1
Colorimetric sensing of cations and anions by clicked polystyrenes bearing side
chain donor-acceptor chromophores
Yongrong Li,a Minoru Ashizawa,a Satoshi Uchidaa and Tsuyoshi Michinobu*,b,c
a Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-
12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
b Global Edge Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku,
Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
c Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) , Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-
0012, Japan
*Correspondence Address:
Dr. Tsuyoshi Michinobu
Global Edge Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology
2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
Tel/Fax: +81-3-5734-3774, E-mail: [email protected]
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1. Synthesis and characterization N
N
N
N
N(C12H25)2
3
N(C12H25)2
TCNE
7 2-[4-(Didodecylamino)phenyl]-3-phenylbuta-1,3-diene-1,1,4,4-tetracarbonitrile (3). To a solution of N,N-didodecyl-4-(phenylethynyl)aniline (55 mg, 0.104 mmol) in CH2Cl2, TCNE (13.3 mg, 0.104 mmol) was added under nitrogen, and the mixture was stirred at 20 oC for 18 h. Removal of the solvent in vacuo and column chromatography (SiO2, CH2Cl2) yielded the desired compound 3 (65.7 mg, 97%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 0.88 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 6 H), 1.24-1.33 (m, 36 H), 1.63 (br s, 4 H), 3.37 (t, J = 7 Hz, 4 H), 6.65 (d, J = 9 Hz, 2 H), 7.53 (t, J = 9 Hz, 2 H), 7.61 (t, J = 7 Hz, 1 H), 7.74 (d, J = 9 Hz, 2 H), 7.78 ppm (d, J = 9 Hz, 2 H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 14.13, 22.63, 26.93, 27.28, 29.33, 29.50, 29.52, 29.55, 29.64, 29.69, 31.84, 51.42, 72.61, 86.96, 111.31, 112.04, 112.13, 114.57, 117.24, 129.45, 129.66, 131.87, 132.74, 134.20, 150.19, 152.99, 162.38, 162.49 ppm. IR (neat): ν = 2923, 2852, 2215, 1602, 1485, 1416, 1345, 1210, 1181 cm-1. MALDI-TOF MS (dithranol): m/z: calcd for C44H59N5
+: 657.48 g mol-1; found: 657.35 g mol-1 [M]+.
N
N
N(C12H25)2
N
N
N(C12H25)2
TCNQ
7 4 (4-{3,3-Dicyano-1-[4-(didodecylamino)phenyl]-2-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)propanedinitrile (4). To a solution of N,N-didodecyl-4-(phenylethynyl)aniline 7 (55 mg, 0.104 mmol) in 1,2-dichlorobenzene, TCNQ (21.2 mg, 0.104 mmol) was added under nitrogen, and the mixture was heated to 160 oC for 18 h. Removal of the solvent in vacuo and column chromatography (SiO2, CH2Cl2) yielded the desired compound 4 (78.7 mg, 93%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 0.85 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 6 H), 1.25-1.33 (m, 36 H), 1.62 (br s, 4 H), 3.34 (t, J = 7 Hz, 4 H), 6.64 (d, J = 9 Hz, 2 H), 6.92 (dd, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.12 (dd, J = 9, 2 Hz, 1 H), 7.26 (d, J = 9 Hz, 2 H), 7.46-7.65 (m, 5 H), 7.67 ppm (d, J = 9 Hz, 2 H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 14.06, 22.62, 26.97, 27.33, 29.26, 29.34, 29.50, 29.55, 29.56, 29.64, 31.90, 51.36, 70.23, 87.43, 112.16, 112.44, 112.90, 115.04, 123.00, 124.55, 124.91, 129.54, 129.58, 130.93, 133.53, 134.23, 134.72, 134.82, 135.77, 151.52, 151.79, 154.04, 172.90 ppm. IR (KBr): ν = 2922, 2851, 2202, 1576, 1395, 1344, 1167 cm-1. MALDI-TOF MS (dithranol): m/z: calcd for C50H63N5
+: 734.07 g mol-1; found: 733.9 g mol-1 [M]+.
