A Scientific Career

With the Agricultural

ResearchService

United States Department of AgricultureProgram Aid 1490

The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Agricultural ResearchService (ARS) is one of four agencies in the Research, Education, andEconomics (REE) mission area.

REE is dedicated to the creation of a sustainable, competitive U.S. Foodand fiber system and strong, healthy communities, families, and youththrough integrated research, analysis, and education.

In 1993-94, the research component of the former Human NutritionInformation Service was incorporated into ARS. And as part of theoverall consolidation of USDA agencies, the National AgriculturalLibrary (NAL) merged with ARS at the same time

The other three agencies of REE are:

• Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service(CSREES), formed by the merger of the Extension Service (ES) and theCooperative State Research Service (CSRS)

• Economic Research Service (ERS) formed by the merger of ERS andthe Office of Energy

• National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)

The U.S. Department ofAgriculture (USDA) prohibitsdiscrimination in all its programsand activities on the basis of race,color, national origin, sex,religion, age, disability, politicalbeliefs, sexual orientation, andmarital or family status. (Not allprohibited bases apply to allprograms.) Persons with disabili-ties who require alternativemeans for communication ofprogram information (Braille,large print, audiotape, etc.)should contact USDA’s TARGETCenter at (202) 720–2600 (voiceand TDD).

To file a complaint ofdiscrimination, write USDA,Office of Civil Rights, Room 326–W, Whitten Building, 14th andIndependence Avenue, SW,Washington, DC 20250–9410 orcall (202) 720–5964 (voice orTDD). USDA is an equalopportunity provider andemployer.

Revised June 1999

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Plant pathologist Rick Bennettexamines fungi that may be used forbiological control of pernicious weedsat the Foreign Disease-Weed ScienceResearch facility in Frederick, MD.(K4653-11)

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The AgriculturalResearch Service is theprincipal scientificresearch agency of the

U.S. Department of Agriculture.The largest agricultural researchorganization in the world, ARSemploys more than 7,600 peopleworking at diverse locations acrossthe United States and in severalforeign countries. More than 2,000of these men and women arescientists working in research.

But the number of employees doesnot determine the quality of ascientific research organization. Itis the intelligence, creativity, andenergy of individual employees thatare the important factors—factors

Wanted: A FewPromising Scientists

that ensure that the new scientistswho join us each year will be thebest available.

While ARS hires some scientists assoon as they receive Ph.D.’s, thereis a special need for those whohave engaged in postdoctoralresearch. Candidates come fromvaried academic pathways; theunique perspective each scientistbrings from recent studies is highlyvalued. While some candidatesmay join us from strictly traditionalacademic fields, others come fromspecialized research pertaining tothe latest innovations inbiotechnology.

Careers for new scientists span avariety of disciplines such aschemistry, entomology, plantphysiology, plant pathology,animal science, human nutrition,genetics, microbiology, engineer-ing, soil science, and agronomy.Research projects are equallydiverse. While more than half ofthe career research conducted isfundamental and long-range, ARStakes pride in being a problem-solving agency that addresses abroad range of specific andimmediate concerns.

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Veterinarian Janice Miller checks culturedcells infected with bovine rhinotracheitisvirus. She is working toward a commercialvaccine. (K4140-9)

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ARS conducts researchto develop and transfersolutions to agricul-tural problems of high

national priority and provides in-formation access and dissemina-tion to ensure high-quality, safefood and other agricultural prod-ucts, assess the nutritional needs ofAmericans, sustain a competitiveagricultural economy, enhance thenatural resource base and the envi-ronment, and provide economicopportunities for rural citizens,communities, and society as awhole.

Vision: It’s theMission

In pursuing these goals, ARS isaiming at five general outcomes:

1. An agricultural system that ishighly competitive in the globaleconomy.

2. A safe and secure food and fibersystem.

3. A healthy, well-nourishedpopulation.

4. Greater harmony betweenagriculture and the environ-ment.

5. Enhanced economic opportu-nity and quality of life forfarmers, ranchers, rural citizens,and communities.

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A new multiplatform graphical Windowsinterface is being developed to supporttransfer of the WEPP (Water ErosionPrediction Project) prediction technology tofield users. Computer programmer-analystHailiang Fu (left) and agricultural engineerDennis Flanagan discuss the design of thewatershed top view and profile side viewinterface screens at the USDA-ARS NationalSoil Erosion Research Laboratory in WestLafayette, Indiana.(K7569-11)

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In meeting these goals, ARS pro-vides producers, consumers, actionagencies, industry, and others inthe research community with awealth of information concerningagricultural science.

