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ACADEMIC INTEGRITY & PROPER CITATIONS
FOR APA STYLESpring 2016
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW Why Cite? & Academic Integrity APA resources In-text citations Reference List:
How to cite a scholarly article How to cite a news article How to cite a book How to cite a website
APA Formatting Setting up and Using a RefWorks Account
EXPECTATIONS
Review an APA reference and identify type of source
Proofread an APA citation and reference for proper use
Basic familiarity with APA style Familiarity with APA resources
WHY?
Service to readers Academic Integrity Your grade!
Consistency Community
Why Cite? Why APA?
APA RESOURCES American Psychological Association. (2010).
Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.1
American Psychological Association. (2007). APA style guide to electronic references. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
APA Style Online Tutorial APA Style Blog Purdue OWL - APA1. All citation and formatting rules found in this presentation are from this source. Check this area of each slide for a page reference.
APA RESOURCES – USE YOUR TOPIC GUIDE!
Homepage < Guides < Topic Guides < The Ultimate Guide to APA Style
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY & PLAGIARISM
Your ideas supported by the research of others Summary, paraphrase
or direct quote Always cite ideas of
others Readers can easily find
ideas or facts referenced in your paper
Copy & paste writing of others Weak paraphrasing does
not alter the original author’s writing sufficiently
Too many direct quotations No citations to ideas of
others Improper citations Readers are unable to
verify facts or ideas presented in your paper
Scholarly Research Plagiarism
HOW TO PARAPHRASE Be sure you understand the original text – you
can’t summarize something you don’t understand!
Take notes as you read, writing summaries of important points or sources for your paper. Some students find note cards to be a useful note-
taking/summarizing tool Set the original aside while you write your
summary A paraphrase does not contain ANY phrases
given in the original – completely your own words Should be your own voice, matching the rest of your
paper
THE GENERIC REFERENCE
WhoWhatWhen Where
Chuck. (2009, November 5). The generic reference. Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/11/the-generic-reference.html
IN TEXT CITATIONS
Shyles (2002) notes that analog signals are continuous.
Shyles’ 2002 study noted that analog signals are continuous.
Analog signals are continuous (Shyles, 2002).
Severin and Tankard (2001) claim… (Severin & Tankard, 2001)
Osgood, Suci, and Tannenbaum (1957) found…(first time cited)
Osgood et al. (1957) found…(subsequent citations)
Osgood et al. found… (subsequent citations within same paragraph as above example)
For more than 6 authors, cite only the first author followed by et al. and the year.
One or Two Authors Multiple Authors
APA Manual (p. 174-175)
IN TEXT CITATIONS
A study by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC, 2004) states… (first citation)
The FCC (2004) claims…(subsequent citations)
Use first few words of the reference (typically the title) Double quotes around
title of article, chapter or webpage; italicize title of periodical, book, or report
This is an example (“Newspaper Article,” 2005).
The book Examples (2007) states…
Organizational Author No Author
APA Manual (p.176 – 177)
IN TEXT CITATIONS DIRECT QUOTATIONS
Direct quotes from a source are enclosed in double quotation marks, with the page number given in parentheses at the end of the quote, before the period:
Shyles (2002) claims that the Strowger switch “quickly became the backbone of the world’s telecommunication network” (p. 115).
APA Manual (p. 92)
IN TEXT CITATIONS DIRECT QUOTATIONS
Quotations of 40 words or more are presented in a block, without quotation marks, with the page number given in parentheses at the end, after the final period:
Dickens (1859) stated: It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going directly to Heaven, we were all going the other way. (p. 1)
APA Manual (p. 92)
REFERENCE LIST: FORMATTING
List references in alphabetical order. Include only works that have been cited in the text of your paper. Space evenly throughout. The first line of a citation should be flush left
Indent all subsequent lines (5 spaces).
ReferencesBerelson, B. (1966). Content analysis in communication research. In B. Berelson, and M. Janowitz (Eds.), Reader in Public Opinion and
Communication (2nd ed.), pp.260-266. New York, NY: Free Press.Severin, W. J., and Tankard, J. W. (2001). Communication Theories: Origins,
Methods, and Uses in the Mass Media. New York, NY: Addison Wesley Longman.
Shyles, L. (2002). Deciphering Cyberspace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
REFERENCE LIST:SCHOLARLY ARTICLES [PERIODICALS]
Author, A.B., & Writer, C.D. (YEAR). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, Volume#, begin page – end page.
