To

1. The Director General Agriculture (Research), AARI, Faisalabad.

2. The Director General Agriculture (Extension), 21-Davis Road, Lahore.

3. Additional Secretary (Planning), Livestock & Dairy Development Department,

Punjab, Lahore

4. The Director Agriculture Information, 21-Davis Road, Lahore.

5. Dr. Manzoor Hussain, Director, Regional Agriculture Research Institute,

Bahawalpur.

6. Mr. Mueen-ud-Din, SSMS, Agronomy Adaptive Research Farm, Vehari.

7. Dr. Muhammad Rasheed, Research Officer, Livestock Experimental Station, Rakh

Ghulman, District Bhakkar

Subject: A SHORT FEASIBILITY STUDY TO DETERMINE THE ECONOMIC

VIABILITY AND ADAPTABILITY OF MORINGA

Pursuant to the meeting held on 03.01.2018 on plantation of Moringa, a committee was

constituted vide Notification No. SOA (Ext) 1-66/17 dated 03.01.2018.

In this regards a series of meetings were conducted to prepare outline for moringa subsidy

(sent on 18.1.2018). Further meetings / telephonic discussions / exchange of emails were

done among the committee comprising Dr. Abid (The Director General Agriculture

(Research), AARI, Faisalabad), Dr. Manzoor Hussain (Director, Regional Agriculture

Research Institute, Bahawalpur), Mr. Mueen-ud-Din (SSMS, Agronomy Adaptive Research

Farm, Vehari) and Dr. Muhammad Rasheed (Research Officer, Livestock Experimental

Station, Rakh Ghulman, District Bhakkar) to prepare a short feasibility study to determine the

economic viability and adaptability of Moringa.

The feasibility study is attached.

(PROF. DR. SHAHZAD M.A. BASRA)

Department of Agronomy,

University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.

Convener

Committee for Moringa Promotion

Phone: Cell: +92 333 6519675

Off: +92 41 2619675

shehzadbasra@gmail.com

Copy for Information:

1) The Secretary Agriculture, Government of the Punjab, Lahore.

2) Additional Secretary (Planning), Agriculture, Department, Government of the

Punjab, Lahore.

WORK PLAN FOR MORINGA CULTIVATION IN PUNJAB

ECONOMIC VIABILITY

There are different planting geometries to grow moringa. The most important one is intensive

cultivation as tree crop for seed purpose. For this purpose 2-4 ft saplings are transplanted at

10 feet apart rows with 6 feet plant to plant distance. As a result maximum 726 plants can be

planted from Feb to March and then July to September. Cost benefit ratio sheet is attached.

Estimated expenditures per acre are about PKR 73,750 while profits can be earned from PKR

5,50,000 to 12,00,000 if the potential markets are fully explored.

ADAPTABILITY

Government has to take strategic measures to popularize moringa and to get its potential

benefits. For this purpose targeted research based on market and end users problems,

provision of processing facilities at subsidized rates, training of field staff to guide the

farmers, awareness campaign on large scale to popularize moringa among masses, farmers

and targeted markets, establishment of quality testing and export demand labs and

certification, and facilitation of export need due consideration.

(a) Research

For large scale moringa plantation following researchable areas have been identified to be

addressed in near future program

a) Screening of moringa landraces for fodder value, crop growth enhancer and

human consumption.

b) Screening of moringa landraces/germplasm against different soil and

environmental conditions

c) Leaf biomass dehydration protocols for preservation of high quality produce

d) Fabrication of moringa seed oil extraction machines

e) Preparation of moringa seed cake for cattle

f) Evaluation of dose and methods of moringa fresh and dry powder, and seed

cake as milk enhancer and fattening of dairy animals

g) Marketable products of moringa fresh leaf or its dry powder extracts as crop

growth enhancer

h) Incorporation of moringa in various food products and their acceptability and

effect on various health issues and disease management.

i) Fine tuning of production technology of moringa for tree, intensive cultivation

for seed and biomass production

MANAGEMENT

Government has to take strategic steps to materialize the tangible benefits of moringa in the

society

1) Subsidy: Already planned and approved. PKR 3000 per acre for the purchase of

saplings only

2) Extension: Comprehensive training workshops of extension staff by the experts

and launching of moringa awareness campaign by Agri Extension department

3) Establishment of export quality Moringa Park: At industrial area like Multan

Industrial Zone, an export quality Moringa Park is suggested with following

facilities.

i) Moringa leaf dehydration machines

Government should provide moringa leaf dehydration machines at

subsidized rates to the farmers. As a result the farmers will be able

to prepare moringa dry powder at farm level for marketing.

Showcasing, training and sale of dehydration machines for farmers

at Moringa Park

Training of extension staff / farmers for leaf biomass harvesting,

dehydration and packing.

