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Codes

&

Standards

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Lesson Objectives

When you finish this lesson you willunderstand:• Codes and Standards and Standards

Writing Bodies• Welding Procedure Development and

Qualifications

Learning Activities

1 !ead "and#oo$

%1&'%(%& )iew Slides*

+ !ead ,otes-

% .isten to lecture

/ Do on'line

wor$#oo$ ( Do homewor$ 

Keywords

Codes- Specifications- !ecommended Practices- 0uides-Classifications- ethods- 2,S3- 3S4- Welding Procedure

Specification 5WPS6- Procedure Qualification !ecord 5PQ!6-

Welder Performance Qualification

Codes and Standards

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Standards that Impact Fabrication

Types of Standards

Codes are generally applicable to processes

and indicate the mandatory use of materials or

actions

Specifications are generally associated witha product and indicate the mandatory use of

materials or actions

Recommended practices and guides are

offered primarily as aids to the user  Classifications and methods provide lists of

established practices or categories for

processes or products

Introduction

0.1.1.6.0.T1.95.12

Shallwill

Shallwill

Shouldmay

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!his !able

is in the

"elding

#andboo$ 

Code "riting Agencies

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Standards that Impact Fabrication

What is Covered by Standards

Products

Piping !merican Petroleum "nstitute

#iller metals !merican $elding %ociety

%hips !merican &ureau of %hipping

Pressure vessels and boilers !merican %ociety of

'echanical (ngineers

&ridges !merican "nstitute of %teel )onstruction

*ealth + %afety Terminology

Testing Procedures

Introduction

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Standards that Impact Fabrication

 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) )oordinating organi,ation for the -.%. voluntary

standards system

There are approimately 10/000 !merican ational

%tandards/ which encompass nearly every field and

discipline  !%" standards are developed and used voluntarily they

become mandatory when adopted or referenced by a

governmental body

Introduction

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International Organiation for Standardiation (ISO)

3 (stablishment of -niform %tandards for "nternational Trade

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Standards that Impact Fabrication

International Organiation for Standards (ISO)

40 countries/ 000 standards/ !%" is the -.%.

representative

"%7 9000900 8!%"!%:) :90; is a series of <uality

management and assurance standards in manufacturing =esigned for manufacturing sector 

() has adopted "%7 9000 and prefers -% suppliers

that are "%7 9000 certified

=o=/ =uPont/ '/ !T+T are as>ing suppliers to comply

with "%7 9000

"%7 4 #actors to be )onsidered $hen !ssessing

#irms -sing $elding as a Prime 'eans of #abrication

%roessional Society Standards

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Standards that Impact Fabrication

!ealth " Safety 

 !%"!%) ?9.11944 %afety in $elding and )utting

"ncluded in the #eneral Industry Standards of 7%*!

%pecifically covers arc/ oyfuel gas/ resistance welding

*ealth and %afety in $elding and !llied Processes thedition/ ed. .). &alchin and *. @. )astner/

'cAraw*ill "nc. 199

#ealth and Saety

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Standards that Impact Fabrication

 American Welding Society (AWS) Standards

=efinitions and %ymbols 8!;

#iller 'etals 8!5;

:ualification and Testing 8&/ )/ and =;

$elding Processes 8);

$elding !pplications 8=;

%roessional Society Standards

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Standards that Impact Fabrication

$efinitions and Symbols

 !%"!$% !2. %ymbols for $elding/ &ra,ing/ and

ondestructive (amination

)ommunication between designers and fabricators

Boint geometry/ weld contour/ surface finish

 !%"!$% !.0 %tandard $elding Terms and

=efinitions

%tandard terms for use in written and oral communication

conveying materials Coining information

onstandard terms

%roessional Society Standards

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Standards that Impact Fabrication

 ANSI%AWS $&'& Structural Welding Code Steel 

Auidelines for design of welded Coints as well as

pre<ualified Coint geometries

%tatically loaded structures

=ynamically loaded structures

Tubular sections

=etails the processes used with particular Coints

*ow to <ualify welding procedures and personnel

7utlines <uality and inspection in welded construction #iller metal recommendations

%roessional Society Standards

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Standards that Impact Fabrication

 AWS $&'& re*ualified +oint $esign

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%roessional Society Standards

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Standards that Impact Fabrication

 AST, (American Society for Testing and ,aterials)

%pecifications cover virtually all materials used in industry

and commerce/ but not welding consumables

 !nnual &oo> of !%T' %tandards/ 15 sections 865

volumes; 1 "ron and %teel

2 onferrous

'etal test methods and analytical procedures

%pecification of groups of similar steel 8!;  !6 general construction steels

 !4D chromiummolybdenum steel for elevatedtemperature

service in piping and pressure vessel systems

%roessional Society Standards

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Standards that Impact Fabrication

 American Society of

,echanical -ngineers (AS,-)

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code has 11 sections and is

referenced by most states/ maCor cities in the -.%./ )anadian

provinces/ a number of federal agencies

&efore fabricating a boiler or pressure vessel/ a company

must have a <uality control system and a manual describing

it

 !%'( issues a )ertificate of !uthori,ation and a code symbol stamp

-ni<ue in that it re<uired rd party inspection independent offabricator and user 

-ses same steel designations as !%T'

%roessional Society Standards

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Standards that Impact Fabrication

.oiler and ressure /essel Code

%ection "" 'aterials %pecifications for base metals/ filler

metals/ flues

%ection E ondestructive (amination

%ection "F $elding and &ra,ing :ualifications forpersonnel and procedures

=elineates a P number grouping of steels for the purpose of

welding <ualification

P1 carbonmanganese steels with a minimum -T% of 590 >si P5 alloy steels with 2.259G chromium/ H10G total alloy

