AbstractsISA BARCELONA

8/8/2019 AbstractsISA BARCELONA

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ABSTRACTS in the alphabetical order

Aksel, Bahar, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Turkey,[email protected]

Transformation from Coffee Houses to Caf Culture in Istanbul and its

effects in urban spacesWith its growing population and economy Istanbul is dealing with lots of changes in every scale. New developing urban areas, infrastructureinvestments, physical planning strategies reshape the city according to theneeds of the century. On the other hand, Istanbul tries to have a highlighted aplace in global scale among other competing cities. Global consumer cultureand international investments affect the citys culture as well as the physicalurban structure. These changes in upper scales affect everyday life and publicspaces immediately. One of the most remarkable changes happened in coffeeconsuming places. Istanbul is a city that has a coffee house culture for centuries. Coffee houses are the public centers of neighborhoods and alsosocializing places especially for men since Ottoman times. With globalconsuming trends and international coffee chains the culture and also thereflections to the street life has changed. Cafs started to develop, coffeechains defined a new trend, brought a new decoration approach to the storesand a marketing strategy to this old product. New style of coffee consumptioncreates a new approach to urban social life for different groups, change streetscene and urban interfaces and defined new gathering places in the city.

Alarcn, Amado, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Spain,[email protected] Immigration and the linguistic division of labor in an industrial cluster.Romanian migration in the cluster of furniture at Montsia, Catalunya(Catalunya)

This communication presents the results of a research analyzing linguistic andcultural integration of Romanians in an industrial cluster in Catalonia. Fieldworkwas undertaken in the comarca of Montsia (semi rural location in southernCatalonia). The companies of furniture there form a cluster of specialized,complementary and labour intensive companies. They co-operate and

complement each other in the productive cycle. Furthermore, they areembedded and linked with each other and with the local institutions byrelationships of proximity and familiarity that reinforce trust in the localproductive system. Competiveness of cluster has been achieved through therecruitment of cheap labour force. The first source of labour force was theinternal Spanish migration in the 1960s and 1970s, coming from other parts of Spain. Blue-collar workers were Spanish speaking while businessmen andmanagers were Catalan-speaking. Towards the late 90s, a high increase ondemand was triggered by the housing expansion triggering the need of findingnew labour market niches. Those recruited were Romanian immigrants.Nowadays, this group represents up to a 20% of total workers. These workersstrictly limited to executing simple instructions under the supervision of localmanagers. Communication is highly asymmetric, because employees tend to be
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silent. Managers feel that there is no need for complex communicative skills inorder to do this kind of job. The fact of not speaking Spanish or Catalam is not abarrier for hiring them. There is a widespread perception that these workers,coming from a former socialist country, constitute a docile and industriouslabour force. Romanians have not been able to get a promotion towards

managerial positions in any of the companies. The semi-rural location and thestrictly national dimension of the companies have contributed to isolate thiscluster from international production and distribution networks. Even the arrivalof workers with more language skills, such as Romanians being able to speakEnglish and German, has not increased the international dimension andconnection of local managers. However, competiveness is centered presently ina foreign labour force (Romanians) that accepts low work and employmentstandards. Spanish and Catalan are learnt not because of the requirements of production or job but as assets for integration in the local community.

Alpan, Ahmetcan, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Turkey,[email protected]:

The influence of cultural and historical heritage on the creation of newurban cultures in Istanbul

In the world context which is defined by the neo-liberal economic system, thecities rule the world. Especially the world cities and the global cities- as definedby Sassen- are the propellent power of the world economy. Istanbul, as themost important economical and cultural center in Turkey and one of mostimportant centers in its region, intends to compete as a global and a world city,in international scales. To reach this goal, new projects must be developed thatmeets historical character and heritage with international ideas and needs. As acity which is going to be the European capital of culture in 2010, culturalindustries and creative economies have crucial importance for Istanbul. Thispaper aims to examine four architectural/urban transformation projects whichhave taken place in Istanbul in the last decade, in the context of creativeeconomies, cultural industries and urban competition:1- Tophane-i Amire Building, which used to function as a factory that cannons

were manufactured for the Ottoman Empire, and now being used by Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University as an exhibition center since 1998.

2- SantralIstanbul, which used to function as a power plant, and now beig usedas the main campus of Istanbul Bilgi University since 2007.3- Istanbul Modern, which used to function as a bonded warehouse, and now

being used as a modern arts museum since 2005.4- Old Galata Bridge, which is a historical bridge which was built in 1845, and

now hosting the Istanbul Design Week once a year since 2006.

Appleyard, Bruce AICP, and Lucrezia Miranda, University of California-Berkeley, USA,[email protected], [email protected]

Sustainability by Design: Coordinating Planning and Politics Between theNeighborhoods and the Region
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Addressing common shortcomings of research and practice, our session willpresent best planning and urban design strategies that employ the dual perspective necessary for achieving a comprehensive set of sustainabilityobjectives, for the economy, equity and the environment. Applyingurban design

to include both the aesthetic form and functional systems needed for effectiveplanning decisions at both the regional and neighborhood scales, our presentations and joint paper will highlight both the theoretical and practicalframeworks useful in guiding researchers and professionals through the politicsof working with a diverse range of key stakeholders to effectively achieve globalstrategies for sustainability. As well as drawing on the best academic researchon the urban design/sustainability connection, this session and paper willhighlight best practices and lessons learned from Portland, Seattle, SanFrancisco and Vancouver, etc, and apply them specifically to Barcelonasplanning and political context. By focusing on real-world successes with anemphasis on effective and instructive communicative planning publicparticipation processes, this sessions attendees will better understand theopportunities and obstacles to effectively understanding and achieving acomprehensive set of sustainability objectives through the coordination of planning and politics between the neighborhoods and the region.

ARAJO, Juliana, [email protected], Federal University of theAmazon Brazil; Center for Research and Study of the Cities in the BrazilianAmazon (NEPECAB); Jos Aldemir de OLIVEIRA, Federal University of theAmazon Brazil; Center for Research and Study of the Cities in the BrazilianAmazon (NEPECAB)

Where are the banks? Cities excluded of the financial system.

