இனம் பன்னாட்டு இணையத் தமிாய்விதழ்...

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inam:International E_Journal of Tamil Studies UAN.TN03D0061112 ISSN : 2455-0531

November 2018, Issue:15 www.inamtamil.com
http://www.inamtamil.com/

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 2



2018 : 4 : 15 November 2018 Volume IV Issue 15

...

Pndiyas kingdom vastly introduced cause of authentic

grammars

. I 4

Social environment and occupation in Nattrinai

. I 12

Ancient religious rituals and performance through the marutaianka songs

. I 17

A comparative study of Thirukkural and

Sumathisadagam

. I 23

,

Mortar and pestle are still employed in parts of Tamil Classical Literature.

. I 40

Ainkurunuru Maruthathinai Paadalkalil Parathamai Olukkam Maruthal

. I 49

:

Interrogative Nouns: Grammarians Perspectives and Observations

. I 64

Inam ISSN : 2455 - 0531

UAN.TN03D0061112

An Internationally Refereed e_ Journal of Tamil Studies

. .

.. () . ()

. () . ()

. () . ()

. () . ()

. () . ()

. () . ()

. 09600370671

[email protected] www.inamtamil.com
http://www.inamtamil.com/mailto:[email protected]://www.inamtamil.com/

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- - -

( - - )

SOCIO-HISTORICAL BACK GROUND OF WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TRIBES IN THE LAND OF KING PANDIAS

[Mallar-Madaiyar-Madichiyar]

. I 75

, -

Divine characteristics of the animals, and the breach of the animals - a study based on animal ethics

I 86

Transformed the Jungle fowl into todays commercial chicken

. I 97

:

The thought of the personality by Viveganandar: A Philosophical Approach

I 101

In present society to the problems faced by the disappearance village art

. I 112

( )

Unspecific: The philosophy of Tamil is the Thirukkural Charity (Meaning and explanation) Parimelazhakar is

edited here

. I 120

UGC APPROVED JOURNAL NO: 64244

Mind-blowing roller

. I 69

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Pndiyas kingdom vastly introduced cause of authentic grammars

.

(.) - 641 028

9600370671, [email protected]

Abstract: Cra, Chla, Pndiya governance on Tamilnadu in 6000B.C. to fading kingdom governed. This governability priority give importance to classical literature and authentic grammars. Nevertheless Pndiyas kingdoms participated the most. The Pndiyas kingdom vastly introduced cause of authentic grammars. So, this article explain and idendifies the Pndiyas kingdom authentic grammars.

Keywords: Pndiyas kingdoms, authentic grammars, Cra, Chla, Pndiya governanc, ,

. , . . . .

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. (., 2003:191)

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, , (2003:98).

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SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND OCCUPATION IN NATTRINAI

. -

, - 18

[email protected]

Abstract: Nattrinai illustrates and depicts the way of life, habitat, family structure and different flourishing occupations during the sangam literature period. Moreover the songs emphasize the significance of childbirth and the joy it brings to the family especially the mother. Wide variety of words were employed to uniquely identify the habitat, occupations and industries of the era. Each song vividly describes the nuances of the profession and its intricacies. Among the professions which had detailed portrayals include washing, pottery, jewels, medicine, commerce and astrology.

Keywords: Nattrinai, habitat, occupations, ,

. . . .

. . , . . . . ,

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p (. 370:1-7)

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, (.26:4) (.40:1) (.271:3) . , , , . .

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(. 90:1-4)

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,22(-2012) https://keetru.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19830:2012-05-22-

11-20-05&catid=1475:2012&Itemid=718
http://www.inamtamil.com/https://keetru.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19830:2012-05-22-11-20-05&catid=1475:2012&Itemid=718https://keetru.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19830:2012-05-22-11-20-05&catid=1475:2012&Itemid=718

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(Ancient religious rituals and performance through the marutaianka songs)

.

, - 620 017. [email protected]

Abstract: The paper entitled as marutaianka palka kum paaiya vaipu muaika (ancient religious rituals and performance through the marutaianka songs) is dealing with the ancient religious rituals of the Tamil land, especially in the Pandya kingdom,

through the songs which were composed by the marutaianka as one of the classical bard of that time in the Tamil Nadu. In those days the people of Tamil land was worshiped both the hero stone and ghost and territorial gods as well. The people worship shows the rituals and beliefs of the Tamil land. The paper concluded the statement that the period of ancient times people who believes where the spirit of nature was in the rituals and performance were there.

