A Research Wing Publication Shahjalal University of ...

Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet

A Research Wing Publication

Green Explore Society- an organization formed

with some concerned students and teachers of

Shahjalal University of Science and Technology is

aimed to mitigate this gap of our knowledge

regarding nature and natural resources. “Green

Explore Society” was established in 11th January,

2012 with the permission of university authority.

The main motto of this organization is ‘Learn for

Humanity’.

The organization mainly acts-

To create awareness among the mass people

regarding nature conservation.

To make people realize the enduring

importance of nature.

To let the people know the endless service that

nature provides to us.

To make people feel their own debt to nature.

To ensure collaboration with related national

and international organizations to help and

motivate students for conducting research

works that aims towards the betterment of the

environment.

Currently Green Explore Society is working with

32 executive committee members and 6 senior

advisers.

Green Explore Society has some regular

programs. Research Camps, Nature Observations

and Study Circles on different topics and burning

issues are regular programs of Research Wing. G-

Studio organizes Videography Sessions and

Photography Sessions at per weekend. On the

other hand, G-Rescue and Adventure wing

organizes Adventure Tours, Rescue Workshops

and Training Camps. There are some other

programs arranged by Green Explore Society,

such as Seminar on different issues, Recycling

Products workshops and exhibitions, Nature based

awareness art exhibitions, Videography and

Nature Documentations workshops, Green SUST

Campaigns, School Campaigns and finally at the

end of the year the grand “Green Festival”.

A Scientific Report on

Biodiversity of SUST Campus

Striped tiger – Tania Khan

Chief EditorMahadee Hassan Rubel

EditorsShuvo Debnath

Masum Billah

Rubaiya Jahan Bani

Technical AdvisersSourav Das

Animesh Ghose

Mohammad Rafsan Hussain

Hasan Ahmed

Orchisman Dutta

Publication Committee: Md Shamim Reza Saimun

Shanto Muntasir

Akib Hasan Moon

Tasnima Mukit Riha

Md. Badsha Faisal

Published by: Green Explore Society

Copyright: ©2016 GES, Green Explore Society

Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial

purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright

holder, provided the source is fully acknowledged.

Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is

prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder.

Citation: GES SUST, (2016). Biodiversity of SUST, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Cover Photo by: © Tania Khan, Shuvo Sutradhor, Orchisman Dutta

Available from: www.sust.edu; www.greenexploresociety.org

Shahjalal University of Science & Technology

Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh.

Contributors

Md Abu Hanifa Mehedi,

Krisna Kumar Gupta,

Afsana Hossaini,

Shukla Sinha,

Nusrat Islam,

Tahamina Hoq,

S. M. Tanveer Ahmad,

Md. Ridwan Chowdhury,

Mehedi Hasan Munna,

Mahamudul Hasan Paban,

Gourab Kumar Chowhan,

Mehedi Hasan Mazumder,

Subrata Bardhan,

Farhana Bintey Hye,

Rajesh Dutta,

Tawhid-un-Noor,

Limon Azad,

Tonmoy Das,

Tareek Ahamed Onick,

Md. Sultan Mahmud,

H. A. M. Fayeem,

Sumit Chowdhury,

Hasnain Ahmed,

Mahedi Hasan Limon,

Md. Shahariar Alam,

Md. Naimul Islam Faysal,

Fouzia Ahmed Afia,

Md. Shahidujjaman,

Sanjoy Bhattacharjee,

Tarek Khan Tipu.

Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker – Badsha Faisal

Acknowledgements

We would like to express our gratitude to our founder president and life time

member Mr. Mahadee Hassan Rubel for his effort to initiate the research activities

of Green Explore Society and inspire us to devote ourselves in such activities to

explore the biodiversity of SUST. We acknowledge the endless effort of our life

time member Mr. Sourav Das (Assistant Professor, Dept. of Forestry and

Environmental Science, SUST) to supervise the study. Thanks to our all advisers,

life time members, ex-executive committee members and ex-research wing

members for their unconditional support. We admit the endeavour of our 4th

executive committee and research wing member- without them it will be hard to

finish the work in a timely manner. And thanks a ton to our all members and well-

wishers for being with us. Finally, thanks to our university authority for giving

permission to conduct such research work and support the cause.

