A: 50 184 \ Distribution of muscle fiber diameter type alation to muscle fiber his A.T. RANTSIOS, P.B. PAPAVASILEIOU Hellenic Army Biological Research Center, Athens, Greece y a . Several early workers (Lorinz and Biro, 1959; Herring et al, 1967; Wismer-Pedersen a»“ 1973) attempted to correlate muscle fiber diameter with meat texture. Others (Cases a Cooper, 1971; Klosowska et al, 1979) suggested that a relationship between muscle hi chemical profile and meat quality exists. On the other hand, many original studieS..gj and Cooper, 1971; Cauthier, 1970) indicated that muscle fiber diameter and muscle e histochemical type are related. However, the latter seems to depend on several P®3*® 1 ^ ; such as sex, age, exercise (Cassens and Cooper, 1971; Brooke and Engel, 1969a; ^ Rantsios, 1972; Lacourt, 1973). It appears therefore that to study the relationship ^ muscle fiber diameter and fiber histochemical type in beef animals is of some value interpreting the role of muscle histochemical profile in meat quality. Material and Methods The study was carried out in 18 Friesean steers with an average age of 20.1410.71 ^ Samples of Longissimus dorsi and Trapezius muscles were taken one hour after sln^O' ^iC^^rV immediately were snap frozen in melting isopentane. The samples were preserved - 1^,. until 10um thick sections were prepared. The activity of ATPase (Dubowitz and Br°°^ed 1 and that of Succinic Dehydrogenase (SDH)(Seligman and Rutenburg, 1951) was demonst1- serial sections. jC Protographs of standardised magnification were taken from each section. Muscle Q S^ij grouped, independently for each of the two enzymes studied, as follows: According activity in type I (strong reaction), intermediate, and type II (weak reaction)- ,cti0lls to ATPase activity in type I (weak reaction), intermediate, and type II (strong r® s, 1,9 In each photograph the narrowest aspect of the cross section diameter, in 200 fiber measured. n. e&c For each group of measurements, concerning muscle fiber histochemical type, with±n e, muscle and enzyme treatment, the mean value, standard deviation and standard er gan ^ calculated. These values were used in each case for the determination of group m standard deviation, and standard error, reflecting the situation in all animals- ^ out of the aforementioned values histograms were constructed, after classificati°n classes of 5y.m. <1 'i ft \ It f( Results a*®. In Table I the mean values and the standard errors of the muscle fiber measurement® shown according to enzyme reaction and histochemical muscle fiber type -in U1*1 1-12 value distribution histograms are shown. In addition, in Tables II and I11 th® mean values and standard errors within each 5um class of the histograms are prese nt®° \ Mean values ± standard errors of the mean of muscle fiber diameter measurements» to histochemical type demonstrated with ATPase and SDH activity. ATPase Succinic dehydrogen®^^ Muscle Histochemical muscle fiber type Histochemical musclej^- I E II I E __- Longissimus dorsi 41,31 42,54 47,64 42,54 42,60 il»5 ±2,35 ±2,29 ±2,09 ±5,07 ±1,07 43'^o Trapezius 40,41 ±1,71 42,73 ±2,11 45,06 ±2,37 38,92 ±1,83 40,96 \ t. V \ \ \ ll
Transcript
A: 50
184\
Distribution of muscle fiber diametertype
alation to muscle fiber his
A.T. RANTSIOS, P.B. PAPAVASILEIOU
Hellenic Army Biological Research Center, Athens, Greece
y a .Several early workers (Lorinz and Biro, 1959; Herring et al, 1967; Wismer-Pedersen a»“ 1973) attempted to correlate muscle fiber diameter with meat texture. Others (Cases a Cooper, 1971; Klosowska et al, 1979) suggested that a relationship between muscle hi chemical profile and meat quality exists. On the other hand, many original studieS..gj and Cooper, 1971; Cauthier, 1970) indicated that muscle fiber diameter and muscle e histochemical type are related. However, the latter seems to depend on several P®3*® 1 ;such as sex, age, exercise (Cassens and Cooper, 1971; Brooke and Engel, 1969a; ^Rantsios, 1972; Lacourt, 1973). It appears therefore that to study the relationship ^ muscle fiber diameter and fiber histochemical type in beef animals is of some value interpreting the role of muscle histochemical profile in meat quality.
