Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08
A lesson for the 8th grade student
Kayla Shinneman, Amber Carney, Alicia McMannon, Takara Campbell, Robin Manzella
HSC4302 Spring 2008
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What will you learn?• Causes of infectious diseases
– Who, What, Where?• Common infectious diseases
– Bacterial– Viral
• Preventing infectious diseases– Active immunity– Passive immunity
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Infectious Diseases• “Disease caused
by organisms that enter the human body and multiply.”
• The history– Since the
beginning of time.
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What is the cause?• Most infections are caused by
pathogens.• Pathogens live on all surfaces• Can spread through many different
vectors and vehicles.
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5 Causes1. Bacterial2. Viral3. Fungi
4. Protozoan5. Rickettsias
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The Virus vs. The BacteriaBacterial
• Most are harmless• Causes most
respiratory illnesses
• Can be cured by antibiotics
Viral• Causes the most
illnesses• Causes most forms
of the common cold
• Cannot be cured by antibiotics
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Spreading it around
• Direct Contact• Indirect Contact • Animals• Vectors• Vehicles • Inanimate Objects• Environment
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Getting Sick is Never Fun
• Common Cold• Influenza• Tuberculosis• Strep Throat• Encephalitis• Meningitis• Mononucleosis
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Common Cold• What is it?
– Infection of your upper respiratory tract (nose & throat)
• How did I get it?– Droplets in the air– Hand-to-Hand contact – Handling Contaminated Objects
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Common Cold• What are the symptoms?
– Appear 1 to 3 days after exposure to cold virus.
– Runny or Stuffy Nose– Sneezing– Sore Throat– Cough– Congestion– Low Grade Fever (Up to 102 F)
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Common Cold• How do I treat it?
– No cure– Antibiotics do not treat cold viruses– Pain Relievers – Decongestant Nasal Sprays– Cough Syrups
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Influenza (The Flu) What is it?
• Viral infection of the respiratory tract (nose, throat, bronchial tubes, lungs)How did I get it?
• Spread through droplets in the air
What are the symptoms?
• High grade fever (101 F)
• Chills and Sweats• Dry Cough• Headache • Body aches &
weakness• Congestion
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Influenza (The Flu)
• How do I treat it?– Bed Rest– Plenty of fluids– Antiviral
Medications may be prescribed by doctor
– Get your flu shot!!!
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Tuberculosis • What is it?
– Bacterial infection that affects your lungs
– TB infection vs. active TB– Very dangerous! (active TB)
• How did I get it?– Highly contagious (active TB)– Spread through droplets in the air
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TuberculosisWhat are the
symptoms• TB infection:
– No symptoms – Not contagious
• Active TB:– Cough lasting 3 or
more weeks– Pain with breathing
& coughing– Slight Fever– Unexplained weight
loss– Chills– Night Sweats
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Tuberculosis• How do I treat it?• TB infection:
– TB medication INH used for 6-9 months • Active TB:
– Several TB medications– Hospitalization
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Strep Throat• What is it?
– Bacterial throat infection
• How did I get it?– Streptococcal
bacteria– Highly contagious– Bacteria spread
through droplets in air
• What are the symptoms?– Sore throat– Red, swollen tonsils– Swollen, tender
lymph glands (in neck)
– Fever– Headache
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Strep Throat
• How do I treat it?– Antibiotics
• Treating strep is very important!
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Encephalitis• What is it?
– Viral infection causing inflammation of the brain
– Can be life-threatening• How did I get it?
– Insects – Other viruses
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Encephalitis • What are the
symptoms?– Drowsiness– Seizures– Sudden Fever– Severe Headache– Nausea and
Vomiting– Stiff neck
• How do I treat it?– Mild infections:
•Rest, healthy diet, plenty of fluids
– More severe infections: •anti-viral drugs
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Meningitis• What is it?
– Inflammation of the meninges– Can be viral or bacterial– Meningococcal Meningitis
• How did I get it?– Spread through air droplets and direct
contact with an infected person
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Meningitis• What are the symptoms?
– High fever– Severe headache– Vomiting and nausea– Seizures– Confusion– Sleepiness
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Meningitis• How do I treat it?
– Meningococcal Vaccine available!
– Bacterial meningitis: • Immediate
treatment VERY IMPORTANT
• Requires IV antibiotics
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Mononucleosis• What is it?
– Mono- “The Kissing Disease”– Virus
• How did I get it?– Virus is transmitted through saliva
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Mononucleosis• What are the
symptoms?– Weakness – Sore throat– Fever– Swollen lymph
nodes & tonsils– Skin rash
• How do I treat it?– Bed Rest– Plenty of fluids
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Lets Experiment with Each Other
•WARNING: Do Not sniff, drink, or spill the liquid in your cups!
• Follow instructions carefully.• Have fun!
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How?• Active Immunity
– Life long immunity– Developed over
time•Ex:
–Disease A: Chicken Pox
–Bacteria A–Bacteria Aa
• Passive Immunity– Temporary
immunity•Few months
– Mother to baby
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Vaccines• 3 major types
– Live Virus•Made from weakened
virus strain– Killed Virus
•Cause body to produce antibodies
– Toxoids•Destroys toxic
properties
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Impact of Meningitis Vaccine
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It’s Common Sense!
• Always wash your hands
• Keep your house clean
• If some is sick do not:– Kiss– Hug– Be in close contact
• Never share your toothbrush
• The “five second rule” does not exist.
• Cook food completely
• Maintain healthy diet
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Community Resources• Alachua County Health Department
224 SE 24th St.Gainesville, FL 32641(352)334-7900
• School Nurse• American Red Cross
1724 NE 2nd StGainesville, FL 32609(352) 376-4669