Page 1 Meetings 01-02: Introduction to Animal Reproduction (2) Meetings 03-04: Reproductive Structures and their Functions (2) Meetings 05-07: The HPG axis and its Liposoluble and Watersoluble Hormones (3) Meetings 08-09: The Neuroendocrine Control of Male and Female Puberty Onset (2) Meetings 10-11: REVIEW AND TEST #1 Meetings 12-17: Female and Male Reproduction and Techniques for their Control (6) Meetings 18-19: REVIEW AND TEST #2 Meetings 20-21: Reproductive Behavior and the Spermatozoa in the Female Tract (2) Meetings 22-23: Embryogenesis, Placentation, Parturition and Lactation (3) Meetings 24-25: Puerperium, Lactation and Reproductive Ageing (2) Meeting 26 Reproductive Pathology and Case Studies (1) Meetings 27-28: REVIEW AND TEST #3 AND TEST #4 Animal Reproduction 13 • JP Advis DVM, Ph.D. Bartlett Hall, Animal Sciences, Cook, (732) 932 - 9240, [email protected]• Course website: rci.rutgers.edu/~advis • Material to be covered: • About lecture slides: • There are not intended to be the sole source for studying the course material !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • Slides are good to review the course material after you have study your course textbook • Slides are a good indicator of the relative importance of lecture topics (see slide # per topic) • Group slides by titles when using them to review course material. Match lectures and text. Reproductive Cyclicity # lectures for cumulative test # 02 book 12 Reproductive cyclicity: terminology and basic concepts 1 - 9 13 Reproductive cyclicity: the follicular phase 1 - 9 14 Reproductive cyclicity: the luteal phase 1 - 9 15 Reproductive cyclicity: techniques for controlling female reproductive processes 1 - 9 16 Endocrinology of the male and the spermatogenesis process 1 - 10 17 Endocrinology of the male and techniques to control male reproductive processes 1 - 10 18 REVIEW – material from lecture # 12 through lecture # 17 1 - 10 19 EXAM # 02 - material from lecture # 01 through lecture # 18 1 - 10
Transcript
Page 1
Meetings 01-02: Introduction to Animal Reproduction (2) Meetings 03-04: Reproductive Structures and their Functions (2)
Meetings 05-07: The HPG axis and its Liposoluble and Watersoluble Hormones (3) Meetings 08-09: The Neuroendocrine Control of Male and Female Puberty Onset (2)
Meetings 10-11: REVIEW AND TEST #1 Meetings 12-17: Female and Male Reproduction and Techniques for their Control (6) Meetings 18-19: REVIEW AND TEST #2
Meetings 20-21: Reproductive Behavior and the Spermatozoa in the Female Tract (2) Meetings 22-23: Embryogenesis, Placentation, Parturition and Lactation (3)
Meetings 24-25: Puerperium, Lactation and Reproductive Ageing (2) Meeting 26 Reproductive Pathology and Case Studies (1) Meetings 27-28: REVIEW AND TEST #3 AND TEST #4
slides: • There are not intended to be the sole source for studying the course material !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• Slides are good to review the course material after you have study your course textbook
• Slides are a good indicator of the relative importance of lecture topics (see slide # per topic)
• Group slides by titles when using them to review course material. Match lectures and text.
Reproductive Cyclicity
# lectures for cumulative test # 02 book
12 Reproductive cyclicity: terminology and basic concepts 1 - 9
13 Reproductive cyclicity: the follicular phase 1 - 9
14 Reproductive cyclicity: the luteal phase 1 - 9
15 Reproductive cyclicity: techniques for controlling female reproductive processes
1 - 9
16 Endocrinology of the male and the spermatogenesis process 1 - 10
17 Endocrinology of the male and techniques to control male reproductive processes
1 - 10
18 REVIEW – material from lecture # 12 through lecture # 17 1 - 10
19 EXAM # 02 - material from lecture # 01 through lecture # 18 1 - 10
Page 2
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Endometrial changes during a typical menstrual cycle. Simultaneous events in the ovary are also indicated. The endometrium thickens during the follicular phase, uterine glands elongate, and spiral arteries grow to supply the thickened endometrium.
a view from
ovary and uterus
During the early luteal phase there is further
thickening of the endometrium, marked growth of
the coiled arteries, and increased complexity of the uterine glands. As the corpus luteum wanes,
endometrial thickness is reduced by loss of
ground substance. Increased coiling of spiral
arteries causes ischemia and finally sloughing of
endometrium. The upper portion of the figure shows the corresponding events in the ovary.