Social economic policy in Brazil is based strongly in direct government foundingfor the low-income population: elderly, children in school age, special necessity,ethical groups, forest extractivism communities and many other. This grant isdistributed through the financial system. In Brazil, specially in the Amazonregion, the geographical distribution of the banking system is uneven. Theconsequences of this uneven distribution for the city dynamic and in this casespecially for the low income portion of the population and ethical groups, such

as the large native Brazilians living in their traditional manner in the Amazon, isimportant for the urban network configuration. With this problematic in mindthree types of financial corporations where chosen for analysis: bank agencies,lotteries (that in Brazil exercise some banking functions), and private creditagencies. An urban network along the cities located in hydroviaria channel of the river Solimes-Amazonas, in the Amazon State, was drawn. Theconsequences of this uneven geographical distribution of the financial system isthe result of the empirical study and presented in this text.

Arbaci, Sonia, University College London, UK,[email protected]


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MIGRANTS URBAN INSERTION AND NEW (?) HOUSING REGIMES INSOUTHERN EUROPE: NEOLIBERALISM AND THE RISE AND FALL OFTHE RING BUOY EFFECT

Immigration act as an analyser of the new [and old] territorial processes (Tosi,

2000: 1). Since the making of post-war urbanisation, Southern-European citieshave constantly entailed a distinctive territorial correlation between migrantsinsertion processes and housing regimes. Partly explored within the post-war urbanisation processes, this correlation is currently eclipsed in theunderstanding of past and present immigrants urban insertion and of segregation issues. Neighbourhood and city level analyses have beeneffectively unravelling complex urban processes and the diverse grainedpatterns of ethnic residential segregation across Southern European cities.Nonetheless, housing regimes and other contextual macro-processes remainoverlooked; their mechanisms of socio-spatial differentiation and particularlytheir impacts on migrants urban insertion are misinterpreted, often whencontext-indiscriminate USA-based references and overgeneralisations fromglobalisation discourses are employed. This presentation seeks to investigatethe abovementioned territorial correlation, thus contributing to a more adequateinterpretative framework for the Southern European cases and for policy-making purposes. It examines the socio-urban impact of housing regimesbefore/after the liberation of the housing market (mid-80s), by presenting oneparticular pattern of ethnic urban segregation - called inverted ring buoy effectgiven its geographic connotation and here identified for the first time. Thispattern is distinctive only of Southern European cities and is/was visible onthose metropolises that, despite the process of ethnic peripheralisation, see theabsence of immigrants settlement in those former working-class first peripheralbelts developed during the rural-urban migratory inflows. (Lisbon MA is theexception that confirms the pattern.) This socio-ethnic mismatch exemplifieshow present changes in housing production/provision and of access to land yet strengthening traditional Southern-European tenure-policies - havegenerated a distinctive and additional mechanism of socio-spatial differentiation,and have made it more difficult for current international migrants to pursue aninclusive housing progression similar to previous rural-urban migrants.

Arapoglou, Vassilis P, George Kandylis and Ion Sayas, University of Crete,

Greece, [email protected] New landscapes of urban inequalities in Athens: Multiethnic exposure toaffluence or deprivation?

This paper will explore if the segregation of migrants is related to thelandscapes of urban inequalities that have been taking shape in Athens sincethe early 1990s. New findings on concentration of housing deprivation of migrants are discussed in the light of recent research indicating that segregationof migrants in Athens is weak. Our main concern in empirical terms is to exploreif concentration of the main ethnic groups, which compose the migrant

population, take place within areas of housing deprivation or neighbor to areasof housing affluence. To this end, we present key indices of concentration,
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centralization, isolation and exposure to various levels of housing deprivationand affluence (after Jargowsky, Massey & Denton), at census tract level.Preliminary findings indicate a paradox, namely that whilst migrants isolation islimited they are exposed to both centralized and decentralized forms of housingdeprivation. Although this paradox is typical of contemporary processes of

socio-spatial fragmentation we discuss the spatial intersections of class andethnic, local and global factors that give shape to specific forms of housingdeprivation in Athens.

Asiyanbola, Raimi Abidemi, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria,[email protected] [email protected].

Urban ethno-communal conflicts and social identity in Nigeria: anempirical study.

In the past four decades, Nigeria has experienced various dangerous scenes of incessant dysfunctional conflicts. Although there have been various studies onAfrican peace and conflict, however, when assessed jointly, the publications arerelatively weak in terms of systematically providing empirical evidence tosubstantiate its claims. Social identity refers to that part of the self-conceptwhich derives from ones knowledge of ones membership of a social group (or groups), together with the value and emotional significance attached to thatmembership. As such it is derived from the belonging to or affiliation to precisecategories such as ethnic groups with which individuals identify themselves andwhich generate a group of internal attributions and external attributions thatdefine the make up of this identity. As observed in the literature, social identitiesare neither merely subjective self-images, nor fixed objective entities. They areinter-subjective processes and are constantly being re-constructed, contestedand negotiated through discourses and practices. Observation from theliterature shows that one of the major important elements in ethnic conflicts issocio/cultural identity. In the paper the interest is to examine socio/culturalidentity issues in urban-ethno communal conflicts in Nigeria using Ife-Modakekecrisis as a case study. This is with a view to have a better understanding of thechallenges facing local urban residents in Nigeria. Among the issues that will beexamined are the construction of social identity, the role people played in theconflict and in the community as a reflection of ethnic attachment and inter-

personal relationship among the people of the two communities. The data usedin the study is from a larger survey carried out by the author in Ife andModakeke communities between July/August, 2006.

Astor, Avraham, University of Michigan, USA,[email protected].