Material and Methods
The study was carried out in 18 Friesean steers with an average age of 20.1410.71 ^Samples of Longissimus dorsi and Trapezius muscles were taken one hour after sln^O' iC rV immediately were snap frozen in melting isopentane. The samples were preserved - 1,.until 10um thick sections were prepared. The activity of ATPase (Dubowitz and Br°°^ed 1 and that of Succinic Dehydrogenase (SDH)(Seligman and Rutenburg, 1951) was demonst1- serial sections. jC
Protographs of standardised magnification were taken from each section. Muscle Q S ij grouped, independently for each of the two enzymes studied, as follows: According activity in type I (strong reaction), intermediate, and type II (weak reaction)- ,cti0lls to ATPase activity in type I (weak reaction), intermediate, and type II (strong r® s, 1,9 In each photograph the narrowest aspect of the cross section diameter, in 200 fiber measured.
n.
e&cFor each group of measurements, concerning muscle fiber histochemical type, with±n e,muscle and enzyme treatment, the mean value, standard deviation and standard er gan calculated. These values were used in each case for the determination of group m standard deviation, and standard error, reflecting the situation in all animals- ^ out of the aforementioned values histograms were constructed, after classificati°n classes of 5y.m.
<1'ift\
Itf(
Resultsa*®.
In Table I the mean values and the standard errors of the muscle fiber measurement®shown according to enzyme reaction and histochemical muscle fiber type -in U1*11-12 value distribution histograms are shown. In addition, in Tables II and I11
th®mean values and standard errors within each 5um class of the histograms are present®°
\
Mean values ± standard errors of the mean of muscle fiber diameter measurements» to histochemical type demonstrated with ATPase and SDH activity.
ATPase Succinic dehydrogen®^^
Muscle Histochemical muscle fiber type Histochemical m u s c l e j ^ -
Table IIIMean values [tit5standard errors of muscle fiber length diameters, measured according t0 fiber histochemical type, within each 5um histogram class. Measurements in section5 for ATPase activity.
Musclefiber C l a s s e shistochemicaltype
Muscle30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-
L.D. 31,95 39,35 42,3810,69 46,3210,82 54,07Type I
T. 33,09+1,07 38,7211,71 43,6310,23 47,6110,87 51,8611,18
.8°
61'
(L.D. = Longissimus dorsi; T. = Trapezius)
Discussionan!
,0rReproducibility of muscle fiber diameter length measurements is a precondition f03fparable results between different workers. If a perfect cross section of any dividofiber in a histologic section could be achieved, there would not have been a probl^jy.ever, as it is described by Brook and Engels (1969a), and Brook (1970), this cannot {be the case. Therefore, the narrowest aspect of the cross section diameter of each ofadopted as its diameter, fiber.
This is not altered regardless of the ankle of the secti°n0>5w
On the other hand, the reciprocity between oxidative and glycolytic enzyme activi^pgif®1 fibers, suggested in earlier works (Dubowitz and Pearse, 1960) does not seem to ' scleapplied in beef animals (Klosowska et al, 1979; Rantsios, 1981). It appears, thet^^ mu reasonable to suggest that for a full demonstration of the histochemical profile beat least ATPase and Succinic dehydrogenase (or other oxidative enzyme) activity 111113studied. I-There is no significant difference between any pair of mean values presented tViD, '
evenly distributed, as it can be deduced from the histograms in figures 1-12, coefficient value (r = 0,3035, p < 0,05) between figures 1-6 and 7-12 for the n pre®e“0f allocated in each histogram class, and the mean values within classes, which ar® proett. in Tables II and III. As a result, allowing some reservations, due to the devel°tpe cold-shortening in all the samples, one is forced to accept the uniformity of mu3g. size regardless of histochemical type. Comparable evidence is presented by other ^
Average diameter in horse (2 year old ponies) Semitendinosus muscle was 7 to intermediate and type I muscle fiber than muscle fibers type II. However, the d were not significant (Aberle et al, 1976). In young humans there is no differen muscle fiber diameter of the two histochemical types I and II. Nor between seXe contrary, in adults the size is larger for type II in men and type I in women. ^ ej, 1 although type I is standard, type II changes according to exercise (Brook and "1969b).
Consequently, it could be suggested that our observations are the result of ther\~F +- Vi o hbb -F animal c anrl -t-Vira 1 imi fori nnnrrrf nn -i 4-t r -P 7\1 „ ..oA ! - 0of the beef animals and the limited opportunity for exercise they have. A-*-te^ volvecould be claimed that if in cold-shortening only the type I fibers (red) are inVper sl {ti® increase in their diameter due to shortening could bring them about at the dia®6 ved< the other histochemical type muscle fibers, so that no differences could be obse last points require further elucidation.
eJ?
Also, the measurements in different sections stained for the demonstration of theexamined are highly correlated (r = 0,8925, p < 0,01). In addition the values arec0rthe 0t i
vt>el
187
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