vi

Table of Content

Acknowledgement vi

Abstract 01

Chapter 1: Introduction 02

Threats to vegetation 03

Threats to water body 03

Threats to the wildlife 03

Biodiversity conservation strategy 03

Chapter 2: Materials and Methods

Geological features of SUST campus 04

Diversity of flora in SUST campus 04

Biodiversity survey method 04

Map of the study area 05

Tree Survey 06

Faunal Survey 07

Tree Yellow - Tania Khan

Table of Content

Chapter 3: Result and Discussion

Trees 08

Amphibians and Reptiles 09

Birds 10

Butterflies 11

Mammals 12

Chapter 4: Recommendations 13

Chapter 5: Conclusion 14

References 15

Appendices 16

Appendix I: Checklist of Trees 17-18

Appendix II: Checklist of Amphibians 19

Appendix III: Checklist of Reptiles 19

Appendix IV: Checklist of Birds 20

Appendix V: Checklist of Butterflies 21-22

Appendix VI: Checklist of Mammals 23

Hudhud - Tania Khan

Abstract

Being a part of Indo-Burma region, Bangladesh is in one of the global hotspot

areas for biodiversity. Some small landmasses that hold natural vegetation cover

and support habitat for fauna, remained unexplored while different inventory is

being made to create a species data bank. In spite of having rich floral

composition and good habitat for wildlife, Shahjalal University of Science and

Technology (SUST) remain unexplored. Different survey method had been

employed from 2012 to 2015 to get the checklist of flora and fauna of this

campus. A 'complete enumeration' of the tree species and their population was

done by doing fieldwork and faunal species (Amphibians, reptiles, birds,

butterflies) surveyed by using visual encounter method and opportunistic method.

Analysis of these data provides a checklist of a total of 60 tree species, 9

amphibian species, 15 reptile species, 61 butterfly species, 35 bird species, and 9

mammal species. Currently, several factors including natural and anthropogenic

are affecting the habitat of wildlife in SUST Campus. We would like to suggest to

continue this sort of study so that we can keep our biological resources updated

and conserve them in sustainable manner.

Page No. 01 Biodiversity of SUST

Introduction

According to the Convention on Biological Diversity (UNEP, 2003) biodiversity is defined as

the variation among living organisms. It includes all living sources including, inter alias,

terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes and this includes

diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.

Bangladesh as a delta floodplain of recent origin has various habitats suitable for a diverse

fauna (Khan, 1982). It is a part of the Indo-Burma region which is one of the ten global hotspot

areas for biodiversity and supposed to have 7000 endemic plant species (Mittermeier, Myers,

Thomsen, Da Fonseca, & Olivieri, 1998). Bangladesh is a heritage of rich biological diversity

due to its unique geophysical location (Mukul , 2007). About 5,700 species of angiosperms

alone, including 68 woody legumes, 130 fiber yielding plants, 500 medicinal plants, 29

orchids, three species of gymnosperms and 1700 pteridophytes have been recorded from

Bangladesh (Mukul , 2007). Bangladesh is home to roughly 49 species of amphibians, 167

species of reptiles, 566 species of birds, 138 species of mammals (IUCN Bangladesh, 2015).

From different forest reserves, landscapes, unique ecosystems, 39 forest areas were officially

declared as protected areas according to IUCN protected area categories. Forest department

and other organizations are focusing on these areas for conservation and inventory is being

made to create a data bank. But comparatively small green landmasses within the urban areas

are remained unexplored despite having rich biodiversity. Some universities of Bangladesh

hold natural vegetation cover that support as habitat for different floral and faunal species.

These vegetation covers are being appreciated for aesthetic value. Shahjalal University of

Science and Technology (SUST), in Sylhet, has an area of 320 acres. It is regarded for its

natural beauty encompassing a wide range of biological diversity. Despite having a wider scale

green landscape, the information about biodiversity of SUST remained unexplored. Moreover,

after the first plantation program in 1988-89, no research activity had been taken to get the list

of biological resources in SUST campus. To assess the tree species and wildlife diversity we

conducted survey from 2012 to 2015 repeatedly. This assessment will help to understand the

status of species protected by specific legislation (Rare, endangered, critically endangered,

endemic and vulnerable) and to enumerate the importance of the existing biodiversity. The

collected data will also help to undertake ecological analysis and calculations for further study.


