A S I A P A C I F I C N E T W O R K I N F O R M A T I O N C E N T R E

APNIC Open Policy MeetingAPNIC Open Policy Meeting

Address Policy (Procedures) SIGAddress Policy (Procedures) SIG

1 March 20011 March 2001

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For discussion…For discussion…

Consistent and realistic policy Consistent and realistic policy framework for “Portable” allocation and framework for “Portable” allocation and assignmentassignment

Presented at the last meeting…Presented at the last meeting… Criteria for first allocationCriteria for first allocation PI assignment criteriaPI assignment criteria

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Address Management - ObjectivesAddress Management - Objectives

ConservationConservation Ensuring efficient use of resources, usage-based Ensuring efficient use of resources, usage-based

allocation policies based on demonstrated needallocation policies based on demonstrated need AggregationAggregation

Limiting growth of routable prefixes, through provider-Limiting growth of routable prefixes, through provider-based address aggregation policiesbased address aggregation policies

RegistrationRegistration Ensuring that resource use is registered and that Ensuring that resource use is registered and that

resources are allocated or assigned uniquelyresources are allocated or assigned uniquely Fairness and ConsistencyFairness and Consistency

In the interests of regional and global communitiesIn the interests of regional and global communities

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Address Management - AssumptionAddress Management - Assumption

Provider-based addressingProvider-based addressing Established with CIDR (1993-1994)Established with CIDR (1993-1994) Control routing table size through aggregation Control routing table size through aggregation

of customer networksof customer networks Minimise PI assignmentsMinimise PI assignments Assume minimal multihomingAssume minimal multihoming

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Conflicting ObjectivesConflicting Objectives

To maximise aggregation, we should make To maximise aggregation, we should make largerlarger allocations allocations

to allow more growth of ISP before further to allow more growth of ISP before further allocation required (which may not be adjacent)allocation required (which may not be adjacent)

For example:For example:

40,000 addresses needed

/16

Room to grow!

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Conflicting ObjectivesConflicting Objectives

To maximise conservation, we should make To maximise conservation, we should make smallersmaller allocations allocations

to suit requirement more accuratelyto suit requirement more accurately but more likely to cause fragmentation…but more likely to cause fragmentation…

40,000 addresses

/17

Ouch!

/18

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Minimum AllocationMinimum Allocation

An agreed compromise between the An agreed compromise between the conservation and aggregation objectivesconservation and aggregation objectives

Currently /20 globallyCurrently /20 globally Reduced from /19 in 1998-2000Reduced from /19 in 1998-2000 APNIC minimum previously /22 (mid-1990’s)APNIC minimum previously /22 (mid-1990’s)

Note: Minimum Allocation is also considered to be Note: Minimum Allocation is also considered to be the “maximum first allocation” under the slow-start the “maximum first allocation” under the slow-start policy policy

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Minimum AllocationMinimum Allocation

Effectively, an arbitrary “cutoff” to reduce the Effectively, an arbitrary “cutoff” to reduce the number of globally routable prefixesnumber of globally routable prefixes

Eliminates networks which are “not worth Eliminates networks which are “not worth routing” from the global routing tablerouting” from the global routing table

Note: does not deny connectivity, but requires Note: does not deny connectivity, but requires PA assignment from upstream PA assignment from upstream

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DefinitionsDefinitions

AllocationAllocation A block of address space held by an IR for A block of address space held by an IR for

subsequent allocation or assignmentsubsequent allocation or assignment Not yet used to address any networksNot yet used to address any networks

AssignmentAssignment A block of address space used to address an A block of address space used to address an

operational network operational network May be provided to LIR customers, or used for May be provided to LIR customers, or used for

an LIR’s infrastructure (‘self-assignment’)an LIR’s infrastructure (‘self-assignment’)

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DefinitionsDefinitions

Provider Independent (PI) AssignmentProvider Independent (PI) AssignmentAKA “Portable” address space or assignmentAKA “Portable” address space or assignmentCustomer holds addresses independent from ISPCustomer holds addresses independent from ISPCustomer keeps addresses when changing ISPCustomer keeps addresses when changing ISPAddress block globally announcedAddress block globally announced

Provider Aggregatable (PA)Provider Aggregatable (PA)Customer uses ISP’s address spaceCustomer uses ISP’s address spaceAddresses aggregated within larger announcementAddresses aggregated within larger announcementCustomer must renumber if changing ISPCustomer must renumber if changing ISPAKA “non-Portable” address space/assignmentAKA “non-Portable” address space/assignment

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Allocation vs PI AssignmentAllocation vs PI Assignment

What’s the difference?What’s the difference? Each one:Each one:

Consumes address spaceConsumes address spaceRequires a global announcementRequires a global announcementMay contain “more specifics”May contain “more specifics”Assigned to arbitrary equipment (don’t care)Assigned to arbitrary equipment (don’t care)Carries arbitrary traffic (don’t care)Carries arbitrary traffic (don’t care)

i.e. Technically identical in terms of i.e. Technically identical in terms of conservation and aggregationconservation and aggregation

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Allocation vs PI AssignmentAllocation vs PI Assignment

Policy implicationPolicy implication Since PA allocation and PI assignment have Since PA allocation and PI assignment have

exactly the same policy “costs”, their criteria exactly the same policy “costs”, their criteria should be identicalshould be identical

ARIN’s policy regime achieves this very wellARIN’s policy regime achieves this very well APNIC has inconsistent (also ill-defined) APNIC has inconsistent (also ill-defined)

policies for bothpolicies for both

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Allocation vs PI AssignmentAllocation vs PI Assignment

Question: Should APNIC modify our policies Question: Should APNIC modify our policies to be more clear and consistent?to be more clear and consistent?

