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Network Planning, Dimensioning,Operation
Olli KnuuttilaTechnology Manager MSc (EE), [email protected]
• T-110.300 Telecommunications architectures• Lectures on 29.11.2001• Introduction to Network planning, dimensioning, operation
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Contents
• Network planning– Components– Coverage
• Dimensioning– Capacity
• Operation
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Network Planning• NSS - Network Switching Subsystem• BSS - Base Station Subsystem• Transmission network BSS
MSCHLR
EIR
BSCBTS
BTS
TRAU
BSS
BTS
VLR
Customer care & Billing system
AuC
MSCNSS VLR
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NSS (Network Switching Subsystem)
• Customer parameters• characteristic traffic/subscriber• MOC (Mobile Originated Calls)• MTC (Mobile Terminated Calls)characteristic traffic/subscriber: 25 mErl
outgoing calls: 70 %outgoing mobile calls (own net): 20 %outgoing mobile calls (other net): 10 %outgoing PSTN: 66 %outgoing voice mail calls: 4 %
incoming calls: 30 %incoming mobile calls (own net): 20 %incoming mobile calls (other net) 10 %incoming PSTN calls: 51 %incoming voice mail calls: 19 %
25 mErl means:Traffic / 1000 subs1000 * 25 m = 25 (Erl)
1 subs talk time during Busy Hour25 m * 3600 = 90 (s)
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NSS Dimensioning50 000 subs, 25 mErl, MOC/MTC (70%/30%)=> 50 000 * 0,025 = 1250 (Erl)Mobile Originated Calls: 875 Erl and Mobile Terminated Calls: 375 Erl
35 Erl (voice mail)
578 Erl (PSTN)
875 Erl 665 Erl 88 Erl (2. oper mobile)
1. op.MSC: 50 000 subscribers231 Erl 38 Erl (2. Oper. mobile)
375 Erl193 Erl (PSTN)
31 Erl (voice mail)
Traffic component # 1 175 Erl
#1
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100 000
200 000
300 000
400 000
500 000
600 000
700 000
1971
1975
1980
1985
1990
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
2000
ARPNMT3. GENEst totalActual
Estimated (1983/PTT) and Actual Subs Figures
Actual figures1993 500 0001994 700 0001995 1 000 0001996 1 500 0001997 2 200 0001998 3 000 000
Source: Tekniikka&Talous
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Network Topology
CITY AMSC - INVLRHLRVMSSMSC
CITY BMSCVLRVMS
CITY CMSCVLRVMS
PSTN
PSTN
PSTN
MSC Initial UltimateCity A 25 000 150 000City B 75 000 150 000City C 50 000 150 000
MSC Capacity
PO:95%, PT: 60%, Intra-MSC: 80%
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Tentative IN Topology
CITY AMSC (STP)SSP
SCP
GW
CITY BMSC(STP)SSP
CITY CMSC (STP)SSP
GW
HLR
Signalling / DataVoice + SignallingBackup, Fibre / VSAT
GW
IP(s)SCE
PSTN
SMS
PSTN
PSTN
BILLING BASED ONPre-paid: (IN) SignallingPost-paid: CDR (Call Detail Record)
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Base Station SubsystemTypically• 60 - 80 % of the Investment
Cell
TRX 1TRX 2TRX 3TRX 4TRX 5TRX 6
BTS
Fq 1, 7
Fq 3, 9
TS 0 TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 7TS 6TS 5
TRX: 8 timeslots
Signalling Traffic
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Erlang B FormulaErlang loss formulae