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We’re growing our own printer’s ink thesedays. Chemist Sevim Erhan tests experi-mental soybean-based inks on a “Little Joe”printing press. (K3997-5)

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AOf the 100 studies recentlyselected for the ARS ResearchAssociate Program (see page 16)many fall under the heading ofbiotechnology, and most involvemolecular biology. ARS is alsocosponsor, with the University ofCalifornia and the California StateExperiment Station, of the PlantGene Expression Center based atAlbany, California.

Here’s just a sampling of the recentdevelopments or discoveries byARS scientists:

• Embryos and fertilized eggs thatcan be transplanted from cowsof superior genetic quality tosurrogate mothers.

• Low-cost procedures for trans-ferring livestock ova to a sur-rogate mother to produce twins,triplets, or even quadrupletsfrom a single egg.

• New rice plants, developedthrough tissue culture, withmore and better quality protein,as well as a method forincreasing the protein content ofrice flour from 8 percent to25 percent.

• Dwarf fruit trees that producehigher yield per acre and areeasier to harvest.

Yesterday, Today, andTomorrow

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Range scientist Patricia Bartling reviewsland-use data to be fed into a computermodel. The program helps protect aquifersfrom pollution by predicting potentialleaching of nitrate nitrogen. (K4012-17)

lthough the Agricul-tural Research Serviceof today is the largestsuch organization in

the world, its beginnings, in theearly 1950’s, were modest. At thattime, scientific research in USDAwas carried out separately atseveral facilities around thecountry. These were consolidatedto create the original USDAresearch agency—ARS.

Many landmark discoveries andobservations by scientific pioneersin agriculture became avenues thatcontinue to lead in productive andfascinating directions. Today’sARS scientists often find themselvesin the vanguard of technologicalexcitement that cuts acrosstraditional boundaries.

Let’s start with biotechnology, aterm that applies to 10-12 percentof our programs. ARS researchersuse such state-of-the-art techniquesas cell and tissue culture, proto-plast fusion, embryo manipulationand transfer, and recombinant genetransfer. Many of these projectsimplement genetic engineering, adevelopment recently termed by apanel of experts as “one of the fourmajor science revolutions of thiscentury, on a par with unlockingthe atom, escaping Earth’s gravity,and the computer revolution.”

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• Through molecular biology, newvaccines to prevent diseases inanimals and poultry, such as arecent inoculum to curb foot-and-mouth disease in livestock.

• The use of monoclonal anti-bodies to detect both animal andplant diseases and to studyproteins that may form the basisfor new animal vaccines.

• Importation of more insects tocombat pest insects, includingstingless wasps from Europe toprotect alfalfa from the alfalfablotch leafminer.

• Chemicals from insects, plants,and other natural sources thatcontrol or disrupt the growthand reproduction of insect pests.

• Increasing use of sex phero-mones and other semio-chemicals to trap and eradicatea growing variety of insect pests.

• Many new findings in humannutrition, including the fact thattoo much salt and not enoughpotassium in U.S. diets areincreasing Americans’ chancesof developing hypertension.

• Solution of many problemsassociated with no-till farming,to help extend the applicabilityof this promising system forconserving soil and water.

• Computer models that use theknowledge of experts in manyscientific fields to monitor andsolve a growing number of man-agement and technologicalproblems.

• Predetermination of sex by a cellsorter and laser beam offer thelivestock industry faster progressin genetics, increased efficiency,and greater productionflexibility.

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In determining regional and whole-bodybone and soft tissue composition, HenryLukaski gets a little help from a studyvolunteer. (K4763-13)

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Agricultural researchcontinues to push theenvelope. Not onlydoes it increase the re-

turn on investment for producers;ARS work on value-added productsalso helps enhance America‘s mar-ket position abroad—through betterfabrics, new ways to improve dairyproducts, biodegradable foodwraps, and inks made from soy-bean oil instead of petroleum, toname just a few advancementsresulting from ARS research.

