A STUDY OF WARFARE DESCRIBED IN TAMIL ILAKKANAM
DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULRLMCNT OF THE REaUIMMENTt
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
Muittt of Sj^Jiiloiop^p IN
TAMIL
BY
N. CHANDRA SEGARAN. M. A.
Under the supervision of
Dr. D. S. VAKADAN M. A. (T«mn), M. A. (Hindi), Ph. O.
DEPARTMENT OF MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGES ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
ALIGARH (INDIA)
1 9 9 0
^•w- \ ^ ^ ^
iiiiiii DS1693
aiPAHTMHit at mmtm wmtm tMnomtM
tdOumnmiHt oof.
'mJLJBmmjLmMkJLJkJmmKLjLJm
1 5 - 0 5 . 5 0
fliia !• t9 certify th«t th« Di»MHrt«%i«i •0ti%l*(9 *A study
o i Warfar*^' d-- 'r1b«-xi i n Tenr.il I l akkanam* • f o r Kvl t i t l* Ai^rWi
ia faail »f UigmrH MutU» oiiiv»riitr# Aii^srh has baan Mapl^te^
tr Mr* >• eiiMi4r« s«9«riii «a4«r aqr OupwrvisiMW X% i« «ri9iii«l
io Mtara «iik! X Hmm pmtmlttmA tlw ••Mitfvtea «• Mtailt i t far
tua aaaaS af fW^niU dagtaa ia a«r«i«l ftelfilMatt af H,Phii.
4»«r«a» tia falf l ls all tha raiaa and rafaiaUaaa af tha
actfioaaaaa ^ thi* Oaivar»i«y«
0 r « D ,8 , VMIADMI)
uijB..-^co& <?JU'<S^;^^© CT«!I rs&rj^iDiu^ Q^rfkf}^&& Qanefa^fD^i,
QufTGifrfK) -Ziuq limpQeirrdien si^^^ M^^^ ^So:fi t>Wt)cifii
u&ff^ejtcjlt, crx^&^^ 'QA<ffirra) S}4< tu Qtorra^dr £'o)/D<St '£i'
&a!>/DuM. oOWfJfT Cuz7n-<9Wbft L.rrAj_rt-. G s . O " . G<£5rT £.?»') ^fj ft-
_sidicli^© ^1% <st^^S>& QarrCb^^ wiPtemlK}. s.(56JtffJ a.;"TJ9uj
r5e.*iufi&v:j&L>il> siiti rsd:frjla)iu^ Q^rfiifi^fJ& G)fin"«?r£ /D«!r,
Q<5fT6S<rf)f?/pd . <9^liu(TC: (:PCn/DiJls& ;5I1L.<#<» QiTluS UCM^^^ 03 ,Ga ,ff.G(.:.''J^' ,>"J A-fiibx*© crO' fi^0ts)iu^ G)/:rfhifl^L-A Z)s.ncJ:^pi:,
e.rftffrL_A«tS
1 , {J>dQy'Ci)rj ^ ' 8
2 . (Jurrrfl^ ^t^AJUCSiL.&'hiii CufTft# ^l^^sn^^ujii^ . . .10-54
3 , Q^r,&iSjnLiiS\\i}?LftlB) Cur r r t -
aO'3)/D# Q < F i & ^ ^ , . . . S 5 - 5 8
< * ( 5 A « ^ ©frflu/tlCi) ej%rT<^«95iS,
Qenm, - § enihupcsi rT
<9%)« ,urT , - .s^iJi/iiurruiJini
QuOil)ufTfift, - QuQiJ^uneurr (b&LiuoiL.
QunQef!» - G)Ufr(!5OT;:9s5mnS
0T ^u(T m^cn rr C ib .
(q /DiL, l 9 2 , Ois© 1 9 2 - u/Tt_c& era&an&ih,
C y p i b . 1 9 2 ; 5 - 6 , urrL-6u asS - 1 9 2 ; ^(^ aabsih 5-6)
j {5). CTc5<5^7, r<f/bi!)L/r 5 1 8 5 - 8 6 , mnesiA ere^ - 5,
j^tif. er(Si&sn 85 - 8 6 )
Off.nCunO)» ^ih ejn!:?om r^eof^^^ WarrsfK^^flM QurrOilto
cirr&JtJ) Gurrrf&eT/ £.(j;6iirr, f][)«T. ' Q * GufT<!'iyi(5rJ/TA€;tJ> /r[iLC,.";rc
0;5©«&<se). /^fJi3)uj QoiWciUW^ ^aW&& Qiueon^ Gunt' Gunn gPrf
fj^rj^Co Gf-ocJiunn^&'2 ,
' ,<5[4i' f))6uA<r,ej( m ftjdsflflai (*un"rf(yja)(D«s • C ij^ study of Warfax desc r ibed In Tamil )<:r&u& Q^^s t&f/Bl QurrOfi?*.
Ilakkanam*' ' w a r f a r e 'CTfi!;u, (5©iji currrt Qpasiij)^^^. n^et j^^;/t^.<ft
ejcs\&Uin^^fhuns. . as a case )6i(b^&!& QarritCTuucfftSifD^"-'. US^-^L.^-
«fT€u^£^ uX=?Lr>>'eu (3)6i;<4<£«?=j isr turrcr ^ «rrfii»«fn3Lftu y'ifl J5< t_<ft<5-n fU;&&i
^T cufTKi C3)aa.*Jurruin"ancuu/iS . ulG/iA Gmfiftasi ereu^goiurr^A a'5>ruuLl(t.
5~
e€nrTae{ih( warfare )&ens)^ loi^iu^tfl Cunrfi^i uaQej&>
Qffiu&fffn^oe^'Oin&e^ihi s t a g e s J c»urrrfAffiflr# G)<?iu€u«fifT«ftjJi
^ T a c t i c s ^^*^ •aiSoftt) Qufr©<ir fai<5B(T<^CTi3u(i)<5fl«arp3*f»
aQ^&JCiui^. QaC^ Sunrflsb Q^nu^^^uj ea^^Qunft erai&Q&nihai
(JcaeiOii, jj/«i)6!/rrfDn-Kik& ir<3 fta®«ft@<ft S0u(!>ih Quaifn^^ 'genes'^Suh
ufTiftaaacrA (oi«fr«5t(lL_rr, ff&^ ^eii^dkum^oa€n& Qan^Gurr jjdiarrSi
ofkn^^uuCUi^cnic;, erenQeu g;^ 'ao<S5f,ftft (J'^^QunOifl &nc)i^c:eM)
cAiA&ijk^ro^fir!iis!mLf)in& ( Deserlbtlve method)
C]C3CJ1U£JK) (lufTG«ft<5rrcT t>06u«rrijfiaft/<s&<ft •s/Duuej.saS/Dcr.
uCt)^,.3L/uilO ''iifjrriujjiuCi><^ID«ii, G°ufTc<s)i7L5 u^r^ih GunftS^
^^^if\^f^ljL.ih Uffi^tb Qurrstarrer .^ts^Ciu.'Hi^& ^'^Sfsca pJ^i<i<suu(i)<sa?'c)fi3;.
^uafi^.f5\und^iiff,A, Qunif^.aen4 Qffiuebe.^, fJun^i^tr^jifB f^mv
Qei0(Sfl&(^m& &!lfVldtb^Si, u(TL.(Tii^ssK!a u(Tud)QuOit}i ^io^5fiifJ&
^0£9)ui^ ui!)0j^n& ^anio^s, 9® a%>j , i_d6^£7f^ iyfii<9 (2)
^ncaasaen clkn&@& cjfwaiurTsu, Currrt"iiDai)/D# w<y(&^<ft ^^[ftui^uCi)-
i'lLcnu •3<s5b uL.evit!S-(^ (.iurrrfku^ u^afku^rrs €ifkn^&Ciu(hd)^:{DC:',
air(m&, unuir(&, Qun&ofhu^o UUCD&^A tipOupS' Q^ii^enir'
Qiuj3#y^<!^n''^ • i^esm^fS^&ih Gm/JCJarrrfr QffijtijAmesterf erib^/sas^'
1 • *an act of violence Intended to ccnpel our opponent to fu l f i l our will*
—BritanicaBncyclopeadla, vol •VIII •?• 54.if.
2• IWar Is a political act usually undertaken only
when i t appears that a l l other alternatives have
fai led, — Britanica Bncyclopaedia,VQl,VIII,P.54,6
US.A/73-a75
4 , 'o(,^rTc*.',S)ufT(3<ff ,;s^ff(\,u , 2 92
^UJCt) ^ f J j l f l "
Ounrfdi ^'L9.iiu.'a)t_65(i>i2) Guni\4^i^^^^^uiPui
g)0A@A /^fDuJku GUfTff)* Ji/K)LJU "J)L><5( lfi UPflDiDS iil'li GeJi^Ullt-J^lO
QejeifCiucjiuiunesG^l
enncjn^^A aL'u-!i)&e0j G"iJrrt3A«rrcr ^ipd)«<?r iBrri-J) /ScT)eu<r3dK)
(S^^^csiU^iuHR: ineau(3un &<b&£tinQ) ^fiiiir>.^^«r, Q/5^ .eift_<&<93brr(iti
2) u^QejiJ aoiij^aJkona; QurrCS Jftuft) <*iJfiSL_ «5<tr, CT^SJ^D gjG ^^c'^ui'-
UfTi\S,(.^JyCurT£^ GurriJ sr^u^ ^e^e^ l^bOu^ih ff'^fsnnj jSisiCoid^Cb
^^en rnuQjurrej u6j7 s5K).iiq C impiase of the human mind)
u«5u)L_;§ ^uSU>nl& GuiTrfki& an0&(ja<z&iiu <%sjfr&^^
€inrjnia&€ifi^ i!P^dics!iniune!i3i2
CTirflJ C3rdl^i>^iivrT(f , Giwih, oii^.LiucsiL-^ iS^sstQsse!fn& ;^-si{DSiQufDn^
ffiansTTfl/L QieniQn& g)©<&a (JcJsStoii * CT^/D Qurr^i i utlhL^ £.(5QJ n^IR/Dfin.
fb^cTSiinC m a t e r i a l )&(Ttffi^^ afiSuoj^su/ii f^us^Surrfi/^ .SfTiJcui
e.«7ia^ai /rfS/TJioajg/C p s y c h o l o g i c a l )€r<!ru ^^u^il) Zjnfl[^Gpnib,
QttiifjurTR!! uipuu(&q, ij^dnanrcnff (iL^a^jjftl.^tfrfe'iS ^ A «
- - <i<5?)(i/ •ffiiTfrc3ft(«CTrri.'!'ti
9<;!-iP, CTc*^ LOfT&'LG/lijpjfTrf ffif!iGafTili_^an;5u;'J) C?uiTOi <!J;rrfir .Rrri jcj©-
Silcfkj'J^i^a^iJ, ff&s^Bnoj^j^ toGfljjJ^^A ^&€a^(5^ ^jio^Qe^miL.
^nrfl-i^L-Qaj £2.nlTiu).-3)iu / ;>in)n;rrtlL_c5, 5 ) lorr^er)nff Q<st^^(&,
6 )QunriDrr,jL0t4:L 4fflii Gpjt!.L'3).aii;'.!), 7)Qu«*G5;rrL_£t), 8)':JC!Lai7CilJ
s^n^^dbf 9)^sj)eji^Ui eJl5i^ut.h, 10) iAi)&dutLL. ui(pCiu^n,
; ^ 0 ^ ^ QuanffjiiJ^^no' anrja&&£)in&^ io)f;n^^^k,uuiLih^iaier ,9
(oGcjcDfir; ciujrTGfiJfiSi ^(b^fisA Q;2n"an€U^ytfi
1. siu^^i'i ,n|U).i3un)L_ ( P o l i t i c a l ) 2 , u/<5fT<?r:i!)«E5 ii|(r3iJUrif)L. ( i d l o i o g l c a l ) 5 , cftJrt^al .«vtai3uGni_ (emotional) 4 . ffiPRu QunCaain^nrj <^\^Ciua!iu (Socio»economlc)
^isij!iu.^)L.&^ kiifjf^una^ 3iCjL.^p;&&ei,
Qun&e^d) ,T|tq.tjiufl3L.ffirff Gurr'^c^rrr ffPeo . &ana-iiffjenn&
rjnii h)ei.i^ffk{\ ^^eS^tuuff Qiun^efki&) &&Qs^nCj-^Q^n(b
^as>e)Qidi( xnjler of land )^^P> j^i^eo&^Cb iQnpfkjes^uii^^sith
^JJ^ ( kJLngdon )erA:uSi GuffnenffA lSaplT9 )u)n-/iftuc!m)/J-
;se3ii) GurrrflS?. j^tSi.Ciuei)L.i]J)i^^-rT& er^aone^th ^JDU (jAcne) eJkfkin&&Cb
r^^j>^- LiQufirn (Surrff, «i7^.3;,:i!iCunft eid^H^ O ^ L / L J J U I I L / - . 14
<Srf . <??. u3£/(S/ iTft Quij^p a peon{!)(!) rr&lrfkiffsienrTd) cfkn&s-.LiuOi-if^^a^lS
^L. Qurru^^-'Oines: Qurri^&Qa! er^idJiih .%fjniu^^iuncj(^ efkn^jcifl\ 1 7
5;(£!/ii, ufTCjatuif. Qp<^^QffUfhj&19 Ginff)Q&nc^L. iJ;unrt€,<Uiil)
Q&rT'-j'zfj.iM'Gu aflbflUJ (o)ff^f.:nesi 6jd:^& ^rjuihidinner, ft ^fjil&^l&pafft,
^aibj e->cft^ QcTcTia^ Qffii^'?:)u eurjcon^e^ sj>3^rfk]t^£^-£r if)r[:uua&t,
tflxnJls!), Onrrocrftuft) :n iq.i5iJ6!iit_<?.CCT CurroAarrc?- arTjjCTrBaiTins.