Prob. loss 0,001 0,002 0,005 0,010 0,020 0,030 0,050 0,070 0,100 0,200No.of lines
1 0,001 0,002 0,005 0,010 0,020 0,031 0,053 0,075 0,111 0,2502 0,046 0,065 0,105 0,153 0,223 0,282 0,381 0,470 0,595 1,0003 0,194 0,249 0,349 0,455 0,602 0,715 0,899 1,057 1,271 1,9304 0,439 0,535 0,701 0,869 1,092 1,259 1,525 1,748 2,045 2,9455 0,762 0,900 1,132 1,361 1,657 1,875 2,218 2,504 2,881 4,0106 1,146 1,325 1,622 1,909 2,276 2,543 2,960 3,305 3,758 5,1097 1,579 1,798 2,157 2,501 2,935 3,250 3,738 4,139 4,666 6,2308 2,051 2,311 2,730 3,128 3,627 3,987 4,543 4,999 5,597 7,3699 2,557 2,855 3,333 3,783 4,345 4,748 5,370 5,879 6,546 8,522
10 3,092 3,427 3,961 4,461 5,084 5,529 6,216 6,776 7,511 9,68511 3,651 4,022 4,610 5,160 5,842 6,328 7,076 7,687 8,487 10,85712 4,231 4,637 5,279 5,876 6,615 7,141 7,950 8,610 9,474 12,03613 4,831 5,270 5,964 6,607 7,402 7,967 8,835 9,543 10,470 13,22214 5,446 5,919 6,663 7,352 8,200 8,803 9,730 10,485 11,473 14,41315 6,077 6,582 7,376 8,108 9,010 9,650 10,633 11,434 12,484 15,60816 6,722 7,258 8,100 8,875 9,828 10,505 11,544 12,390 13,500 16,80717 7,378 7,946 8,834 9,652 10,656 11,368 12,461 13,353 14,522 18,01018 8,046 8,644 9,578 10,437 11,491 12,238 13,385 14,321 15,548 19,21619 8,724 9,351 10,331 11,230 12,333 13,115 14,315 15,294 16,579 20,42420 9,411 10,068 11,092 12,031 13,182 13,997 15,249 16,271 17,613 21,63521 10,108 10,793 11,860 12,838 14,036 14,885 16,189 17,253 18,651 22,84822 10,812 11,525 12,635 13,651 14,896 15,778 17,132 18,238 19,692 24,06423 11,524 12,265 13,416 14,470 15,761 16,675 18,080 19,227 20,737 25,28124 12,243 13,011 14,204 15,295 16,631 17,577 19,031 20,219 21,784 26,49925 12,969 13,763 14,997 16,125 17,505 18,483 19,985 21,215 22,833 27,72026 13,701 14,522 15,795 16,959 18,383 19,392 20,943 22,212 23,885 28,94127 14,439 15,285 16,598 17,797 19,265 20,305 21,904 23,213 24,939 30,16428 15,182 16,054 17,406 18,640 20,150 21,221 22,867 24,216 25,995 31,38829 15,930 16,828 18,218 19,487 21,039 22,140 23,833 25,221 27,053 32,61430 16,684 17,606 19,034 20,337 21,932 23,062 24,802 26,228 28,113 33,84031 17,442 18,389 19,854 21,191 22,827 23,987 25,773 27,238 29,174 35,06732 18,205 19,176 20,678 22,048 23,725 24,914 26,746 28,249 30,237 36,29533 18,972 19,966 21,505 22,909 24,626 25,844 27,721 29,262 31,301 37,52434 19,743 20,761 22,336 23,772 25,529 26,776 28,698 30,277 32,367 38,75435 20,517 21,559 23,169 24,638 26,435 27,711 29,677 31,293 33,434 39,98536 21,296 22,361 24,006 25,507 27,343 28,647 30,657 32,311 34,503 41,21637 22,078 23,166 24,846 26,378 28,254 29,585 31,640 33,330 35,572 42,44838 22,864 23,974 25,689 27,252 29,166 30,526 32,624 34,351 36,643 43,680
TRX in cell Traffic timeslots1 72 143 224 305 376 457 53
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BSS CapacityConfiguration Erl Subscribers (25 mErl, 2% congestion)1+1+1 8,7 348 pcs (= 8,7 / 25 m)2+2+2 24,6 984 pcs3+3+3 44,7 1788 pcs
1 TRX => 2+2+2 TRX Above 2+2+2 TRX … upto 12.. 16 TRX / cell
Typical Cabinet Configurations:
…..