Keywords: Ancient religious, marutaianka, ,

. . (35) (2007:29). . .

77 . 74 . .

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/

05 01 03 --

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. , (2015:44).

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(.297:6-11)

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., 2015, , , . ..(.)., 1956,

, , . , .(.)., 2007, , , . ., 2014, , , . , 2007, ,

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A comparative study of Thirukkural and Sumathisadagam

.

,

[email protected]

Abstract: The connection of antiquity had been appeared between the Thamizh, Telugu society. Thereby it also reflected in the field, literature. Hence, the present paper aims to point out the modification occur between the two different language literature Thirukkural and Sumathisadagam.

Keywords: Thamizh, Telugu, literature, , , ,

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..2 ..3 . ..31 . ( , :2003)

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1. .

2. .

, . .

. . . . . . . . . .

1-4 5-24 25-37 38 39-63 64-74

75 76 77-78 79-95 96-108 109-

115

116-

133

40

200 130

10 250

110 10 10 20 170 130 70 180

1. = 250 2. = 200 3. = 180 4. = 170 5. = 130 6. = 130 7. = 110 8. = 70 9. = 40 10. = 20 11. = 10 12. = 10 13. = 10 ------------ = 1330

- ,

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1 67 1

2 70 1

3 5,21,48,108 4

4 , 4,14,15,26,93 5

5 31,63 2

6 3,6,8,11,13,17,19,32,36,44,47,54,56,

66,68,69,71,73,74,86,97,103,105

23

7 29,34,41,58,85 5

8 50,51 2

9 7,23 2

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10 25,35,39,52,53,61,75,76,96 9

11 49 1

12 22 1

13 20,24,37,43,45,46,57,59,82, 106 10

14 1,9,10,60,65,72,91,94,98 9

15 2,62,80 3

16 27 1

17 33,64,77 3

18 38,78,79,81 4

19 40,42,55,83,100,101 6

20 16 1

21 28 1

22 84 1

23 107 1

24 87 1

25 88,89,90,92,95 5

26 102 1

27 99 1

28 12,18,30,104,109 5

= 108

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.

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. + 8. + 9. + 10. + 11. + 12. 13.

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appiccuvaaDu vaidyuDu eppuDu eDategaka paaRu eeRunu dvijuDun joppaDinayuura uNDumu coppaDakunnaTTi uura jorakumu sumati! (7)

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kasugaaya kaRaci cuucina masalaka tana vagarugaaka madhuram bagunaa? pasa kalagu yuvatu lunDaga pasi baalala ponduvaaDu paSuvura sumathi.

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uttamaguNamulu niicunaku etteRakununa kaluganeerpu eyyeDalan taa ettina karagi poosina ittaDi bangkaara magunee yilaloo sumati!

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Oka uuriki oka karaNam Oka tiirpariyaina gaaka nogi taRacu nainan Gakavikalu gaaka yuNDunee Sakalambunu koTTu vaDaka sahakamu sumathi (22)

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Iccunatee vidya raNamuna Joccunatee magatanambu sukaviisvarulan Meccunatee neerpu vaaduku Vaccunathee kiiDu summu vasudhanu sumatii! (11)

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5.

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Kanakapu simhaasanamuna Sunakamunu kuurcunNDa beTTi subha lagnamunan Donaraga paTTamu kaTTina venukaTi guNameela maanu vinaraa sumathi! (26)

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( : 2) karaNamu saadai yunnanu kari mada muDiginanu paamu karavaka yunnanu dhara teelu miiTakunnanu gara maruduga lekkagonaru gadaraa sumati ! (31)

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( : 10) ( ,

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daggaRa koNDemu seppeDu preggaDa palukulaku raaju priyuDai maRi taa neggu praja kaacarinjcuTa boggulakai kalpa taruvu boDucuTa sumati! (58)

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Dhiirulaku cuuyu meelathi Saarambagu naarikeeLa salilamu bhangkin Gauravamunu maNi miidaTa Bhuumi skhaavahamu nagunu bhuviloo sumatii ! (60)

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Paniceeyu neDala daasiyu Anubhavamuna rambha mantra yaaloocanalan Dana bhukthi yeDala talliyu Nana dana kulakaanta yuNDa naguraa sumatii! (70)

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10. +

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11. +

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Kamalamulu niiTa baasina Kamalaaptuni rasmi sooki kamalina bhankin Tamatama nelavulu tappina Tama mitrulee StrulauTa tadhyamu sumati ! (28)

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Uttama guNamulu niicuna ketteRaguna Kaluga neercu neyyeDalandaa ettinjci kaRagi poosina ittaDi bangaara magunee ilaloo sumati ! (14)

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( : 10) (, , , , ).

appiccuvaaDu vaidyuDu eppuDu edategaka paaRu eeRunu dvijuDun joppaDina yuuranunDumu coppaDanaTTi yuura jorakumu sumathi! (7)

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alluni manjci tanambunu gollani saahithyavidya koomalinijamun bolluna danjcina biyyamu tellani kaakulu leevu teliyura sumatii (8)

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1. 2. 3. 4.

