A study of the performance d tili ti f th and utilization of the
Swedish railway networkSwedish railway networkAnders LindfeldtRoyal Institute of TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology2011-02-03
IntroductionIntroduction
• The load on the railway network increases steadily, and with the up-coming deregulation of railway traffic it will increase even morerailway traffic, it will increase even more.
• Need to get a picture how the railway network is • Need to get a picture how the railway network is utilized and how it is performing.
• Analyzing an entire network manually is time consuming • Use available data in automatic procedures to calculate
useful measurements of performance.
Swedish railwaySwedish railway
• 8 100 km of single track,1 900 km of double track.
• High capacity utilization on the main lines.
• Great speed differences between trains on the same track (high speed trains and freight the same track (high speed trains and freight trains).
MethodMethod
• Extract relevant data from several different databases regarding:
I f t t- Infrastructure- Timetable (planned)
Train properties (operational data)- Train properties (operational data)- Delays (operational data)
• Divide the network into smaller parts according to traffic patterns and type of g p ypinfrastructure.
MethodMethod
• Define parameters describing the properties Define parameters describing the properties of the lines.
• Compute the parameters for each part of the network.
• Use maps to present the data to make it easy to get an overview of the status of the to get an overview of the status of the network.
• Perform an analysis to find out if any of the parameters can be used to explain the delays.
Parameters
• Infrastructure- Station distance, station track lengths
Sh f t ti ith th th t k- Share of stations with more than three tracks- Share of stations with parallel movement facility
• Timetable- Number of trains running during different parts of the dayg g p y
Parameters
• Train properties- Mean speeds
S d h t it- Speed heterogeneity- Freight train mass, length, nr of axles- Gross weight / dayGross weight / day
• Delaysy- Share of trains that have received an additional delay- Median delay/km of the delayed trains
Data sourcesInfrastruktur Tidtabell Trafik Förseningar
Enkelspår: Antal tåg per dag Godståg Persontåg/GodstågAvstånd mellan mötestationer (km) Totalt/Persontåg/Godstågmin Antal tåg per dag Vikt (ton) Andel merförsenade tågmax minmedel Antal tåg per timme: max Median merförsening normerat medmedel Antal tåg per timme: max Median merförsening normerat medstandardavvikelse Totalt/Persontåg/Godståg medel sträckans längd [min/100 km]
Under maxtimmen Maxtimmen standardavvikelseAndel 3-spårs stationer På morgonen 06-09 Standardavvikelse merförsening normerat
På eftermiddagen 15-18 Längd (m) med sträckans längd [min/100 km]Andel stationer med samtidig infart På eftermiddagen 16-17 min
Under dagtid 9-15 och 18-20 maxDubbellspår: Under natten 20-06 medelAvstånd mellan förbigångsstationer (km) standardavvikelsemin Hastighet (km/h)max Persontåg/Godståg Antal axlarmedel max minmedel max minstandardavvikelse min max
medel medelAlla banor och stationer (m): median standardavvikelseHinderfri längdmin Hastighetskillnader Axellast
d l t d d ik l imedel standardavvikelse minmax standardavvikelse/medel max
95 percentilen/10 percentilen medelstandardavvikelse
Bruttoton/dag (ton)g ( )
PersontågAndel med ≤ 12Andel med > 12
Databas: Databas: Databas: Databas:BIS T08.3 BANSTAT TFÖRMätperiod: Mätperiod: Mätperiod: Mätperiod:2008-12-19 2008-10-09 2008-10 2008-09 och 2008-10
Number of trains / dayNumber of trains / day
• Black: Total number of trains.Black: Total number of trains.
• Green: Freight trains.g
• Range: 0-267 trains/day and direction.
• Freight trains dominate in the north and passenger trains around the bigger cities.
f f h d h• Mix of freight and passenger trains on the double track lines in the south.
Average speed (all trains)52
46
Average speed (all trains)54
50
735
70
• Green: Low speed.60
73
77
5361
75
• Red: High speed.
R 23 142 k /h58
73
73
65
6186 77
78
63
8
• Range: 23-142 km/h.