u^ef\f:& Q{i^^si€,fh)L.Giu Gurrrfsrfr f^i^^^ea €T&pnC»&,
aufTft<5<?r ;^'i5;$i:J ftHIiift&fDflp, t (i}.<ft<rSs& C t r i b e );5«))«ucj«S,
adiif Qo>ncx\0j lAsnip 65<-o)€u. siH^^'i king )eTdip j^ejQinnib
Currrf crui-if ^ gi&cjC' a / l ^ ^aiQf]^&& arrutniuifTa ^rain^^dJ
j-jfT'S'r e-(5rjrr,S«;fe^<Krrfc'; &nrjaiSi&di ueo ^^^fs,22
g/ijtu©;iiiii)r!) Gu/Tft ej&usii e^^eiui^ £^rj& sjk^cjn&e^f^ (]&{r}ki~
QenQjcf.iaturrets Gunfi G^uff ^saeoeue!fi& Qm&ssiuicsiiu e.OcjfrA@a»~
§pjff<ffi< si/rfiu 6 j(1-< .cEi!l QufTa)!J ^^,no) u^^^ih ej&& Q&rr&en^
ssc^f^jf§i3&ff' Geje^nq.iu (p,«.j5)rjn;fc6 S-G jfre? ^rj<9i, CJ^&& (Smrrfseb-
j^ij.g% Upn^fD^>^& y/5(i5«4<ati)n"<ffii3 CufTaaijA Qar r^O bi^F^&'jjjfii,
* aer.tfiiBcMi ^TA^oeuf^&ejn&i T r i b a l c h i e f s )ff^&& &(jef}&
Q«rrcSt_«'(T, 2 5 at^^g'il) ihiS,^^ eTfiiQ&^^)^i ff-O^fSi^ ^jjs* '<,)ffiL^rDO,
^kinenft ,26 .
^uii&&iLu^^^ <!>L.3^tuCi Qu'O&iSiSi ici&n(&us\iA (Sffjf^^ft ^^uftjiff,
&Q^fXial^H, u:j:i^^.uS^^ ^t^^;^'}iJi Currit crrDarr^ ^ r j ' ^
CurrGiL 5^GP<K_s',C9Gifr,$«05A,
as]iniui^uio^Ce^.'rf)^, m&sie^: a.t7!)ii>(jiy (p/5rr^^;S s^08>rf\&>fhi:
IB&CJQ^. cjrri5o.::)s 'j>s)pGiu >jirrfjmi)-o!^pS, Gunrficm& ^^uQ)ih
^^•nm.-siuj ' QJ:>a fT<*,sqiS uiutauibih,
u^toVjtf* 2.(f)U^^ e-Jtrrff^-sl^ ^u/B<ffi«ft u iP^ ^Ftyj srru/jfi&flftfi 5|cl-
s.6uaijiGurrffK) uC?;sn'<ju)T)i_4^, ; <frfi!/ 2.eu6^ {J>&ms^ ;5m_/T«
crtsirt&Ci'ii £;JiJiiJfT, cr# 'Siltsj.s.a.fTtlL.ejmS.
4iTtltf7(y:5 /5.ni_C1uf!) C3ujcurri3, ^ 3 / GurrrrteS tos'fcis&nii^^©
(Jur rn^ G;i;n"«?,a,ii», ^a touL/ , ^«&:flU), uw-uMi eu&kMJi,
ucsn_r5L.^£iih iJ^cs)(D, Qoj^fffl LOjfitfiu) G fTfiudTiiM LMd!kocJfQcj^(!fk)uj^
cj.3)/Tcj<S ^(- .GtaC d r a f t p lan )GuiJn& ^iP^sflJ^ ^^lL.iDrr&i]i,
uAu GujfD'SlffirTfT/CTijiuCyA 'j^iSrybeTSQA, ^^^ri(TurTtuii&<iiih ' -J^ifr
^^uiSiGej fnGiti, Gunffij>€!ip ( warfare )er^&ih ;5C!iL.{!PcsipuM
G&niLiiniL(i>( t h e o r a t l c a l )6yi^jCLo GunA^9!P^<3^^ ^^Hj-ih
Grata^,^yj rs -jL-Ou^Jii Gurrrf ._Pi3)/DCiu (JurTfl# §0.^<3T^ ^ t _ J >
uuirrft!: ;:flLL.^ssi^( p l a n )2.eh^L.&^ 'J^^\^^^ ^ t _ £ S ,
GufTifkci . , ] ^ / ^ Q^iT&i^, Qiit^j-DP js'iiL.Quij) Geudiis^tu pUfsip^^lBester
(o)&ns!^fqG&si GcJc^CiiS. 22 9G ;Fe5L arra)i!i QunGSi(^ Q^^
ijii}. <st<). Q<7(LiiuutJ(!)A 'Jin^ptiiffj^t /:.3)6ucjfT<Roft!r /sfi5^uftJi inuj.wiL/Gu;
(o'Urr.rT.^ ^0^3^^ ^L-^.f-^'f U^&^ !?-Ll-'6'for7fT<K st^eS<&«:!fL.
gjiPtjiLjAfe) n(_©£)«rr(i),$@t!)IDCrrrurrrj(A, ^ziunif j^r^eo :j,d^iu jv:3)ar fc7tS
^6!^^elfinslu jjtti«5@ca<N ^eS^u, e^dic^pQajn^i* ffm^/^cih, e^&imrD^
a^iSuilGjfW c"u/Trfu3K3)/D# bJ^tu^^(2i;A p-T.'Jiu i3)L_/a<K« !t Odc/fcrtiJ't!).
9iJu*C!)ti, fi)c*fcj<5tS ^(u^<sfl%t) olkn&auuCbi^fDea,
1) Cbakrayartl^aanablr.Warfare for vaalthyPP.l.a.
|5(5<p;n"cyu (»urrrt- /Bt-tJi^Aaaaiyii, u , 2 .
H^dQunOeh, u • 70 .
5 ) V.H.Ramachandra Dikshldar erd^^ »var i n Ancient India*
u s . 7 0 - 7 1 .
7) ; }jjrTiDclL;A.i!), ^n&a,ffmif- Qcj&i^^^'^ Grj;5p(t_, u , i 5 6 .
9) i3ci^ui9., u . ^ , 1 3 7 - 1 3 9 ,
1 0 ) i,'/Dii»76.
1 1 ) unc^ibp^e-J.,, aJ).ud!i.^t_^^t4;)ft _(£unTrtiu65 rjrri?^'a)£fyii, g^arrcju
i 2 ) chakravarti ,Ranabir .Warfare for wealth » Introduc tion •
15) Ibld,Forvrard,P,VIII.
1 4 ) Q/^iTCj ,tiurTG«?r.
15) Majunclar,R.C.(ed,),The Vedlc age,pp.398-»f03>
quoted in,Ranabir Chakravarti .Warfare fey walt^,pp.10«12.
16) Sbanna,H*S•Indian Feudalisms P*109« quoted In Ranabir Chakravarti.Warafare for wealth. P#l86
1 7 ) Gio/DUtq., U S . 1 8 9 1 9 5 .
1 8 ) 4 f ) : ? ) . 3 1 .
1 9 ) LaiorT.5. nfTa$<sfl, 6 9-78»
20) Neelakanta Sastri,K.A« A History of South Indla.P.1l8«
21) Ibid,P«119.
22) Classsen , H*J*M* and Peter Skalnlc
1) The Early State 2) jhe study of the State
23) LeulSyHerbert.S•Warfare and the Origin of the State Another Formulation. In The Study of the State ed.by H«J*M«classen and Peter SkalnlC9P»212«
^^ Engles, The Origin of the Farnlly.Prlvate Prooerlfy and the Sta^,P«231.
25) Krader Lavrence, The Asiatic mt mode of Production.P.a7B»
u ,262
2 7) cj iSuu}., U.26 8
2 8) carl von dausewitz, Qnw€ur. (Tr« by J,J.Grahan)P«l66
2 9) Ibid, P.175»*
25
/Drrdion_<ckU(t. u^rrcusrriiiJbfflrnTf ufr^ffeJI J^eftnuAl i^f5utlL.rjft afii:
ijiC!Sie\}iuKi.isain&ih,Q^na}^nCiLJhjili cfhunffff (iea^^'^f^u u<ij^f^^^'^. \jii
CT'vj!/J;S^ sr&l^ t_rrAi_;T . q . , (#6!/,<7rrLdl;5fT i&iu/t ^£jftsis*Lb, Q^rrdiamjuJiuff
unL.et» < ''*i-'Lb q;Di'jiS)ufT(!5<jr ^6i;fJ(5 ^\^s>sn€n[n& &c:^&^^.& LipLiQurT'3^
uiS)0iurrsu unuLtuil.Q>^€nciaLD ofiHifi^bQui&uff"3 » © ,6)fj . UfTtu«3'riJLJkru)ci4t/ .