ARShas aproudtradition ofhumanitariancontributions,beginning with thebreakthrough that tookpenicillin out of thelaboratory and intomass production;it‘s been savinglives ever since.At the foundation of the worldwideGreen Revolution was ARS-collected germplasm containinggenes for hardier, more productivewheat. Result: Yields in less-

Agricultural research more thanpays for itself. Nearly every esti-mate of the rate of return on invest-ment in agricultural research overthe past three decades is between35 and 45 percent a year, and theproduction figures for the last 5years show an annual return higherthan 45 percent. The transfer ofARS-generated technology into theprivate sector adds clout to Ameri-can competitiveness in worldmarkets. One example: Thewater-locking commercial successknown as Superslurper, with usesas diverse as fuel filters and dispos-able diapers, was devised by ARSas a new use for surplus corn.

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Research With a Payoff

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A peek at the interior of a heifer viaultrasound scanner reveals a close-up ofreproductive structures. (K4322-20)

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Chemical engineer Patricia Slininger isdeveloping the necessary technology tomass-produce Pseudomonas fluorescens, abiocontrol agent against take-all, a wheatdisease. (K4210-15)

• More crops will be able to fixtheir own nitrogen in the soil.

• The rate of efficiency of photo-synthesis will be increased fromthe present 1 percent to 10percent through enhancement ofa plant’s energy conversionsystems.

• Through genetics, plant growthwill be modified to obtain higherratios of edible to nonedibleparts, longer seedfilling times,improved structural strength,and higher yields of economi-cally important plantconstituents.

• The nutritive value of manycrops, including small grains,will be improved.

• Plant growth will be regulatedto allow harvest of fruits andvegetables of uniform ripeness.

• Sex ratios of animal offspringwill be controlled; males orfemales will be produced asdesired.

• Livestock will be protectedagainst injury from insects,parasites, and disease.

• Membrane research will lead toimproved crop nutrition, better

developed nations increased sodramatically that whole populationshave become self-sufficient inagriculture.

And the future of scientific inquiryin agriculture promises to be evenmore challenging and exciting. Weforesee the day when:

• Better ways will be found tocurb postharvest losses of grain,which in developing countrieskeep as much as 40 percent ofharvested crops from reachingconsumers’ tables.

• Crops will be much less suscep-tible to insect damage anddisease.

• Insect, weed, and diseasecontrol will be carried out effec-tively without polluting theenvironment or otherwiseendangering human health.

• High crop yields can besustained without damage tobasic natural resources like soiland water.

conversion of solar energy, andtargeted delivery of drugs.

• The effects of trace minerals,vitamins, and other nutrients onhuman health and well-beingwill be more fully understood.

• New foods, from eitherunexploited plant species ornew byproducts, will reduce ourdependence on some 18 basiccrops, including 5 that provideabout 60 percent of humancaloric intake.

The Agricultural Research Service isseeking new scientists with the intel-ligence, daring, and vision to ex-plore the global challenges facingtomorrow's agriculture.

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Questions and AnswersAbout Jobs With ARS

How can I learn about job openings in ARS?Announcements of ARS job openings can be accessedon the ARS World Wide Web site. The address ishttp://wwww.ars.usda.gov. Announcements are available at

college placement offices and Federal Job Information Centers. Profes-sional societies and faculty members associated with ARS may also haveinformation on vacancies, and position announcements are posted at ARSlaboratories and research facilities nationwide—many are located on ornear college campuses. You may also obtain job information by writing toUSDA Agricultural Research Service, Human Resources Division, 5601Sunnyside Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-5103.

USDA research positions in the life sciences are advertised in vacancylistings. You must apply specifically for an announced vacancy. After yourbasic qualifications have been reviewed, your undergraduate and gradu-ate work, references, and other materials are evaluated by scientists inyour field against the requirements of the job. Those applicants identifiedas best qualified for the position are referred to the selecting official or su-pervisor of the position for final consideration and selection.

What are the starting salaries?Research scientists in ARS usually start at the GS-11 or GS-12level (salaries ranging from the thirties to fifties depending onqualifications). In addition, Federal employment provides an

attractive benefits package that includes paid holidays, flexible workschedules, vacation and sick leave, health and life insurance coverage,and a retirement plan.