Hi h d d bl t k l d
5
94
76
63
75
122
34
6973
83
78
• High speed on double tracks, lower speed on single tracks due to frequent stops at crossing stations.
6772
91
99
12
22
83 56
127
116 136
65
87
8110
8
68
123 61
3
87
50
65
79
105
66
67
7679 g
9
70
96
8466
8
6286 11
2
107
105
61
63
7664
89
767
99
73 7988
78
89
104
64
82
71
100
94
60
75 79
7
66
81
Speed mix (all trains)2
2
Speed mix (all trains)1,1
1
6
12
1,8
• 95 percentile divided by the 10 percentile.1,3 1,1
1,6 ,2
1,9
• Green: Homogeneous speed.
R d H d1,4
1,3
1,1
1
2
1,5 1,1
1,3
• Red: Heterogeneous speed.
R 1 2 6 [ ]
1,8
2
1,7
1,
2
1,9
1,9
1,71 5
1,6
• Range: 1 - 2.6 [-]
• Lines with the most heterogeneous traffic are
1,4
2,22,3
1,9
2,1 1,7
1,3
2,31,7
1,21,7
1,51,9
2
1,3
1,6
2
3
1,1
,9
1,8
1
8
1
1,1
1,5
1,3
1,5
• Lines with the most heterogeneous traffic are the double track lines with extensive freight and passenger traffic.
1,5
1,72,4
1,2
1,3
1,9
1,8
1
1,8
1,7
1,2
2,31
1,4
1, 1,6
2,2
1,2
p g,7
2,61,6
1,4
1,1
1,1
1,1
1
1,2
1,1
1
1
Share of delayed trains 27
(passenger trains)
• Share of the passenger trains that have
31
4 • Share of the passenger trains that have received an additional delay [%].
34
• Green: A small share of the trains are delayed.
26
6
3036
20
45
18
• Red: A big share of the trains are delayed.
57
35
61
48
58 4131
45
7
50
• Range: 14 - 89 %.50
44
4
5227
19
4255
89
60 22
18
56
6415
26
45
42 22
45
36
26
37
50
• The highest values are due to temporary speed est ictions45
68
40
4
23
7
82
28
46
54
42
44
26
36
27 39
4825
26
speed restrictions.4 34 37
39 25
38 32
24
21
39
3626
41
4430
Station distance (mean)15
10
Station distance (mean)50
27
18
• Red: Long station distance.89
40
18
159
• Green: Short station distance.
R 5 5 89 k44
0
1712
22
16
8
1
• Range: 5.5 – 89 km.
U ll l di t b t idi
4
9
25
136
9
12
15
11
9
10
• Usually longer distances between siding stations (double track) than between crossing stations (single track).
478
10 20
733
16
4
9 12
9
16
6
17
10
5
9
10
9
11
18
17
12
16
12 6
( g )
23
8
11
20
16
17
14
15
15 26
10
9
6
12
9
10
13
8
14
16
28
14
26
6
7
1
18
11
9
10
16
6
Station track length vs. freight train length
• Share of the freight trains that are longer • Share of the freight trains that are longer than the mean track length of the stations on the line.
• Range: 0 – 61 %. (Green-Red)
• The effective station distance increase when crossings/sidings cannot be performed on all stations.
Delay correlations
• Investigate if the calculated parameters correlates to the delays on the lines. St i ltili i d• Stepwise multilinear regression used.
• Correlations found significant at the 0.05 level:
Train type Delay type Parameter Slope Passenger Share Total nr of trains/day 0.44 Passenger Share Mean speed (all trains) 0.42 Passenger Share Speed mix (all trains) 0.29 Freight Share Total nr of trains/day 0 57Freight Share Total nr of trains/day 0.57 Freight Share Share of stations with at least 3 tracks -0.46
General conclusions
• By defining suitable parameters based on data about infrastructure, timetable, train properties and delays, it is possible to perform a time efficient analysis of a it is possible to perform a time efficient analysis of a nationwide railway network.
• It has been shown that the following properties are correlated to the delays:- The total nr of trains/day- Mean speed and speed mix of the trains
Sh f t ti ith t l t 3 t k- Share of stations with at least 3 tracks
• Data quality issues• Data quality issues.