Q<yuis b>;5rTc5«m5L/liuft 4iDG/fT0c/tj<ft.59ttj;&^@ ^rjif)uj&,&iniuclkui),
QunQenn f5npeifkj&) ei&sMennlS' un&un(b Qs^uiuef&esteo, UQ)(SQJW'
(!Ps!)/D* :iff\u&si^ uS>0hi\h ^Ciuna a atrjiuWi&auud'^Aenea , ^iJ^^rfiii
2.6
cu fiO/Di &t^&Ci ^i^iDih* erASSiih ^i=Qff{T& uiuAu^i^Si,
'*G/)£ii)/D(c.';s^a)«siurr# er /D o/^uu^^ftiro/? Lip^fSsmi&faaiin&^C.ibQuiiiuA ," 6
fi^^iiiA@Ci i^eoenasii&ili iJ)(oft&@& &{D^uQ)a§tih i^p^fSesm u^(fiusia eraieonih,
il&^^kses mbA^iA ^aie\^S) ^cu(»«u"d
CT«I/D *v ^UfT^s* ^a^^esmCi Qututt^Cts^d iS^pAMsCi Li&)tan&&^& J&^eo
"j'/aCUil), g)i7A<S5<2>, GJG/eofl, fi/ViJ^» WU®iil;SFli 4t«sau £ i O / t ^ « ^
-27
&*B&©^ ^cxn 'Jk)^i&i&ib iLrfki^na ^fi^&uffiifi ^DQurrd^ift LieoeaHueonnA
uiTL-iiuL.L.£'"10 i.Aufi €u ,«»u .uirrflsflSsarfrrt-, "q/D»3C)urril5<rfJ3fi.'fT
^ulfl^^As^ui ^eau^pea* eiA!DSSifil2 @ ,Q€a ,un&)^CUyLae^A ^Ce^& «rrCC!3^<Drrft,
' i^&en^&Wi ^fi6^6)&0^fi6Sts 1 3
2X-ues>s QUisiQ^ih uC.!oiua^ i^iLueaBA^
ifJGintsn&eSlfi ffn^^eaui airri>.'UMiir, . . . ,141^/DfiUif ^BUenprT^,
28
Gunrfloi <5s<? iP ttjna>6a&sm& Q&n&oisiih cuVfii^rfk/ &L.eatii£iaina&
€T6sG€a Q/*friiq«4 of^CiuQin L^ioihunu&adi ueaoi^a^ G^n^p^^^
ffkaeo^^afaina ^estinfi^Si ereseonih, ^^^m&sj ^eo^^m&aflu y6;E^
Gurrrfhjfb :s)ffu^ifi'l
&nrj&i&&^, (5urTrf/5LjQ/K).4a)<55«<&, Guntf&s,eni3i, §i^^a^^t_m<55«S,
u^gfliu '-.K^iii^sfi ^•.}uihQuprTef)isiS>iii t^pQeana^A&tb u^nuAunes ^to)
^ 9
^S>^&, ^scaeoQiA uniFaapf^ at aoiDGnuju QuffJ/j.'uD ereSuoQ, ^Gn&)€/kaiu
fT lU £)
y ^^to( i /b4j _ - _ fc)y (T§Bflw4« t5^
s.s!i!jujn^kfkjns>^ in^p ^lU^st^^Ci^ Quasi e^&&^ ^fffku&QundbV
«)ls^f^lsxTi wiy^feii Ljipjin^ np^^iaeaiiJ)BO&<sscsatl) 'jjsiff^^iiauidliit J jD ft-
^Saipsdiu Jtu^fliib C\uinft^fln\fli^9 crdru/tl? ^<rr^ija6j(t» " utt'a[«fT6U;S^
^iUa/ft Afcr rfllL' 5 ^ ^ ; 5 «^rrd!)L^666r//TflJ ' QU(L?<3)ii>C/ii 'J-iTSJii' QUffktIih 'Ji0^0isk
e^^nmoaih^J&i, mpQ6iin^i&Q^S)&inili 'j^ia/t u/sfTiS i iJLlft ^fiawacrrrttAw"
erAurtlS Qffnuy^/k^p urru^mf,"QutT<i3^t G^Q>& QoiCsa&iurTfk i^s)Ci-
Qun(3<ff^&un& Qff(jj^rglai^0& Gi&ehl rfkamQ\&& Qf)BSi6n^€JA ^iSfuAaihj
^eo&aesj^^ ciib^si eM^&m^ ^ftjiOu^ QurrcJflrrr5'lrfltu^u)rT(t j)xjt^"l9
ei&uf^ i OTGJipa«»frft,
^sxauM &cst({)sa Qunft^aapdlA ui)Qeii& j&sasosofnsi s t a g e s ;
Qun&6tfhi^ ^ ^ §jiu&>&etfk'} ' SISBID * er&p OffrraieomL^iu anssuuL-ofi^'neo,
Hp^^6!S)b^uJkj6SlS> e.Asn ueo §iaD(Da&&@ erOs^^ABniLun&u uiPastununes
30
Qirri^Gfi^ eiy^A^^ ^j<!3^^ ^i^i^ (iimp€Si^& @ilAt@i2k utbGalf
;rtfi*w«<Trrr@iS. L^to^^senJaafHi aoliJh^sOCT (Qu(!3ibun^ih Qurr^
jBSBL. {yiastpaSii) Q(S>/t^ u&QeaS* f£\m6)&A) S>gs>{p&mn&& ^pOuiLQj^engn " 2 0
LifpGeHf ^ihssu^nQaa io)jstu^a)3i mpGss, aitreaa ^nGesi urTBaa)iu& LwGa,
€(&& ijun(i3^^ ^lunnn&Hi Q>ur(ft^ ^if^^0LL,^0Sii S t r a t e g y )
67<v/p crfCiQunoinLsfl^ Aff)CiuC.Q>d[ara, ^eaa Gurrffkbih Gfsni^ n(pasin&&,
^^&t!i, Ziea^oil, laes^G&nfte^ ii^^ofloj iDrr^ULl(_ mai^eo&ft (ejAtn^& e^itc^-
3i
QoiC^fSsassA^u uurrsi §cu <5usfi2> ^Sf^gi, c^nffatrr& GeaCiuCt-
<5^&. L^p^^ksmCi Gurrftvip£B{|}a>63)01 -^prxi^ih «^0ie)A&^, " QGitl^Gurrit;
Qfiifssieo f&£o^t.^ loA&A GiDfi^0i»Jta(T& ^eiiti»psaiei& ©f^^ j^^inA snOi'-
jSlBOtuBC^i QiniiSih CTu/brf eo^s ID^&SI §iCiaL.uVI> i^iff&biili ^^einaSlsapesnat^
setie^ni) &€jfiQ>fi, %^fiain& ^MBaiJihSi€n& seiAGeand^A&ib &nOuni>&-
"CT^<?rr i£(Si9sseas Goi^^eaa Geafi^ti
ST^W c;^iT6u«mJiiJk/i?) ea^ ^i^^lsstea^ g)aj «fiji2> &&^§, Oi^^Quna^A^A
Qeaji^siDSS'^ flib Lixasiaussij &n^^4) GeiA^.& auaamQium sSlBdss^&i^ihujSiianesuf
GQifi^i>s)esi)Gei}/ifl& eifBfi^&d Qun rfhennA ,
U36l65«(&?! o / rr)fcU<sanflri5 uff ^^)fftJQiiJiii j^dr/iftuaBUJiuiTA «L_fij)U)Oui^iP <s6(i5^
3Z
er&uili 2.y^ibu u?u/TfT ^6Di&«5- il). uta&iBmLCb
uiu^&' UJ&ejniijiii)^eb mrrtsnj Lfln^^lB!>e!fujrTdi& SQ^I^UC.L-&» ^^seirrri)
^QjffijA aneo^^i Eri:erconGy Per iod )£.uifcaj7lyt6 tiarTto^^uGurrijfTL.
i]jfii)«;& «;':cj)<;'ju ua)i_afi»OTiyii SLCS)L.U lurrif (^&&ne<j^0u /PrTf^uouiyih e.i3)i_Giurr(t)
'Jt^^.iuQ>^SJdtai QinsaG^^sks unifCiutair, :^jP&rf ,6iie:il&f^, (ioinenn^
^OJGaiB, J<£F^QJli, uyfT<fta!)<5 :^Gi^l!f)iSi J^Q) lU fT SS) iL U^f^ ^pUUll.Q)^aiS3 ,
35
(Sunsarj uBi&^3> ^esun^u a^i&i^il) &.60&fifinif)& ^<^^&& &i^esiUi&(e)aii^
G'urrd) ffirr^aOiyA unL.n^iJi Qurreap^ ^«AtLtu^^@frtu «»iftefTtlfij.iun"a
ji^eoeaiu^ih, Qunfi \^fsj.iu .^th anej^sa^mJi, usaajsnCKj-A jn^iGuneet^uj
&n&};^ei)s!)iqaiLb, u^ijfhu aesSCtssu^ y^cifturr^i!) Quf^0i)it,e> Goiti^ibui.
GunftjBs!iL.ioiup i^GS^A Gurrfiisardi u^fffku U/TLJJ (ai^fltofr^aJlpAa
G-Gifi0C!>il>. (jurrfi&ff.atCi u^^afiS) Geaf^^ii, e^ftA&^, usaua^ ^esm^s^
urTffsafDiuce)injE& ^AaGa}iAe:i.(U f^lBoeoei&tl^p Qunrtlii j^eueau ^Ot/llCdM
osiUiiurTRi fiaoi^j ksti^^^^ LMOBQU Gurras^Ci UCHUBA ^lunpna GeatCn^ih,
^tufT!jrf'i:iili (JjBp^^ Uita&oijinnt^ jSfbe) GjsnibjSei) Gun&eaL.a^d\fis> Geaf^^in
afpA&tff ui^^kiSltS) u^n^&airTi, ^^(sneb efptf&A e.^<yr^(2> j^peanpop^
Q&ntJSiQ> (3}ei0{[fl ^uGunG^ iSeau^&s^L.&p Qundip ^^^^^ £r(!y «%/L.<tr
Guntf&^sn-ih q/DOuCbeurt •
Gun A ^s,^fMi ^i^s.fi^ ii}tu0eaaiusstu}un^
Gtneaej /Err(i><5B^ i2» i i2)L.«ftfi £^sauiji^ &i-&Qti^kiI& ^i^aib ^sauifiS'Aa!&,
&nei^^ fii^&ih Q^A susa^ .o/i^urrPi^ QfBrr&nioi:^ pih UpeJkk3^^&,
^uJpaA fgkojsQj&Gsrrtli^if^ eaL.&sSA •sftaL.^GsrrCiaiK'Latitudes )
S - ^ t S 15-^Ji gjaB£_tt/fc&, ^^&&G&n\ba&( Longt i tudes )75~Ai&ih
3^
fSi^^ih fssa^\Sisii ®LDrf)Sliu&30&) - OIL.
0&Sf ^ev&^iii&i^ QPeuJt, ^uSlj^aih euu^^ QQI&^L. uisst&)a^at^lh izf.
(jj rfi" u^sS^i^ su&saaena^Cb 6rd).3S>G)&saaj^ Q&netistB/k^saLaeaiu ffioj
\ifiisi.i£irDii', eandHs>^^^4 ^Ciunen oii^^^uuintB ^uS^a^^ ':,)f£^u®0a}nm
uA&^&cil 3iL.^6nyfl eirratls^^nd) &L.$i&mpCt unSi&nCin ea&iQiniuistusiu
anajCiun&e{ih ^}ijj)fk^^, uiP/k^uS^ jsniLisi^ ^CLftf^&entr^ Qsp,i2ffn\^ ,
urrcAin.tu jsn^&sm^ ^eSi^^e^m QfBrr&^ili ^QoinfiiSi'iSi ^caauuna
Auj-iu^fTS QQji^is'. ueia&eapnA '.^fi.&u^^ a^unnn^^ ^nii^^nA®
QsuAeStsiXilt^S ^6}yfkurT3>^ f&s.t^^ni^^d) Qjs^& ffftOU J^ennm^ uaa&^
GunStmnea r^oOupCin ^(Qfi^Si,
35-
j^ff^iuib, u^uirQ} Qun^jj^snea ^ny^rtiaeb ii|(3j|^^/0@^ ^iS^&^&6!f)jk
^SUBAuafsfiei^ih f&sn 5(3)ioui^ti anrjiaianes atSi^^cMX 'j^oipgi *Q^&e!in\l.ibCi
U^Ao:fTtle).«t» pc!5>L.Qu^(D (^^(^0!Jii GurrnnCuii Qies>{j)£i6aa^§iO
e^^£Sim1ltnnfi" ,32
fLi^a^^. ^us^&L\( Topography )c»'"i/fi*fti' Q^ni-f(^^nm
C /lf ^sU u©;^}!^/!^ R.Stin&i, Guiffji^l) !i)£»e-JuAS) U . ircS'iPii!) <9%u .^an
^&,&us,^ fifTt^^S^bsn &{TQ), ^m&e^ &^ eadi&A &U6J& awA^.pes»
QunLib0o&aA uirosiso. /^{Q[<stirrra^ ^L&^IAiDes, ^u^&^^ d^ &uCi
.'0«4<»6Tr ^uityJlp*^ 'ii^LliuaDt_iufT^l*(D«i, ul^^^i^ jBrriLCb isiA&A ^i^noia
( P o p u l a t i o n )/ftutiuin3JVB© iDsojuurrffiCG/ irjj^^j^jJrCT^. ul^fi^uS^A
- 4 ffl tL /ijeiiViuesea rrsQeu ^ anla^ &<lisnai.