. :

1.

. . -

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( : 3)

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Vinadagu nevvaru ceppina Vinainantanee veega paDaka vivarimpadagun Kani kalla nijamu talisina manujuDepoo niitiparuDu mahiloo sumati!

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mee lenjcani maalinyuni

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maalalu agasaalavaani mangali hitugaa neelina narapati raajyamu neela galasi poovu gaani negadu sumati ! (104)

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3.

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( : 9) Putroosahamu tanDriki putruDu janminjcinapuDe puTTadu, janulaa putruni kanukoni pogaDaga putrootsaahamu naaDu pondura sumatii ! (108)

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.

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4.

. -

( :10) kasugaaya kaRaci cuucina masalaka tanavagaru madhuram bagunaa? vasa galugu yuvatu lunDaga pasibaalala pondh vaaDu pasuvura sumathi ! (32)

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. .

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Tatra mitra na vastavyam yatranaasti catushTayam RuNadaataa ca vaidyaSca Srootriya: sujalaanadii (hitoo : 116)

(! , , , - !)

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appiccuvaaDu, vaidyuDu eppuDu eDategaka paaRuneeRunu dvijuDun joppaDina yuura yuNDumu joppaDakunnaTTi yuura jorakumu sumati! (7)

, .

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, -

Kaaryeeshu mantri, karaNeeshu daasi, ruupeeshu lakshmii:, Kshamayaa dharitri, sneeheeshu maataa, sayaneeshu veSyaa satkarmanaarii (hitoopadeesam) , , , , , . -

paniceeyuneDa daasiyu anubhavamuna rambha mantri yaaloocanalan tanabhukthi yeDala talliyu nana tanakula kaanta yuNa naguraa sumatii (70)

( , , , .)

, , .

-

dhanamu leeni vaanini veeSya, tanaraleeni reeni prajalunu, palamulu leeniceTlu pakshulunu, tinna yiNTanee paakulaaDa kuNDa atithulu veegameviDuvavalayu (2-16)

( , , , .)

-

akkaraku raani cuTTamu mrokkina varamiini veelpu, mooharamuna taa nekkina baarani kurramu grakkuna viDuvanhka valayu gadaraa sumathii ! (2)

.

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 39



. . , , , (.., 1993:57). .

, , .., , . 6 - , 2014

, , 2003, , . () .., 2002, , , . ..,1993, , ,

, . ., 2005, , , .

..., 1981(..), , , . ., 2013, , , .

, 2010(..), , , .

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, Mortar and pestle are still employed in parts of Tamil Classical Literature

.

, [email protected]

Abstract: The peripheral world around us is meaningful for our everyday life with numerous innumerable contaminations with us. This means that there is no "world without material". How is this article written under the title "Furnace and Crane in Sangam Literature"? How are the fiberglass factories produced? What are they used for? That is to understand both the old and the living people's lives.

Keywords: Sangam Literature, fiberglass factories, ,

. . , , . , , . . , , , , . . ? .

. . . (Material Culture), (Nomaterial Culture) .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 41



. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . .

. . . .

. , . . . , , . , . , . .

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(.152,3-4) (.43,3-4, .232,4, .13-6) . ,

(.53,54) .

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(.43,2-4). .

, , . , ,

.

(68)

.

() . . , , .

, (.29,1-2), (.328,3), (.393,5-11), (.43.1-7),(.159,15-19), (.41.1-4), (.41.20-21), (.95,97,100), , (.393.3.8-11), (.238.1-3), (.94-97), (.40.3-7), (.333.9-13), (.286-288 ), (373), (.20,21), , , , , , , ,

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. , , , . (.342) , ( ) (.141.16-21), (.393.8,10-16), (.286.1-5), (.238.1-3), (.41.1-4), , (.40.3-7) .

( ) , - - (.185-187). , (.224,13-14) , (.324,12)

, , (.225-227) , .

, , , ( , 2000:151.) . . . ( - ) . , .