Multicultural Celebration or Unwelcome Intrusion: The Politics of MosqueConstruction in Spain

Since 2000, there have been 25 cases of opposition to mosque construction in

Spain. 18 of these cases have occurred in Catalunya, while no more than twohave occurred in any other region. Moreover, despite having Spains largest


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Muslim population, Catalunya does not host a single purpose-built mosque.This paper explains why there has been such strong opposition to mosqueconstruction in Catalunya relative to other regions with similarly large Muslimpopulations. Data is analyzed from four in-depth case studies of recentattempts to open mosques in Spain. Two of the cases concern instances of

opposition to the establishment of mosques in the province of Barcelona,Catalunya, and the other two concern the absence of opposition to the openingof mosques in the province of Mlaga, Andaluca. In explaining the variation inoutcomes, emphasis is placed on the degree of compatibility between mosquesand extant urban initiatives, as well as the role of regional nationalisms inshaping local understandings of belonging. Attention is also given to therelation of mosque disputes to more general debates over Spains Catholicheritage and the extent to which it should remain privileged in the countrys lawsand built environment. Finally, specific consideration is devoted to howdiscourses surrounding mosque construction have shifted with key events, suchas September 11 th and the Madrid bombings. This study contributes to our understanding of the processes shaping the integration of Muslims in Spain,and in Europe more generally. It also contributes to broader debatesconcerning immigrant incorporation, ethnic conflict, and the production of symbolic boundaries in urban contexts.

Barbon, Angela Luppi, University So Francisco (Itatiba/Brazil) and COHABSo Paulo (Habitational Company of So Paulo), Brazil,[email protected]

SO PAULO, BRAZIL POLITICS FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSES AND THE

FACE OF THE CITYSo Paulo is the biggest Brazils city and like other great cities of the world hasmany urban problems. Understanding housing use is an important way tounderstand how the cities space is organized. This paper pretends to analyzeSo Paulo housing market and how it influences urban organization. Thisanalysis includes the relations between formal and informal market, its actorsand influences on spatial changes. In So Paulo, it is possible to identify thetransformation in the public politics to produce affordable houses moving fromthe exclusive public production in large scale to a crescent participation of private sector. It is important also to know the time line of public housing politics

and the space production regulatory systems to discuss how the changes canaffect the face of the city. More than the suburban sprawling and fragmentationevident effects in urban configuration, we are looking for how much this couldbe the result of different politics and relations between the public and privateactors in diverse conditions.

de Barros, Marfisa Cysneiros, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco,Brazil,[email protected]

Some considerations on urban policies, democracy and governance inBrazil


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In the last 20 or so years several developing countries have experienced animpressive process of decentralization and municipalization of public policieswhich have resulted in redefining the policy terms and institutional practices of the municipalities. In Brazil, the seeking for new institutional arrangementstowards a more effective relationship between government, market and society,

led to the drawing up of sustainable development projects having themunicipality as a reference unit, conceived as a variable form of empowermentof social energies in the construction of democratic governance. In many cities,local participatory urban development councils were implemented in view of itspotential to enhance the delivery of services and to reduce corruption andclientelism, among other benefits. The innovative role sometimes taken on bylocal governments and local-level actors has resulted in different outcomeswhich still need to be satisfactorily investigated and interpreted. However, someempirical situations apparently indicate that the idea of participation ingovernment can go far beyond the institutional goals creating spaces for public-spirit discussion and collective action.

Bernt, Matthias, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ,Germany, [email protected]

Neither Normalisation, nor Decay: Large-scale housing estates in EasternGermany

Research on housing estates in Europe is often characterized by an East-West-Divide: Whereas estates in Western Europe are often seen as places of

problems and decay, estates in Eastern Europe are rather described normalneighbourhoods. The situation in Eastern Germany is somewhat different fromboth pictures. Firstly, population decline has become a big issue here, leadingto vacancies and large-scale-demolitions. As most of the demolitions are carriedout in prefab housing estates, the future of this type of housing has becomemore uncertain, than ever before. Secondly, due to developments inherited fromthe socialist era, as well as the transformation of the housing sector after reunification, specific trajectories can be found that can neither be described bythe western model of decay, nor by the eastern normalisation. Using datafrom a long term survey (1979-2004) in Leipzig-Grnau I give an insight intomain trends of socio-spatial differentiation and discuss how inherited problems

and new issues interact, leading to a very specific situation.

Bhaskar, Manu ([email protected]) University of Kerda, India

Urban Restructuring in the Developing Countries and EmergingInequalities: State-led gentrification-The case of India.

The paper aims to explore the urbanization pattern in the developing countriessince the last sixty years and show how the national development policies wasstrongly influenced by the western concept of modernization. Since the 1990surbanization in the developing countries is associated with the transformation of urban structure resulting from foreign direct investment (FDI) made by


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transnational companies or created and managed by external forces. Thecentral idea is that the cities are the products of the decisions made by thecapitalist class and political elites. The effect of globalization is another important characteristic of Asian urbanization. Globalization has led to directforeign investment in Asian cities along with the development of a more

aggressive business sector at the national level. This has resulted in theestablishment of corporate sector industries, increased tourism and a rapidincrease in the middle classes. Consequently, there is a demand for strategically located land for industrial, commercial and middle class residentialpurposes. As a result, poor communities are evicted from land that they occupyin or near the city centers and are being relocated formally and informally toland in the city fringes from the places of work, livelihood, education, recreationand from better health facilities. As a result of these changes there has been anincrease in real estate development. This has led to the strengthening of thenexus between politicians, bureaucrats and developers due to which thenational and cultural heritage and assets are in the process of being wiped out.The paper through case studies from different parts of India would substantiatethe arguments to show how state-led gentrification is uprooting people of their livelihood, leading to increasing inequalities between social groups and thepotential for tension on conflict between groups. Therefore tackling of theseproblems will test the ingenuity of mankind to the utmost and may yet determinethe capacity for sustained global development in the future.

