A time with no electricity or mass transportation?

Would there be societal and economic limitations? Like what?

Can you imagine?

Industrial Revolution ( In the European Region)

The Industrial Revolution was a period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times.

It began in Great Britain, then subsequently spread throughout Western Europe, Northern America, Japan, and eventually the rest of the world.

When was it?

The Industrial Revolution did not take place in a vacuum.

The world went on around it, often oblivious to the changes that were taking place under its nose.

It is only by being aware of this wider perspective that we can hope to understand the events of that great upheaval.

What does that parallel in today’s world? Think of examples.

Was it the only thing going on at the time?

The Industrial Revolution changed Britain from a land of small towns, villages and farms into a land of cities, large towns and factories.

How was it a revolution?

The population grew from 16 million in 1801 to over 41 million by 1901. Cities grew fast, as people moved from the countryside to work in factories.

How did it affect the population?

Men, women and children worked in factories, and in coal mines.

Factory and mine owners became rich, but most factory and mine workers were poor.

They were paid low wages, and lived in unhealthy, overcrowded slums.

What effect did it have on society?

Child labor refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful.

This practice is considered exploitative and Legislations across the world prohibit child labor.

Child labor was employed to varying extents through most of history.

Case Study: Child Labor

Before 1940, numerous children aged 5–14 worked in Europe, the United States and various colonies of European powers.

These children worked in agriculture, home-based assembly operations, factories, mining and in services such as newsies.

Case Study: Child Labor

Activity: Public Service AnnouncementAnswer questions 1-4.Create a poster with your PSA written on the

bottom.IT MUST BE A CREATIVE VISUAL

REPRESENTATION OF YOUR ANNOUNCEMENT AND PROVOKE AN EMOTIONAL REACTION.

This will be displayed in class.

World Wars & EuropeCauses, Events, and Effects

First half of the 1900sTwo World Wars resulted in MAJOR CHANGES in

EuropeCause: RIVALRIES (think like high school but on the

biggest scale EVER!)World War I (WWI):

Fights over European powers and economic superiority 1914 to 1918

World War II (WWII):Weak economies led to dictators getting to power and

trying to expand their territories. 1939 to 1945

Conflict & Division: Setting the Stage

World War IAnother name for WWI was “The Great War”

Monarchies collapsed in Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia, & several other central and eastern European countries.

Trench Warfare was a BIG DEALThe Versailles Peace Treaty in 1919 found

Germany guilty of starting the war and demanded that Germany make REPARATIONS

Reparations means payment for damages…basically “you break, you buy”

“The Great War:”

World War IIAllies VS Axis

Political problems+Post War+Economic Depressions= DICTATORS COME TO POWER

Hitler, Mussolini1939-1945Holocaust—mass killing of more than 6

million Jews and others by Germany’s Nazi Leaders

Left Europe ruined and dividedMost of East Europe was under communist

controlDivision led to COLD WAR

WWII

#21: Daily Warm-Up IN YOUR JOURNAL

Tell me five key things EACH about World War I and World

War II!

Happy Thursday! *REMEMBER Mini-Project due tomorrow, as well as a

notebook check*

The casualties suffered in the First World War were of a scale never before experienced. Great Britain and her Empire lost over 1,000,000 combatants; France, 1,300,000; Russia, 1,700,000; Germany and its allies, 3,500,000. Losses in life per day of the war exceeded 5,500.

Although each soldier would have been involved in some form of continual conflict whilst serving on the front-line (e.g. trench raids, snipers, shelling), it is possible to distinguish major battles (or pushes) whose names have gone down in history as some of the bloodiest conflicts ever waged.

Key Battles of World War I

A major military engagement of World War IBattle of Verdun was a ten month long ordeal

between the French and German armies. The battle was part of an unsuccessful German

campaign to take the offensive on the western front.

Both the French and German armies suffered incredibly with an estimated 540,000 French and 430,000 German casualties and no strategic advantages were gained for either side.

The Battle of Verdun is considered to be one of the most brutal events of World War I, and the site itself is remembered as the "battlefield with the highest density of dead per square yard."

The Battle of Verdun, 1916

On the 1st July, 1916, after a weeklong artillery bombardment launched the now infamous "Big Push" attack across the river Somme. With the French Army being hard-pressed to the south at Verdun the British intended to breakthrough the German defenses in a matter of hours.

The mistrust that High Command had of the so-called "New Armies" manifested itself in the orders to the troops to keep uniformed lines and to march towards the enemy across no-man's land. This, coupled with the failure of the artillery bombardment to dislodge much of the German wire, or to destroy their machine-gun posts, led to one of the biggest slaughters in military history.

When the attack began the Germans dragged themselves out of their dugouts, manned their posts and destroyed the oncoming waves of British infantry.

After the first day, with a gain of only 1.5km, the British had suffered 57,470 casualties.

The Battle of the Somme, 1916

Every single battle of WWII was significant in some way. But, some of the more well know battles that can be considered the turning points of the war.