Since ARS is a Federal employer, how do I apply fora position?You may send a resumé, curriculum vitae, or Optional Applica-tion for Federal Employment (OF-612). A copy of your transcripts

must be attached. Be sure your application includes: the vacancyannouncement number, title, and grade(s); your citizenship; and highesteducational level achieved with type and year of degree. If you submit aresumé, the following information must be included: Full name, ZIPCode mailing address, telephone number, Social Security number,country of citizenship, veterans' preference (if any), reinstatementeligibility, and highest Federal civilian grade held. Note education (nameof high school, college, etc., type and year of degree), work experience(give job title, duties and accomplishments, employer's name and addressand phone number, hours per week, and salary), and other qualificationsthat may be considered (training courses, job-related skills, certificatesand licenses, honors, awards, etc.).

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Must I be a U.S. citizen to work for ARS?U.S. citizenship is required for employment as a career scientistwith ARS.

How does ARS make selections?The selection of new scientists is based on education andresearch backgrounds and the specific needs of the agency.ARS professional scientific positions generally require a doctoraldegree (or substantial progress toward a doctoral degree) in one

of the physical or biological sciences. Written tests are not part of theselection process.

What opportunities exist for my professionaldevelopment?Because USDA must respond promptly to the changing techno-logical needs of U.S. and world agriculture, ARS scientists must

keep up-to-date on the most significant advances in their respective fieldsof research. To maintain the highest level of scientific expertise, ARSprovides its scientists with as many opportunities for professionaldevelopment as possible.

ARS encourages its researchers to attend scientific meetings, symposia,conferences, and conventions throughout the United States and aroundthe world. Travel and participation expenses are usually paid by theGovernment. The proximity of most ARS facilities to college and univer-sity campuses also serves as an inducement to continuing education.Research-related graduate and postgraduate courses can often be taken atGovernment expense during official time or off-duty hours.

Professional development can also include supervisory, managerial, andadministrative training, and several courses from Government andnon-Government sources are available for this purpose.

How does ARS reward excellence in job performance?ARS strongly believes that recognition of a job well done is thebest motivation to encourage and sustain outstanding perfor-mance. Scientists can receive monetary awards for outstanding

performance. In addition to these individual awards, ARS has several spe-cial award programs that recognize scientific excellence.

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A field experiment with corn, sorghum, andsunflowers generates information to be fedinto computer plant-growth models.(K3222-1)

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How will my research position be evaluated forpromotions?In ARS, research scientists’ positions are evaluated for promotionat set intervals by panels. The panels consist of a management

representative, a personnel representative, and five research scientists. Twoof the research scientists on the panel must be in the same or similar workarea as the researcher being evaluated. The information submitted to thepanel for review is prepared by the scientist and includes summaries of thescientist’s most important accomplishments and selected publications.

What are the attitude and policy of ARS toward itsscientists publishing their research findings?Technology transfer and the timely dissemination of newknowledge are essential to the overall mission of ARS. The

research process is considered incomplete until the results are reportedand made available to the scientific community at large. ARS scientists areencouraged to present their findings in refereed journals, in agency anddepartment publications, and at scientific meetings. Personal recognitionand full professional credit are always given for authorship.

Am I allowed to benefit financially from patentsbased on my research with ARS?ARS has always been one of the leading Federal agencies toprovide incentives to reward its researchers for patenting

research results to enhance commercial development. For example, ARSprovides that inventors share 25 percent of all income received frompatent licensing activities. Annual Technology Transfer Awards are givento outstanding researchers where the research has been successfullytransferred to the public. Patents are recognized by ARS as potentiallyhaving equal value to articles in refereed journals as documentation ofresearch accomplishments, particularly where the patented research istransferred to the public.

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Technician Shawn Thomas collects wildgeranium heads to check the effectivenessof biocontrols in a field. (K3664-7)

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Distinguished Scientist of the Year

This honor, the highest conferred by the Agricultural Research Service,is awarded annually for scientific achievement and leadership.