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4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000
P3
P2
Wavenumber (cm-1)
P1
Fig. S1 IR spectra of P1, P2 and P3. 2. Thermogravimetric analysis
100 200 300 400 5000
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature (oC)
Wei
ght R
esid
ue (%
)
P1 P2 P3
Fig. S2 TGA curves of polymers P1, P2, and P3 at the heating rate of 10 oC min-1 under flowing nitrogen.
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3. Electrochemistry
-1.2 -0.8 -0.4 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2
-4
-2
0
2
4
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
(μA)
(a)
-1.2 -0.8 -0.4 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Cur
rent
(μΑ)
Voltage (V)
(b)
-1.2 -0.8 -0.4 0.0 0.4 0.8
-4
-2
0
2
4
Cur
rent
(μA
)
Voltage (V)
(c)
Fig. S3 Cyclic voltammograms of (a) P1, (b) P2, and (c) P3 in CH2Cl2 (+0.1 M (nC4H9)4NClO4) at 20 oC.
Table S1 Summary of the electrochemistry data of the polystyrenes in CH2Cl2 (+ 0.1 M (nC4H9)4NClO4).a
polymer Eox,1 (V) Ered,1 (V) Δ(Eox,1-Ered,1) (V) λend (nm [eV])
P1 0.34 - - -
P2 0.83 -1.00 1.83 750 [1.65]
P3 0.43 -0.72 1.15 1130 [1.09] a Potentials vs. Fc/Fc+. Working electrode: glassy carbon electrode; counter electrode: Pt; reference electrode: Ag/AgCl.
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4. UV-vis-near IR spectra
400 600 8000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Wavelength (nm)
(a)
Abs
orba
nce
P2 P2+10equiv.Fe3+
P2+10equiv.Fe3++TEA
400 600 800
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Abs
orba
nce
Wavelength (nm)
P2 P2+10equiv.Sn2+
P2+10equiv.Sn2++TEA
(b)
400 600 800
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Wavelength (nm)
Abs
orba
nce
(c)
P2 P2+10equiv.Fe2+
P2+10equiv.Fe2++TEA
400 600 800
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Wavelength (nm)
Abs
orba
nce
(d)
P2 P2+10equiv.Ag+
P2+10equiv.Ag++TEA
Fig. S4 UV-vis spectral changes of P2 in CHCl3 upon the addition of (a) Fe3+, (b) Sn2+, (c) Fe2+, and (d) Ag+ ions, followed by triethylamine (TEA) at 20 oC.
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400 600 800 1000
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Abs
orba
ncce
Wavelength (nm)
P3 P3+10equiv.Fe3+
P3+10equiv.Fe3++TEA
(a)
400 600 800 1000
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0(b)
Wavelength (nm)
Abso
rban
cce
P3 P3+10equiv.Cu2+
P3+10equiv.Cu2++TEA
400 600 800 1000
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Wavelength (nm)
Abso
rban
cce
P3 P3+10equiv.Fe3+
P3+10equiv.Fe3++TEA
(c)
400 600 800 1000
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0(d)
Wavelength (nm)
Abs
orba
ncce
P3 P3+10equiv.Sc3+
P3+10equiv.Sc3++TEA
Fig. S5 UV-vis-near IR spectral changes of P3 in CHCl3 upon the addition of (a) Fe3+, (b) Cu2+, (c) Ti4+, and (d) Sc3+ ions, followed by triethylamine (TEA) at 20 oC.
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5. X-ray crystallography Fig. S6 (a) Crystal structure of the Ag+ complex with 5 and (b) magnified coordination structures of Ag(1) and Ag(2) to the cyano groups of 5. Hydrogen atoms and counter anions (OTf) are omitted for clarity.
Ag(1)
N(5)
N(10)
N(6)
N(3)
Ag(2)
N(12)
N(9)
N(4)
(a)
(b)
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6. Spectroscopic titration experiments of metal ions
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
(A
0-A)(1
-x)
Mole fraction of Fe3+ (x)
(a)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
(A
0-A)(
1-x)
Mole fraction of Sn2+ (x)
(b)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
(A
0-A)(
1-x)
Mole fraction of Fe2+ (x)
(c)
Fig. S7 Job plot analysis of 1 with (a) Fe3+, (b) Sn2+, and (c) Fe2+ ions in CHCl3. The total concentration of 1 and metal ions is 60 μM.