() (.193-195), () (.399,1-3), (.24,19),(.398,10-16), (.40,3-7), (.41,20-21), (.286,1-5),

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 44



( ) (.238,1-3), (.95) . .

, , , .

(69)

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( )

(.141.17-18) . . . .

. , 76 . .

. ( 399). (.57) . (.285)

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 45



. .

(.126) . . , . . , , . . . (.238,1-4).

(.29,1-2), (.225-227). () (.141,14-21).

(.393,5-11), , , (.394,2-7).

(, )

(.286-288) (.373,2-4) , . (.120-121) .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 46



(.377,1-4). (.91). .

, (.399,1-2). , , , (.393,7). , , (.215,1)

, , (.333,9-13) (.4,4-5) . (.237,11-14). (.190-195). (.473-479) . , , . (.327,2) , , , (.335,4).

, (.384,4),

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, () (.392,10) , , , (.30,22), , , ( ) (.193).

(.286,1-5) (.63,12-13), (.29,1-2) (.238,1-4).

(.89,1-2)

.

(.342)

. .

(.40,4-5)

,

(.41,1-4)

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 48



. 42 . 43 . .

(.216-217).

. . . . . . .

., 1999 (..), , ,

. 1994, , , .

. 2001, , , . , , 2003 (..), , ,

. ., 2000, ,

, . . (..), 1999, (

) , . , 2008, , - ,

, .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 49



Ainkurunuru Maruthathinai Paadalkalil Parathamai Olukkam Maruthal .

, , ,

- 12. 99441 59409, [email protected]

Abstract: Ainkuruguru was edited by Koodalur kilar, which contain 500 limerick poems of 100 each, and each 100 millets are sub - divided into 10 headings which contain 10 songs each. In which Maruthathinai has writer by Oorampokiyar which contain 100 songs. Heroine wrote this poem by angry on her Hero who went for Adultey () which was accepted by the society but not by her. later her friend () make compermise on her Oodal (; fit of sulkiness and between lover or husband and wife), At first she pull her hero outside the gate and then she open the gate by his love on him, And then Kaamakilathi () a women kept for satisfying a mens sexual desires who is called a concubine), even she is also a Parathamai, she select only one hero and make a life with him. She is much similer to Kaamakilathi; and make more love on her hero, and if her hero is searching for another Parathai. She wont accept and make angry on him, Even she is belong to Parathai, women by her mind and Oodal (). In conclusion, this songs meaning, and concept tell about the especially of Oodal. And mentioned the characters and personality of Parathamai pirithal, Kamakkilathi, Oodal, opening and clossing the gate of maruthathinai. Also we can understand the complete meaning of the above by using the grammer of Tholkkappiyam.

Keywords: Tholkkappiyam, pirithal, Kamakkilathi, Oodal, , ,

, , . . . , , , , , , , , , . .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 50



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: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 53



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(.40)

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. . . . .

, .12 . 13 .. . . , .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 55



(.76)

(.79)

, , .

(.61)

.

(.77)

(.75)

. , . .

(.61)

. .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 56



. .

. . . . . . .

(.32)

. ,

, ( ) . 14 .. . . , . . .

(.38)

(.39)

(.40)

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 57



.

. . .

(.81)

. . . , . . . . . , .

. ; . ; . , , . , , . ,

(.87)

. , , ,

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 58



(.86)

. , :

(.89) (.90)

.

, . (.90) . , , , , .

(.90)

.

(.88)

, . .

(.87) . , . . . , . . . . .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 59



. . (.61). . (.54, 15). (.57). (.67) (.88). . . .

; . . , , , . 15 . . . , , , , . . , , , , , , , . , . , , . , , , .

(.96)

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 60



. .

. , . 16 . , ,17 18 . . . . , . . , . . , , .

. , , . , . . , , . , , , 19 .

. . . (.18), (.22), (.30) . .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 61



62 . 3 . . (.42), (.42) . . .

, (.99) . . . , (.99) , . . (.72), (.73), (.74), (.22), (.23), (.59), (.100) .

, .

. . , , .

. , . .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 62



. , . .

, . . .

1. ., , .178.

2. . , , .907.

3. . ., .267.

4. . ., .185.

5. . ., .156.

6. . , , .92.

7. . .94.

8. (..), , .191.

9. . 144.

10. . , , .35.

11. . ., .149.

12. . , , .12.

13. .. , , . 234.

14. .. (..), , .60.

15. . ., .191.

16. . ., .237.

17. . ., . 99.

18. . ., .109.

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 63



19. . ., .145.