Bodnar, Judit, Central European University,[email protected]

The Art of Public Space and the Politics of Presence

Public space is a delicate art of presences and absences, uses, non-uses andmisuses. This chemistry emerges in the interplay of design, rules, regulationsand practices. The contemporary politics of public space seems to revolvearound the removal of the metics and misfits of neoliberal restructuring: peoplewho have no power but their presence. The paper is about how this unfolds inand around the public spaces of globalizing cities, and examines how thereinsertion of those removed may hold out the possibility of an alternativepolitics. The discussion relies on examples of public art that scrutinize thenotion of the public, criticize and overwrite dominant contemporary practices of

public space.

Brand, Anna Livia, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA,[email protected]

Rebuilding New Orleans: Tensions and Contradictions in Creating aSustainable City

For many urbanists, post-Katrina New Orleans presents an opportunity to re-think the city along sustainable lines. Many neighborhoods are currently

pursuing green designs to replace housing lost to flood waters. Although manyof these neighborhoods have undertaken participatory processes to reach these


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sustainability goals, they have often ignored the deeper potential for economicand social sustainability, a goal that is aligned not only with the merger of material and non-material sustainability but with a call for justice as well. Theopportunity in New Orleans is to move beyond surface-level sustainability andattempt to understand how sustainability might align with social justice.

However, this approach calls for re-thinking political action, participation, andsocio-historical ties to place. It requires understanding the tensions betweendistributive and transformative practices in re-making the urban fabric and inaddressing critical environmental issues. This paper critically examines thesustainability practices that have emerged in New Orleans and theorizes thepotential for deeper sustainability that includes social and economic justice.Using qualitative research and historical analysis of the citys social andenvironmental settlement, this paper proposes that a deeply sustainable citycalls for the alignment of social, economic, cultural, and environmental justicewith material and non-material sustainability practices.

Breda-Vzquez, Isabel Breda-Vzquez, Carlos Oliveira and Rita Guimares(University of Porto, PORTUGAL)[email protected], [email protected]&[email protected]

Creativity and urban dynamics: analysing social innovations in PortoMetropolitan Area

Creativity and innovation are now main issues in the literature dedicated tourban transformations, according to which cities that want to attract talentedpeople and flourish economically need to generate a favourable atmosphere(Florida, 2002; Scott, 2006). However, these approaches are often criticized for promoting a limited vision of human progress. They tend to rely almostexclusively on market economy principles, neglecting other dimensions of urbandevelopment such as social issues, which are particularly important in polarizedcontexts, where market forces are frequently unable to provide basic needs(Moulaert and Nussbaumer, 2005). Social innovation is presented as analternative concept, since it aims to integrate social, cultural and environmentalobjectives in the creative cities agenda through community-centred agency.Nevertheless, theoretical debates about social innovation used to be focused ontransformations of society as a whole (Moulaertet al , 2005). They barely

highlight territorial-specific aspects such as interrelationships between differenturban functions related with creative activities and the role of urban fabric as anincubator of social innovation (Musterd and Deurloo, 2006). By analysingsocially innovative case studies, the paper aims to bring out these issues inPorto Metropolitan Area, an agglomeration that over the last two decadesexperienced considerable transformations in different domains of urbancreativeness.

aldarovi, Ognjen, [email protected] ,Jana arini, [email protected] , University of Zagreb, Croatia
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Inevitability of gentrification - Sociological aspects of urban regenerationin the transitional society: the case of Croatia

Urban regeneration is usually defined as structural and functional change of acertain part of the city powered by individual (corporate) or state initiatives.Many times the question what to regenerate, where and what, why, how andwhat to regenerate, remains unanswered. We will address the problems of thesudden appearance of new actors in urban politics and their growinginfluences on urban rehabilitation. The role of these corporate actors is moreand more felt due to their financial power and their connections with decision-making levels of city and state administration. The recent proposedrehabilitation of one city downtown block in Zagreb will be a topic of our case-study analysis. The citizens protested in several occasions against the plannedproject, yet the mayor and city administration decided to continue with theproject that will end in the formation of the dual-city structures. The paper willconnect current situations with the transitional society and its current social andpolitical organization patterns. Major problem concern the sudden and deepchange - new urban actors replaced formerly existing social ownership andstate interests. It is clear that the overall social and political system is not yetprepared to cope with the new contradictions and that institutional changes areto be applied.

Cardoso, Ricardo ([email protected]) University of Porto, Portugal

State-led rehabilitation in Portugal and the right to the (branded) city

Established by the central government in 2004, Urban Rehabilitation Societies(SRUs) have become a fundamental tool for state-led intervention in the manydecaying urban areas across Portugal. Aimed at rehabilitating so-called criticalareas of intervention, these government-owned companies hold a range of responsibilities which shape new forms of urban restructuring in the country.After elaborating an intervention strategy translating a specific urban vision for the defined areas they work in its implementation through real estate mediationor direct initiative. This paper argues that such rehabilitation procedures areexplicitly contributing for the gentrification of Portuguese city centres and willultimately contribute for uneven development across the board.Focusing primarily on Portos case, where living downtown is like wearingbranded clothes, the aim of this paper is to depict the specificities of such toolsof intervention while evaluating their patterns of restructuring against aformulation of the Just City which envisions an urban society allowing for human flourishing across class and ethnical divides through the specification of amaterial right to the city . Therefore, this paper also seeks to contribute for developing new theories in the intersection between state-led gentrificationresearch and social justice studies.

do Carmo, Renato Miguel, University of Lisbon, Portugal,[email protected]

Suburbanism as a way of staying alive: reinventing the rural


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This paper will focus the social transformations that took place in thePortuguese rural space. In particular, we will study a village (called Albernoa) inthe region of Alentejo (South of Portugal), as a way to characterize how thisplace has suffered a deep structural social change. In fact, as resemblance of

what is happened with the major rural areas in the region, this village hassuffered a progressive ageing, and a continuous depopulation. Thesetendencies occurred simultaneously with the reducing of several agriculturaloccupations and activities. At the same time we identify some dynamicindicators connected with the increasing of spatial mobility (sprawl ) and thegradual integration of urban habits. Although these modern social factors arenot strong enough to invert the tendency towards a progressive demographicdepression, we can say that urbanisation has swept through the village at sucha rate, that it has led the village further and further away from its traditionalagriculture system. Albernoa is now in the crossroads between suburbanisationand marginalisation. To analyse these changes we will use a multidimensionalperspective of the concept of social space, based on the theoretical approachpresented by H. Lefebvre, who refers that the space should not be interpretedas a mere receptacle of the social relationships. On the contrary, the socialspace is produced daily in concrete places having for base different kinds of practices and social representations. The distinction, and consequentarticulation, between the notions of space and of place will help us to look atthis reality as a complex gear from which therural and the urban do not ceaseto reinvent themselves.