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400 600 8000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Abs
orba
nce
Wavelength (nm)0 2 4 6
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
ΔAbs
[Fe3+]/[1] Fig. S8 UV-vis spectral changes of 1 (40.5 μM) in CHCl3 upon the addition of Fe3+ ion (0-6 equiv.). A cuvette with a light-path length of 1 cm was used. ΔAbs was monitored at 469 nm.
400 600 800
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Wavelength (nm)
Abs
orba
nce
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.50.00
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.16
[Sn2+]/[1]
ΔAbs
Fig. S9 UV-vis spectral changes of 1 (40.5 μM) in CHCl3 upon the addition of Sn2+ ion (0-2 equiv.). A cuvette with a light-path length of 1 cm was used. ΔAbs was monitored at 469 nm.
400 600 800
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Abs
orba
nce
Wavelength (nm)
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.50.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
[Fe2+]/[1]
ΔAbs
Fig. S10 UV-vis spectral changes of 1 (314 μM) in CHCl3 upon the addition of Fe2+ ion (0-3 equiv.). A cuvette with a light-path length of 1 mm was used. ΔAbs was monitored at 469 nm.
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0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
(A
0-A)(1
-x)
Mole fraction of Fe3+ (x)
(a)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
(A
0-A)
(1-x
)
Mole fraction of Cu2+ (x)
(b)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
(A
0-A)(
1-x)
Mole fraction of Sc3+ (x)
(c)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
(A0-A
)(1-x
)
Mole fraction of Ti4+ (x)
(d)
Fig. S11 Job plot analysis of 2 with (a) Fe3+, (b) Cu2+, (c) Sc3+, (d) and Ti4+ ions in CHCl3. The total concentration of 2 and metal ions is 60 μM.
400 600 800 1000
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Abs
orba
nce
Wavelength (nm)
0 1 2 3 40.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
[Fe3+]/[2]
ΔAbs
Fig. S12 UV-vis-near IR spectral changes of 2 (30.0 μM) in CHCl3 upon the addition of Fe3+ ion (0-4 equiv.). A cuvette with a light-path length of 1 cm was used. ΔAbs was monitored at 698 nm.
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400 600 800 10000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Abs
orba
nce
Wavelength (nm)0 1 2 3 4
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
[Cu2+]/[2]
ΔAbs
Fig. S13 UV-vis-near IR spectral changes of 2 (35.0 μM) in CHCl3 upon the addition of Cu2+ ion (0-4 equiv.). A cuvette with a light-path length of 1 mm was used. ΔAbs was monitored at 698 nm.
400 600 800 1000
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Abs
orba
nce
Wavelength (nm)0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
[Sc3+]/[2]
ΔAbs
Fig. S14 UV-vis-near IR spectral changes of 2 (33.3 μM) in CHCl3 upon the addition of Sc3+ ion (0-5 equiv.). A cuvette with a light-path length of 1 cm was used. ΔAbs was monitored at 698 nm.
400 600 800 1000
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Abs
orba
nce
Wavelength (nm)0 1 2 3 4 5
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
[Ti4+]/[2]
ΔAbs
Fig. S15 UV-vis-near IR spectral changes of 2 (33.3 μM) in CHCl3 upon the addition of Ti4+ ion (0-5 equiv.). A cuvette with a light-path length of 1 cm was used. ΔAbs was monitored at 698 nm.
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400 600 800
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Wavelength (nm)
Abs
orba
nce
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.50.00
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.16
[Ag+]/[1]
ΔAbs
Fig. S16 UV-vis spectral changes of 1 (314 μM) in CHCl3 upon the addition of Ag+ ion (0-2 equiv.). A cuvette with a light-path length of 1 mm was used. ΔAbs was monitored at 469 nm.
400 600 800 1000
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Abs
orbe
nce
(a.u
.)
Wavelength (nm)
Fig. S17 UV-vis-near IR spectral changes of 2 (33.3 μM) in CHCl3 upon the addition of Ag+ ion (0-10 equiv.). A cuvette with a light-path length of 1 mm was used.