., , , , - 21, 1994.

., , , , - 21, 1983.

(. .), , , - 1, 1969.

, . (. .), , 130, , , 1943.

. ., , , - 18, 2007. , . , , , 1980.

., , , 11/, .., , , 1995.

.., , , 53, , - 1, . . 2005.

.. (. .), , , - 6, . .1961.

(. .), , , , - 18, 2000.

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 64



: Interrogative Nouns: Grammarians Perspectives and Observations

. , , , - 5

[email protected]

Abstract: This Paper attempts to examine the perspectives and observations of

Tamil traditional grammarians in regard to the Interrogative Nouns and to trace on the

development of their views Chronologically, i.e. right from Tolkappiyam The Modern Literary corpus will also be used to find out whether there are any Significant development are noticeable in the use of Interrogative Nouns.

Keywords: Tolkappiyam, Literary corpus, ,

, .

. ,

1. 2. 3. ( )

(.162-165), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (), (), (), (, ), , , , , , , (, ), (, ), (), , , (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (, ), (, ), ; (), (, ), () .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 65



(..162)

(..167)

(.167-171), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (), (), ( ), ( ) .

(.174-179), , , , , , , , , . ,

- , , ,

- , , ,

- , , ,

- ,

(.55), , , , , , , , , , (.57).

, , , (.276), , , (.277), , (.278), , , (.279), , ,

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 66



(.280) .

(..177), , , , , , , , , (..180-181) .

(..65), , , .

(...102)

(..39), , .

, , (..477), , (..479), , (..481), (.482) . (.54), .

(.86,88), , . , .

(...97-100), , , , , , , , , . , , , , . , .

Who what .. (2003:53).

, , (..,2003:223).

? .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 67



? , ? ? ? ?

, , , , , , , , . , , , , , , . , , , . , , , .

., (..), 2003, , , . , (..), 2008, , , . , 1939, , , . , 1971, - , , .

(..), 1963, - , , .

. (..), 1990, - , , .

., 1998, , , , .

., 2005, , , , .

, 1956, , , .

..(..), 1990, , , .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 68



..(..), 1973, , , . (..), 1991, - , ... ,

. ..(..&..),1975, , ,

, . ., 1996, , , ,

. , (..), 1972, , ,

.

.., 1978(), , , , .

(..)1997, - , , .

, 1990, , . , , .

, 1991, , , .

, 2006, , , . .., 1996, , , . (..), 2008, , ,

. (..), 1962, - , ,

. ..(.., ..), 1991, ,

, . ., 1991, , , . .., 2003, , , .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 69



Mind-blowing roller

. ,

, - 629 701


Abstract: All the folk songs are depending their situations only. But Thallattu is recites relationship in mother and the child. Its analysis so city psychology. In this article describes what happens and role of Thallattu in the society.

Keywords: Thallattu, folk songs, ,

. , . , , . , . , , . . , , , , , , .

. , . . . , .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 70



. "" . . . , , , , . . , , . , , , , . . .

. . , , , . .

, , . . , , . , , , . .

. .

.

. ,

. ,

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 71



- ! !

!

, ,

! ! ! !

.

, . . , , , . .

-

.

1. 2. 3.

.

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 72



1. .

. ,

- .....

.

....

2. .

. ,

.....

. .

.

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 73



. . . . .

3. , , .

. . . . . . . .....

.

. . . , .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 74



. .

., 2014 , , , . .., 2009, ,

, .

., 2014, , , . ., 2009, ,

, .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 75



( - - )

SOCIO-HISTORICAL BACK GROUND OF WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TRIBES IN THE LAND OF KING PANDIAS [Mallar-Madaiyar-Madichiyar]

.

...

- 641 014. [email protected]

Abstract: The invention of this paper is to reveal that there are so much of Tribes in Indian subcontinent. In which the Main and Ancient Tribes are Mallar (pallar) and Madaiyar. The Author has got a strong evidence to prove that they were Master's in Agriculture and water resource Management. Recently found one Archaeological evidence in kizadi [sivagangai] excavation. Read the word by Archaeologist `Madaichi is written on the earthen pots in the Thamizhi [Tamil Brami] method. The some evidences are Palaeography and the inscriptions on the earthen wares, inscriptions, literature etc. which are found historically.

Keywords: Mallar, pallar, Madaichi, Thamizhi, Brami, inscriptions, , ,

. .

. . [], , , , , , , , , , , . , . .

- - -

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 76



. , .

-

. ` . . .

[...66-67].

[.725-726].