Carr, Aitor Hernandez, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain,[email protected]

Urban spaces, anti-immigrant attitudes and their political effects

Migrants that over the last decades have arrived to European countries havehad an intense relationship with cities. Cities are generally the place where theysettle and live in, and, migrants public image is in many occasions intimatelyassociated to certain urban areas and phenomena. In this sense, migrants haveplayed a key role in shaping the current dynamics of European cities and thesehave influenced the social place migrants occupy in society. Following this idea,

the papers objective is to explore the role of urban spaces in the anti-immigrantattitudes present in European societies, focusing its attention in those cases inwhich there is a political party that benefits from, and stirs, the negative imageof the immigrant population. The paper will present the literature that hasadopted urban spaces as a factor to take into consideration in the explanationof these anti-immigration attitudes and their political expressions. It will alsoexplore the role of urban spaces in comprehending the recent success achievedby an anti-immigrant political party in a number of mid-sized cities of theSpanish autonomous region of Catalonia.


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elik, zlem, Orta Dou Teknik niverstesi, Turkey,[email protected], and Ibrahim Gndogdu, Orta Dou Teknikniverstesi, Turkey,[email protected]

NEOLIBERAL URBAN SPACE: A SOCIO-SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN

REGENERATION IN ISTANBULAs it is seen in many cities, the city of Istanbul has experienced fundamentalspatial restructuring through gentrification, large scaled urban investments andurban regeneration projects since 2000s when Turkey has begun to be involvedin globalization process in a more intense manner. In this context the city of Istanbul has appeared as both a loci and foci of this process. During this period,in 2004, Istanbul Metropolitan Planning and Urban Design Center (IMP)founded by central and local authorities in an unconventional manner, emergedas a new urban governance model. And a group of experts are assigned toprepare the metropolitan plans of the city in IMP. The main planning studies of IMP, 1/100.000 and 1/25.000 scaled plans, and its urban regeneration projectsaim to create a particular urban space in which new middle classes and touristsare invited back to the city center, while disadvantaged groups are excludedand evicted to move to the peripheries of the city. Our paper will argue that sucha fundamental spatial restructuring process is an integral part of the neoliberalpolicies that has been taken a further step, as the country has been muchinvolved in global flows of capital, especially after her candidacy for the EUmembership.

Connolly, Priscilla, Universidad Autnoma Metropoltana-Azcapotzalco, MxicoDF. [email protected] , [email protected]

The importance of Context and Scale for Measuring and EvaluatingResidential Segregation. Examples from Mexico City

The paper will take up the idea outlined in the session proposal that seriousanalysis of sociospatial issues need to take into account contextualconsiderations, but also suggests that the scale is an important issue whenlooking at residential segregation. Questions of context will include thefollowing considerations: a) The general socio-economic, class and ethnic

composition of the citys population; b) the housing markets corresponding tothis population composition; c) differential access to benefits offered bytransport networks; d) urban policies and differential relations between thepopulation and the government ( modos de gestin ). These contextual factorsaffecting urban segregation work at different scales: at an interurban level,between municipalities or neighbourhoods, between buildings in the sameneighbourhood and even within a single household. Similarly, the effects of theresulting residential segregation need to be evaluated taking into account thesedifferent scales of operation. These ideas will be illustrated with reference toMexico City, based on an on-going research project into urban restructuring andmobilities.
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Coppola, Eva Martin and Alberto Martin Perez, Consejo Superior deInvestigaciones Cientficas, Spain,[email protected] [email protected]:

Are `ethnic conflicts what they seem to be? Construction of ethnicity in

the context of urban transformation: the district of Tetuan Madrid.This paper aims to analyze the influence of urban structures and city-planninginterventions in social conflicts. These conflicts are sometimes interpreted asethnic because of the over-representation of immigrant population in manyurban areas. In these cases, social and political interventions usually focus onimmigrants instead of on other structural problems. So that, as a result of aprocess of ethnicity-building, immigration tends to become a social problem.But, are these conflicts really ethnic? Is there any alternative explanation? Wewill present the results of a case study: the district of Tetun, in the city of Madrid. Tetun has the second largest immigrant population rate in the city. Sothat, the opposition between immigrants and Spanish inhabitants usually raisesethnicity as an easy explanation to conflicts. However, there may be other issues disregarded by the public agenda. We will concentrate on three of them:generational differences (between young people and older adults), social issues(urban segregation mainly reflecting social segregation instead of ethnicity) andthe need of city-planning interventions (the fight against bad housing).