Animash Ghose

Threats to vegetation

This can be classified in two categories i.e. natural and anthropogenic threats. Natural threats

include soil erosion, damage by disease and pathogens etc. As SUST campus lies in one of the

major rain fed region, soil erosion due to heavy rainfall is common. Besides tree plantation

management was not proper planned and makes this problem more severe.

Grazing, logging, unspecified intermediate silvicultural treatments are included in man made

threats to the existing vegetation of SUST campus.

Threats to water body

The level of water pollution rate is unknown in SUST campus. But our visual observation

indicated gradual increase of solid and liquid waste materials in water body. Besides this, there

is a lack of solid waste management in SUST campus which is the barrier for a clean campus.

The development and practice of a solid waste management action plan can help to manage the

wastes which are generated from academic/administrative buildings, food courts/stalls etc.

Threats to the wildlife

Poaching is a major threat to the wildlife. Some people living nearby campus intend to income

money by poaching wildlife. Young children often put traps and capture little birds, squirrels etc.

and sell them in local market. Lack of awareness is another reason for the reduction of wildlife

in this area. Each year, a considerable number of non-venomous snakes, frogs, lizards have been

killed by the people due to lack of the awareness of ecological role and importance of them

specially snakes.

Biodiversity conservation strategy

There is no biodiversity conservation strategy or guideline available in the campus right now.

Due to lack of awareness and insufficient knowledge on biodiversity, conservation didn’t get any

priority here. To set biodiversity conservation priority and strategy, some challenges will stand

on the way. The challenges are-

1. Lack of public awareness.

2. Poverty of the people living near the campus and dependency on poaching.

3. Insufficient proper policy of management.

4. Shortage of logistics support.


Southern Pig-tailed Macaque – Badsha Faisal

Materials and Methods

Geological features of SUST campus

The university campus lies on Kumargaon, Sadar subdistrict of Sylhet district

among the four north eastern districts of Bangladesh. It is located between

24°54'39" N to 24°55'38" N and 91°49'35" E to 91°50'17" E. The main river of

the north-east region, Surma is just a kilometer away from the campus.

The soil of the study area is clay to clayey loam. There seems to be many tillas

(small hills) which are composed of tertiary rocks of three geological series:

Surma, Tripam and Dhupitila. Climate is warm and humid. April and May are the

warmest, and December and January are the coolest months. The tropical

monsoon climate prevails in the area with average maximum temperature of 23˚C

and average minimum temperature of 7˚C. The mean annual rainfall is 3334mm,

most of which falls between June and September.

Diversity of flora in SUST campus

Different types of vegetation are found in SUST campus. These are as follows:

1. Aquatic vegetation

2. Roadside plantation

3. Hilly/Upland (Tilla) vegetation

4. Freshwater Swamp vegetation

5. Farmland vegetation

Biodiversity survey method

The survey area was divided into the 5 following fragments to conduct the survey

easily:

Fragment 1 (1 kilo road, VC House, Central Mosque, IICT building and

Register Building)

Fragment 2 (Gol-chottor, Bus Stand, Food-court, Cafeteria, Building-A, B, C

and building associated small hills)

Fragment 3 (Ladies Hall Road, Shahid Jononi Jahanara Imam Hall, Begum

Sirajunnesa Chowdhury Hall, ladies’ hall associated small hills and Teachers

Quarter)

Fragment 4 (IPE Workshop, Shohid Minar & associated small hills and Central

Auditorium)

Fragment 5 (Medical Center, Teachers' Club, student hall roads, Shahporan

hall, Bangabandhu hall, Syed Mujtaba Ali hall, hall associated small hills).


Figure.1: Map of the study area.


Tree Survey

The tree survey was carried out from January, 2012 to December, 2015 to create a checklist

of Tree species. In total, 120 acres of the study area were surveyed and each tree was

counted. A 'complete enumeration' of the population was done. The census technique was

specifically used to collect accurate information of the population.

Most of the tree species were identified during fieldwork on the basis of their morphological

characteristics. Bark shape, texture and color were observed, leaf shape, size, texture, color,

arrangement of leaves were noticed, flower and fruit color, shape, size, internal morphology,

odour and arrangement of reproductive features were also spotted for identification.