-36
;srTiLtsi.& 6djjAff,d^ ^!jeinp(jfiih ^^^nsfijuh Qunif^&ffiih i^th
' ufli)L.a/liu/BSiTQ/lb • (QesCal) , 'g)«ussr:Su6;)j_ s^rroi^' (€)i^^)er4i^t&(l
lo^ 4^£a«a/fi])L.(u <i C>u(i3i& 'jQi^^rfl^L-Giu ^j^uloih Gun A ai>^l
£)«rrfl5t_ £)u€>ibuacL_ ^iS9^airT« 'J^^ih, e}^k!iuiSiL. {j^p^^ \iPj^&S->^&L.A
e_6u<s U)(&B7e) 90(S@i_* Qi^jltil)'" 3 3 67<&/D .stuJiqti
ufru?jt).«fift 01^ ^kJuaaL. LJPUUILL. ^ojOitu^ Sfli^ftftfoeT,
3r
UfTL_fi)IS).«<ft CT^ei^^Ci UX)L.S.eiflS{ i^nOi ^S5if£& Si&^pesi,
&rjjkas>^ 'Sii[)Qifi&b1f)& jspQ^irA G^Cis^eoi^ ^Sf^Si, ' ^^Gi^f^sufSnH^ 4(^lfl
- i l lUlI) v!QJ/lfllUfTilL_ii 5TC-6U r r t b . <5i-llL.^<^ G^<Ua(!P^fi» 4ieJU«3iflA_th
inAsi^ih UA->L.iBQ>Cb js^Q^n& o « L . u ( t . /Bi8»)<yrra> G ^ C - u5<s «*<s')ttSi&
€T<>p ^iSifptqih rAJSi^^& anaisaivQiu ^SUsSlpsi, ^enihupe^fi e.*«? mp^^^Ci
,;jGiiu^fT£)iSi «LP;jfl SI^'SfSfTG) ' WfiU fflfrfi i L i l ' ^ ' CT^fD /BlL J^fl!a ' ' :^^£y
38
&y:>&JI& ^Cst^uA ^St^SJ, Qun(S>&^Ci nfoCiuQ) u ^ e^p&&y>4) ^esU^A
erui^ujOufTi^ @/IJUUIT«L} CurrCi^^^u H!oCiu(b vP fi iT ^dftafbiu^ &estm^Q-
' iJjbSi L^&i^ '^un^ssifi; GoiiliLj ^if era Qi^&.ih
( Totem ) 'sni_ujrrflfrij i ^&fli)OT# gcwS Qurrrflija/ft,
•e&rfl^fiSi LjpCiui^ihQun^ j^mL.ujrfenLi u&6ieifka(a ^L.ii^^fTa a^nsae)tin&&''
^ ^
Gi^fT^uusy $(6fl)(T««rfk5 \iO(tfaoLOtt/rrar ussftun-tiSiii, " /5/Dii:fl;s /6© ^ i 3 u u u u ^ i i
<uVrt"<5sft ufi5ia|(2i fSfftesaati^eDLjUQi lit sett rrs g)(!5^^«& (eG/fiftCiili. aVrt'Asdt
^ ^ ^ &CjvuurTQ}( d i s c i p l i n e ) a a ^ d E A C i n i t i a t i v e JGurrrf v^aawii^
^ a g g r e s s i v e n e s s )"*ff''»fl''uq C aley^ n e s s ) - ^ ^ jjuj q<9>«n«r s_taL_ttj€aiTrr«
^Q»^^4> Gcii SCiib . §^^as>&iu (Jc/q.^ fe(ii«/lsS C p a t r o l ) jScacuoifTtu
ue!\&& usa&Qin&&f)& /i^CpJiJL-ii, 6T«SKfl£«)«, (»u •ft. 4<5BC5a/ted , s^Atfib,
S^'S Cconcealrcent )y»/if«JLfllL. ;^i_,.&^@ uSs ^ d ; ^ ^ ..i^^ti^ viW
/5/33e5 L!JiS<5fljjjrrse|ii, Q O ^ d Su»T<!r/p GjsfTuj s^^peuurf&enih j&uui^
u^/lJliyii L/5nL_Q&L_ilCurr«5b IL/<F6UC| , 4«)L.G0d5L. (^(ifi^ ^<s^ Ga«u eiff/D
5-<0)/Da6rft& &C(Uii Aiy<5S|Dnr(t. "4a)L. frtsruS' u^sih e7&IDiLh,.^& u>rrf6(Di7«?fT
4o
r^& QffGfl ^if&^ex QffAaiu^b j^pGuj" 41 erd'p ;5<95ti)rf
Gumf^aai^^ Qunfi&aaf^ Qffyfysdi ( Tactics ^crdfl/rrfli tSDiBflin'CTtiuL.rOperation ^Ga^Cbib er^uea/s iir!ffl<ailiq.Ciu utrffaapaM)
LfifofkuSi tiOiq.<ft©;J» GQ}/ifiss& ^CinCb
HiD^Q^ITA ^ d i ^ u<S»si'Jfiih ^Ciuu
«iOui3)« G'tJflBfTrt' ^QrjiJVo &.a:Ciuu^
/^tlL.^ ««* C Pre-Plan ^ -a© l i .
4i
COCG;/l^ft<s©ii i^iu^W Siena fi , ^^esn& ^u).Asis}. ^ o r f a ^ Cu'fTffL Q;5fAlt_tf,
<£Err< «s<; i2> ;Be!)uQu0p ^^saCii^Ci Qunrf&di a&f^fp ^peorrih, \Jujjnpp&
Qim^As: ja jy^i i , ;^^-^isaattj GufTSBjjiJuj^/lrtui ^eo^^tu&eifkS^/tG^ Q^rrd)-
<e)'ij&iS,e!\noA Q&^ik& ein<Pik&-&\en«iA . .^^eaftae&en eui^L.^^ Qff&uea^
GG}fi^{T3-jij a^p eaenfii^l fSsst^ c^&Qetini^ ;Bntliq.yii )^<j&&& «rr63c;rrtb ,
^ ^
«»tlCc;6ft!rf;«r . " 4 3 **Q^rr&>atrCiLfiu(f &neo^^ ^n^ku^ &ssi0)iqil. db.^rrcr
'-^H^t ^rrif, (i c). 4 <s£b ssfi^asmtqib ^HffffJB^rfku £f}iics(a&eirT<s^ ^&eaiT»
vp'Qz/S rf iiurrsufj j^eMiSi i3L.^£ieafi, ij&&nsjta{b u^fifijiu
9(!i) unil.ir+.0(Sijfi ^.esieouQu sn^Qg)nft laHHiuuiinasiffl a^ufi>fT&ih, (iei^^iJanCl
i^eUbSiff^&O!^ &pCiu ef)aDrT ^ ^ f s ^
arriLCbui, QunrfA Gurr& Goiji^fl n&Si^G^non^ (ji&iiiuCiuC-L- aoiff^^m
GcjjS^ft GurrnlJ!)ii>'Jurr(!pg', ^peinpib Q^mtunsi ounifhUi
^3
efhfi^A^ uSU^^A& uSEoGemuQicsff
^ef^fisi jAo^Gs^p ci/llL_ia^
mi^^^iai ui&ij^^AOf ^fiemi£l£»Q93^^4 6 ei^u^ ^sau^inSin fj
^n& 2^urr<&. GurrnT^ ujilc&d) ams^sm (ifiiibifi^nmi) ^ni>ss! u^&Qffi^ii*
Gunrftb^pn^, ercrGai '^^Gai/i^d! srrMG^und) ^^iSlsoeoir^& eies'
^&fS)i(p(!!i u OIL-, fei IS)., <*iJ?, ,^SS)LQ4^ , jBili^, ^!Jci4 8 sf^SH uaat-csiu ij>^«^^0
^ipuunai urrL.d}&aa6n& Cis-jn(&(bAbTic-^, ^^i^n&)&[TCidkif\ Gunrfko&eaa^^
^en/D«j(£> ^i^aiai rr f t .
M
'^e^anti' usnt.q/DiSutlL-S' Q^nuS^ Gumf&sien^^ih (Jurr/t-
fiJPtejCJ S oTi ;5 ,«^ u __,
u ) ^ ^^lUmsu 3umtC o f fens ive war )Q.?«Da/iS Gejji^A
^!jntbji& f3Ui& m^ eij^^ ifO'TAI fin&&^^ ^Cimn&(h eTAua^:z>0>i,iiu&6orTih
un&c,nCin0 GurraiiJ^C defensive war ) Ji^nLj&^eiin&, ^^(^er
Siofkjeonih, u);£ft5)£uA sa&Csu^gfki G(J^^^ ^^^© *iics>L.iunaiuins> m^A
Cu»T»ttPiij.;5^ f^neju^ uaJCrjfi* g|t_<5>5flfl5S up$& GufitfCL. ,««Su''flt_«a»CT
^s
%-
Gunatrj^C demons t ra t ive war )^AaBUi5 Currit CTorcufrit, GurrrfL
c/lStSq^ Grj/J^<t ^ J ^ j D /FfT«66aa»«iJ[ Uej)L-«6«&Ouxrjl;S /i^OuirLSJfea
tAr^^ksie^iufTBA 0«rrcBa» eJLndi Cuirrftixu/t, <5U)iiCufrntt Gea/i^s^&itt,M^\^
&asi0i{un& Gi$^ jsCuffffft&B^i A l l i e s )s^n& ua!)L.««»i ^OifiG* «a1P€U(Tifi. eanitfOin^^Sf glOOuOCci/S^eft ^nrbOii j /DGPth 9C5Qi(!5A e^yfkin^
«ft&<rfliy(:> ^ib u«)u«©L-<l QunQif 9iPTiS^«rt. " 4 9 GQi^^ft&(s»M>jk
GurrrT^«OT# »)5-iu6u««fki) efjift&s^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ " J C I n d i v i d u a l power)
©GP^^cntoC Group Power )«sBCTOu fifl ^ ^ m r r a r Siaaij)4 Q^ii0-
a>/D(y>A mrjnrf<SB<7rrr Gurr/fJfffln/ ng^ i LJilL-C!, ( ajrf iPAanty^^ tt).tt/fe»«ft3
c/fe5t2iL/forft, tA3*« loaj^ca^ S2)6OA«IT« rgSf^^ sUfS&Guiii QciQ&)(^6i utf><§c/tt. 9<ft«%/ Ourr(Tfte<ft Qunafl^^^en «u*rjA<s5«&r3i_ajriJ4 arr^Aoxir
46
n)Li(«urr/t \hipGif*ff,(^ GurrtfAsat^ Q^ujfy ^U-i^oa^uii^
Gjsp^iiifTs> eItf^&&Ciu(b^'^riiai. eantas, sn^sfl, urrunA ^sstcaaA
Ut3)<a«f/f CT^^^O QufTrftbib ^^(Di> QuiS'Qifsi^A i fc/<t«A f f ^ u n r / j n - ^
" ^q4> <3£%ij( urT(ti3u(iiru>n'iSA@i&,... " 5 2 CT<I/D mpOi\jnL.cSA odiji&^'ii
Q^n^srT^dhu QenCL^adiibii'^ih i^nojiMestoi €TAG(D ac$^e)rri&, /srrantssdk
Omj lu^ lu LJ 3<SBn-6u4 ; ^dLifDCiunuA et{:^^^fsfsn&> ^stanM^m cflfcfr<ft@ik,
fiHifL^b a£ip ifi€R[D&ii ^^Qffi}^ai& •s^&^pai, S^an4) GM&Ou Qoji l^^
5%u f^L-iii^cH^ &tjji:s>fittJ}(i!i(J)ih QiinkijSj^& G&jt&ibA,
^p^
Gunfi&s,(n^Q ejp\ifiCb U)^u*(i) Q^uDe urTjjfrCuijiuCbi2>, 'cfta^ci© Ljer£n«u«ft
«(ft<3tofD O'urrcu 90G/«t ^rrrf i .^ QuOtrim' ad"/!) 5?fii)(D firfbiVcflw U>(D#
Q.?juaaa)^ saJ<9Jil)i2. ^lAjraL. ;5tlCJi_mT ^yf\^^* CTA/D tfanfi) u^aee/nTft
"caeiGGi^) &afi^QrDn(i} Gun&iS c/OucuSr
urrprTilL.CiUL.e!t&} oTcrrfffitft Qu&ihGupna crAaflhi^n^.
^8
&^fp efpft&^i 0«fTtl£»L.a(t/^ fT«ft@(B {tfiea/Dsau^ J»ii^,^g3, u>;^pj#
diiP^^ iM m^ Gio4> ^cflCi Gurrft Q^Hiu €esBadi G^eaeiit^ Gi&aAO)
a^&^ar Gdlisesttn f^diQ(prT(b e^^Sf G^A^&j^ Gfim'JajrT0 iyfTrq %.nififk0l
0 u IT rftl Bf£5 ^cv n" tS,
cfhtiiyif) cftbGijLffl up^^anGts**56 erAp ffA&^ unL.& ^fiGioACi
Gunff^^^Ciaiu& ^&^&^ «(in2>Gurrft qrrtyjS lAsteo^j aiTeurrtlu«9i_
unCGunib sJli6!nm0 GPK).«ft@A 2.a&caL.iu Gmf^fiBih m/DC/©d> QWs^,^ 9<rf)-
Qu^p)^f^^^n& si0u(!fi<si.^&, e/<ft(i%j;(t ^^^sa&u f fifluJkww,
^ ?
^arjBmEssfTff ,*^ lauCiunA ^iiaa^ o^m^,^ Qfs0l^fs
usw-<ft© GfBrri) er^con^ ^nearrulissiGm" 58 ^^oirruf s^ifd^nft,
fs^ Gen^ficsisa inaS^fDnft ueauttSecft ^f^S Q&n^t. f^eoaJib
£.£311- \jcsiLJi*^& "^^sitp^rrifi^ Qu0einiA cr«S(D otrD Gunrf\Si ^Gaeoci^
<AiU«£^$', *U£!atL.(uflJ' 0 un'g^arr6ft@t2» Gioib* erSp &>e^^ ucsiL.&&eo&e&
ea&uS^ JjcSeurr t^eonXb u onset can 0 nfflttlatTala^&)& <%d''fi^^, ' &aflapf!J}/^e>
^fStf&fpsi^ " &slSe\fp0\(^& Quvftfid> &ncBimA&^ aL.Ga"59 et^ro L;a>v3'
urrucuii). rglssteacip^^^^e, 'ucuufiOL. 90QI/D@ s.fiq(P oA& j||£U(t e^ihoirrii
ef^ srryflfy* er&iD Senfo 9 0 oVoA^ Gunft^ Q^iuenwi &Sf^§i,
9 0 oTiTt iS&& s^rj^&u&Ss GoiS^&U&ih Gunft QffiiQieafiA sJnb usaa&if
uesiL.^^Si'th, ^l^ih ueni-Gou Giasntb ^A eantlcieSiS^ ^fi^ndt ei^^^ff
Qjs(bi&Q&niq.aj r^lSftQ^ih QjB^Srestuiu q{B(&u)/Dfi(0i2> €{&
50
er^& jsn^ucsiL. a/DiSut-anw ^gfkuwnih, nfpjsn&T Of, Li^fs^du^^,
usuL., Crj;$ »t«K:«)Wr QffS>au QuO^anffityiS Guiihunil.i>sH-Hiih &niLOye)(san&&
fsn^utoumih lu rr an fa CiuenL, Qu(l5iSfi^^fb&ffku^rTSQ[ih G&J^^A
§'ihestu^jilsstB:s^ &m^iuni^Cbt Gunif&sar^^) luneaesuSSx Qjriu& ^denuO
Qu^eaGfi ^^&€S>(D a&Bf
^mpiun^kfkiftihA uuns/a/knAstb &&^pecrtf, GurrifCiuiJI^^ Qu^p unsMs
§ip;&c!io}&G&^u^ ^i&uL.# eiffujeon(!>Wih ^tu^LiastuiuSi, njrT6a0CiusaL.mu4
ssi&ujtTBCb QPaip ais^mianss ^Apna ^^jis^Aarosi^ iJtS<srra> ai[janes'^
«2fls/r<ftc-:f>< . fBH^uaiuiifdi ^^uCtuGOL. efkasjQ)rT& ^lU&QieiS'» '^& ^e/d^iz
i^i\0irr&e\ih G^GsjnQ> ^q-tfA Qfftu&uiboi&t^^dunihGurrei) e.jd^ !^ ^^a^tl
57
e.a)i7u>^ anyfOujn Qito9i"63 CT^^ A&^nA, &^p ui0^0^ e.rfkjQina tijpfsn&r 0uifiS> i3j^& unL.&aA cd^sr .
