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VOCATIONAL TRAiNING PRESENTATION
ON COMMUNICATION, NAVIGATION &
SURVEILLANCE AT
AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA (A.A.I)
PRESENTED BY:-
R.GAYATRI
CONTENTSHISTORY
FUNCTIONS OF AIR PORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA
DEPARTMENTS UNDER A.A.I.
COMMUNICATION
NAVIGATION
SURVEILLANCE
A.T.M
FUTURE PLANS OF A.A.I
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HISTORYThe Airports Authority of India (AAI) wasFormed on 1st April 1995 by merging theInternational Airports Authority of Indiaand the National Airports Authority with aview to accelerate the integrateddevelopment, expansion and modernizationat the airports in the country conforming tointernational standards.
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ABOUT AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA
AAI at various airports handled about 5 lakhs aircraft movements (4 lakhs domestic and 1 lakh international);40 million passengers (26 million domestic and 14 million international) and 9 lakh tonnes of cargo (3 lakh domestic and 6 lakh international).
125 AIRPORTS 11 INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS 81 DOMESTIC AIRPORTS 25 CIVIL ENCLAVES 4
MAIN FUNCTION OF AAI
CNS -COMMUNICATION,NAVIGATION,SURVIELLANCE
AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
MAINTAINENCE OF PASSENGER TERMINALS
CARGO TERMINAL AT INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC
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DEPARTMENTS UNDER A.A.I.
THERE ARE 2 DEPARTMETS UNDER A.A.I. CNS DEPTTCNS STANDS FOR COMMUNICATION ,
NAVIGATION AND SURVEILLANCE ATM DEPTTATM STANDS FOR AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
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COMMUNICATION (V.H.F )
COMMUMNICATION IS DONE THROUGH VHF(VERY HIGH FREQUENCY RANGE)
THE RANGE OF VHF IS 30MHZ TO 300 MHZ
IT IS A TYPE OF LINE OF SIGHT COMMUNICATION
MODULATION TECHNIQUE USED IS AMPLITUDE MODULATION
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VHF(VERY HIGH FREQUENCY RANGE)
3 BASIC COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR V.H.F COMMUNICATION ARE :
1. TRANSMITTER
2. RECEIVER
3. ANTENNAS
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TRANSMITTER:-
VHF TRANSMITTER HAVE 2 TRASMITTERS IN A SINGLE EQUIPMENT .
THE TRANSMITTER USED IS DT100. 1ST TRANSMITTER IS ON AIR WHILE OTHER IS ON
STANDBY . 2ND TRANMITTER IS ON HOT STANDBY i.e. THE
TRANSMITTER IS IN ON STATE BUT NOT IN USE.
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RECEIVER:-
V.H.F RECEIVER ALSO HAVE 2 RECEIVERS IN A SINGLE EQUIPMENT .
THE RECEIVER USED IS DR100. 1ST RECEIVER IS ON AIR WHILE 2ND IS ON HOT STANDBY
FOR USE IN EMERGENCY.
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ANTENNAS:- 2 TYPE OF ANTENNAS ARE USED : 1. DIRECTIVE ANTENNA:- A directional antenna or beam antenna is an antenna
which radiates or receives greater power in specific directions allowing for increased performance and reduced interference from unwanted sources.
2. OMNI-DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA:- An omnidirectional antenna is a class of antenna which
radiates radio wave power uniformly in all directions
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SOME IMPORTANT FACTS
ALLOTED FREQUENCY FOR V.H.F IS 108-156 MHZ .
OUT OF IT A.A.I OPERATES IN 117.975 MHZ – 136 MHZ .
EACH AIRPORT HAS ITS DESIGNATED FREQUENCY .
FOR EXAMPLE-RAIPUR AIRPORT OPERATES AT FREQUENCY 124.75 MHZ AND ALTERNATE FREQUENCY IS 124.3.
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NAVIGATIONAL AIDS Navigation is the 'ART' of
determining the position of an aircraft over earth's surface and guiding its progress from one place to another.
To accomplish this ART, some sort of 'aids' are required by the PILOTS.
In the twentieth century, electronics also entered in the Aviation field. Direction finders and other navigational aids enabled the navigators to obtain 'Fixes' using electronic aids only. Hence such aids became more and more popular and came into extensive use.
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NAVIGATIONAL AIDS USED IN AAI
ILS: Instrument Landing System DME: Distance Measuring Equipment NDB: Non Directional Bearing VOR: VHF Omni Range
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The function of an ILS is to provide the PILOT or AUTOPILOT of a landing aircraft with the guidance to and along the surface of the runway.
This guidance must be of very high integrity to ensure that each landing has a very high probability of success.
The basic philosophy of ILS is that ground installations, located in the vicinity of the runway, transmit coded signals in such a manner that pilot is given information indicating position of the aircraft with respect to correct approach path.
DISTANCE MEASURING INSTRUMENT (D.M.E)
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Aircraft use DME to determine their distance
from a land-based transponder
VHF OMNI RANGEVOR EQUIPMENT PROVIDE
ABSOLUTE BEARING
TO AN AIRCRAFT
with respect to
MAGNETIC NORTH
Irrespective of
AIRCRAFT HEADING
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SURVEILLANCEThe act of monitoring the behavior activities, or other changing information.
Surveillance may be applied to observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment.
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RADAR
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Radars are employed throughout the world for the purpose of safely controlling air traffic en-route and in the vicinity of airports.
Aircraft as well as vehicular traffic at large airports are monitored by means of high-resolution radar.
Radar has also been used to guide aircraft to a safe landing in bad weather.
SECURITY EQUIPMENT
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HAND HELD METAL DETECTOR.
DOOR FRAME METAL DETECTOR.
X-RAY BAGGAGE INSPECTION SYSTEM.
EXPLOSIVE TRACE DETECTOR.
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GAGAN PROJECT :-
GAGAN PROJECT IS USED FOR SATELLITE BASED SYSTEM IN NAVIGATION.
NAVIGATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AIRCRAFT WILL BE RECEIVED FROM GPS.
AAI IS IMPLEMENTING THIS PROJECT IN COLLABORATION WITH INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION (ISRO).
FUTURE PLANS