Morphological characteristics were used to identify the tree species to the species level.

‘Trees of Bangladesh’ by Das and Alam (2001) was used as a reference and online database

of The International Plant Names Index (IPNI) was used to find out the latest and acceptable

international scientific name of the tree species. Some tree species that could not be

identified on field were collected or photographed for off-field analysis. The tree species

that could not be identified due to insufficient morphological signs/characteristics were

grouped into the Unidentified section (subjected to identification in another season).


Faunal Survey

In this survey, two survey methods were followed.

I. Visual Encounter Survey method

The habitat characteristics (grassland, plantation, water body, paddy field, roadside, building

site, construction site etc.) was recorded while walking across the habitat at a steady speed

searching constantly and recording number of animals seen on or by rocks, trees and bushes,

and on bare ground among them. The study site was divided into 5 (five) fragments (Figure.1:

Map of the study area) and each was observed by 3 (three) groups containing at least 2 (two)

members. Each group was 10 to 20 m apart depending on the existing density, type and height

of the vegetation. Time spent walking and/or area covered depends on number of animals

recorded considering vegetation height, cover, quality and quantity.

The survey was done during daytime and nighttime from 2013 to 2014. In case of butterflies,

the survey was done at 6am to 8am and 2pm to 5pm. In case of mammals both time frames

were used for observation. The exact time that individuals of each species are seen and their

behaviour, e.g. basking, hunting, mating, etc. were recorded. All recorded observations for

each fragment were documented.

We identified all individual’s species in the field using current taxonomy and relying also on

our collective expertise by following different field manual (Frost, 2004; Kabir, et al., 2009;

Chowdhury & Hossain, 2013). If we got failed to identify a species, we photographed it and

consult with a wildlife taxonomist to figure out the species id.

II. Opportunistic method

In the opportunistic survey observations/informations were recorded during the field work.

This method is suitable for recording occurrence relative abundance and distribution of

different species of wildlife, especially for those species which are rare and uncommon.

(Alam, A.B.M.S., Chowdhury, M.S.M. and Sobhan, I., 2012).


Indian Bull Frog - Animash Ghose

Result and Discussion

Trees60 species under 27 families of trees were recorded during the survey. A total of,

approximately 4022 individuals of trees were observed. Scientific name and local name of

each species are documented in Table No. 1. Most of the species (7 species each) belonged

to the Mimosaceae and Moraceae family followed by Caesalpiniaceae, Myrtaceae (5

species each); Combretaceae, Fabaceae (4 species each) and Apocynaceae,

Dipterocarpaceae, Meliaceae, Sapotaceae, Verbenaceae (2 species each). Rest of the

families were represented by single species (Appendix I). Maximum number of the tree

species is forest based and native species.

Swietenia mahagoni, Albizia saman, Acacia auriculiformis, Terminalia arjuna, etc. are

common species and found abundantly. On the other hand, species like Terminalia catappa,

Ficus hispida, Leucaena leucocephala, Butea monosperma, Elaeocarpus floribundus,

Dillenia indica, Ficus religiosa, Artocarpus chama are only one in number.

Our observation found that, most of the tree species are planted under different plantation

program. In SUST kilo road, Swietenia mahagoni has higher number of occupancy whereas

species like Alstonia scholaris or Delonix regia showed a low number of frequencies.

Mesua ferrea is planted for partitioning both side of the road. Another large plantation area

goes around Bus stand to Academic Buildings where Polyalthia longifolia occupies the

largest proportion along with abundant amount of Acacia auriculiformis, Terminalia arjuna,

Lagerstroemia speciosa, Albizia saman. One more enormous plantation area of SUST

extends from Medical Center to Shahporan Hall, Bangbandhu Hall, Syed Muztaba Ali Hall

where Lagerstroemia speciosa showed a high number of frequencies whereas Azadirachta

indica occupied lower number of occupancy. In tillas (small hills) of northern part of the

campus, Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium are planted as mixed plantation.

Swietenia mahagoni, Albizia saman, Polyalthia longifolia, Terminalia arjuna etc. are found

as roadside plantation, lagerstroemia speciose as freshwater swamp vegetation, Acacia

auriculiformis, Acacia mangium as Hilly/Upland (Tilla) vegetation. As we focused on tree

species, we didn’t get any remarkable data on aquatic vegetation and farmland vegetation.