CTfSiGfid Qffaimii ^4&S" 64 er^fp n(!>i^unL.o)e^^ G^ft^fi4^^QfBnyf\i>
(p ftGi«A<9ftftcif), (f^rtoiaturrff), Gfifie^Aiaea&iiuii ei&ffi QuiuiT(AL.<s<ft
dfiA G^fi^nem t iMGfiifA&aeioei <9fti/ Qfini}&nCiLJiu^ soa^adf (*^(ti3
b^
CU/rrf (y>KJ. ;S / ^ Q ) i
^esuojk&^ensi* ^CiGunrflS> Gffny>A Goi^u-^/pu^easO GiudScfliD^sSIAstf^ili
Qea^ffKi Li&Q&ib e^nfifi QffG)€n>h e.6aL.u @)^i7&d^ Si^^^fi&& u>(pi5iififta i!b
(]/rr(t(>i6Err (>> aeM^Cl Qu0S' LadHf^eiiTfi G^nA GunAiisdQufifD Gurrif" Qfiff^sSr QJiQi&@Qitrff\&fi^ A.&^0osi, uimtLftb GoiGoi^af Gei/i^A ^QadSth
oiancu oindk'o «fL.&^ LfaA urrii^Si ^q.uidiidi3i Qu6cuorA Quftp i tfl ~ G€a^^(3iL.iu fBnibs^ Sajfifl srAtsm&ih?"66 gfiPOurrdp uco unuA^ih Curr/t-GPe) ^ r^soiM &citj^^ s^L. ^rxC^teijaai a(b0&&B{TiLQ}^fpai»
LicstatBnilsau^ ^&AZ>!JIU{T&^ caeniSi j||i^^rrc& ^duana Gcjji^A
jsnCbeimai^ ^uJilibA ioi&n®^0ai Q^dt^asaat it&^na& ^SHeaS u^VCi
55
"iErrioiwiltB' &\s^&uns^ix ;5rr(i)Q«u QeiffkjjjjSiJl
uJLA«':2)f(TA «(!ff«a;5 0'/7rT<& t(lP0 Qfij^awr Q»U@I1> Q&fTHiBih afka^^ih uapUkeies,
Qcj^l^ Qu^ro Cc/^flt!' U63)aain1A Brreaeoaniajt^ jsf^f^tu&esieiC
urrt? (n<F(&G/rT<S», aoflPaorrr^ jS^fitghteo&it! un0G)ffiiiuCiuC.Q> s0^^uu(J>^&s>eo
Gsnj^^ GunrfCib QGit)(&, G^rrc&c/) Qui)ff)fr.ne>Jb &s5iip&Ct sfsnia&iBQflit^eaeo,
Qunrilio ffibuiLL. U>^<S@K). aiDj^^rflfi sf&wsi Gun([iij&^ S»em\^rf\^is va^^v^
£.(f)u^ er&ii^Ci £^eu^esi(D ^mpGiu '^&€orT&Qfi&cs»eo, CP^&^^ncu ersaG^ih ^ d O / ^ r r r t .
&(Si!DS6i9^ ^i)u^e! &csitD&&i GunA(!fiei.ji^f^&)ttSl& &nai6on^th asn&sntL^
ffisrrrreF-fljA iM:u^& &snpa& CurrftO'isjjsj j^eoB^err r:rrCsf-^,i^Ci (3u<»a«!rc/n"«G(iL
5^4
^U^^L~& aeseaam ^y>!^fl> ^di^^ fssSkuna Qf*tlt!). neothijafsp (J^eiunae)^
aeaea^ &en^^ ^fD^fifltBn& ^nwili ^v^in if&M& eT&li> Siatih r^w,
Gurrft&>E). Lfi3r fsnC^dt) Gurrr/tf fglsnaoina fsm-QuHtih ^v^
^tfi&& ujjniifi «AQ«urr(&" 70 erAm QfsrT&^nCuJiuA *fl'arf,
sftjefHi sjD&iit Qff&^euA, G^(f$^ aAmeo& Q&n^ib oKStvA, £)arraarrt ^
fSutiutlL. ^^&i(t@Ci ueJkJllib ef^n eT(b^6i aufM Qea0(M Q^mit&emaiA 3iG)b-M S^una^uft, U€iflQ&n^^3i el^n aQ}^&& &ijsi\^ fB&onia Gixfm aitsneo eayfltjCbQifi,
ss
Ga&n ^& u«ufiB«" 71
"un&esiL. imm^ u£i&sa£B QffA^0
g)<5f? /B CueiGiT «<&fi»A" 72
Siv^-dtGeo ;5ILQ:>^ Q ific»Lorr<95 ea^(jMift, Gunif&e,en^0& Qufr0*uL.(fc
Gfsnfyfjiuj r(^&&Q>yfLrr(b G)!J6OTT^W'&^ iy>(&utlL- sn'eo^^ cui^4<5^ i)(34A
^^^jrT£' Quiurt<S(rf)3<>A euLCiirrtlQ} (jPen/DdsdtHiJ!! u>a(i}^isa<fi a r rmi^-
udurrPil) ';5(i>A£&' jyeouit^L; (ui^Ci? {ifien{!)a& ^Apat^ih Q^nuA^pa
5 6
1 , ^,un6D&CiLJkJUX!!ihjA,^ei)AiSku eanoinV, u - 3 4 .
2 , Q^fT*,Ourr(!5<llr,^flfrii,u-5 7.
3 , &,Si^,urT&)»Cii^uxifkuSi,sAa ^&}^<^^^ t/j)t>«ufTG5*,{j , 3 ,
4 , Tai::il Lex iGon.Vol .V.Par t - I .P*2809 ,
5 , Qfsrr&,QurT(3>&» mih, u - 4 8 7 .
6 , Q^fr6&,Qurr©A.'JuufT,u-4 9 7.
7 , Q^rTiS),QunQ&,}B^ffff ,^ei^^a»9ttJkj^y (iA*«>si)iT, u - 1 6 -8 , Q;Errc5. Ourr©<ft ,g|OTtl>,i i-5 7.
10 .GJ .•*,Lj.'i5rresfl4«'J>»^u|54«fT ^ ^ , u - 1 2 2 .
ll'i.suftPtStad), iFa5« §|fl>A^ lap^^at, u - 2 0 3 -
12;«5.Qpj •UfTcu«i3LftriiWiftu*,«y/S« ^ea^^^^ L^pOOufr®^, ' j - 2 3 ,
13'.! jDi2> 7 6 - 1 , 2 .
14 .L fDtb - 68'
1 5 .i piS.'yj6u(y)t2> uaiiPiu JL.^iia/A, 6 8 , u - 1 6 1 ,
16.t^pLb 2 9 5 : 5 - 8 . 17.Q;SfT£t) •QUfT(!5A»®CTl2», U - 7 2 .
l9,^flrciy?<K«iml ,u«S«aL.^ >5u4P«t QufT®flflu^ Q/rrtiJ cBffi, u - 3 .
Gurrit ;E«ioijfi/(9. a><sty<2»,U''10 7. 21,e)^rTf&,e)urr(5<ft.59, 6 4 ^ 6 6 , 6 9 , 72,75,7 7^
22 •5)j5fT6i),Qun"C5<ft . 6 0 .
23 ,3in ^QaneJ^fzA, UfSiiau^^US^if Gun^Qjssfl,U''75* 24 ,<;)^(TpO,QurT©<ft-62.
2 5 •G)^/T«i),Qu/T©fiy-6 5»
2 6 , Qf^rr<*),nunro(f!-6 7-
2 7,0;srra»,QufT(5A, 70*
2 8 . Map of I n d i a , Inol'icxn 800lt 3)epot, Map Houie,a>b"i-H/, 2 9 , Q ;5fT «&, u rr (tftr iK»-S..
3O. ' i )^ =!»?•* «rr^aa, 7 1 - 7 2 .
oy-
3 3 , a ^ A 4 26.1 8 0 - 8 4 .
3 4 , u^£>,13.
3 5 , £l;srrd).G)ufT(5*»g|«iril>,u~83.
36, L/i2J/i-17^;i^
3 7^ Q^srr* Q u a o A 5 8 1 4 - 5 -
3 8 , 0;S/Tt&,Qurr(l5<ft,^#<?lt u - 3 2 7 .
Gurrit /EL (q. £3)aa (&, U ' 5 5 .
4 0 , Q^rrt&.QurrCJ&.glCTib, u - 7 6 .
4 1 . ^a^^ lun^/S^Uf L /p^^t lQ) , 76 5 .
42". o);iEJTd),Qufr0«* , 6 8 .
43', «||Xr<fi«.j3)xTrru)0ft5«ii, ^jfia ^eoA^Ji^A Oet$fii^,^eBa0n"2,U'3O2,
45, L//D^. 5 2 . J 1 - 5 .
4 6 . L/;DI6. 7 7 . : 9 - 1 1 .
4 7, 45)(b.2 9 8 -
4 8 , @fl)<ft'.3 8 1 ,
4 9", L;a)iJ>. 6 2 . 6 3 .
5 0 , •^a^rrsy fl» 36-125,175.
51, si^ia&',^pnuieJ&aditff&a ^Q)^^^0& ^oij^fsd u 4 * 1 7 3 - 1 7 4 .
52, H0ib,9,
53". @f l )* .774 .
54, @(D^',780*
55, QfBQ)t5&"171-172»
56, &&^SI^iTa)a-3 99,
57, &p(h,698.
58, Lfpih 2 76',4'6>^
5 9 , 4 / D i i . 3 1 2 .
60, q:Di}>, 55,:7-10»
S8
6 1 , 5?I.urTcu<»dLftTU3(rtui2>, uJ^ ^ 6 u 4 ^ fiairfl)rTffli.u-16.
6 2 , Q^rrA.OufTOi^.DOTti. u - 1 9 2 .
6 3 , j | « i l ) , 3 8 4 . : 9 - l l .
&^ ^ 4 5 ) i i , 6 3 .
6 5 , Q;5rrc& Q u r T 0 A , 6 1 6 ,
6 6 . L j ^ A , 6 2 , 6 3 .
6 7^ mtPflD/T 1 2 3 -128-
68, 4 f f ) i2> .392-9- 1 0 -
6 9 . W^fT*. W U I T O A . 6 2 .
7 0 . O^fT* .C)LJfTi!5«ft . 6 3 ; i 9 - 2 1 .
7 1 , ^a&~.6 7 : 8 - l l »
72, 4 fDA,264 : i - 4 -7 3 . g|.«^;G;jTCPd;i;^.p5G)«*8't2> ifiu^aauGPJi.Ji^'j^.
