9 th International Scientific Conference MOBILITA ‘04 Bratislava , May 6-7, 200 4

9th International Scientific ConferenceMOBILITA ‘04

Bratislava, May 6-7, 2004

CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO URBAN CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO URBAN TRANSPORT POLICYTRANSPORT POLICY

Prof. Dr. Sanja Steiner, Prof. Dr. Mario Anzek

University of ZagrebFaculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering

9th International Scientific Conference MOBILITA ‘04Bratislava, May 6-7, 2004

TRANSITION COUNTRIES TRANSPORT POLICIES

VERSUS EU-ENLARGEMENT

Key problems in strategy planning – transition Key problems in strategy planning – transition sindromsindrom

European transport policy overview – useful European transport policy overview – useful lessons and given frameworklessons and given framework

National transport strategy goals – “de iure” and National transport strategy goals – “de iure” and “de facto”“de facto”

Development guidelines for futureDevelopment guidelines for future


Strategical transport planning in transition Strategical transport planning in transition countries is based on the main political goal of countries is based on the main political goal of joining the European Union. joining the European Union.

The legal framework and best practices of EU The legal framework and best practices of EU transport sector are the backbone for their transport sector are the backbone for their transport strategy conceptions.transport strategy conceptions.

In transport development projection assessment In transport development projection assessment of social and economical benefits as well as of social and economical benefits as well as negative impacts of transport industry on negative impacts of transport industry on environment and external transport costs is environment and external transport costs is necessary. necessary.


The transport policy in Croatia:The transport policy in Croatia:

shows inconsistency and fragmentation by shows inconsistency and fragmentation by transport branchestransport branches

has no clear development concepts at the has no clear development concepts at the system levelsystem level

has no comprehensive has no comprehensive goalsgoals and and consideration of real conditionsconsideration of real conditions

is exclusively based on financial sources of is exclusively based on financial sources of public sector (government budget)public sector (government budget)..


There is a lack of inter-departmental co-operation and consequentlly a lack of solving critical issues of:

restructuring the unprofitable state companies in the transport sector irrational management of transport infrastructure absence of equal market conditions for all transport branches failure to apply of traffic management principles by demand induction failure to assess the external transport costs.


The legal problem refers toThe legal problem refers to::

non-compliant regulations in the process of non-compliant regulations in the process of economic transition (transition to the free economic transition (transition to the free market) market)

lack of lack of harmonisationharmonisation with the EU regulations. with the EU regulations.


In the attempts to separate the regulatory and In the attempts to separate the regulatory and operationaloperational functions, the newly founded state functions, the newly founded state owned companies (Croatia Control, Croatian Roads, owned companies (Croatia Control, Croatian Roads, Croatian Railways etc.) have been left without the Croatian Railways etc.) have been left without the commercial management, and at the same time the commercial management, and at the same time the regulatory domain of the authorities within the regulatory domain of the authorities within the respective ministry has been reduced.respective ministry has been reduced.

IIn the analysis of infrastructure, the main n the analysis of infrastructure, the main characteristiccharacteristics ares are the overcapacity compared to the the overcapacity compared to the traffic demandtraffic demand and qualitative and qualitative insufficiency insufficiency expressed in the service level and exploitation expressed in the service level and exploitation characteristicscharacteristics..


EU Common Transport PolicyEU Common Transport Policy objectivesobjectives: :

forming of a Trans-European networkforming of a Trans-European network fair pricing in transportfair pricing in transport environmental protectionenvironmental protection transport safetytransport safety social cohesionsocial cohesion stronger internal market andstronger internal market and stronger external dimension of a single market.stronger external dimension of a single market.


In spite of declared readiness by EU members, the In spite of declared readiness by EU members, the implementation of implementation of CTM CTM guidelines regarding investment guidelines regarding investment policy at national levels has not been realised (excluding the policy at national levels has not been realised (excluding the 14 Essen TEN projects), so that the investment structure is 14 Essen TEN projects), so that the investment structure is 65% in roads, 25% in railways and 10% in other branches 65% in roads, 25% in railways and 10% in other branches (1999).(1999).[1][1]

About 10% of the EU road network suffers from daily About 10% of the EU road network suffers from daily congestion, about 20% or railway network are described as congestion, about 20% or railway network are described as bottlenecks, 16 main international airports report delays of bottlenecks, 16 main international airports report delays of more than 15 minutes on 30% of flights and consequently more than 15 minutes on 30% of flights and consequently extra fuel consumption of 6% of the total annual extra fuel consumption of 6% of the total annual consumption.consumption.

[1][1] Source: EXTRA/THEMATIC PAPER 2 – Sustainable mobility-economic aspects, 2001. Source: EXTRA/THEMATIC PAPER 2 – Sustainable mobility-economic aspects, 2001.


For transition countries, adFor transition countries, adopting the opting the EU solution is not just EU solution is not just a questiona question of of political will but also of objective political will but also of objective possibilities regarding legal, financial possibilities regarding legal, financial and human resources.and human resources.


Croatian Croatian Development Development StrategyStrategy

Governmental project “Croatia in 21Governmental project “Croatia in 21stst Century” started in July 2000Century” started in July 2000;;

Project task TRANSPORT has been leaded Project task TRANSPORT has been leaded by academician Bozicevic and fourty by academician Bozicevic and fourty scientists and expertsscientists and experts;;

Scientific Council for Transport of CASA has Scientific Council for Transport of CASA has accepted Transport Strategy Draftaccepted Transport Strategy Draft;;


Original document is available on Original document is available on web address:web address:

www.croatia21.hrwww.croatia21.hr


Conceptually, the document has been Conceptually, the document has been structured in four key aspects:structured in four key aspects:

transport policytransport policy transport infrustructuretransport infrustructure management management institutional and legal frameworkinstitutional and legal framework..