Quality testing facilities of the produce.

ii) Moringa seed oil extraction units

The most premium quality produce of moringa is its seed oil. At Moringa

Park, oil extraction units may be established which can rent out the facility

of oil extraction to farmers for free or subsidized rates.

iii) Seed Cake

In Moringa Park seed cake preparation facilities need to be established

which can offer services to the farmers.

4). Establishment of Moringa labs at Moringa Park and at Universities/research institutes

to test and certify the different products.

5). Marketing. A comprehensive marketing plan is needed. The major potential markets for

moringa leaf powder are dairy sector, poultry feed, fertilizer industry to promote it as crop

growth enhancer, herbal supplement to human and animals, cosmetics. Moringa seed oil can

attract cosmetic industry. Moringa seed cake as animal feed.

6). Moringa Consultancy / help desk. To guide the marketing and export of the moringa

experts may be appointed to help/guide the moringa stakeholders for all aspects from

plantation to marketing. Use of print, social, electric and IT may be exploited.

Cost of Production of Moringa as Seed Crop

Number of trees per acre = 726

S.NO Operations / Inputs Average

no. of cost /unit

cost /acre

oprs/units/acre Rs Rs

1 Land Preparation

1.1 Land preparation (ploughing planking) 1 2000 2000

1.2 Digging of pits (726 per acre) 1 10 7260

Sub Total 9260

2 SOWING OPERATIONS

2.1 Saplings 1 8 5808

2.2 Transport 1 1000 1000

2.2 Transplanting of saplings (Man days) 3 600 1800

Sub Total 8608

3 INTERCULTURE / HOEING

3.1 Weeding 3 3000 9000

Sub Total 9000

4 IRRIGATION

4.1 Water courses Cleaning (Man days) 2 521 1042

4.2 Irrigations 10 600 6000

Sub Total 7042

5 FERTILIZER

5.1 Farm Yard Manure (Trolly) 1 1100 1100

5.2 pit filling (F.Y.M) 1100

Sub Total 2200

6 PLANT PROTECTION

6.1 Treatment (Termiticide + Labour) 1400

Sub Total 1400

7 HARVESTING / STRIPPING & LOADING

7.1 Harvesting (pruning, removing leaves and pods)

12 700 8400

7.2 Miscellenous operations 2000

Sub Total 10400

8 Land Rent for 12 Month Rs.25,000 1 25000 25000

9 Agrcultural Income Tax 12 Months 97

10 Managment Charges for 12 Months of a Manager 1 1800 1800

@Rs15,000 /15,000 PM for 100 Acres

Sub Total 26897

11 Gross Cost (Item 1 to 10) 74807

Potential revenue 1 1.1 Seed Yield Per Acre (kgs) 0.5 kg per tree 0.5 x 726 363.00

Net profit per acre from seed 1000 per kg 1000 x 363

363000.00

1.2 oil recovery (Solvent extraction) Recovery= 25% .25 x 363 90 L per acre

Market price of oil Rs 8000 per kg 720000.00

Transpotation and Extraction cost Rs 100 per kg 36300.00

Net profit per acre from oil (250% more profit than seed) 683700.00

2 2.1 Dry leaf yield per acre (livestock quality)

870 kg* Rs 400 per kg for livestock

348000.00

labour, transport and drying cost 100 per kg 87000.00

Net profit per acre from dry powder 261000.00

2.2 Dry leaf yield per acre (human quality)

700 kg Rs 700 per kg for livestock

490000.00

labour, transport and drying cost 150 per kg 105000.00

Net profit per acre from dry powder 385000.00

*6 kg fresh leaf biomass per tree once at harvesting time. 6 kg x 726 plants = 4365 kg, 20% is dry leaf powder recovery, 4365 x 0.2 = 870

Possible options of profit per acre

1. Seed + Dry powder for livestock 549192.96

2. Oil + Leaf powder for human 993892.96

3. Seed + Leaf powder for Human 673192.96

4. Oil + Lef powder for Livestock 869892.96

Moringa Seed and biomass productivity

Moringa Intensive Cultivation for Seed and Oil

(A) Planting density 6 × 10 ft. = 726 plants/acre

(Total plants in 1 acre 6ft × 10ft = 60 ft2 = 43560 ft2 ÷ 60 ft2 = 726 plants)

Seed Yield = 0.5 kg/plant

Seed Yield = 0.5 kg × 726 kg = 363 kg / acre (0.363 tons/ acre) Oil recovery from 1 kg seed is 25% by solvent based extraction while half by cold press