 !ll steels within a P number can be welded with the same

procedure

%roessional Society Standards

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Standards that Impact Fabrication

Other Standards

 !merican Petroleum "nstitute 8!P"; %tandard 110

$elding of Pipelines and @elated #acilities

:ualifications of $elding Procedures and $elders

"nspection and nondestructive testing

@epair and removal of defects

-nified umbering %ystem 8-%;

)ross references the numbering systems from different

countries

7ver 500 metals/ alloys/ and filler metals

=esignated %!( *%B1046 !%T' =%56

%roessional Society Standards

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!urn to the person sitting ne't to you and discuss () min*+,

• "hat does being a -third party consensus standards

writing body. mean/

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0ualiication

&

Certiication

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"elding %rocedure Speciication ("%S+

%rocedure 0ualiication 1ecord (%01+

"elder %erormance 0ualiication2Certiication

A document that provides in detail re3uired welding

conditions or a speciic application*

A record o actual welding conditions used to produce anacceptable test joint and the results o the 3ualiication tests*

A record o a welder4s or welding operator4s ability to produce

welded joints that meet prescribed standards

 

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%re20ualiied %rocedures(Some Codes %ermit 2 5'ample A"S 6)*) Code+

7ased on the reliability o certain proven procedures

spelled out by the applicable code or speciication

• 8se "ritten %rocedures From Code

• All 5ssential 9ariable Speciied

• "eld 0ualiication !ests :ot 1e3uired

• 5mployer Accepts 1esponsibility or 8se

• 6eviations :egate %re3ualiied Status

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7asic Steps in 0ualiication o a %rocedure

)* %repare a preliminary "%S;* %repare and weld a suitable test weldment using "%S

<* Conduct re3uired :6! and 6estructive !ests

=* 5valuate 1esults o prep> welding> testing

?* 6ocument results on %01 

@* Issue approved %01 

* Issue approved "%S

%01 "%S 9 i bl C id d

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%01 2 "%S 9ariables Considered

• 7ase Betal

• "elding %rocess

• Filler Betal• !ype o Current1ange

• 9oltage

• #eat Input

• !ravel Speed• oint 6esign and !olerances

• oint and Surace %rep

• !ac$ "eldDrind O/

• "elding 6etails

• 5lectrode SiEe• %asses

•"eave

• %osition

• %reheat and Interpass• %eening

• Second Side %rep

• %ost "eld #eat !reat

• 1ecords (I 1e3uired+

Chec$ Speciic Code or List o 5ssential 9ariables(5ssential 9ariable Bust 7e Included in the "%S+

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%01 

%age )

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%01 

%age ;

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!ests Commonly 8sed or %014s

!est 5valuation

7racture 8ests

5Charpy- C4D- Drop6

!is$ of Brittle 7racture at 9se

8emperature

 ,ic$'#rea$ Determine Weld Soundness

7ree Bend Ductility of Weld etal

Shear 8est Shear Strength of 7illet Welds

"ardness 2deuacy of "eat 8reatment2ll'Weld'etal 8ension echanical Prop of W

;levated 8emp Prop at ;lev Service 8emp

!estraint 8est Crac$ Suscepti#ility

Corrosion Prop 3n 2ggressive ;nviron

 ,D; Soundness of WeldDelayed Crac$ing !esistance to " Crac$ing

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"%S

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"elder %erormance 0ualiication

9ariables• "elding %rocess

• Filler Betal

• %osition

• oint 6etails• !hic$ness

• !echni3ue

(0ualiying in a more diicult position

may 3ualiy in an easier position+

6uration O 0ualiication

6ependent upon Code

(8sually inactivity o < to @ months re3uired re3ualiication+

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%erormance0ualiication

1ecord

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"elding %rocedure and %er&ormance 0uali&ication 9ariable !hat Bay 1e3uire 1e3uali&ication

%rocedure 9ariable %rocedure 1e3uali&ication

Bay 7e 1e3uired

"elder or Operator

1e3uali&ication

Base 1etal 58ype-Composition- Process6

Change in B1- Some Codes.ist ;:uivalencies

9sually ,ot !e:uired

8hic$ness of B1 Change 4utside 8hic$ness

!ange

Change 4utside !ange

<oint Design Change in !oot- 3ncluded

2ngle- Dimensions

Change in !oot- 3ncluded

2ngle- Dimensions

Pipe Diameter 9sually ,ot !e:uired When !educed Below Some1inimum

8ype of Current- Polarity 9sually ,ot !e:uired 9sually ,ot !e:uired

;lectrode Classification- Si=e Change in ;lectrode

Classification or si=e

Change in ;lectrode

Classification or si=e

Welding Current When 4utside !ange 9sually ,ot !e:uired

Position- Progression 9sually not !e:uired- ButDesira#le

When Change ;>ceeds .imits

Deposition of 7iller 1etal 7or 1ar$ed Changes 9sually ,ot !e:uired

!oot Prep - 4ther Side When 1ethod or ;>tent "asChanged

9sually ,ot !e:uired

Preheat- 3nterpass 8emp When 4utside !ange 9sually ,ot !e:uired

Postheat 8emp When 4utside !ange 9sually ,ot !e:uired

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1un the -"elding %rocedure Speciication.

rom the -6emonstration %age. o the "5<GG

"eb %age

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%lease do Assignment )=