Nafi Sykes Sami

Amphibians and Reptiles

During the survey, total 9 amphibians under 5 families and 15 reptiles under 6 families were

recorded. Out of 15 reptilians, our survey revealed 7 snakes and 8 lizards. For each species;

scientific name, common name is mentioned including their family and order in Appendix II

andAppendix III . Duttaphrynus melanostictus was the most abundant amphibian species in

terrestrial ecosystem whereas we found both Hoplobatrachus tigerinus and Euphlyctis

cyanophlyctis abundant in aquatic habitat.

Xenochrophis piscator was seen mostly during the survey, found in the water-bodies,

grassland and crop-fields. Lycodon aulicus is repeatedly captured around Academic

Buildings and Student Halls. Enhydris enhydris was also observed in the campus but it is

rare. All these species are considered as Least Concern(LC) according to the IUCN Red list

of Bangladesh.


Crested Lizard - Mehedi Hasan Majumder

Birds

A total of 35 bird species were observed

visiting at the study area during the survey. Of

all the visiting birds, 95% is native. Common

name along with their scientific name are

provided in Appendix IV. Species like Alcedo

atthis, Ardeola grayii, Haliastur indus, Milvus

migrans, Spilopelia chinensis, Athene brama,

Pycnonotus cafer, Acridotheres tristis are

common in SUST campus. Species like Alcedo

atthis, Haliastur indus, Milvus migrans,

Ardeola grayii are generally seen in the lakes

located both side of 1 Kilo Road and in other

water-bodies. According to the IUCN Red list

of Bangladesh all these species are considered

as Least Concern (LC).


Common Kingfisher - Mehedi Hasan Majumder

Butterflies

A sum of 61 species of butterflies under 5 families (Papilionidae, Pieridae,

Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae) was identified during survey in the study

area. The list of butterfly observed was labelled including their English name,

scientific name and family in Appendix V. Most of the butterflies were seen during

dawn and early evening in the edge of ladies’ hall, tillas, gymnasium and other

places where human appearance is comparatively less. Pieris canidia was recorded

for the first time in SUST campus. Among all the species, 10 species are

considered as Vulnerable (VU) and 3 species are Endangered (EN) according to

the IUCN Red list of Bangladesh.


Red Spot Jazebel – Tania Khan

Mammals

A total of 9 mammal species from 9 families had been recorded during the survey.

Their common name, scientific name and family are provided in Appendix VI.

Vulpes bengalensis is the most common, observed in the hilly and bushy areas. It

is considered as a Vulnerable (VU) species according to IUCN Red list of

Bangladesh. Viverra zibetha, considered as a Near threatened (NT) species, also

observed in our campus.


Indian Flying Fox – Orchisman Dutta

Shahjalal University of Science & Technology campus contains various biodiversity which

enhance the natural beauty of the campus. But this natural beauty won’t last long unless some

protective measurements are taken. Thus we would like to recommend some steps and

measurements for the enhancement of the ecological balance and biodiversity enhancement of

the campus-

Proper planning should be made to conserve the ecological balance and enhance the

biodiversity.

A well-developed garbage dumping system is required. And all the garbage collected from

campus should be dumped outside or on a proper dumping site.

Barren lands, roadsides, and tillas can be taken under tree plantation program especially

indigenous tree species along with rare and threatened trees.

Well water drainage system should be developed and wastes from water should be removed.

Also water pollution should be monitored.

Illegal tree felling should be stopped.

Bird hunting/capturing and snake killing should be stopped.

With the help of experts and technicians, a Near threatened (NT) species Viverra zibetha

(Large Indian Civet) can be conserved.

Most important work is to enhance awareness not only among the students, academicians and

officials, but also the people who live nearby and visit the campus.

Authority may take some awareness program like seminar, poster exhibition, rally etc.

This campus has potential for biodiversity study and research. More research on biodiversity

and its conservation may be done.