Gitlin, T. (1978). Media sociology: The dominant paradigm. Theory and Society, 6, 205-253.
In Print
p.198-199
REFERENCE LIST:SCHOLARLY ARTICLES [PERIODICALS]
Retrieved OnlineAuthor, A. B., & Writer, C. D. (YEAR). Title of
the article. Title of the Journal, Volume#, begin page – end page. doi:1053/45614-5643
Wang, Z., Lang, A., & Busemeyer, J. R. (2011). Motivational processing and choice behavior during television viewing: An integrative dynamic approach. Journal of Communication, 61, 71-93. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01527.x
p.198-199
REFERENCE LISTSCHOLARLY ARTICLES [PERIODICALS]
Always leave names of authors in the order they are given.
More than 7 authors: First 6 authors,…Last author.
DOI not available: Retrieved from URL or name of database
Journals paginated by issue: Include the issue number in parentheses Constructivism in the Human Sciences, 23(2),
14-23.
p.198-199
First page of an article
Article Record from a Database
Always double-check!
Automatically generate citations or export to Refworks.
REFERENCE LISTNEWSPAPER ARTICLES
Author, D. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title or headline of article. Title of the Newspaper, p. SectionPage. OR pp. SectionPages.
“If an article appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers, and separate the numbers with a comma (e.g., pp. B1, B3, B5-B7).”
Bieply, M., & Barnes, B. (2011, March 1). Younger audience still eludes the Oscars. The New York Times, pp. C1, C7.
Print Newspaper Article
p. 200
REFERENCE LISTNEWSPAPER ARTICLES
Author, D. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title or headline of article. Title of the Newspaper. Retrieved from URL of the homepage
*If no author is provided, begin with the title of the article, then the date.
Bialik, C. (2011, February 26). Pollsters struggle for accurate picture of Mideast. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/
Online Newspaper Article
p. 200
REFERENCE LISTBOOKS
Author, A. B. (YEAR). Title of the book (xth ed.). Location: Publisher.
Shyles, L. (2002). Deciphering cyberspace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
p. 202
REFERENCE LISTBOOK CHAPTERAuthor, A. B. (YEAR). Title of chapter. In A.
Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp. beginpage-endpage). Location: Publisher.
*For works retrieved online, include DOI if available, or if not available, use Retrieved from.
Berelson, B. (1966). Content analysis in communication research. In B. Berelson, & M. Janowitz (Eds.), Reader in public opinion and communication (2nd ed.) pp. 260-266. New York, NY: Free Press.
Catalog Record
REFERENCE LIST WEBPAGES
Author, A. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title of page or document [Format description]. Retrieved from URL of site
Basic Citation
Variations
•Format description is only for unusual format types:• Example format descriptions: Blog post, Twitter post,
Facebook update, Press release •The author could also be the publishing organization, if no person is named.• Give as specific a date as possible. If no date is available, use the abbreviation (n.d.) for “no date.”
Source: How to cite something you found on a website in APA style from the APA Style Blog
REFERENCE LIST WEBPAGES
NBC Universal. (2011). About us. Retrieved from http://www.nbcuni.com/about-us/
DeGeorges, T. (2011, February 25). I didn’t tape that, my TV alter-ego did [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://www.twcableuntangled.com/2011/02/i-didnt-tape-that-my-tv-alter-ego-did/
FORMATTING YOUR PAPER Typed, double-
spaced 1” margins on all
sides 12 pt. Times New
Roman font Include Running
Head Four major sections:
Title page Abstract Main Body References
Source: Purdue OWL
CONCLUSION There are many more types of documents
that you may need to cite in APA style. There are unusual situations you may
encounter when preparing your reference list.
When in doubt, check a trustworthy APA resource, or the publication manual itself.
Reference librarians are available to help with APA citations.
The Writing Center can help throughout the writing process, including APA formatting.
HTTP://EZPROXY.VILLANOVA.EDU/LOGIN?URL=HTTP://WWW.REFWORKS.COM/REFWORKS
CON
TACT INFO
RMATIO
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•Phone
•Chat
•Research appointments
•Stop by!
For APA Style Help
Writing CenterLearning Commons, Room 210610-519-4604
Alexander WilliamsLearning Commons, Room [email protected] 610-519-8845
APA Quiz:https://
www.surveymonkey.com/r/VPD3LBH