Costa, Marc Mart i Costa (Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona, SPAIN)Marc Pradel i Miquel (Universitat de Barcelona, SPAIN)

Urban creativity in the spaces of capital: the case Poblenou in Barcelona

During the nineties, Poblenou, the former industrial district of Barcelona,became a place that attracted artists. The closure of most of the industrialfactories due to the structural crisis of the seventies, as well as thedelocalization process to the periphery of Barcelona, led to the availability of affordable, large spaces in the district. Without a clear city project, theuncertainty about the future of the district generated a dynamic of affordablespaces. Former factories were hired by artists, who created new culture basedactivities in the district. The city saw the emergence of a cluster of creativity

without the promotion of the municipality. On the contrary, from 2000 onwards,the city council started a new plan to transform the district. The 22@bcn planwas aimed at attracting knowledge industries to the district in hopes of making acluster of technological industries in Poblenou. The underlying strategy of theplan has collided with the already creative tenure of the neighbourhood. Thetransformation of the district has meant the extinction of some of the creativespaces and artistic workshops. As in many other cities, the artistic movement of Poblenou was the first step towards the gentrification of the neighbourhood.Nevertheless, the artistic movement has been the pivotal axis on which thesocial resistance against a profound gentrification of the district has taken place.In that sense, the artists have been a n important actor in the local movement

opposed to the transformation of the neighbourhood. As a first step, the articleseeks to revise the paradigm on the urban growth based on knowledge and


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creativity and how that paradigm takes shape in the urban policies of Barcelona.Secondly, we want to stress the relevance of the artists in the urbantransformation process of Poblenou by studying the development of threedifferent artistic workshops of Poblenou. We will study the cases of La Makabra(a squattered centre), Hangar (a rented space ownership of the city council) and

La Escocesa (a rented space ownership of a private landlord). Finally, we putinto relation the relationship between artists, private developers and policies atthe local level to explain the sending-off, the resistance and institutionalizationof the artists.

Deffner, Alex, University of Thessaly (UTH), Greece,[email protected]

Popular culture as an element of modernization in Greece: the urbantemporal-spatial dimension

Popular culture has a plurality of meanings which are manifested in itsinterrelationship with high culture, in the dualistic conception of culture, and inthe role of subcultures. Popular culture can be considered, especially after postmodernism, as an alternative form of culture, and, from the moment thatcultural change is connected with modernization, popular culture can also beconsidered as an element of modernization. The fields where this attribute isexamined are the following: the relation between modernization and tradition,the relation between consumption and production, the impact of two of the mostpopular arts (music and cinema). The focus is on the urban temporal-spatialdimension of popular culture as it is manifested in the global-localinterrelationship, the differentiated use of public spaces, and the blurring of urban genres (including tourism). The aforementioned elaborations areexamined in the case of Greece, especially in the manifestation of theconstruction of cultural identity in public time-space.

DOTTAVIANO, M. CAMILA L., Universidade So Francisco Itatiba/SP [email protected] ; SRGIO L. QUAGLIA SILVA - Universidade SoFrancisco Itatiba/S-, [email protected]

Urban Regulation and Housing: Challenge in the Brazilian Urban Context

The self-constructed housing in Brazil is a tradition even on big urban centers.The peripheral neighborhoods are usually irregular settlements, withenvironmental problems and with almost no infra-structure and small presenceof the municipality. In 2001 the Estatuto das Cidades (City Statute 2001)established new possibilities for land regulation and regularization as analternative for solving part of the housing and urban problems. This paper analyzes a small town at east part of the State of So Paulo: Amparo. Since2005, the municipality has been using the tools implemented by the City Statutein one specific neighborhood: Jaguari. The project pretends to improve the landand urban regularization, with the implementation of infra-structure services and

land tenure in the Jaguari neighborhood. The Special Zone of Social Interest(ZEIS) is one of the tools used in Jaguari. The ZEIS has proven to be an


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efficient instrument to guarantee land tenure, thus avoiding removals. To theresident population, in general, the land regularization is more important thanthe implementation of infra-structure services. The Jaguari neighborhood urbanand land regularization project is a contemporary example of the newchallenges for architects, planners and public administrators in urban context of

the developing countries.

DOvidio, Marianna (University of Milano-Bicocca, ITALY) [email protected]

The field of fashion production in Milan: past and present

The paper addresses the field of creativity in an urban environment, exploringthe case of the fashion industry in Milan, a sector which undoubtedly improvesthe economic wealth of the city. Nevertheless, more and more fashion operatorsand critics are today lamenting that the fashion industry is living a period of crisis, not (yet) from an economic point of view, but regarding creativity andinnovation. In order to clarify the nexus amongst fashion industry and thecreativity of the city, we will look at the history of the fashion industry in Milan, inparticular at a moment when the synergy between creativity and fashionseemed to be at its top. In the late Sixties, Milan viewed a strong push toinnovation and the art; institutions played a very important role in spurringcreativity and art to diffuse within the folds of the urban life. What were thesocial conditions which allowed such situation to occur? In order to perform our investigation we will use Bourdieus concept of field of cultural production , whichenables us to reconstruct the frame of actors, institutions, networks, elementscharacterising a given artistic, creative or cultural field. We will apply the frameboth to the Creative Milan of the Sixties and to the contemporary Milan, in order to understand the differences between the two situations and in particular inorder to clarify the relations between cultural productions and institutions. It willbe demonstrated that the potential development for the city of the fashionindustry is put in danger by the looseness of the relations of institutions with thecreative sectors in general and with the fashion industry in particular.

Ferm, Jessica (Bartlett School of Planning, UK)

Emerging policies for the provision of affordable workspace in London appear atface value to be addressing issues of marginalisation of small, cost-sensitivebusinesses. This paper will argue, however, that the concept of affordableworkspace is being misused in order to support the growth of creative industries- now one of Londons most important exports - thereby helping to sustain itsimage as a dynamic world city and supporting its economic growth. At thepossible expense of other UK or European cities. This is a problem for tworeasons. First, economic growth is not equivocally a good thing; as well asgenerating wealth, the intensifying pressure of property prices and rents createsinsecurity for low- and middle-income households, exacerbating poverty.

Second, the provision of affordable workspace interferes with the naturalprocess of regeneration and gentrification which can be catalysed by creative


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industries and could benefit other cities. Supporting this assertion is theargument that there is not a shortage of affordable workspace in the UK overall,the problem is that it is not provided in places (mostly London) where there is ademand. So, what could we do to stimulate a more decentralised developmentof creative industries in the UK?

Ferro, Anna, University of Milano, Italy,[email protected]

Framing the concept of transnational entrepreneurship in Italy.