Recommendations


Akib Hasan Moon

In conclusion, this is the first checklist to include all species for SUST that

contains 189 species of flora and fauna. The result of our surveys are not

conclusive and there are several gaps in our knowledge on the biodiversity of

SUST that must be addressed on the future. In the floral survey, only tree species

are studied but there is still chance to explore the herb, shrub, palm, vine species of

the SUST campus. The impact of invasive species on the existing diversity will be

taken under consideration for further study. In the faunal survey, Amphibians,

Reptiles, birds and mammals are studied long time observation is needed to

enhance the current data. In SUST campus, arthropods are the highest. But our

survey has listed only the butterflies, leaving a wide knowledge gap on many other

insects. Further study of the insects will help us to get more knowledge of our

SUST campus.

Conclusion


Lal Book Chatok - Tania Khan


References

Alam, A.B.M.S., Chowdhury, M.S.M. and Sobhan, I. (2012). Biodiversity of Tanguar Haor: A

Ramsar Site of Bangladesh Volume I: Wildlife. Dhaka, Bangladesh: IUCN Bangladesh.

Chowdhury , S., & Hossain, M. (2013). Butterflies of Bangladesh - A Pictorial Handbook

(Revised and Enlarged Version I). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Skylark printers.

Das, D. K., & Alam, M. K. (2001). Trees of Bangladesh. Bangladesh: Bangladesh Forest

Research Institute.

Frost, D. R. (2004, November 10). Advanced Search: The Taxonomicon. Retrieved from The

Taxonomicon Website: http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/Default.aspx

Hossain, M. K., & Pasha, M. K. (2004). An account of exotic flora of Bangladesh. J. Forestry

and Environment Vol.2: 99-115 pp.

IUCN Bangladesh. (2015). Red List of Bangladesh: A Brief on Assessment Result 2015.

Dhaka, Bangladesh: IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh

Country Office, pp. 24.

Kabir, S. M., Ahmed, M., Ahmed, A. T., Rahman, A. K., Ahmed, Z. U., Begum, Z. N., . . .

Khondker, M. (2009). Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh, Vol.25: Amphibians

and Reptiles. Dhaka: Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.

Khan, M. A. (1982). A Checklist of the Mammals of Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh:

University of Dhaka.

Mittermeier, R. A., Myers, N., Thomsen, J. B., Da Fonseca, G. A., & Olivieri, S. (1998).

Biodiversity hotspots and major tropical wilderness areas: Approaches to setting conservation

priorities. Conservation Biology, 516-520.

Mukul, S. A. (2007). Biodiversity Conservation Strategies In Bangladesh: The State Of

Protected Areas. Tigerpaper Vol. 34: No. 3.

Uddin, M.Z. and Hassan, M.A. (2004). Flora of Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary. Dhaka,

Bangladesh: IUCN Bangladesh Country Office.

UNEP. (2003). Handbook of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Montreal: Secretariat of

the Convention on Biological Diversity.

APPENDICES

Family Species Local Name

Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Aam

Annonaceae Polyalthia longifolia Debdaru

Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris Chhatim

Vallaris solanacea Mali

Bombacaceae Bombax ceiba Shimul

Caesalpiniaceae Delonix regia Krishnachura

Cassia siamea Minjiri

Bauhinia variegate Rakta Kanchan

Cassia fistula Sonalu

Tamarindus indica Tentul

Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia Jhau

Combretaceae Terminalia arjuna Arjun

Terminalia belerica Bohera

Terminalia chebula Haritaki

Terminalia catappa Kath badam

Dilleniaceae Dillenia indica Chalta

Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpus alatus Garjan

Hopea odorata Telsur

Ehretiaceae Ehretia serrata Kalahoja

Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus floribundus Jolpai

Fabaceae Pongamia pinnata Koroch

Butea monosperma Polash

Dalbergia sissoo Sisso

Leucaena leucocephala Ipil-ipil

Gutiferae Mesua ferrea Nageswar

Lythraceae Lagerstroemia speciosa Jarul

Magnoliaceae Michelia champaca Champa

Meliaceae Swietenia mahagoni Mahagoni

Swietenia macrophylla Mahagoni (big-leaf)

Azadirachta indica Neem


APPENDIX I: Checklist of Tree

Family Species Local Name

Mimosaceae Acacia auriculiformis Akashmoni

Acacia auriculiformis “hybrida" Akashmoni(hybrid)

Acacia mangium Mangium

Albizia saman Rain tree

Albizia richardiana Raj Koroi

Albizia procera Shil Koroi

Albizia lebbeck Shirish

Moraceae Ficus religiosa Ashoth

Ficus benghalensis Bot (Banyan)