• • • •
Sf
Q^nSiauBSigciai BiusarrififEOinrs QuQihuneon&i ^L.&aaf)& iMu^Sf^nft»
Simpselk^j G"urrrfki6B Q^ili^A et&ro J OTO/ISU gjeHa/JujA jloiiaaJiDSi.
utfief^ Lj«>fii(I3i2> u/r(|i@pijf u A r t ^ ^
urTtt/^(iP(i, "u<ft«il5uL.a>ih GP^e^ ffjrre cairtsn" ^ Q^ii^ wo/^umofTSDa)
60
9^^4' ,<5burT^, QiSL/fDt^Qurr©^ wcj«SumJ5rra>w^c:ii^ Q^n"a)<s;friiLftuii
(yj ssn" 6urr ^ . ) t CT*iy siiPQi if ,
uwoDU ;cjcuA«Sfia m& €ti!^^^QffiifiSi*^6 aAuit tflrr . £rrT«FU)rr<Efl4«OTrrft,
u>nr£ii «&<3Gsnrr(9 ^^iSiih^^est^&Q s>rtA(b QuxDuirraicia^ eiaiTcurrdk*
^T gurra^fliuiti: ^ a . . — — — — — —
^ajfTfT. ^^Gjft j|B}.jurrft4© /F«5cjfrff, un1C?toa)tf«it, (JuxrfTtfWuft ^^CTifiuirewjt,
L/ji3ijiQufrc5<Jr QeufSiumanaaeJiMi QurrSte/frai QurrQfSt ^atuiCisstu^
gasmencst&\un€.& arraieurrtS, 9c3QG/n"(5 ^lisea, &6Sipse»enniili yj ei/'K)
Q^n<^^ii^ "SifEfl, 'Qarr^'aflft mo& ^oi&seaih ^Sf^rrft. ^kixaamifii
ui-cyii cT&llf QuuirfllCb^ennft, •0«sBrr©' fltoih c/fcr^^uis). foio/ifturr-
ttifTtji4«* Qff uiytlatJDCT j aDar i ^^QA 65frLl(!)«CT/T<5B g)ju(3fffly<5flf7(T/t, g )^ -
STf eon^Moift *QaiiL^)uSi& lait^aaej aa/teo^, c!i <9%/JA taif^estej &n^^,
^^^fjcimA ss)auu0ufi& Qsn&iQili ^O^Asih QaiiL^^asiea ereauuChih,
"Qejdififl Gsi^^^ udH^u^A ucmiMfffk^ih
Q<5^difd} aAilfiaam ^Ji^^&" 8 €T^U& ^o)Aaesnh,
*QaL.s%jn6a& usa&ojjj^&uGes! Gurr/fdiffdituA ^Q^ofsfro Qea^gfh
u) (D&fiaiC.] iiiniiiurTC.i^.enssiiqss>utu ^liucaiB&ift f^^^o) Gunii ^ft^ih
^gHl^ffScaettA ci^Ciu^f!f\& Qarrestftj^^Si* t@<&, " Q^rT&snCiiJiBjffA©
a/kflfiirq is^.ziuiuJI^) yJcj-iyLorr «T«7 ofkf^^ Uailurt", ^Aaih Qejulns^ Q / W # ^
Q&iLL.d), r^S^^ih untf^^A vfi^eJkjsn uaS.3)L.4i &neo^&Ci QuQoiifiM^&ffine
QuQ{:P& Qu(Ai!i.ft esflM^ <^u",
" fftCJeT ea(3@ei(t ^rriuft erdiGurrii
;siim^ jsAQionyfi QaCuait sfisanA" 10 er^fD fiH^snwjS
ufTL.«6 :\-.-^^^ efkfii"^ GaiLL.&, fsdOLanyfi OatlL.* cilP^^Ae^em ^eatt^pA,
ai «? £ (2>* gjdiQfVftacft A<iic/^Arr<sd niD^Gfi ^A^Skl&i&sh Gun&
f^^p/f&A .2Je!?bij«oftt fs)(l5i5LA_i&, ^^ik aneaA ^axuu^gfi oi^d^f^^
Guns, er^SrflSicfiA \j^^a&^^& rglB^ih, ^si *u<?^ mrr^lDi '€T&&th
aefl^fsrr(beji\\ ^ihesui eflBihUICSturrit ^a)arGi(94©t^ U'^&s,asiai^ toianeoL.-
ujeif^uA, 9^(!>!^^ &(fflBarT(!i&& fi^SitsiGiunrflBtih iS^0kin&& Qarr(i>i!}urt.
fAS^fiih ^rjJkiicift&eRaiCi U(Ti7rril(i).i3 u^&^itt Q&n'sbCiufi, eiisi. Q&n(L\buaestaiCi
urrzTrTtlUx rf • i2> aeaatflA Qff^&&& jBdissnoaKb {Jits^JH^j^ QumiStlCi),
jftp<s^ maaVt GeiieoGeifsfiu Ui&GfsinQ> eoHieM^^^nibdi/t»
Q^rri^ si&i& eamadwo^^ Geajj^^an^ VotHuCQuh, GQi0uL.nui&iih jictn^-
Qui>(pos\^S. Si&^ai eresieoniht u^ Gun&g) t.uMa(B&&^ ^wfS^^^^
^iuS>fDCiijC.ib{h, ^eUkstu Qaniti:zmuJI& Q^nmam^Jiajs, &nei^0i> ^<S>f^9
65
(S\GiC^'^^Steft ^ciSk»!J&sMn& searf/t^aaia SH(^^ sp^estfs larDoitfeA
er&ud 'Jiiuemrfl^aifTr'f, ^ihitmnQ) uirri>uCQ>Ci ucs)L.eiibfs& enfifi Qeiil^
" ^ iP GSLLi b l u O / ^ J WUIUl1";SXX»3 OUJUjTfTS
m^ea^ iflpCiuXtunii, ^^eirr4) uiAesi& i^assiifittiih eopeonftP^ ^Daua^i2>
6^
^CnA<ffd LDn^a^ QoiC^WlBSif Q&it0n4i s^ijfi&i^^ ^aiesuSA sif^^QisiA
i2> fi./D d}ssft&&\^ u3i^asasn& Q&rTQ>^^di), fiUiA&ii uS^^A Gurr&p
LoeSiC!S)R3(fsnCcs)L.^)m&du^ilii^^ei}& a(Q0ajSi ai^^^ksm ^@ih,
"QieJksnQttjrreF, <5o/fe'«®tft sr&^^&nii Q«n5u(f)flJl3 qjToflkyixk G0l^Cb Q&n&enC^
eu <9Q GQij^fB&fyiS QGI00)£»IU «0®^(D QiBni)(DctnQieaiuoji!i Gunft
jneuftsigi Q^iu€\}nd> GjsffL. c d o usa&furflfi ^yfkJi^^ ^n&^kiiih urrC^d.
66-
eJbm Gtiui) ffMtt ude).
eT&eiiLiui- aflLu 3i{i>^ G/)s7r at&
^\&&^i.fi e>naSfb&^ Q&&&fflS> {ifsn^fpO
uesiffMft&Qnm (oiQJsip lapeaft&eaen la^Gprrft i^e^atft, 9(13 lafDotA
ufTrjnC<hcaft, gjda/Vrf'ffiajaT^ M^rrAL. €56}. dPfsimenfaCi urr/rmltoa/rf .
fU utsniuCi uITjTrrtlCbcurt. ^ei&^'O Hpu&nCisi.QiunA iS& Qea^mcfkunfi
urffeflw Qufl^e/ft.
d&ssift ^Q^Ci ^ usstaeaeajj jitsfuaSku^ 0<7 iu< i2>, euenfiest^ ^!^& iSAibib
66
&fT&&il) QufT©jl(i» er^OuSi «n'ift^OurTit.
UOTL. €ayfl 3)fii# anCsuft, a r r ^ ^ GQJ^^A eu^^lsaih *(ifl, ^rriftqptiutlc.-
GfBnA^ ',:)ffebG>eiftbei}rT&, efpff&cf GeafifhA asiamni) \^iir-,^mCi QufiS'^
"G&CLKi.Giun QiTTi^rTsac urr^m/pi3
U^-OanSj '^&io)!D&(if sisapufih
LQij^jnii^ ^S^sstui ^ipWlBsiii @JJG " 1 7
er&p q/Di3urrL.ct)&).£S«7Sp& sneaeotTili, ^ih u) £UftiS®i£©# ^fk^ usau^aoiih
ea^^ mpeic^p sT^^^ ;g ^ia0 Gun ft en eSlBDuaeaiu eieit&fl!iuQ)^&a>A,
9diw«/rr(3 G/VOJ) ^I2> (andS&0aini> ^c^nsGsa usnaeasstfj ej^ftCtuft,
Gunf(&&a\^^ g)a) 5"UL*.t_ Ui(S>eaeS^ ^esmcsimf^ unpmL(batn,
SieamB ^aeoaiaj& Q&n&djk^ e^ni^&&& sin^efl iiRijU^A biunQit aifii^eunA,
^Aeaeai^ih Gffft^&&Q^rrAQ> cu/We'fDtSufTA,
s>n^^ lopoiS usa^^rt &.uirf# )siuut3 QuronS oHi^dLiAeaeau dknjj^s
^fJiftlSCiunii, &sn^^ ;^!D/!>ffuCGi-rTeia(sii^ (sum&& arrsuA ioiffSjfi(a)fsAuA,
(o)&neaft^^ LO/DC/A e.L.ffl)fl)i3 Quit Q^nCjuff er4is^iSi, w^srr^r.'/j/^t^ 3i4>^
iS^L.& erS&iii 3i£iaiif, ^evs^^nif, i2un(fKS&>uC.(b eMs^oJ& J^rdifparflA
<9%u QuAs& eBeaeaSi>L.& ^i3q@^^ iDnitei&, ^k> QuA&A
Qunfi&&en^^G}Qaj ^L.A&& QeaetH^sa aib^^^ fi& LonflLflA wff^^0^
0/Err#^Gurr./ t .
UilL.mfDrjrf si'aOTiJiqA ^s/rlffi^snt-iu @^jTtt/i^ efn^ca^ajA L/«t^«j»t, U(3)ffi-
aOeJlffw '< «c;pi2k 6s eJuJ|/( <SEGiigi{ui2>
6S
QiffAQtDdfl <9 &>i2> u<^^i!» u£ac9a/(&
«r(ijq/2> ^iHiiii mipafkr^ amsttudfiih
^i7iT^^64iJ &.GpfTUirj§i (iP^mestaeiniu er^daO ueD€assi& CffStfSc&^tm^
^i/JP/BrrtlCbA G«fTtlai)«-«firfkt> (DuAOu^tfi o/b/firffeT ' ' 2 0 frdfl) fa/;5,£)ufT,'i?.ufl<«^
j]^ir^««jft& QurrO;5;5i3uil(i> g|05<S5eufrii, 4/DOwurr(!5«5r QeajfturrLorrano
curr€i2> uroeaO) Qff&&}4 Q^iianA, Qurrd^ean^ &4^bi&^Ui£>rr(:iH€D Q^^i&
ueae^eadi ui^^cuA esi&Ciuii)S>A 90x7 G;BnA/&u& npuuibth Geu/i^f^esinCti
^ian& eSnGffneflesm 3iyf\&&Ci 4iPi3ui!j_© Gunmen^n&Ci unnnC^Jxaft,
Qun'(!$(l''ip^ >u).iu e4J>to) uxTtsnOoSiuiji LjaL0c/ft, G;)^<SE4 dZ7u<(tan'(ZKu
.S iiil4@t2> QufTt5ilG)# guj-tti «rr/S^£& uaGirrCi) 84fla9©p u«xy*Hio 5^0.LA3u<t»
^iO(ui3 Qurr6<ft ^nif^^ Stestroaa ^cai-&srTG)ji&^ ^n&&Oi eraeonih,
u t l u i 3 « ' " 2 2 ei&uft @ ,Q6a ,urTeo^iiLJiJtDidlhu4i,
i^fD^G^u^^en &tTe^^eirTC(bi^ uea&ssnu GPjiAu&).;&£' u ) ; ^ jffEtf'kASr L^/D^&^IJ
^«tPT*ffifrrj.T)€u Gi^fkiq-^Si LQ^JSI &dSscsien4 snft^^ .'JPcarf. e^Gsj
un^^M, ejG^&ib e^ Qurr<B^ efy>Uun^ Qftu<s9 iSsAQ>ib e.L.<ii Gff<Bih,
^pnii^iJ &^^k3^ eTuft^sft GurrrfllQ? QQ;*«/»t-.
"2.(ui1'q ^a£ui2> ^tmu) (I3s>nii) l /t/EfTf& QEfl
jsnQ>&Si e:.l^&ttjna3L.il Gunrftbih, ^4i,\&ii^ io)iBn&^0kses{iIiS} <*fDOuu
(i/)ils/TL_fT«i>il)UK).# to><?(&cjrf. Qej^jflifeS^ <ffirrrr(5fti)rr«' Q«rr/Jfl)Qirrfrflkffl«»
Qeai^^GstessCi unpnCSb&ft, iSunrfiSi Qjsn^^ Qeaj^^A ^i^CO)^
QurTffa(!3^ SiihoiuCi iJi<S%iu Gaifi^A ^esi& uss)L.idl.ih
Caji^e^ Qattiiasli^^Si ^maeSiGauieaujCi urT[jnCQ>eiit» @^piM
(JJBSJ& ^eftfrj& e^eaOsa ^eaesieaaana^Oi ^&ft^^&<&^, mpaiA ^eid
uipat^ 9C5a/<fr u«)«il}u;:?)£_tt/fai3)iT^ (oisn^Of Geucsie}^ 0fi^S ^tLibcitrA,
LipiiQ&rTQ>^& ^rjfT.nzT# < ^ ^ ^ ;5(i>i3u/t. ^u)5» Lorr<t enuiji iAnfp^
e.L.A ^csirjuM urn^n^ ^6n6'J)^& e.L.&Xb ISQI4)S^ ssifsii&CiQu^Si'^mT<jdf»
atej^i^li fB&os'.nmaf et{b^&"2 5 erdifo &pA eift i L/fift
ei^p *^&&rTii j^eo* ^&sa(!)S!iiuit^iJi upCiQurrQA QcK^ufrianiiuo)
e/2»a)ui3 Gurrcfit' '~)^eanSf ^ ^ i r i i U k s O t b uurr/JiCA eaAe^(k
uj cTcfltfr G,2fti;,i<!' ^(tjftirt-; tMGcTu,'iI> efffifa^ oflpeSku^afi ^(baft,
Gfsrf)ii [M'k-^Cb LftSrCA Cu«&«©A *^^frtt).«jQ^tfrurt".