Autar K. Mattoo, Beltsville, Maryland

Donald W. Reeves, Auburn, Alabama

Ronald Fayer, Beltsville, Maryland

Patrick V. Vail, Fresno, California

Lawrence A. Johnson, Beltsville, Maryland

Forrest H. Neilsen, Grand Forks, North Dakota

Virginia H. Holsinger, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania

Vernon G. Pursel, Beltsville, Maryland

John R. Gorham, Pullman, Washington

Norman F. Cheville, Ames, Iowa

Chester C. McWhorter, Stoneville, Mississippi

Janice M. Miller, Ames, Iowa

Thomas J. Sexton, Beltsville, Maryland

Richard F. Wilson, Raleigh, North Carolina

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Ready for the greenhouse, new varieties ofseedless grapes are transplanted fromgrowth chamber containers to soil pots.(K3681-3)

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Materials engineer Patricia Bel-Berger andchemists Bill Goynes (center) and EugeneBlanchard examine scanning electronmicrographs (SEM's) that show the structureof a white-speck nep at the USDA-ARSSouthern Regional Research Center, in NewOrleans, LA.(K7590-2)

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Beltsville Area

South Atlantic Area

WA

Northern Plains Area

IDND

CA

OR

NV

UT

AZNM

Southern Plains Area

(Includes PR and VI)

Philadelphia

MT

WY

Fort Collins

College Station

TX

CO

SDNorth Atlantic Area

OK

KS

AR

NE

MN

IA

MO

LA

Peoria

WI

IL

MS

TN

KY

AL

Mid SouthArea

Athens

IN

GA

FL

SC

OH

NC

VA

WV

MI

PA NJ

ME

NH

VTNY

MA

CT RI

DE

MD

Stoneville

HI

AK

PRVI

Albany

Pacific West Area(Includes AK and HI)

Midwest Area

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Agricultural Research ServiceLocations Throughout theUnited States

Area Headquarters

Research CentersERRC, Philadelphia, PANCAUR, Peoria, ILSRRC, New Orleans, LAWRRC, Albany, CABARC, Beltsville, MDNADC, Ames, IAPIADC, Plum Island, NYRichard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GARoman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NEJamie Whitten Delta States Research Center, Stoneville, MS

Human Nutrition Research CentersBeltsville, MDBoston, MAGrand Forks, NDHouston, TXSan Francisco, CA

Research LocationsDoes not include the 41 U.S. and international worksites.

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The Agricultural ResearchService is a satisfying,exciting, and profession-ally rewarding place

for a scientist to work.

It’s satisfying because our researchsolves important problems. ARSscientists provide new approachesand new technologies needed byconsumers, producers, and industry.We design these approaches in amanner that is safe to our environ-ment. We seek ways to producemore and better food and fiber... tocontrol insect pests and weedssafely... to get food to consumers inbetter condition... to improvehuman nutrition... to help protectsoil, water, and air... and to findnew uses for agriculturalcommodities.

It’s exciting because so much of ourresearch is on the leading edge ofscience... in highly visible programswith broad public support. Currentresearch involves biotechnology,including molecular biology,genetic engineering, and membraneresearch... application of theories ofartificial intelligence to computertechnology... innovative approachesto pest control through insect neuro-chemistry and use of pheromones.Each ARS scientist is employedbecause of his or her unique train-ing and abilities as a researcher.

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Private industry joins hands with Federalresearch. Randy Deaton, left, fromMonsanto Co., helps ARS geneticist DougWilson assess damage to a cotton plant frommarauding beet armyworms. (K4374-1)

Why Join theAgricultural ResearchService?

It’s professionally rewardingbecause each ARS scientist is adedicated full-time researcher.Our researchers work in modern,well-equipped laboratories andenjoy a free and open associationwith colleagues within the agency,universities, and industry. Paidattendance at professional meet-ings and symposia and assistancein securing agency patents alsohelp make a career with ARSrewarding and satisfying.

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Personal Development andCareer Advancement

ARS career employees enjoyopportunities for individual devel-opment. The agency providestraining and in some cases tuitionassistance so employees canpursue advanced education orparticipate in programs that pro-mote self-improvement, training,and career advancement.

Equal EmploymentOpportunity

ARS is determined to recruit andadvance qualified employees fromall cultural and ethnic back-grounds. Human relations andsensitivity training help ourpeople work smoothly with peersfrom different backgrounds.Employees are considered foremployment, promotion, andother worklife opportunities basedon their own merits without regardto race, color, sex, marital status,religion, age, nondisqualifyingdisability, national origin, politicalaffiliation, or any other nonmeritconsideration.

