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a ten thousand foot view of the repository landscape
Library Stewardship and the Evolving Scholarly Record
25th Anniversary Conference of the National Repository Library, 21-22 May 2015
Kuopio, Finland
Constance Malpas, OCLC Research
NRL, 1990
CRL, 1949
UC NRLF, 1982
ReCAP, 2000
CTLES, 1994
1980 1990 2000 201019701960 ‘50
Mo I Rana, 1
989
CARM, 1997
Metadata guidelines, 2012
2020 2030 2040
Institution scale
infrastructure
Group scale infrastructure
Coordinated operations
Harvard Depository,
1986
WEST, 2010
HathiTrust Shared Prin
t, 2015
CBUC GEPA,2008
Growth of Print Repository & Shared Print Infrastructure
25 years EAST, 2016
RLUK?UKB?
UKRR, 2007
BL Bosto
n Spa, 1961
Evolving scholarly record
Collection directions
Framing the Scholarly Record …
OCLC Research, 2014Figure: Evolving Scholarly Record framework.
OCLC Research, 2014Figure: Evolving Scholarly Record framework, publishing venues.
Fabric of Scientific Practice, Scholarly Communication
Scholarly record is evolving Increasing volume of content Increasing diversity, complexity of content Increasing diffusion, distribution of custodial responsibilityof
Stewardship models are evolving Greater attention to system-wide context Increasing specialization, formal division of labor Deepening reliance on resource sharing networks
Parallel Trends
Interdependent repository infrastructure: print, digital, open, commercial
Collections as a service
Collection directions
Owned
Catalog
Available
LibGuides, etc
Licensed
KB/Discovery
Global
Google, ResearchGate, etc …
Separation of discovery & collection:• Focus shifts from owned
to facilitated (available)• Focus shifts from
collection to other services (creation, …)
• System-wide thinking becomes stronger.
OCLC Research, 2015.Figure: Discoverability redefines collection boundaries.
The ‘owned’ collection
The ‘facilitated’ collection
The ‘licensed’ collection
The ‘borrowed’ collection
• Pointing people at Google Scholar• Including freely available e-books
in the catalog• Creating resource guides for web
resources
• Purchased and physically stored
A collections spectrum
The ‘demand-driven’ collection
The ‘shared print’ collection
OCLC Research, 2015.Figure: A collections spectrum.
Shared PrintCollection directions
11
Shared Print
• ‘Right-scaling’ management of print resources, shift to above-the-institution strategies
• Opportunity costs of maintaining institution-scale operations are high
• Early efforts focused on journals (low risk, high return); attention shifting to monographs
• Goal: increase operational efficiencies for managing print, enable strategic redirection of library resources
A
In few collections
In many collections
Licensed
Purchased
Outside, inOCLC Collections Grid
Distinctive
Library as brokerMaximize efficiency
Then
Low Stewardship
High Stewardship
Inside, out
Library as providerMaximize discoverability
Now Figure: OCLC Collections Grid, shift in emphasis. OCLC Research, 2014.
Core
In few collections
In many collections
A
Licensed
Purchased
Shared printCommercial repositoriesMaximize efficiency
OCLC Collections Grid
Distinctive
Low Stewardship
High Stewardship
Core
Inside, out
Institutional repositoriesMaximize discoverability
Figure: OCLC Collections Grid, shift in emphasis. OCLC Research, 2015.
Demand-driven acquisitions
Outside, in
Workflow support
Collection Directions
Then: Value relates to depth and breadth of local collection.
Now: Value relates to system-wide curation of and access to print collections – ‘right-scaling’.
14
Decision support throughshared data.
Right-scaling stewardship
Collection directions
North American print book resource: 45.7 million distinct publications 889.5 million total library holdings
Figure: North American Regional Print Book Collections. OCLC Research, 2013.
Mega-regions & Shared Print Initiatives
OCLC Research, 2013
Orbis-Cascade
CIC
ASERL
SCELC
MSCS
WRLC
OCUL
GWLA
WEST
FLAREMany North American consortia are mobilizing
around ‘group-scale’ shared print programs Figure: North American Mega-regions and
shared print activity. OCLC Research, 2013.
COPPUL
ChiPitts
CIC-scale shared print program could preserve 58% of regional collection
SoCal
SCELC-scale shared print program could preserve 47% of regional collection
Char-lanta
ASERL-scale shared print program could preserve 67% of regional resource
Group scale
OCLC Research, 2013Figure: Regional impacts of consortial print stewardship. OCLC Research, 2014.
As of December 2014: 1.46 million titles held in US shared print repositories
+ ??? titlesin undisclosed shared print
collections
High concentrations in Maine, Florida and New York
Figure: Geographic concentration of shared print inventory . OCLC Research, 2015.
~3% of print book collection?~1% of print journal collection?
Beyond North AmericaIn 2015:• Examining collective print book
collection of 34 RLUK members to support shared print planning efforts
• Analyzing collective library holdings of 13 Dutch universities, exploring system-wide library characteristics
• Deepening our understanding of ‘systemness’ in different national contexts
Thiophene Guy “Ballroom dancing during the Belle Epoch. 1902” (flickr) CC BY-NC-SA. Original image from Library of Congress
Selection pressure
finding the right
partner(s) to
maximize success
HathiTrust
Multi-scalar strategies
HathiTrust
HathiTrust
Duke
RLUK
TRLNASERL
HathiTrust
UKRR
HathiTrust
HathiTrust
PiCarta
WhiteRose
Leeds
UKB
Utrecht
simultaneous participation in cooperative efforts operating at multiple scales ?
UC system
Figure: Multi-scalar library partnerships. OCLC Research, 2015.
UCLA
WEST
LERU?
Dan Morelle “Lefty” (flickr) CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
New demands on coordination capacity
• Increased need for system-awareness
• Growing dependence on data-driven decision support for group-scale operations
• More attention to performance metrics
https://www.ohiolink.edu/sites/ohiolink.edu/files/uploads/OhioLINK_Regional_Central_0.pdf
…regional impact
…return on (public) investment
…economies of scale
Coordination capacity
Facilitated collection
Key characteristics1. broader awareness of system-wide stewardship
context2. declarations of explicit commitments around
portions of local collection3. formal division of labor within cooperative
arrangements4. increased reliance on trusted networks for
reciprocal access Implications for libraries1. importance of multi-scalar partnerships grows2. cataloging, resource-sharing workflows re-engineered
to support collection-level behaviors3. local stewardship commitments aligned with
institutional priorities4. increased scrutiny of ROI for collaborative
partnerships
Consciously coordinated stewardship
http://www.oclc.org/research@ConstanceM
Stewardship of the Evolving Scholarly Record: From the Invisible Hand to Conscious CoordinationBy Brian Lavoie & Constance Malpas
[in press]
More information . . .