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7. Spectroscopic titration experiments of anions
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
(A0-A
)(1-
x)
Mole fraction of CN- (x)
(a)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
(A0-
A)(
1-x)
Mole fraction of F- (x)
(b)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
(A0-A
)(1-
x)
Mole fraction of I- (x)
(c)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6(A
0-A)(1
-x)
Mole fraction of AcO- (x)
(d)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
(A0-A
)(1-x
)
Mole fraction of H2PO4- (x)
(e)
Fig. S18 Job plot analysis of 3 with (a) CN-, (b) F-, (c) I-, (d) AcO-, and (e) H2PO4- ions
in THF. The total concentration of 3 and anions is 40 μM.
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8.4 8.2 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.8 6.6
(b)
δ (ppm)
c da b e
a' b' c'
d' e'
(a)
N
N
N
N
N(C12H25)2
CN-
N
N
N
N
N(C12H25)2
N
ab
c
de e'
d'
a'b'c'
Fig. S19 1H NMR spectra of (a) 3 and (b) 3 upon the addition of a slight excess CN- ion (2 equiv.) in DMSO-d6 at 20 oC.
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0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
(A0-A
)(1-x
)
Mole fraction of CN- (x)
(a)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
(A0-A
)(1-x
)
Mole fraction of F- (x)
(b)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
(A0-A
)(1-x
)
Mole fraction of I- (x)
(c)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
(A0-A
)(1-x
)
Mole fraction of SCN- (x)
(d)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
(A0-A
)(1-x
)
Mole fraction of AcO- (x)
(e)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
(A0-A
)(1-x
)
Mole fraction of N3- (x)
(f)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
(A0-A
)(1-x
)
Mole fraction of H2PO4- (x)
(g)
Fig. S20 Job plot analysis of 4 with (a) CN-, (b) F-, (c) I-, (d) SCN-, (e) AcO-, (f) N3-,
and (g) H2PO4- ions in THF. The total concentration of 4 and anions is 40 μM.
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8. Competitive experiments
300 400 500 600 700 800 9000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Abs
orba
nce
Wavelength (nm)
P2 P2+0.50Ag+
P2+1.00Ag+
P2+1.50Ag+
P2+2.00Ag+
P2+2.00Ag++0.25Fe3+
P2+2.00Ag++0.50Fe3+
P2+2.00Ag++0.75Fe3+
P2+2.00Ag++1.00Fe3+
(a)
300 400 500 600 700 800 9000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Abs
orba
nce
Wavelength
P2 P2+0.25Fe3+
P2+0.50Fe3+
P2+0.75Fe3+
P2+1.00Fe3+
P2+1.00Fe3++0.50Ag+
P2+1.00Fe3++1.00Ag+
P2+1.00Fe3++1.50Ag+
P2+1.00Fe3++2.00Ag+
(b)
Fig. S21 UV-vis spectral change of P2 in CHCl3 (a) upon the addition of Ag+ ion (0-2 equiv.) followed by addition of Fe3+ ion (0-1 equiv.) and (b) upon the addition of Fe3+ ion (0-1 equiv.) followed by the addition of Ag+ ion (0-2 equiv.).
400 600 800 1000 12000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Abs
orba
nce
Wavelength (nm)
P3 P3+0.50Ag+
P3+1.00Ag+
P3+1.50Ag+
P3+1.50Ag++0.25Fe3+
P3+1.50Ag++0.50Fe3+
P3+1.50Ag++0.75Fe3+
P3+1.50Ag++1.00Fe3+
P3+1.50Ag++1.25Fe3+
P3+1.50Ag++1.50Fe3+
(a)
400 600 800 1000 12000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Abs
orba
nce
Wavelength (nm)
P3 P3+0.25Fe3+
P3+0.50Fe3+
P3+0.75Fe3+
P3+1.00Fe3+
P3+1.25Fe3+
P3+1.50Fe3+
P3+1.50Fe3++0.50Ag+
P3+1.50Fe3++1.00Ag+
P3+1.50Fe3++1.50Ag+
(b)
Fig. S22 UV-vis spectral change of P3 in CHCl3 (a) upon the addition of Ag+ ion (0-1.5 equiv.) followed by the addition of Fe3+ ion (0-1.5 equiv.) and (b) upon the addition of Fe3+ ion (0-1.5 equiv.) followed by the addition of Ag+ ion (0-1.5 equiv.).
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