Artocarpus chama Chapalish

Ficus hispida Dumur

Ficus elastica Indian rubber

Ficus benjamina Jeer

Artocarpus heterophyllus Kathal

Myrtaceae Callistemon citrinus Bottle brush

Syzygium grandis Dhakijam

Syzygium fruticosum Goti Jaam

Syzygium cumini Jaam

Psidium guajava Peyara

Pinaceae Abies concolor Christmas

Rhamnaceae Ziziphus mauritiana Boroi

Rubiaceae Anthocephalus chinensis Kadam

Sapindaceae Litchi chinensis Lichu

Sapotaceae Mimusops elengi Bokul

Manilkara zapota Sapeda

Thymelaeaceae Aquilaria agallocha Agar

Verbenaceae Tectona grandis Segun(teak)

Gmelina arborea Gamar

- - Dungra

- - Lombu


Family Species Local name Status

Bufonidae Duttaphrynus melanostictus Common Asian Toad LC

Dicroglossidae Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Skipper frog LC

Fejervarya spp. Cricket Frog LC

Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Indian Bullfrog LC

Microhylidae Microhyla berdmorei Berdmore's Narrow

mouthed Frog

LC

Microhyla ornate Ornate Narrow-mouthed

Frog

LC

Ranidae Hylarana tytleri Bengal Leaping Frog LC

Hylarana leptoglossa Cope’s Frog LC

Rhacophoridae Polypedates leucomystax Four-Lined Tree frog LC

Family Species Local name Status

Agamidae Calotes emma Forest Crested Lizard LC

Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard LC

Gekkonidae Hemidactylus bowringii House Lizard LC

Hemidactylus brookii Spotted House Lizard LC

Hemidactylus garnotii Garnot’s Gecko LC

Lacertidae Takydromous khasiensis Long-tailed Lizard LC

Scincidae Eutropis carinata Common Skink LC

Lygosoma bowringii Bowring’s Supple Skink LC

Typhlopidae Ramphotyphlops braminus Brahminy Blind Snake LC

Colubridae Amphiesma stolatum Striped Keelback LC

Coelognathus radiatus Copper-head Trinket

Snake

LC

Enhydris enhydris Common Smooth Water

Snake

LC

Ptyas mucosa Indian Rat Snake LC

Lycodon aulicus Common Wolf Snake LC

Xenochrophis piscator Checkered Keelback LC


APPENDIX II: Checklist of Amphibians

APPENDIX III: Checklist of Reptiles

**LC = Least concern, VU = vulnerable, NT = Near threatened, EN = Endangered, DD = Data deficient

Family Species Common name Status

Accipitridae Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite LC

Accipitriformes Milvus migrans Black Kite LC

Aegthinidae Aegithina tiphia Common Iora LC

Alcedinidae Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher LC

Apodidae Apus nipalensis House Swift LC

Ardeidae Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Cinnamon Bittern LC

Ardeola grayii Indian Pond Heron LC

Cisticolidae Orthotomus sutorius Common Tailorbird LC

Columbidae Columba livia Rock dove LC

Spilopelia chinensis Spotted Dove LC

Coraciidae Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller LC

Corvidae Corvus splendens House Crow LC

Dendrocitta vagabunda Rufous Treepie LC

Corvus levaillantii Jungle Crow LC

Cuculidae Eudynamys scolopaceus Asian Koel LC

Dicruridae Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo LC

Estrildidae Lonchura punctulata Nutmeg Mannikin LC

Halcyonidae Halcyon smyrnensis White-breasted Kingfisher LC

Laniidae Lanius tephronotus Grey-backed Shrike LC

Megalaimidae Psilopogon asiaticus Blue-throated barbet LC

Muscicapidae Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie-Robin LC

Ficedula albicilla Taiga Flycatcher LC

Chaimarrornis leucocephalus White-capped Redstart LC

Oriolidae Oriolus xanthornus Black-hooded Oriole LC

Paridae Parus major Great Tit LC

Passeridae Passer domesticus House sparrow LC

Picidae Dinopium benghalense Black-rumped Flameback LC

Dendrocopos macei Fulvous-breasted

