATION OF
PIPING Scheme for the Identification ofPiping Systems (ANSI A13.1-1981)
Class : D - Dangerous materialsColor : Yellow (or Orange)
...
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5. IDENTIFICATION OF
PIPING Scheme for the Identification ofPiping Systems (ANSI A13.1-1981)Class : S - Safe materials
Color : Green (or theachromatic colors, white,
black, gray or aluminum)
...
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5. IDENTIFICATION OF
PIPING Scheme for the Identification ofPiping Systems (ANSI A13.1-1981)
Class : P - Protective materialsColor : Bright blue
...
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5. IDENTIFICATION OF
PIPING Scheme for the Identification ofPiping Systems (ANSI A13.1-1981)
Class : V - Extra valuablematerials
Color : Deep purple
...