Economic transnationalism and transnational entrepreneurship represent arelevant facet of international migrations, referring both to economic integrationpatterns and outlines in destination countries (particularly related to theentrepreneurial occurrence), but also to the potentials of (social, family, formal,informal, economic) networks in shaping major processes (ie.internationalization of trade, increased import-export relationships, interfirmrelationships and global market connections, economic and social developmentin origin countries etc.). There is no exclusive explanation why migrants becometransnational entrepreneurs as it relates to a compound of different factors:labour market opportunities (or segregation and blocked-up mobility),ethnic/local/mixed market demand and chances, international marketknowledge and differentials, previous entrepreneurial experiences, social,cultural and human cultural availability etc. Certainly, the entrepreneurialpathway and the transnational attribute are interlinked to individual experiences,but also to structural conditions. With this paper we reason about thephenomenon of migrant transnational entrepreneurship considering a) thereason behind: why migrant entrepreneurs opt for a transnational choice(verifying the importance of previous entrepreneurial activities, the existence of family-business networks, the globalization of markets and products etc). b) Thetwo-sided development effect, in the origin and destination country. To whatextent entrepreneurship responds to labour market mobility/segregation andeconomic integration in the destination country? and also, to what extent theorigin country is directly involved in productive/trading/transnational activities?.Overall, we intend to verify to what extent is the migrant activity a spin off for larger internationalization processes?. c) What can we infer from transnationalentrepreneurship at large, in terms of migrant community linkages, cultural and

social exchanges, individual transnational behaviours, formal and informalroutes, institutional programs versus everyday practices etc.This paper intends to consider the Italian case, relying on different sources of information that could help framing the discussion. In particular, fieldwork isbased on an analysis of transnational activities in Milan (in depth interviews to amixed range of migrant entrepreneurs in the city), on the analysis of a dataset of transnational entrepreneurial proposals/projects from Senegalese andGhanaians in Italy (applying to the IOM-MIDA Migration for Development inAfrica Project), and from Andean migrants (responding to a Cespi-SIDTransnational Entrepreneurship Support Program).The contribute of this paper stands upon the lack of studies on transnational

entrepreneurship in Italy, the possibility to access different and original sources


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of information and the relevance of this socio-economic feature both inrelationship to integration processes and transnational linkages.

Frey, Oliver ( University of technology Vienna, AUSTRIA)

[email protected] The A malgamated C ity: Creative Clusters and Loft-Working in Vienna

The scientific community of urban research increasingly supports the idea thatglobalisation has increased the importance of (urban) places such as districtsand public places for the self-organisation of both knowledge-based servicesociety and civil society (glocalization). Even if virtual communication isopening up completely new worlds of information exchange andcommunication, the local/regional level based on face-to-face contactsbecomes more and more important for anchoring economic, cultural, and socialprocesses. This paper will suggest some of the ways in which places anddistricts at inner city sites are contributing to a renaissance of the European Cityby way of their role as `vibrant places, both through processes of gentrificationprocesses and as being a location of creative industries. As Lpple (2001,2003) has clearly shown, at successful creative places there is a tight relationbetween new weak ties of civil society supporting new forms of socialcohesion. The variety of creative industries ranging from successful marketpresence networks to fluid cultures/scenes of events and recreation hasdeveloped creative clusters in inner city districts. Moreover, economicallysuccessful creative industries need the amalgamization of these sticky placesto build these creative clusters and networks. Cities have always had placeswhere the production and consumption of cultural goods happens. In thiscontext, creativity and knowledge have played an outstanding role for thedevelopment of new ideas and goods. During recent years, scientific literaturehas again addressed these creative characteristics: terms such as CreativeCity (Landry 2000), Cultural Industries (Wynne 1992), Milieux Innovateur(Aydalot 1986), or Creative Class (Florida 2002) are examples of combiningcreativity and urban life. The common diagnosis is that cities and particularlyurban inner-city districts provide specific conditions for creative innovation in thecontext of knowledge and culture production and that there are new kinds of social community in the sense of newly regulating ways of work and life. Thispotential of cities in the context of a knowledge society might contribute to arenaissance of the city (Lpple 2003). This paper is based on an empiricalstudy and PhD project investigating this relationship and describing four placesof cultural production in contemporary Vienna. Using qualitative field researchmethods (30 biographical-narrative interviews with an approach to spatialmapping by Georgaphical Information Systems) this study will examine four traditional industrial places in terms of their spatial cluster of cultural workers.The analysis of the four places of loft working (see Zukin 1988) (a former screws factory, a former chocolate factory, a former milk center and old tradecenters) will identify the three following resources:"space-resources ", that is thespatial-local work environment,"we-resource s", i.e. networks and social capital,

as well as "I-resources", that is the knowledge and creative abilities of participants. The concept of an "amalgamated city" aims at a mixture of different


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places to form the urban spatial space of use, perception, and living. The"amalgamated city" names a) the melting into one of places (physically-materially) and the social (at least for the moment) and b) theinterdependencies of places due to actors moving around among them (alsoinformation, images, streams of money and goods). For the use of regulations

and the setting of norms, making flexibility and diversity possible for spatialdevelopment means keeping open every possible future of use anddevelopment, city development not clearly determining how every possiblefuture should be regulated. In order of pushing through the various concepts of so-cial and cultural life in an amalgamated city, city development must alsoinvent tools of "non-planning". "Planning the non-planning" allows more flexiblereactions to social and group-specific or also individual change of needs andsituations in life. The actors within the "crea-tive milieus" may themselvesdesign, organize, and utilize the thus resulting leeways - sup-ported by tools of "non-planning".