. ` .

[.18.]

, . .. .

[..1].

.

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 77



[. 283].

.

[.25].

.

[.33].

[-] .

[.118]

. .

[.24]

. 42.5 [..,., 2013:92].

.

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 78



[.7:1-4] [ :63-64]

.

[.523]

; ; ; ; .

[.64].

, .

[.34].

, .

[.26-28].

[- ] .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 79



[.1384-87]

.

` . .

- [.35]

4 ; 6 ; 12 . 2 .

.

[..620-650] . ` . ` ..815-862 . [., 2010:75,80].

` . , [ , 2010: 04].

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 80



...2 ` [.., ., 2013:92].

..1302- . . ` (.., 2016:42). ` ` . ` [ ] . ` .. ` ` . ` .

[] ` [.,2014:39]. ` ` . . . ` .

-

, , , . .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 81



. . ... . . , . . . . , . . . . . . . . .

` . . . ` ` . , [ - ] ` . ` [..100 - ...1000] . . .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 82



. .

1. .

2. .

. , , .

. . (.455) .

-.455; .260-3; .31-1,34-5,364-8; .94-1, 371-1, 400-1, 432-3; .13-21, 38-10, 43-25,63-13,66-14,81-34,90-44; .106-10; .21-13,144-14,185-7,189-5,227-11,316-7; .10-9,77-9,78-7,79-5,84-5,89-6,399-20. -.383-4; .81-5,251-3,399-20. -.262; .455; .3-41,3-90; .219-2,254-3 [.,2007 :536].

, , . .

[.388].

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 83



` ` ` . . . . . . . . . ` . ` . [syllable] . ` . [], [] [] . .

. ` `[] . / .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 84



. . . . ; ; ; ; [], . .

..,& ., , , , 2013.

., , , , 1989.

., : , , -6, -21, ,2008.

, [] , , , 1993.

., , , , 2010.

, , , -6, -21, , 2008.

.., , , -6, -21, , 2008.

.., , , , 2016.

, , , , 2011. ..(..),

, , , 1931. ., - ,

[ , , ... ], , , 2014.

.., - , , , 2009. ., , , , 2011. ., , , , 2001.

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 85



, , , ,2010.

., ?, , , 2017

., , , , 2010.

..., , , , 2007. ., , ,

, 1967.

.., ., , , 2017. .,

, [ : - 4], , , 2016.

, [ ], [], ... , , 2012.

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 86



, -

Divine characteristics of the animals, and the breach of the animals - a study based on animal ethics

BA (Hons) Eastern University, Sri Lanka. MA, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.

[email protected]

Abstract: Religions help people to improve their life. It shows good path to everyone. Animals are very important in religious life. Human beings use animals for their benefits since ancient period. Therefore animals face many suffers and hurting. They face many threats from human such as Killing, persecution, chase and demolish issues. Animal rights ethics had been emerged to explain about these phenomena. Hinduism praises animals are sacred. Hinduism claims many concepts related with devotional recognition such as provide status to animal sand production for animals. Hinduism prohibits animal sacrifice until now. There are very close relationship between human beings and animals in Christianity. Many animal rights violation happen when people use animal for hunting and sacrifices proposes. Buddhism focus about animal production and which has the opposite

concept of sacrifices. Dampapatham strongly condemn the killing creatures. But it is not prohibited eating meats, so which is criticize by others as big defect of Dhampatham. Islam provides priority for loving animals. It considers essential water, air, trees, Plants, animals and insects as a one family. It focuses entire global creative are created by Allah. So we have to love everything in this world. Allah loves people who love all creatures. But it also kill animals. So this study revealed above concepts related with animal abuses.

Keywords: Dampapatham, Killing, persecution, chase, , ,

. . , . . , .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 87



. . , , . , . . . . , , , , ,;

.

; . . .

. , , , . . . , . , . . . , . .

Alan Dershowitz, laurence . . 1635, 1641, 1654 . , , , . . (1824) . 1970

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 88



. 1975, 1976 , . . , .

.

.

. , , , , , , , , , , .

,

. ,

, . .

,

. .

. , ,

, ; . , , .

. . ?

.

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 89



. , - (), .

, . - , - , -, - .

.

. . . , , , . . . .

. , , , , , , , , , , , ,

.

. .

- , , . , .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 90



- , . (17-37) ()

.

- , , ,

() .

. - .

. . . , . . .

.

.

: , .

.

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 91



: , , , ,

. . . , , .

: , . , .

.

. . , , . , . , ! ,

. . .