Key Battles of World War II

1. Fall of France 1940 - Hitler becomes the master of Europe

2. Battle of Britain 1940 - British manage to stay in the war

3. Battle for Moscow 1941 - First major defeat of German army on the ground. End of Nazi Blitz victories

4. Pearl Harbor 1941 - Japan advances in Pacific. US joins the war

5. Battle of Midway 1942 - Turning point of the war in Pacific

6. Stalingrad 1942-43 - Great defeat of Germans in Russia, the turning point of World War II

7. Battle of Kursk Salient 1943 - The biggest tank battle of the war starts Russian general offensive

8. D-Day 1944 - Allies open Second Front against Germany in Europe

9. Operation Bagration 1944 - Russian "blitz" offensive destroys German Army Group Center

10. Fall of Berlin 1945 - Russians take Berlin ending war with Germany

Key Battles

The Battle of the Bulge was one of the most deadliest and bloodiest battles of all the battles fought by the Western allies during World War 2. It accomplished little after the German's began their offensive. It was a long battle that was conducted in the freezing winter.

Battle of the Bulge

The Battle of Stalingrad was the longest and worst battle as the Red Army strove to defeat the Nazis. Nearly million were injured or died in that many months long battle.

Winter helped the Red Army defeat the Nazi army and that was the turning point in the Eastern Front. The Nazis were not adequately resupplied. They did not have winter clothing that could withstand 20 below zero temperatures. They did not have enough food, medicine, ammo or replacements.

So as they froze to death or starved to death the Red Army managed to lob enough barrages to make a difference. Hitler did not and could not resupply his troops at the end.

Battle of Stalingrad

On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise air attack on the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. After just two hours of bombing, more than 2,400 Americans were dead, 21 ships* had either been sunk or damaged, and more than 188 U.S. aircraft destroyed. The attack at Pearl Harbor so outraged Americans that the U.S. abandoned its policy of isolationism and declared war on Japan the following day -- officially bringing the United States into World War II

Pearl Harbor

The Japanese were tired of negotiations with the United States. They wanted to continue their expansion within Asia but the United States had placed an extremely restrictive embargo on Japan in the hopes of curbing Japan's aggression. Negotiations to solve their differences hadn't been going well. Rather than giving in to U.S. demands, the Japanese decided to launch a surprise attack against the United States in an attempt to destroy the United States' naval power even before an official announcement of war was given.

Pearl Harbor

At the start of World War II in 1939 the atomic bomb had not yet been invented. However, scientists discovered about that time that a powerful explosion might be possible by splitting an atom. This type of bomb could destroy large cities in a single blast and would change warfare forever.

Hiroshima

On August 6, 1945 an atomic bomb named Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. The explosion was huge, the city was destroyed, and tens of thousands of people were killed. The bomb was dropped by a plane named the Enola Gay which was piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbetts. The bomb itself was over 10 feet long and weighed around 10,000 pounds. A small parachute was on the bomb in order to slow its drop and allow the plane time to fly away from the blast zone.

Atomic Bomb

Nagasaki

Despite witnessing the terrible destruction of the bomb on Hiroshima, Emperor Hirohito and Japan still refused to surrender. Three days later, on August 9, 1945, another atomic bomb, nicknamed Fat Man, was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. Again the devastation was horrible.

Surrender

Six days after the bombing of Nagasaki, Emperor Hirohito and Japan surrendered to US forces. The Emperor announced this on the radio. It was the first time most Japanese had heard his voice.

Atomic Bomb

United States VERSUS Russia

Cold War

*The Yalta and Potsdam conferences, were Europe was carved up into two spheres of influence by Stalin and Roosevelt/Truman (and to lesser degree Churchill and to an even lesser degree Attlee). This is where the battle lines of the cold war were drawn.

*The Truman Doctrine a promise to help fight Communist uprisings by US President Harry Truman. More or less insuring a series of crisis and proxy wars.

*The Berlin Airlift, dropping in supplies by air to West Berlin after the border to East Germany was closed. The first real example of the Doctrine being put into action.

Cold War

*The Korean War the first proper armed conflict of the Cold War. Good one to do because the results of the war can still be seen today.

*The Cuban Missile Crisis, the absolute height of the Cold War it was the brink of nuclear disaster and WWIII. It was the turning point of the war from their there was a definite thaw of hostilities after that.

*The Fall of the Berlin Wall and the Revolutions of 1989, the end of the war.

Cold War

United NationsThey created the United Nations on October 24, 1945, the Allies made sure to improve the UN, especially by splitting the power among five major countries (United Kingdom, France, United States, China, and USSR) instead of just two or three, as in the League of Nations.

NEW SUPERPOWER: The United States

Effects of World Wars

Work with partnerComplete readingAnswer the following questions….

1. When was the Balkan Conflict?2. Who was fighting who?3. Is there any cultural conflict to aid in the

dispute?4. What role did the United Nations play?5. Describe 3 of the armies6. What role did NATO play?7. What is ethnic cleansing and who was

participating in it?

#23: Balkan Conflict