Oil recovery (solvent extraction) = 363 kg × 0.25 = 90 L / acre / year 1 tree produces fresh leaves biomass (once a year at the time of seed harvest by heavy pruning) = 6 kg Fresh leaves biomass = 6 kg × 726 = 4356 kg / acre / year (4.356 tons/ acre/ year) Dry powder recovery is 20%

Dry leaf powder recovery = 4356 × 0.2 = 871.2 kg/acre /year (0.8712 tons/ acre/ year)

(21 mounds)

(B) Planting density 6×13 ft. = 558 plants/acre

Seed yield (0.5 kg per plant) =558×0.5= 279 kg seeds/acre /year

Oil recovery (30%) = 83.7 liter /acre /year

Fresh Leaf Biomass production =3348kg or 3.348 tones/acre/annum

Dry Leaf Powder = 669.6 kg or 0.6696 tones/acre /annum

Total no of irrigations: Nov-Feb: one irrigation per month

March-June = Two irrigations per month

July – Sep = depends on rains

Total no of irrigations = 16-20 /annum

For Nursery raising

Seeds in 1 kg = 3000-6000 = 4000 seeds (average)

1 kg seeds can prepare nursery for = 4000 seeds ÷ 726 trees = 5.5 acres

For 10000 acres require seeds

5.5 acres require seeds = 1 kg

1 acre require seed = 1 ÷ 5.5

Seed required to prepare nursery for 10000 acres

= 1 ÷ 5.5 × 10000 = 1818.18 kg seeds (1.8181 tons/ acre/ year)

Nearly 45 mounds

Moringa Intensive Cultivation for Fodder / Leaf Biomass

Planting density =1ft × 2ft

Plant population = 43560 ft2 ÷ 2 ft

2 = 21780 plants / acre

2 seeds per hill, 4000 seeds per kg = 8-10 kg seeds required for 1 acre

Biomass production

Dry Season (April-June and Oct)

Fresh leaf biomass = 0.3 kg / plant /cutting

= 21780 kg × 0.3 = 6534 kg/ acre (6.534 tons / acre)

Dry powder recovery (20%) = 6534 × 0.2 = 1306.8 kg/ acre (1.3068 tons / acre)

Monsoon Season (July-Sep)

Fresh leaf biomass = 0.5 kg / plant /cutting

Fresh leaves biomass = 21780 kg × 0.5 = 10890 kg/ acre (10.890 tons / acre)

Dry powder recovery = 10890 × 0.2 = 2178 kg (2.178 tons/ acre)

Fresh Leaf Biomass Production = 17424 kg / acre / year (17.424 tones / acre / year)

Fresh Dry Leaf Powder Production = 3,484 kg / acre / year (3.484 tones / acre / year)

Expected moringa Annual production from 10,000 acres after years

6ft × 10ft = 60 ft2

Total plants in 1 acre= 43560 ft2 ÷ 60 ft

2 = 726 plants

Total plants in 10000 acres = 726 × 10000 = 7260000 plants

Seed Yield per plant = 0.5 kg

Seed Yield per 10000 acre = 0.5 kg × 7260000 kg = 3630000 kg/ acre

(3630 tons/ 10000 acre/ year)

Oil recovery from 1 kg seed is 32%

7260000 trees will produce = 3630000 kg × 0.32 = 1161600 L

1 tree produce fresh leaves biomass = 6 kg

7260000 trees will produce fresh leaves biomass = 6 kg × 7260000 =

43560000 kg/ 10000 acre/ year

(43560 tons/ 10000 acre/ year)

Dry powder recovery is 20%

So, 43560000 kg fresh leaves Dry powder recovery = 43560000 × 0.2 =

8712000 kg/ 10000 acre/ year

(8172 tons/ 10000 acre/ year)

Moringa Recommended Block Dimension

6ft × 12ft = 72 ft2

Total plants in 1 acre= 43560 ft2 ÷ 72 ft

2 = 605 plants

Total plants in 10000 acres = 605 × 10000 = 6050000 plants

Seed Yield per plant = 0.5 kg

Seed Yield per 10000 acre = 0.5 kg × 6050000 kg = 3025000 kg/ 10000 acre/ year

(3025 tons/ 10000 acre/ year)

Oil recovery from 1 kg seed is 32%

7260000 trees will produce = 3025000 kg × 0.32 = 968000 L

1 tree produce fresh leaves biomass = 6 kg

6050000 trees will produce fresh leaves biomass = 6 kg × 6050000 =

36300000 kg/ 10000 acre/ year

(36300 tons/ 10000 acre/ year)

Dry powder recovery is 20%

So, from 36300000 kg fresh leaves Dry powder recovery = 36300000 × 0.2 =

7260000 kg/ 10000 acre/ year

(7260 tons/ 10000 acre/ year