. .

. , , ,

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.

.

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 92



. . , , , , ,

, .

, , , .

. . , , .

.

.. .

! . ,

? ( ) .

.

( , , , , , , , , , ) . , , . . , . , , .

, . .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 93



- 500, 500, 500 , 500 .

. . , , , , . , , . .

. (, , ) , , , . . , . .

. , , , .

.

- . - , , , , , .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 94



, .

.

. , , , , , .

.

- . . .

. .

. .

, , , , . , , , . .

. - , , , , .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 95



- . , .

. , . , , . .

.

. .

. .

, . : .

. - .

, .

.

, .

.. 1988, , ( - 05, 06, 07), , .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 96



(..), 1988, , ( - 05, 06, 07, 10), , .

..., 2006, ( ), -12, .

.., 2008, , , .

., 2008, , .

., 2012, , .

., 2003, , -11, .

., 1987, , ( 02, 04, 12), , .

.., 2010, , , , .

Burgh W.G.De., 1937, To wards a Religious Philosophy , Macdonald& Evance, London

John, H.Hick, 1990, Philosophy of Religion, Prentice Hall Foundation of Philosophy Series in India.

Masih Y., 1971, Introduction to Religious Philosophy Motial Banarsddass Publishers, Delhi.

William James, 1902, The varieties of Religious Experience the modern Library, New York.

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 97



Transformed the Jungle fowl into todays commercial chicken

.

- 614 625, . +91-95660-82013, [email protected]

Abstract: This article is about how the use of high end intensive technologies transformed the Jungle fowl into todays commercial chicken in the name of food production wilfully ignoring the ethical aspects. It insists the change of method of chicken production towards ethical way.

Keywords: Transformed, Jungle fowl, commercial chicken, ,

(Commercial chicken)? (Desi chicken), ? (Broiler chicken), (Layer chicken) ? ? ? , ?

. ! , . , , .

, . ( !) - . . , , , . . , , , .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 98



, , .

, , , . , , , , . . ! .

, ? . (Epigenetic Memory) . . , . , . - .

? ? ? 600o (Debeaking). ! ! .

. ? ? ? ! . ! , . ! .

1 , 1 , 1 . 1 . ! . ? ? ?

, , . . . ? ?

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 99



? - . , , . , ! 80 350 . ? ? ! ! 20 72 .

? ? . .

, , , (Incubator) 21 ! , . ! (Maternal Instinct), , , , ! ? ! , , , ? , . . - .

, , . . , , , , . , , , . . ( , . ).

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 100



, , , . 365 350 72 , 2 2 6 .

(Jungle fowl) , !. (Ethics) () .

. ! . , , , , ? ? ! . ?

Lewis Stevens, 1991, Genetics and Evolution of the Domestic Fowl, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 101



:

The thought of the personality by Viveganandar: A Philosophical Approach

, . [email protected]

Abstract: The thoughts of Swami Viveganandar are not standing out only the limitations how builds the personality of a man to the Barath nation but also the whole world. The western philosophers who interprets the personality reveal different theories on personality. Sexual motives by Sigmund Freud, myths by Karl Yunk and society by Eric Ericson are referred those motivations of one personality. Differed from those motivations, Swami Viveganandar emphasized in unique way of Indian tradition that one personality determined by the spiritual power. He said that energy, soul, willpower, intellectual power and spiritual power are the five influencing one personality however spiritual power is determined everything. He brought the spiritual power which one intrapsychic is raising a man to the Indian domestic. He emphasises each have to raise the divine energy and nature. Further, thoughts and actions of a man is decided his present and the future when that thoughts and actions are to be right, clear and strong, the man become a good personality which makes a path for the society and country with good personality. Thoughts for personality by Viveganandar which were not included the time frame of the vision of prophecy are essential needed for the contemporary world. The study explains, today, the thoughts of Veveganadar are seeding to free from the misunderstanding on the personality and to get the attention of the real best personality. The data for the study gathered from secondary sources which had done using analytical method, comparative method and critical method. Keywords: Personality, Spiritual power, Willpower, Energy, Intellectual strength

. . , , . .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 102



, , , , . . .

, . , . , , , , , , . . , . , , , .

: , , , , .

1.

. . , ? . . . , , , ,

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 103



.

2.

1. .

2. .

3. .

3.

. , , , . , , , . , , . , . , , , . . . , . ? ? ? .

4. ,

, , . , ,

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 104



, . . , , , , .

5.

5.1

, . . , , . , , . . . . . , . , . .