Gunrf^ ^^po) a r r t l t . G IXAK). €ifL.n& Gunrfilib Qai/tfr.A&^, aiV<ta<fr
G^iJLOfTil @L_<ftG<5;n" £i;5(D^Ca^iJ6urT^A, C*fTi, «!' GGJ<8u.*.ff)L-<*'
firriii^ ^iMad)tun6J&? , ' crdip unuiiih QG^ GuTTif&&6n
u frt_t3 u(lCi>«ftfi)) 07.,
ei&S^ uxTcs rt
Surrff<Si.,CT^/?lw larrfiftCL.fr59xj-j^^'Sifi^^rTrf"26,
4^((p^eu QaeiX^WJ)^^ ^ D L J A T J S ' curTfinfiiurT^ib.
. larrfiiiurTili;:^!- CLO(fi£l«fTfift(i) ^owuQiuflftyjS &L.&Gun&f!} Qurfku u«)L_uJk3)«'-
gcjcjfTona^ flbiKfy GurrrtiiPfiBfDflDiu* <9»(DfTg? Gunrftt OcjfS^JI
Qufftp Grj^^ft?k^ a^iSaiuiytS tuVrtSfla* woj/Bjifl^ -sflJipiJiOTUjyA fiitf«c;^rr«(Jo
^J>Q;5fTtftjrre& i^J^fs ISeaevneSi ui&&eM' Qea^^h^tud urrCije/ft, j^/ifkait,
frU;srt"<55fiiQ* <KL_ ^u) uQif^fffhuCt urrOfiiff, ffn^Gpm/f g)a/d>ariutjr
4«0«/ f t , e.6u<L «(i& G)urrujui)uIT(i3«M u^/iftinar /^4«9 uu)iu«mu
^arDiSQurrCSfflXir ejftcnuJOujiS'fii' ejzartoirf. i^dqojffi cjrri5^cj)«uA&
;^('^iS sidiu^ai^ &Mftj^& ^^&as& u^A' j^asS ^ f f t t iuf iJc/ f f , ty<#--
9(!3 Geaf^fB03i 9(ip^ai2), q ^ QP^eSkifii^cap ^nnitijj^Si
a ^ aTpt^d^^^ ufTL.fT«ft ifciKaiurr@i2>,
^erAOiscTii urTfiJffifTflJfT^ Q/<ft<n«9flBUiu;t& j!f([5®ffl)t«g)toa,'ii erdtg^^sufp
CfiaxTCJO ^ ^ g)CTJl>|JiTfli!rft, Sj^^sftjisaanjuA "«L.fli«fr eani^ ^&eii ens,
eaate.iun^^i'] o-frtfj ^^&Gsfi , i^pCiQunQih QetifAunuinsstejaM unun(&
Q u rr ^JR/lu u L_fi) 16 r
uc>^k!: !d»K( -<^^0 Qun&eanm simpsaien^ <oi^rT&^&i& ^A>s>fpsi,
wurr^aAupurrco, arr^a^lS O u r r f f / b ^ u r r « u , (iPrf sacuii Qun&ofhuiiurTe)
Gun^syt^(ufsitl)u) , C G J A I J , 42Ht C ^ I J ^ ^ ) ^ ^ @6uiiU(&««!nrT ^snt-tunrwi-
&i)QeoQ}^i^, jirrnCLi!)., jstLO) siea^ biutu&ih s-QejiiPtli er\Q(i>^4i)l
jBQ}&i>:^co rjc3fjQ^ U&mft j(^/ft@4 Ca/Tttflft «95il(t^^ er&ua QurtSt-
9«r^flSct. ; fe!K3«©A@ ujtlCijGPn^ &sa0&d{ 'J^mjiun(S&,
Cu/TrAiiJuili_;3rTA s-^qasnAr QiP;R^ «CBQ;«&, meoaiGfl, ^nit, &n^.Q)&,
ttOet) .:7)rj 0 Q u (T j3cftu<J).r
^aaeoa^ fSc^eoeJkuft <5i(_ci1wfT«t) sjfiiSt_rr<?T m ^ ^ ^ u J S ^ ^{Deb, CTCDOJ ft
7S
(^uj^HiM^ •s^p cu* GeaaintSi saeoeasM iM^nea s.sst^daiiu^ih
<»muiGs>iutnih ^tiiil^^&l ^tu^sa&d i^ft^^nM) ^saeue^kBu^A
u(b^^6itS' otaA^kiemJUi ^.C^JUL. iadl0Siu^(^ i^ea^^^tSiu
^6
CT^git^ ^T)p^e)flrT ejemeuluOKU e}nss>s&@rfkussi,
c;fTf;8ffi^Q;KrriffturTnT& o/nrffiflaA, la/fiGurrft ujfljejrfkft UJ/DA,
'iSl i_<4«nr6U;&:S^ Qcuiftiau/flasrfbrii g)L.ifti»ufPfffl55«ft^i srrocufTA,
«u^<39, E,tiPTn)g), ^'i2>fl!)u, fii/Tsas, a n r d ^ , UfTL-rrflft crtSfl G^^lexi
CTtJiiU QrjAacs Cr)cu^^fltti# Q<?iDtt/<i&>u«ft)^ ana) gjiu^/rftyiftOTfrrt.
7f
Lf.p{jiQua'j^ Qcj^un mniste^^ ^(i&afffi Qumi3&£3if^^& &aeso)n:h,
er^Wijb, QJ41)^'^ ajfln sjieu &n^^ erdnitib, Qron<^ifl&& mBHsaneu
e4Plfj)t> ei^mtih ^m^&A ^oam^^/A'CTrrrf, 4^t3QurTC3A u^/lflu
^tJ JSr ci/l5 L^r)uLf,T)& u^afltua cancn&, unundSi, Qunwdh^ 6i^.9(h
^siiiyiDth «nfl5A«ft3)OT, io\uG)^^cx^ er&lifCb Qund^^uL. ^^aaui^S'^eiinff,
uiLq.iucae'j LDiKbih ^trfbtCd)^ f9om&&& 'wsfTi^' g|(?j*£5<^%V2 tlu
GundSiQp scupaB^.ih •Qarr©' e!fk!f&&& ^difpnif Jlitf A«;NO.
7S
Gun&&&Ci uesiu&A lyjstSuto/i ^u^^, ^neann^&L.&
CTfTft, Sujcrrrifl^eirrrf QeuC^ ^ffeuib, a/j/t/^a^ ijiiea A,<Ji» iShujBiW/aib«SHi
Sfpeiiih, rjiTGDffi ^'ffc;ii er^SH :Jijlisi ^exUBelfl^ ^a^^arnj^, ^cioiti^
;5rr«^G6fr«M
£.3ii_s/rTfli)OTiyi5 CurrftAssmI) Gisn&ii^ Qff&eo^ Q<ytflc»rT<S, QfiJ
eaVrfisCSA© GGJ^^OT S-LjfteaOcas' Curr*/D lassij^eoGSHU £ 4 5 a / ^ • ^ ( ^ ,
O^srT^fflrriJiLfti/rf ©snt- , fl;nr«ft ;5fT«?K»«niswe4fife)#^j#:nKSiJft toilCt>(»u>
A/lfllytftOTfTft, £3iufi!ffTrrt;S«ifTif o j ^ . ^ , &n4S>^, ejp'fe)© 6T<&/D C/)«Jfffi
>fe)CT«fiflE5 ' ifffliytftCTrrft. Q£3 iJii>«rrcu;&;^ tflUn"fTT6& (»c<;J;5rta;«ftft
GjsjJis).^ _scaeoiu(b iM^^sinosaujA &mlQ>sS(DSi erencomh,
Mej^dfl&Qff'rrefien y>B).u/iI> er&Wi Gea/^^eiSLih ioiunri/fl^&l ^sesfLopojA
earj^i3>^ e.ud>ej(!i& eljJtf&A urr!JnCi^^I eaijsaem ^d^uenuaJkaOih
<9^ijiiJV^;5ft). r^tq^iMafl QuidieieSl9intLu-eb - ^anei Guniip aij^sianuoj
"^a)e\)^rzne}t Q/ECijC-.ltorrtf'l ^srfrQcnrCt) L^earT^cu
7f
rsnQ} ^wftA© sfQelfku LMi6ae!nurftL(b(QeaC^)33
cJfewFCiO t/«3ic3)6>j4 s^^iestp isuneo
90«a<l ^ntu^ QuO<3)u)Cc;^5l) 34
Siesta ^UfB^lu QufHssiUi
0s5t;3&e^o fLB^neSi^aiii u^dfiu (o)ffiu^omii upaieonad io]&TTcSi(b^ensi,
<i<s9w5'«i)/D<55a3CT a^a)©, urTt-fTfi* ^ii^xs3&al& aflHai orrrf , Biu(i^nrf]^e'rT(3J^
Qej^f^u$){D Qea^^eS^ U^rflA QfiA&ih iM&& w^uinfpan^&Hi,
80
csiin^cefieirft, SSiuesinrfl^es:mf S't&anu, Gineas^fSi^mstiflA ^^Q&ij^-
GunifL. {SfBSJiiih Ejfi ICi). u)a©68)L_ui ^/ksQ^ ^fli/ftu ui&Gifans>Q6un
(jiSiQq.uJkcieafrsiGe'jfr g)Ouurf , Q^n^AnCiLSIu& &rT^^^sisxc:,aJijb
' / ^ { T ^ & Gtjsguci^^ GeujI^fiiQeinQ} (tps@(q. tjo«tlurr(i> <S<5%/
' u>«<n iQ&^fi,^* SissifDluemm^soften&•, **unrfkMaesieMi unhcmaiii G&CUb
^cM^^TtaGtu cj&^L-^ennif» soJ^ai^f Q}sn4^, OTS^^^eir,
uiLOj&eneai» 'ZiiuesnTfl^mnff ^^jsn^.^ Qutun^A ^«f^;£5«^ 0cmi&A
£);!5rra>ffin-i!iL/lui Qejil-gT sOgnfiauiK) *ffftu ^Jboft"/'"^i^lt-w v&^
QunS'eJku^j fkc«i!S\un&>& ^f lu^rrrf . g)ijiQurT5'Q/ba/tt ^asm^&^ ^^asa-
«(i>4(&il) Qurrgtorrfii76B)rj , aTtu ^cxa&d^A^ latlCbA QufT^a/rrcrGnai,
CTrrrf ,
Q^rr6v>«fTt3L/bft -ftcfliy' *" ffCT/DsoftO 9 0 ^koci^uflil)^ £3iuc:rrrl-
?l
*e>^nif. Guui f^€D, Guii&^n^^ er^&Ji, Q^BHCL. GH^^,
^Ger.nQ}& (iiB^iQcnib^ ffn{i^0SiSx[^ s, /J^*), (fi^&yfisste, ff^n f^^A
et&fp i{0ii &Gsin}&es)enA <si/i:fly«ftflrrrrt, Cihesiu^^ersaJliS} G^tfuitDui,
Q^srr^smiLflurt oinsaa^ ^iBstauIHb &{!fkn^en SIIBJ.65 J^^^
una), <srrti>iS js^^ un^ er^p &^p&6S)€n ^vjamrfl^esinsf ^pofliisneo *
82.
1 , Q,<5rTcu,J)u/T(3*.;B#'£Frf , u . 6 .
2 , 4 ,t)irj .torr ..gi^ . u r r • 4 - 6 u , l ,
4 , Q^rreti .G)ufr(5<ft , 6 4 1 ,
5 , urr£u<»i!iL/Jaii)rafbdl',@ .Qc / . ^Faa QeuA^flu^^ 4fD i3QurT0«& u - 2 8 6 .
6 . Lorr ,,Q.crfT.yu)rTCifl$<5t5^
i4t <£5e;ri6UfTiU/ U . 3 8 .
7 , i; . 'oirj, Lorr. .g?^ , L.TT . U - 4 ,
S'i Lj'.QfiJ .mfT ,0€!/(l«Ert, 1 U - 1 .
9 . e^, Qfj ,L;/Ta)«»{3L/kr"»^^,^ra« ^eo&^^fSlS) LffOiIiQuni^di ,L}-2 50*
10 ,(M:-:ie)6uinlQ, 10~11, 16~17^
1 1 . 4 ,i.1rJ .mr r . <5fT^6j) - 1 u - 3 1 «
12 ,4 fDt i - 2 5 9 .