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Uniform Policy - ARINUniform Policy - ARIN

In ARIN’s region:In ARIN’s region:Minimum allocation = minimum PI assignmentMinimum allocation = minimum PI assignment

In either case, /20 delegation made when In either case, /20 delegation made when recipient has used /21 from upstreamrecipient has used /21 from upstream

Hence, strict limitation on demand for Hence, strict limitation on demand for allocationsallocations

After receiving delegation, recipient must After receiving delegation, recipient must renumber into new address spacerenumber into new address space

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Minimum Allocation AssumptionsMinimum Allocation Assumptions

Assumption #1: Provider based addressingAssumption #1: Provider based addressing ““The only routable prefixes come from RIR The only routable prefixes come from RIR

allocations and assignments”allocations and assignments”

Reality: Our efforts are being broken by Reality: Our efforts are being broken by multihomingmultihoming

Currently, routing table growing exponentiallyCurrently, routing table growing exponentially Proportion of /24 is consistent (55-60%)Proportion of /24 is consistent (55-60%)

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Minimum Allocation AssumptionsMinimum Allocation Assumptions

Assumption #2: Big = ImportantAssumption #2: Big = Important ““The shorter the prefix, the more right it has to The shorter the prefix, the more right it has to

be routed”be routed”

Reality: Other measures of importance may Reality: Other measures of importance may be just as legitimatebe just as legitimate

Type of service? E.g. “Essential Infrastructure”Type of service? E.g. “Essential Infrastructure” Number of customers? Dollar value? Number of customers? Dollar value? All unrelated to prefix lengthAll unrelated to prefix length

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Minimum Allocation - ImpactsMinimum Allocation - Impacts

Portable address space denied to small Portable address space denied to small ISPs (at least while they are small)ISPs (at least while they are small)

Portable address space not available to Portable address space not available to small private sites, IDCs, webhosting small private sites, IDCs, webhosting providersproviders

Multihoming only possible by advertising Multihoming only possible by advertising more specifics (“punching holes”)more specifics (“punching holes”)

But multihoming (and global announcements) But multihoming (and global announcements) are not prevented are not prevented

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More questionsMore questions

What is the purpose and value of the What is the purpose and value of the minimum allocation in today’s Internet?minimum allocation in today’s Internet?

But without it…But without it… Can RIR make judgement about who should Can RIR make judgement about who should

get PI assignments? (on criteria other than size get PI assignments? (on criteria other than size of the network)of the network)

Are RIRs actually responsible for the global Are RIRs actually responsible for the global routing table anyway?routing table anyway?

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Possible next stepsPossible next steps

Clarify APNIC proceduresClarify APNIC procedures Availability of first allocation should be more Availability of first allocation should be more

predictable to prospective/new memberspredictable to prospective/new members Criteria for PI Assignment should also be clear Criteria for PI Assignment should also be clear

and consistentand consistent Criteria should be similar, because technical Criteria should be similar, because technical

impact is identicalimpact is identical

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Possible next stepsPossible next steps

Possible first allocation criteriaPossible first allocation criteria Applicant must already have at least /X from Applicant must already have at least /X from

upstream provider (ARIN: /22)upstream provider (ARIN: /22) Applicant must have managed this address Applicant must have managed this address

space properlyspace properly Applicant must agree to renumber out of Applicant must agree to renumber out of

upstream space within Y months (ARIN: ?)upstream space within Y months (ARIN: ?) Applicant must be multi-homed? (rejected by Applicant must be multi-homed? (rejected by

Policy SIG in Brisbane, October 2000) Policy SIG in Brisbane, October 2000)

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Possible next stepsPossible next steps

PI AssignmentPI Assignment Applicant must already have at least /X from Applicant must already have at least /X from

upstream provider (ARIN: /22)upstream provider (ARIN: /22) Applicant must have managed this address Applicant must have managed this address

space properlyspace properly Applicant must agree to renumber out of Applicant must agree to renumber out of

upstream space within Y months (ARIN: ?)upstream space within Y months (ARIN: ?) Applicant must be multi-homed? (ARIN: yes?)Applicant must be multi-homed? (ARIN: yes?)

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QuestionsQuestions

Any change needed to basic assumptions?Any change needed to basic assumptions? Is minimum allocation relevant any more?Is minimum allocation relevant any more? Is provider based addressing working, Is provider based addressing working,

fixable, or broken beyond repair?fixable, or broken beyond repair?Can we do anything for IDCs and content Can we do anything for IDCs and content

providers who need PI space?providers who need PI space? I.e. those excluded by provider-based regime I.e. those excluded by provider-based regime

Go ahead with changes as interim measure?Go ahead with changes as interim measure?