Retirement Plan

Federal retirement benefits featurea portable, Social Security-basedannuity program supported byGovernment and worker contribu-

tions. Employees may supplementtheir future retirement income byparticipating in the Thrift SavingsPlan, which offers the advantagesof an individual retirementaccount. The Governmentcontributes proportionately toThrift Savings accounts based onhow much money the worker hascontributed. Under the plan’ssupervision, employees maychoose how their funds areinvested.

Flexible Work Schedules

Employees’ schedules are oftenindividualized. They may bedesigned to meet both jobdemands and employees‘ personalneeds. Workers stationed inoffices or laboratories can usuallyvary their daily work hours, takevariable days off, or choose otherflexible schedules.

Quality of Worklife

The combination of generous ben-efits and progressive personnelpolicies gives ARS employees anunusually high quality of worklife.The agency strives to develop strat-egies that anticipate employeeneeds and contribute to their well-being. For example, ARS provides:

• Free, confidential counselingservices to employees withpersonal, family, or financialproblems.

• A leave donation program soemployees can help coworkerswho are stricken with majorillnesses or personalemergencies.

• Opportunities for employees toparticipate actively inpolicymaking through taskgroups and team-buildingexperiences.

• Flexible work schedules thatallow workers to vary their dailywork hours and/or days off.

• Employment and accommoda-tions for workers withdisabilities.

• Information about daycarefacilities available at manylocations.

• Fitness centers and creditunions at many locations.

• Paid holidays, vacation, andsick leave.

Workstyle

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Plant molecular biologist AthanasiosTheologis hunts for genes related to plantaging. Electrophoresis allows him toseparate and match nucleotide sequences ofDNA fragments. (K3489-1)

Science Hall of Fame

The ARS Science Hall of Famehonors the lifetime achievementsof outstanding scientists who areeither retired or eligible to retire.Current members include:

Howard L. BachrachFred W. BlaisdellMyron K. BrakkeGlenn W. BurtonTheodore C. ByerlyFrancis E. ClarkDouglas R. DeweyGordon E. DickersonTheodor O. DienerHerbert J. DuttonEdgar E. HartwigCharles Jackson HearnRalph E. HodgsonRobert W. HolleyVirgil A. JohnsonEdward F. KniplingHamish N. MunroKarl H. NorrisWilson A. ReevesErnest R. SearsGeorge F. SpragueJohn F. SullivanJose Vicente-ChandlerOrville A. VogelCecil H. WadleighJohn H. WeinbergerWalter H. Wischmeier

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Even after earning theirdoctoral degrees, manyscientists are still uncer-tain about their profes-

sional future and remain atacademic institutions to continuetheir studies while exploring careerpossibilities. With this in mind,

ARS offers new Ph.D.’s a chance tocompete in its PostdoctoralResearch Associate Program. Thisprogram provides for short-term,noncareer appointments to salariedpositions on specific researchprojects. Applicants must havecompleted requirements for a Ph.D.

degree before their employment;ARS prefers candidates with nomore than 3 years of postdoctoralexperience. The agency usuallyhires research associates at theGS-11 grade level. They earnvacation and sick leave at the samerate as all new employees in theFederal Government. Associateswith appointments of more than 1year are also eligible for health andlife insurance benefits.

Since 1980, more than 750 candi-dates have signed up for the 2-yearARS Postdoctoral Research Asso-ciate Program. And during the past5 years, over 100 of them haveearned employment as permanent,full-time ARS scientists. The pro-gram offers a unique opportunityfor recent recipients of the doctoraldegree to conduct critically neededbasic research in association withsome of the most prominent scien-tists in their field. It also enablesthem to receive advanced andhighly specialized training andexperience that may not be avail-able anywhere else.

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Food technologist Alley Watada (left) andhorticulturist Ling Qi, who is visiting fromChina, prepare shredded carrots and otherfresh-cut produce for automatedmeasurement of respiration rate andethylene production a the USDA-ARSHorticultural Crops Quality Laboratory inBeltsville, MD.(K7514-7)

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The ARS PostdoctoralResearch AssociateProgram

A summer student in 1984, EverettForeman (left) became an engineer,returned to ARS, and now enjoysmentoring others. Here he showsFlorida A&M’s Cornelius Dunmorehow to use a portable sound levelmeter. (K7360-16)

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