Page 3
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
The menstrual cycle can be seen from different
viewpoints, but is the same cycle
a view from the
blood
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
a view from
ovary and uterus
The menstrual cycle can be seen from different
viewpoints, but is the same cycle
Page 4
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
E2 has both a positive (phasic control) and a negative
feedback (tonic control) on gonadotropin secretion.
Page 5
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
E2 has both a positive (phasic control) and a negative
feedback (tonic control) on gonadotropin secretion.
E2
phasic
control
E2
tonic
control
Page 6
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
What causes the hormonal changes
during the follicular phase ?
P4
LH
FSH
E2
LH surge
LH / FSH
E2
P4
What happen to
?
Page 7
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Follicular recruitment, selection and dominance..
Page 8
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Several follicular waves occur during one cycle.
Page 9
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
E2 production requires LH (increases SCCE) and FSH
(increases aromatase)
Proliferation of granulosa cells during follicular development.
Initially, granulosa cells are few and have receptors only for FSH (FR) on their surfaces. In response to continued stimulation with both FSH and estradiol, granulosa cells proliferate and by the midfollicular phase LH receptors (LR) begin to appear. By late in the follicular phase a large number of granulosa cells are present and they are responsive to both LH and FSH. They are now competent to secrete sufficient estradiol to trigger the ovulatory surge of gonadotropins.
The two cell gonadotropin theory
Page 10
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Relative gonadotropin, inhibin and E2 secretion during
proestrous by recruited, selected & dominant follicules.
Page 11
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The 2-cell, 2-gonadotropin model for estrogen synthesis..
The follicular phase
Page 12
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
E2 production requires LH (increases SCCE) and FSH
(increases aromatase)
LH controls the SCCE enzyme FSH controls the aromatase enzyme
SCCE
aromatase
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Influence of lactation upon return to cyclycity in women.
Page 13
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Influence of nutrition upon GnRH secretion.
Page 14
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Influence of nutrition upon basal LH secretion.
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Influence of body weight upon puberty onset.
Page 15
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Changes in oocyte numbers throughout the life-span of
the human female.
Page 16
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
The preovulatory LH surge is elicited by a predominance
of facilitatory over inhibitory inputs to the GnRH neuron.
GnRH
pulse genera
tor
GnRH
GnRH
pulse generator
GnRH
GnRH
neuron
GnRH
GnRH
GnRH
GnRH
GnRH
Page 17
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
The preovulatory LH surge is elicited by a predominance
of facilitatory over inhibitory inputs to the GnRH neuron.
Page 18
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Ovarian events caused by the preovulatory LH surge.
Page 19
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
The pathways for induced ovulation..
Page 20
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
The ovarian follicle contains the oocyte and granulosa
cells but not theca cells
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
If you can fully explain ovarian cycles you understand
puberty, cyclicity and aging
Page 21
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
ß The follicular phase
The major steps of oogenesis..
Page 22
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Relationship between granulosa cells & developing oocyte.
Page 23
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Events driving a preovulatory surge of LH are the same
in humans and other animals
E2 drives the preovula-
tory surge of LH. An LH
surge is obligatory for
reproduction to occur
control
surge
blocked
surge
human
rat ovulation
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Ovulation in a rabbit. Follicular fluid, granulosa cells, some blood, and cellular debris continue to ooze out of the follicle even after the egg mass has been extruded.
Page 24
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Each follicular phase is a compressed version of events
preceeding puberty minus the P4 component.
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Each follicular phase ends with the activation of the phasic or
preovulary mechanism driving the genesis of an LH surge.
Page 25
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Each follicular phase ends with the activation of the phasic or
preovulary mechanism driving the genesis of an LH surge.
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
Each follicular phase ends with the activation of the phasic or
preovulary mechanism driving the genesis of an LH surge.
Page 26
LECTURE #13
The follicular phase a view from ovary and uterus, a view from the blood, a view from the hypothalamus and pituitary
HPG axis & folliculogenesis
effect of photoperiod, suckling
and energy balance on cyclicity
HPG axis & the LH surge
comparison and timing of the
main events involved in both
Puberty and adult cyclicity
reproductive events from infancy to puberty are “replicated” in each follicular phase of the cycle
The follicular phase
If you understand this list of events, you are ready to
