AGENDA3.16.10

QUIZ…

1. List the four long-term causes of WWI.2. What two countries were in competition

over the Balkans?3. Who assassinated the Archduke Franz

Ferdinand?4. Where was the Archduke from?5. How did the assassination lead to WWI?

WWI: WAR CONSUMES EUROPE16.2

THE ALLIANCE SYSTEM COLLAPSES

After the assassination of the archduke, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

Resulted in chain reaction Chain reaction went like this:

Austria-Hungary attacks Serbia (with Germany’s unconditional support)

Russia helps Serbia, attacks Austria-Hungary AND Germany

Germany declares war against RussiaRussia asks France for help

THE SCHLIEFFEN PLAN Designed by General Arthur Graf von

Schlieffen of Germany Plan to deal 2-front war. German soldiers

would rush to the West to crush the French, and then back to the East to attack the Russians

The Germans couldn’t get into France because the French troops were too deep, so they crossed through Belgium

WAR TORN FOREST…

Since Belgium was officially “neutral”, the German invasion outraged the British and then the British declared war on Germany too (August 4, 1914)

Soon the two alliances (the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente) changed their names – turned into the Allies vs. The Central Powers

ALLIES VERSUS CENTRAL POWERS

Great Britain, France, Russia = Original allies

Italy – even though they were originally with the Germans – switched sides and joined the Allies

Located in center of Europe – Germany and Austria-Hungary were the original two

Joined by Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire

BELGIANS BLEW OUT A BRIDGE TO HALT THE GERMANS

FRENCH TANK STUCK IN GERMAN TRENCH

A BLOODY STALEMATE ALONG THE WESTERN FRONT Germany’s attack of France = a long

stalemate in French battlefields Deadlocked region = The Western Front Seemed like the Germans were going to beat

France… not so much.

FRENCH SOLDIER TRAINING AN AMERICAN

THE BATTLE OF THE MARNE

French FINALLY defeat the Germans in the valley of the Marne River (north of Paris).

Battle = important battle; showed the Germans that the Schlieffen Plan would not work.

TRENCH WARFARE Armies fought each other from trenches

(trenches are like big ditches) Trenches = muddy and rat infested; sleep

was impossible Land b/w trenches = “no man’s land.” Even the new technology didn’t make war

quick and easy, just more violent At the Battle of Verdun, the French and

Germans EACH lost more than 300,000 men By the end of the Battle of the Somme

(November 1916) each side had lost a half a million soldiers

“NO MAN’S LAND”

SOLDIERS REPAIRING A TRENCH…

THE BATTLE ON THE EASTERN FRONT Eastern front = stretch of land b/w Germany

and Russia Russians and Serbs versus Germans,

Austrians and Turks Central Powers dominated – killed more than

30,000 Russians in one battle!

GERMAN SOLDIERS AIMING AT THE ENEMY…

RUSSIA FALLS APART

By 1916, Russia was near collapse – low on supplies. Ports blocked by the Ottomans and the Germans

Russia’s HUGE population helped them stay in the war.

Russians lost more than 2 million soldiers in 1915 alone

AMERICAN SOLDIERS THROWING HAND GRENADES…