1 3 ,4,Q(rj ,u»fT ,6!j6al 1 , u - 4 7 .
14 .Lj.QflJ. torr, ea^^l - 2 , u - 4 9 .
15 »LI{Dlji,16 m
16 »q,Qej ,uin ,sn^j^l, u - 7 3 .
17,4fDi2>,2 8 9 .
1 8 , 4 .GJgy ,u>rT »Qrsn4^1 ,u"99,
19,<9aiji!>iv,15 ; 2 0 7 - 2 1 8 .
2 0 •<s^.uiTci}<:^uiikru»s/bfft*g!eu^«9u cu/reurrtf' u - 2 2 .
2 1 , 4 , Glca , Lorr. e j ^ © 1 - u - 1 0 9 .
2 2 ,© . Ocy ,L'rr6u<sfijiL/feru3eiflb ,«? f&a §eoA^^0& 4/DiJfQurr(L5^, u - 1 8 7 .
2 3 ,@/D<5r-74 2 .
24 , 4 , Qo , ujrr .fiJiSanu - I , u - 1 3 8 .
25,@p^ - 7 7 6 .
2 6 ,4 /Di2) .62 , 6 3 ,
2 7 , 4 , Q<rj , ijorr ,eifrai)«-. l , u - 1 6 4 .
Si
30 . i^,Qej , u>n , ssi&^^kaen, QuOji^smes-'S , U - 3 S 3 .
3 1 . cj ,«s?u. LOfTCsaSatI), ^iS^&s,iT^d) , u A - 2 6 - 2 7.
3 2 . Lj ^QGJ ,ion , [M& asijj u - 8 •
33. Q^rreu.QufTOt^.eO'IS , 1 5 - 1 7. 3 4 . Q^rro^ .Qunr®<ft. 63 1 V-d,
3 5 . Q;5fT€^!».QurT© , 72^ 6 - 7 , 1 4 - 1 5 .
3 6 . Q^rTfti.Qurr©^. 72;; 6 - 7 , 1 4 - 1 5 .
3 7 . 4 P i h . 1 0 9 - 1 1 0 , 1 1 1 .
S4
iJ>^eJku& GumftJ^/rfiu <9%y ^U).t^ug^u& S&^SI^S/MU eJi-JMi^SfDS^,
( c a s e s tudy )^3ieS}& udicjtu^ ^i^rflii Gunrfkjd!) kPeatps,^
9© ufucxjCi unftma /^AJIL/KIC a b i r d ' s eye view )0^rr<e)^"
ut:5;5;suJ}5/l aurTftiy)fii)/Da «r CT-auiLftlCijC evaluat ive )
.*t(&6!/G..:fr viuL/llct* ^uJciG^frC comparative ^GLO^'J^IT^TIWU
j^£OuM)t 3f>^^(!^ g)i L.(»(U E-rffCT e^^Waaui (Sei^WcDio mCibih
MiiSennun&ifJ^ih GufT(!i<ft<sfTfin CW^rruraraSift trtSii^, j/S sQjutOfjq L0(5ii-'J»
e.(i5rjfT©/i ff^3,^0^ mn\P^'Si&6 UfSk\ erAp& ©•/ftcilutlCi) si^^^y^
gs-
Uunrfkii QuuOdkjd) £^ii).du&siu&A ^tLuduCjues, e^dlQeundi
Qurr(3c!!)aj& &eijff{s&, er^rfkM ofkaenQurTi^^aaaar s^i^^& ^^{E
G)ufT(3«ftu£t) ,^q.Ciu.?s)i-^enn& j^fl9U)/S^'^«i«r, Gfumt, ujjaf A
©d i-arj 9^/ifbCT^i5', ^e)e!jen&&esten aiiaiuCiu(b^0l, un&andu
ciaw)T(liraij icT i.'Viejn^iQ - (^rDrj/Tforra i}i7<9^ iX!Pi2)U>iifT«jr
e.(5G)(TA<!?' ;f^© Q,^npuirr& ^cstiD^^coia «»tlL.L5uil.L.£'. Gurr»t#
^i^^^ f^i-& G^u^, rs^L.Qup GQ}Aisi.iu Cuirrf u{bflfl {iP&-
&I1K).(?UJ LUC fiiffeneififj Carruurrilcij joftajguuftfi ;si_^^i3Qui?il i JfJ
iSeaeas j^Ef«afl_,.|£J ji/iUcjtssA <J5n'6U(5<5<7ft5 js-^uQu^p t^pl^^hioii
(p u fTft a6)TfT.K4- "^^rreOamiLikurrrro) 'SifDi!iutl(:><ft«?rfi!r,
t T g^Q)Qif:n& s-^efiffj, GurrrftbGosnA ^c!!>L.ajrraii^ u^r,mijA
Sk
G^St&Qff.na^i. CpUfT^A toiea^fffl CRIGSE). jAS^^ih unif^^^f^iufh-
GurrfT GmfBQ«3,rT<ft(£yiyJ<8; e^^pdfi^^ <gTrDi!turr«s (»ii5f5Q<SBrr<t«iTii-
uiltj3«ff€ns:j. Qcmlal j^ ^Soiciuftu gTiftfOfffl^rneuiji U(5fffl& •a^/jAu^ Gurr«f,t»
ii)/5fD^^ar.7o5fiflty 'Siff)'~ ""ftfltUoTiCU. CufTftGPiS' ^L.mc,^ S-i£fl£3)€;l5
snCiUku QejtL^ CurrrfKi Gejj^^^ &€ojk&Qs>niii6nn^ /^eorntu ji/rjAu
GPii?..^^. Qi^if], SLi£'k3)«j, S'liaauO Gunfi&€ifi& Qej0^ff&^
««fk? rj,raa&&tluilGL. GurTrfil(hsfi(n(si(f, ^nfiu-^uatjCb uci)uS,-
fij*i7rf<5<fr Giiejns^u Gurrrrt lo^i i ;5«ftufT<SL5 CurTnll(.i,iL ^ i i srrdjsj.--
sOofhili Q^Tfrfl 2.L.«ti ufu^c;srr8ii(S Gurrnllfi)*^^!!^?^.
Currjf (y>ii).jS,«5 fiisjieouJ& Ocif5iEfE)u(ftGfDn'ff /5fr(i Oeu^fLi ;srTtljq.«?r
gf
u^^cneJ^i, 2.iiJhrjit^& r/^^^enesfi,
Gunrfi^ Qp^^ o^rjft&cnaiCi unpnCibih jafpiuiT&-ih
erib^C €jy:^C.Q)(!iai6!'fi, js(ba& aQ>^^& (jPan/DuuK). u^JGaW
QcjiLifl flj*fTft««^ Gejj^^mnG) ^atCiuCQiih, ^en^uL-mj^iib
fj^if^ U(2it-<s56ft Gun ft QfinQ}&(i^th bPtSqA GunrfU) Qej(5{di
Gunnnc& ^(r)Ciu{b^&, c-iPTsne' GQj^^aeF& suo^enGunQ} sno^^u
ejnaite:duL-&)iLb ^ usst&Gea^^esi^Li CurrnT^ Qsn&& oinesch-
Qfrrr^j^nOUki^^ g)# Qffoj^di @ ^ L f t l i _ ^SSQCJIT®
^^^amaA £)i&uH{D^ <otffiu^6s>6u& •aiiCaftl&iDCT. bifJ<!:fij|jiQuC5;J-
&f
(SufT^ i;/Di3G)ufT0<S 6)cjfi5urru)rrfi!)£u ^tlLdiSSfiSJOJ. u*<i5ft5ut-6u4;t^^ii
iMupufl QaC.<^j(ei u)Sf^saeo arrf^ca^l euCif)^ mm^e^co sin^liifit
tfl«riJ ih&ti'^i) GuneafD £^istro&ii Q(iI>SP AsofcajL G/krjA<5i3uBjj£^ii,
LTrsianCiUku^jC Defence s t u d i e s * n'« " L7' C'«7flbd), uirrfisft-fifluet), ycsrertlu^ Curr<?/jD ud)QeuiU ^/ if t i j^ ^uiofftffifl^ ejyflr^JM''
ID
,1 , , , , ^ffi/orrsn" flJ, 1 9 7 0 , s tpsA, <F<!f.T)Ci.
2, /iJu/T^cfi-'flJiJit/rrrf, « n ' , 1 9 5 7 , *Q^&esniL^i^ GuiT/t<Si5f.7(&<5<fl '
4 , QprTffinneM^&emnif, mn ,1959, ' 5 ^ § _ ^ 2 S > i l € ' L/rrifJ£ :n6i)uyii,
5 , f>),fTrrucifl5<a;J!), , /7/&ffi , 1 98 7 , ' f ^'ffi__Qfu^^;£/^_(£6J^irrf •
6 , . r, ' ^if/S i); frfii)<95' , 1 9 5 5 (S-Soj uf)Csnl&\^S>th,Gi9S}fatiBr. \
7 , 0<5rrc^^ifli!/, s f r , 1 9 6 5 , 'uci j iL^ fSiSi^fi UurrrtQ/EfE?)'
Gi«flvyG/»t UfiS(3K3, Q<£F«!rGl»C? .
8 , . . . . , . , . . , '<9^uiiu;&Brrjjtl), flAuyaA 2.cnx7iyi2)' , 1 950 CSiSu/li^ )
9« <s"rL5iJJrjLoc:fliu urrn^, ^,1941 (52i,& u^Liit^nu^nif 3,e!f^^&Ai^
i O . . , • SB JJjt lun^^^rj*, 1976 . stpaJi), Q£F<?iij)fiP,
?/
11. ^30^k'iei(f tl954 , '^AC/Dift ' , ^A^n)ifi j^pfgkmejiuil^,
12, G)^n^£indLJhjfi[,19 74 , 'GlgfT^ jTiiLAyjfiJJ. (QunQen^nrjih,
12 ' 2 ^ 1 ^ f U^y^i^ * ( '!="-'rrOflif. fTiTiI),
14 'u^^Liuntlib* (QP^&,^!j(^L.nih u&^>di)l966
Qua ,Geii .iSffnuyst^^rjeirT&ejirr, <fttP<£5ii), Qff&an^ ,
1 5 , . . " 'u^&Liu^Si\ 19 73 (5^%ili u^i^)GiP«ti,
X7\^ urrfr^rrrf , <F . G-srir . 1 94 2 , 'Gl^rrtti^/TiiLftL/A •'^)un(jiluL.eoih
(
1 8 , uJrra'i*utiIrruDG:ffcu(2»,5 .19 78Cl 7-<ai2) u ^ ^ q ) ' ;5tii'* g)o.*^au
, CiJTCUrrfli • , /5fl»li36UjT|3 U;'^U<7'l!>, Q<5^6Ka)fiir,
1 9 , uVa)<5'tiLfJ[7ia:%;4f, © .Qrj , 1 956 , ' ^ © s ' eu.Si^iu, .;^ L//r)uQufTO<ft *
L^nn , L<i.&Q <!BniLaiL.,
2 0 . unTj<S'f ,. iTifcLftft«f)«n, ^.<» , (^encji^seipnif , , 1 9 76 ,
^2
2 1 , , » *LirD,W[Tfi>> &> * (tfieotipih £.tJ)iJiyii)l 9 5 6
22 , *ufDuQun(5eli J^cu^uiTiQ^^^jep • 19 74
2Z , Ciurfku&Guu^, gjTfTtfl.1976 ' ^ © a .gbi),S<9ftu ' D U L ^ S ^ '
2 4 . LarrfJia<siL, ( ? j . a u , 1 9 7 5 , '^uiyJa)
93
Ish
! • Carl Von Claaswltze.lQ^i «on war* (Tr.by J.J^Graham^ Londonskegan Paul,Trench,Trubnerz •
Co.LTd* 2 . Cha:kxavarti,HanbJLr,1986 'Warfare For Wealth*
CaicuttaiFlrma KLM Private Ltd, 3« Claessen,H.J«M. and Peter Skalnlc(edB«)197d
* The Barlr State'.Hajnie jMouton
hm • . . • • . . • • 1 9 8 1 , 'The Study of The State* Hague,Mouton^
?. Bngels,F^1972, 'The Origin of The Fftwj j y pyjyate Property and the State* LondonsLavrancel Wlshart
6; Krader, Lawrence, 1975, *The Asiatic mode of Production*.
Vangogun - As sen*
7. Neelakanta Sastri,K.A.I966, »A Hlstpry of South India*
MadrastUniversity of Madras*
8. The New Encyclopaeila,Brltanica;Mlcropadla,VQl.IV
197M-(l5th 2dlUon)Wllllaa Benton Publisher,Chicago & London*'
9. Wright/Quincy, 1965 (II Bdition)*A Study pf War*
The uniyersi^ of Chicago Press,Chicago & London*
... •