Woodpecker

LC

Psittaculidae Psittacula krameri Ring-necked Parakeet LC

Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul LC

Rallidae Amaurornis phoenicurus White-breasted Waterhen LC

Strigidae Athene brama Spotted Owlet LC

Sturnidae Sturnus malabaricus Chestnut-tailed Starling LC

Acridotheres tristis Common Mayna LC

Upupidae Upupa epops Hoopoe LC


APPENDIX IV: Checklist of Birds

Family Scientific name Common Name Status

Papilionidae Graphium doson Common Jay LC

Graphium sarpedon Common bluebottle VU

Papilio demoleus Lime butterfly LC

Chilasa clytia Common Mime LC

Papilio demoleus Common Lime LC

Papilio memnon Great Mormon LC

Papilio polytes Common Mormon LC

Pieridae Appias libythea Striped Albatross LC

Appias lyncida Chocolate Albatross LC

Catopsilia pomona Common/Lemon Emigrant LC

Catopsilia pyranthe Mottled Emigrant LC

Delias acalis Redbreast Jezebel DD

Delias descombesi Red-spot Jezebel LC

Delias hyparete Painted Jezebel LC

Terias hecabe Common Grass Yellow LC

Gandaca harina Tree Yellow EN

Leptosia nina Psyche LC

Pieris canidia Indian Cabbage white LC

Nymphalidae Athyma perius Common Sergeant LC

Danaus chrysippus Plain Tiger LC

Danaus genutia Striped Tiger LC

Elymnias hypermnestra Common Palmfly LC

Elymnias nesaea Tiger Palmfly EN

Euploea core Common Crow LC

Euploea klugii Brown King Crow VU

Euthalia aconthea Common Baron LC

Euthalia monina Powdered Baron EN

Hypolimnas bolina Great eggfly LC

Junonia almana Peacock Pansy LC

Junonia atlites Grey Pansy LC

Junonia hierta Yellow Pansy LC

Junonia iphita Chocolate pansy LC

Junonia lemonias Lemon Pansy LC

Melanitis leda Common evening brown LC

Mycalesis mineus Dark branded bushbrown LC

Mycalesis visala Long brand bushbrown VU

Neptis hylas Common Sailer LC

Pantoporia hordonia Common Laskar VU

Tanaecia lepidea Grey Count Butterfly VU

Tirumala limniace Blue tiger LC

Ypthima baldus Common Five Ring VU

Ypthima huebneri Common four ring LC


APPENDIX V: Checklist of Butterflies

Family Scientific name Common Name Status

Lycaenidae Anthene emolus Common ciliate blue VU

Castalius rosimon Common Pierrot LC

Chilades lajus Indian Lime Blue LC

Curetis thetis Indian sunbeam LC

Euchrysops cnejus Gram blue LC

Lampides boeticus Pea Blue LC

Prosotas nora Common Line-blue LC

Rapala pheretima Copper Flash VU

Zizeeria karsandra Dark grass blue LC

Hesperiidae Ancistroides nigrita Chocolate Demon -

Odontoptilum angulata Chestnut Angel LC

Oriens goloides Smaller Dartlet VU

Parnara guttatus Straight Swift LC

Pelopidas conjuncta Conjoined swift LC

Pelopidas sinensis Chinese swift -

Pelopidas subochracea Long banded swift -

Sarangesa dasahara Common Small Flat VU

Taractrocera maevius Common Grass Dart -

Udaspes folus Grass Demon LC


Family Species Common name Status

Canidae Vulpes bengalensis Bengal Fox VU

Cercopithecidae Macaca nemestrina Southern Pig-tailed

Macaque

LC

Herpestidae Herpestes auropunctatus Small Indian Mongoose LC

Muridae Rattus exulans Polynesian Rat LC

Pteropodidae Pteropus giganteus Indian Flying Fox LC

Sciuridae Callosciurus pygerythrus Hoary-bellied Squirrel LC

Soricidae Suncus murinus Asian House Shrew LC

Vespertilionidae Scotophilus kuhlii Lesser Asiatic Yellow

House Bat

LC

Viverridae Viverra zibetha Large Indian Civet NT


APPENDIX VI: Checklist of Mammals

Shahjalal University of Science & Technology

Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh.

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Bengal Leaping Frog - Masum Billah

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