, , , ? ? ? . . , , . . ,

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 105



. . .

1. 2. 3. . 4. 5.

, , , , . . , . , , . , , . , .

5.2

. , . . , .

.

. , , , . .

!

. .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 106



. , , .

5.3

. ; . ; . . , , . , , . . . . . . , . . . .

. .

5.4

. . . , . , . , .

.

. .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 107



. . .

1. . 2. .

, , , , , , . , , , , , . . . .

. .

. . . . . . . .

. , .

,

. , , .

5.5 .

, . . .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 108



. .

. . . . . . . .

. . . . , , , .

. . . , , . , , , . . . . . .

5.6

, , , . , . , , . , , , , , .

; ; ; ,

. ,

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 109



. . , . , , , . ? . . .

. . .

1. 2. 3. 4.

, .

5.7

. , , . . . , , , , , , . . , , . . , , , , , , .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 110



.

, , , , , , . . . . . . .

6.

, , , , . . . , . , , , , , , . . , . . , , , , , , . , .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 111



Akbar, 2012, What is real personality by Swami Vivekananda http://wingswebsolutions.in/health-care/what-is-real-personality-by-swami-vivekananda/

Avinashalingam, T.S, 1974 Educational philosophy of Swami Vivekananda, Coimbatore: Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya.

Burke M.L., 1984, Swami Vivekananda in the West: new discoveries, 6 vols. Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama

Hossain M., 1980, Swami Vivekanandas philosophy of education, Calcutta: Ratna Prakashan

homepage.psy.utexas.edu - Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/class/Psy301/.../301lecture.ppt

Maheshwari V.K., 2011, Vivekananda - Concept of Personality, India http://www.vkmaheshwari.com/WP/?p=114 Sheeba Sreenivasan, 2009, Personality Development According to Swami

Vivekananda http://voices.yahoo.com/personality-development-according-swami-vivekananda

4170203.html?cat=7

Toyne M., (1983) Involved in mankind: the life and message of Vivekananda, Bourne End, United

.. (1949) , ; .

.., . (1999) , ; . (1984) , ; . , 1997, ,

. , 1963, 7, ;

.
http://www.inamtamil.com/http://voices.yahoo.com/personality-development-according-swami-vivekananda

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 112



In present society to the problems faced by the disappearance village art

. B.A.(Hons) ,

, .


Abstract: The Folk arts in early period had a major role in disseminating good relations between people and helped to live in humanitarian manner. Since those arts are rare nowadays, this Research aims to study the Ethical problems which have arisen in the society due to reducing those arts. This research uses historical, descriptive analysis and comparative approaches.

Keywords: disappearance, village art, , ,

. . . , , .

, , , . . , .

, , , . .

, , , , , ,

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 113



, , , .

. . . .

. . , , . . , .

. , , . . .

.

. .

.

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 114



, , , , .

, , , , , , , , ,

. .

, . , , , , , , . . . . .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 115



.

. . . . . . .

. , , ? . , .

, , . .

. . .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 116



. , , .

. , , . , .

. , , , . .

, . .

..

. . , . . .

. , , , , .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 117



, , , , .

. . .

..

. , , , .

. . , , , ; . , , , .

, . , . .

, .

, . , ,

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 118



, , . . .

. , , . , , . . .

, . . , . . .

, , , , , . . .

. , , . . .

, . . . . .

. . . . . ,

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 119



. .

. , . , , . . , .

, , , , , , , , , .

, , , , .

, .

., 2002, , , . , 2003, , ,

, , .

., 2001 , - .

., (...), ( )

., 2006,

, .

., 1998, , .

, 1993, .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 120



( )

Unspecific: The philosophy of Tamil is the Thirukkural Charity (Meaning and

explanation) Parimelazhakar is edited here

. 2, ,

, . [email protected]

Abstract: The philosophy of Tamil is the Thirukkural Charity (Meaning and explanation) Paramalakar is edited here the text editor book written by Visweswaran. He disapproving the concept of text editor parimelazhakar. Moreover, reputedly illustrated the present concept.

Keywords: Thirukkural, Unspecific, philosophy, , , , , ,

: ( ) : , : 2016 ( ) : Notion Press, Old No.38, New No.6, McNichols Road, Chetpet, Chennai - 600 031 : xiii + 303 : 350.

***

, , .

, , , . . .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 121



. . . . 1812 . 1838 , , . 250 .

. . . . , , . 150- .

. .. .

. .

. , . , .

: ISSN : 2455-0531 2018 :4 :15 122


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