Strategic goals of transport development in Croatia, Strategic goals of transport development in Croatia, which are derived from EU-CTP, should bewhich are derived from EU-CTP, should be::

fullfull integration into the Trans-European transport integration into the Trans-European transport networknetwork fairfair charging in transport charging in transport betterbetter environmental protection environmental protection improvementimprovement of transport safety of transport safety socialsocial cohesion cohesion strongerstronger transport market. transport market.


The expression “should be” is stated The expression “should be” is stated because new Transport Strategy Draftbecause new Transport Strategy Draft has not been accepted yet.has not been accepted yet.In meantime Croatian Government has In meantime Croatian Government has undertook action of progressive new undertook action of progressive new motorways construction, which is motorways construction, which is completely in contradiction with proposed completely in contradiction with proposed strategic priorities.strategic priorities.


The main The main risksrisks can be recognized incan be recognized in the the following problems:following problems:

Regulator Regulator structure – administration staffstructure – administration staff Legal issues – non-compliance regulationsLegal issues – non-compliance regulations ManagementManagement problems – free market, problems – free market,

commercialisation/privatisation of the commercialisation/privatisation of the transporttransport infrastructure infrastructure and and operational operational


Basic preconditions for a more Basic preconditions for a more progressiveprogressive development approach for development approach for the countries in transitionthe countries in transition::

clearly defined national strategies of clearly defined national strategies of transport development transport development i.e. transport i.e. transport policiespolicies;;

strict division of functions of regulators strict division of functions of regulators and providers;and providers;


adoption of European adoption of European transporttransport regulations and technical standards;regulations and technical standards;

selection of optimal form of selection of optimal form of transporttransport infrastructure managing predominantly infrastructure managing predominantly owned by state - owned by state - commercialisationcommercialisation and and privatisation;privatisation;

institutional restructuring of providers institutional restructuring of providers onon the principles of free marketthe principles of free market. .


Objectives

•Emphasised development of public transit•Reduction in the usage of road motor vehicles•Efficient regulation of traffic flows by intelligent systems•Protection of health and environment•Substantially greater traffic safety•Integration of urban, regional and state traffic network

Guidelines

•Subsidising of public transit•Fair pricing•Operational restrictions for road motor traffic•Preventing unnecessary traffic•Inducing the demand for environmentally friendly transportation modes (public and non-motorised traffic)

The basics of urban traffic development strategyThe basics of urban traffic development strategy


Institutional frameworkInstitutional framework

Objectives

•Delegating umbrella regulatory functions at the state level•Autonomy of local (urban) traffic authorities in realising development programs – uniting the functions of planning, control and financing•Commercialisation/privatisation of municipal companies – service providers•Establishing of transportation-tariff associations

Guidelines

•Establishment of Urban Traffic Authority (within Transport Ministry)•Separation of the regulatory and operational functions at the level of the local authorities•Restructuring of the urban transport companies and insuring of legal framework for privatisation•Involving private sector into the public transport development


Legal frameworkLegal framework

Objectives•Accepting legal and sub-legal regulations regarding urban traffic•Harmonisation of technical and technological standards with EU references

Guidelines

•Revision and adjustment of the existing acts in the field of municipal economy and road traffic•Implementation of EU initiatives and the best practices in planning the tax policy and fair pricing•Establishment of legal framework for the competitiveness of the services provider on the free market and preventing monopolies


InfrastructureInfrastructure

Objectives

•Development of urban infrastructure based on the comprehensive traffic and economic studies•Emphasised development of infrastructure of the public and non-motorised traffic•Diverting transit flows outside the urban areas using infrastructure measures•Adapting of traffic infrastructure to special groups of users (disabled persons)

Guidelines

•Construction of by-passes•Preparing of development strategy for the urban and suburban public passenger traffic, and in major cities of rail traffic (light urban rails, tramway)•Preparing of the development strategy for pedestrian and cycling traffic (Walk-, Cycle- Strategy)


ManagementManagement

Objectives

•More profitable service providers in public urban traffic•Competitiveness of operators on the free market

Guidelines

•Restructuring of companies owned by the city•Insurance of the conditions for commercial management of urban traffic infrastructure•Phased privatisation of transportation services•Fair charging


CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

According to the new Transport Strategy Draft, development According to the new Transport Strategy Draft, development guidelines of the Croatian transport system have been guidelines of the Croatian transport system have been articulated through key aspects of policy – institutional and legal articulated through key aspects of policy – institutional and legal issues, infrastructure and management issues.issues, infrastructure and management issues.

Main problems can be recognized in legal insufficiency, Main problems can be recognized in legal insufficiency, administration management as well as in commercial administration management as well as in commercial management in public sector.management in public sector.

Strategic guidelines are directed toward full adopting of Strategic guidelines are directed toward full adopting of international, particular EU standards, strict separation of international, particular EU standards, strict separation of regulatory and operational functions as well as governmental regulatory and operational functions as well as governmental measures for free market strengthening in transport sector, measures for free market strengthening in transport sector, through commercialisation and privatisation of state-owned through commercialisation and privatisation of state-owned companies.companies.

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9 th International Scientific Conference MOBILITA ‘04 Bratislava , May 6-7, 200 4

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