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Convergence in Circuit and PacketSwitched
GSM
MSC/ VLR
SGSN GGSN
PLMNs
IP-networks
BTSBTS
BTS
BSC
HLR
GPRSPacket switched
Circuit switched
RNRN
RN
RNC
IMT-2000
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Traffic Animation
0
12
3
4
56
7
8
Time
Tim
e sl
ot
GPRSSpeech
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Grid & Hexagonal Planning
• Very often too theoretical approach
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Capacity Distribution
City3000=> 3 BTS
Harbor1000
Block A2000
Block C2000=> 2 BTS
Block B2000=> 2 BTS
Airport2000
A) MapB) Digital map + Planning Tool
Dense Urban 20 Erl / km2
Industry 10 Erl / km2
Urban 15 Erl / km2
Semi-open 5 Erl / km2
Suburban 10 Erl / km2
Terrain type Traffic
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BSS Topology
MissionOffice
Hotel
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BSS Transmission
Picture: Nokia
BSC
BTS
BTS
TRAU= Transcoder
MSC
BSS
BTS
NSS
16 kbps 64 kbps
BTSBTS
BTS
2 Mbps PCM= 10 .. 12 TRX(due to used signalling data rate)
BSC
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Transmission
BSC
BTSBTSBTSBTS
BTS
BTS +HubBTS
BTSBTS
n x 2M
STM 1..4
STM 4 .. 16
Typical setup•Rural BTS 2M multidrop•BTS access n x 2M•BTS hub STM 1 .. 4•BSC + CORE STM 4 .. 16
Distance e.g. 20 .. 60 km
Transmission failure => coverage loss for tens of km
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Indicative transmission need per macrocellbase station
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Single bandGSM
Dual bandGSM
EDGE WCDMA
highlow
Mbps per site
Source: Nokia
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CDMA: Soft Handover
RNC
UE
BS
SOFT HANDOVER : + Macro Diversity+ Redundancy- Transmission Overhead
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Coverage PlanningLink Budget
PropagationModels:• Okumura - Hata• Juul- Nyholm• COST 231
Frequency: 900 MHz Nominal planBS type: without TMA
UL DLRECEIVING END unit BS MSRX-sensitivity dBm -106 -102,0Connector, cable etc. loss dB 3 0,0RX antenna gain dBi 17 0,0Diversity gain dB 3 0,0User margin dBMin isotropic power dB -123,0 -102,0
TRANSMITTING END MS BSTX output peak power dBm 33,0 43Combiner loss dB 0,0 3Connector, cable etc. loss dB 0,0 3TX antenna gain dB 0,0 17User margin dBPeak EIRP dBm 33 54Isotropic path loss dB 156,0 156,0Unbalance dB 0,0
GSM specs:BS -104 dBm
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Propagation
City
Harbor
Block A
Block C
Block B
Airport
• BTS Configuration• Topology• Morphology (Terrain Type)
Dense Urban
Industry
Urban
Semi-open
Suburban
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Network Planning Tool • 3D maps, propagation models• Connection to Field Measurement Tool• Connection to OMC data
Without TMPA With TMPA
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f = 1, 4, 7, 11
Excellent indoor coverage Numerous fading / shadow areas
Coverage Planning - Umbrella Cells
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f = 1, 4, 7, 11
Excellent indoor coverage
Coverage - Capacity
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Site Survey
• Coverage• Cabinet Space• Installation Assets• Transmission• Security• Power Supply - backup batteries, generators, cooling(GSM BTS: ~ 1 kW, UMTS BS: ~ 3 kW)
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Frequency Planning
•Licensed•Regulated Resource
Source: Viestintävirasto
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Sector 1:1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31
Sector 2:3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33
Sector 3:5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35
Capacity Handling - Bandwidth
• Bandwidth e.g. 8 MHz = 40 CH• 100 km2 city area, traffic demand 100 Erl / km2• Macro cells Micro / indoor cells
–6+6+6 TRX - 3+3+3 TRX–94 sites - 223 sites–re-use 7,1 !!! - re-use 16,7
• Indoor / multiband solutions give capacity
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INDOOR COVERAGE
OUTDOOR COVERAGE
10 TRX:1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28
• 10 TRX / 1 Site• ~ 80 Erl / 100 km2• Poor Indoor Coverage• Very Poor Carrier Reuse• Excellent Trunking Efficiency
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INDOOR COVERAGE
OUTDOOR COVERAGE
• 60 TRX / 5 Sites• ~ 480 Erl / 100 km2• Excellent Indoor Coverage• Carrier Reuse e.g. 12 .. 9• Good Trunking Efficiency
1, 4, 7, 10
1, 4, 7, 10
1, 4, 7, 10
4+4+4 TRX
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Network Operation• Critical Quality Counters
CALL SUCCESS Typical Target Values• Call Connection Success Rate > 95%• Dropped Call Rate < 5%
HANDOVER SUCCESS• Handover Success Rate > 95%
CONGESTION• Call Attempt Success Rate 1%, 2%, … 5%
QUALITY• Customer Perceived Quality (Downlink)
BER < 6,4%, 95% of time
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TEMS• Test Mobile Station - customer perceived QoS
Source: Ericsson
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Summary
• Network planning– Components– Coverage
• Dimensioning– Capacity
• Operation
SOLUTIONCombination of• Business Plan• Technology
10 024 000
4 466 992
0
2 000 000
4 000 000
6 000 000
8 000 000
10 000 000
12 000 000
02.99 04.99 06.99 08.99 10.99 12.99 02.00 04.00 06.00
i-Mode / Japan