Fujita, Kuniko and Richard Child Hill, Michigan State University, [email protected], [email protected]

Tokyos Urban Redevelopment Projects and the Post-Developmental State

There is a near consensus in the Japanese urban literature that Tokyosneoliberal turn in housing and land use policies is causing growing spatialinequality among the citys communities. By contrast, this paper interpretschanges in Tokyos urban redevelopment policiesseemingly state-ledgentrificationand the effects on Tokyoites as part of the Japanesegovernments regime shift from a developmentalist to a post-developmentaliststate. The paper focuses upon three change dimensions: (1) ideological,institutional, and political changes in the developmental state over the past twodecades; (2) changes in urban redevelopment policies and the forces andactors involved in policy making in the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG);and (3) changes in TMGs relations with the central government connected tothe political devolution reform program. Then we evaluate the effects of currenturban redevelopment projects on Tokyos communities, compared to pastexperiences. We argue that Tokyos urban redevelopment projects embody astate led mobilization strategy to counteract economic stagnation in which the

state continues to facilitate and guide private sector investment in desireddirections. The paper concludes that Tokyos redevelopment projects indicatethe Japanese states ongoing regime shift toward a post-developmental state.

Ganau, Joan, Universitat de Lleida, Spain, [email protected]

Subsidized museums and private arts. Different approaches fromBarcelona and Philadelphia.

Arts and culture have placed a primordial role in the urban renaissance of many

cities. These two factors have contributed to the urban renewal of their centresand helped to attract both tourists and creative class. Barcelona and


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Philadelphia are both second cities and share an industrial past and animportant crisis in the 70s. They have also followed quite similar paths in their attempts to adapt to a new post-industrial period. Culture has been used togreat effect in changing their images, redefining their economies, promotingtourism and stimulating creative local economies. On the other hand, they are

also quite different in other aspects. In this paper we study the role played bypublic and private investment in culture and art venues in these cities: morepublic effort in Barcelona and more private collaboration in Philadelphia. Theobjective is to show lights and shadows of two options and how they result indifferent urban planning models.

Gmez, Mariana, Investigadora del rea de Estudios Urbanos, Instituto deInvestigaciones, Gino Germani, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.Benito Karina, Investigadora de rea de Estudios Culturales, Instituto deInvestigaciones

Transformation of the space in Buenos Aires city: The role of the culturalpolicies from the end of the convertibility.

This research arises immediately after the intensive changes registered in theCity of Buenos Aires, specially linked to the promotion of the tourism and theculture, from the devaluation of the Argentine currency in the year 2002 andwith the consistent one boom tourist". This study proposes to analyze theactions of the local government in the production, elaboration, promotion anddiffusion of the city across the cultural policies. It is a question of analyzing theimpact of such policies on the city of Buenos Aires in its differents modalitiesand the level of development that it has facilitated. In this sense, certain areasof the city turn out to be paradigmatic to describe the orientations of the culturalpolicies, since in them there is constructed a way of "thinking" and "doing" thecity. In this respect, is observed a mercantilizacin of the culture and try toexplain of the role that is playing the cultural policies in the invention, not onlyof the cultural value of the (tangible and intangible) heritage, but also the cultureand the tourism as economic resource.

Gork, Reyhan Varli (Middle East Technical University, TURKEY)[email protected]

Creating the Antalya Golden Orange Eurasia International Film Festivalto Create a New Antalya

In order to compete with other cities, urban elite seek to find new ways for reshaping the city in creative manner. If creativity is a way of discoveringpreviously unseen possibilities it can not be reduced to removing bureaucraticobstacles to creativity which Bianchini and Landry assert in their bookThe Creative City. If it so, in other words, if creativity means merging into neo-liberalpolicies to reduce the role of bureaucracy and politics in the management of theeconomy and to unfetter the business from the burdens imposed upon it by the


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regulatory environment, one can easily believe that the Mayor is the mostcreative actor in Antalya. As he declared in an interview:

I have decided to make Antalya fly. In order to make this possible, I am going to give wayto private sectors. [] We are going to turn the Antalya National Golden Orange FilmFestival into an International one like the Cannes Film Festival. []

This paper aims to analyse the cultural policies for transforming the AntalyaNational Golden Orange Film Festival into an International one. For thispurpose, the field research is conducted in Antalya based on the realistmethodology by using the various tools and techniques of qualitative researchmethod of sociology. Following the Antalya National Golden Orange FilmFestival since 1964, the Golden Orange Eurasia International Film Festivalsince 2005 and the Golden Orange Film Market Fair Events since 2006 are thetwo striking examples toindustrial cultural policy which focuses on the localproduction of cultural goods to be consumed nationally or exported through themass media. Research shows that the crucial intention for organizing theGolden Orange Eurasia International Film Festival can be described as tonominate a fourth center of film industry in Antalya, in between Asia and Europebeside other recognizable centers in the world, namely Hollywood, Europe, andBollywood.

Grossmann, Katrin, UFZ, Germany,[email protected]

Sustainability a virtue out of the necessity

The presentation will explore, how dynamics of urban shrinkage affectsmindsets. The discourse about shrinking cities in Europe, mainly in Germany,announced a shift of paradigms in recent years. The growth paradigm, theassumption that a good performance of a city is characterised by growingeconomic activity, growing size and number of inhabitants, has been challengedby an ever growing number of shrinking cities all over Europe. Because fertilityrates have in many European countries dropped below reproduction level, thistrend is likely to increase (Mykhnenko and Turok 2007, Atlas). But what comesafter the growth paradigm? Probably not a shrinkage paradigm. Widespreadpatterns of thinking that conceptualise city development as dependent oneconomic fortunes, loose ground with the discovery that cities and their population are just as strongly influenced by demographic trends. This then leadto a relatively young discourse among scientists and practitioners about theassets and drawbacks of urban shrinkage. Based on a case study about thediscourse on the shrinking city of Chemnitz in Germany, I will argue that theshrinking process paves the way for concepts that are based on integrativeapproaches to city development. These concepts share a lot of characteristicswith the sustainability debate, like a long-term perspective, the integration of different dimensions of development or the call for participation. It is mainly twofeatures of urban shrinkage that open fields for integrative approaches: 1) aphysical effect: brownfields and housing vacancies call for integrative solutionswhen there is no economic land use pressure. 2) an effect on the process:

when one needs to manage decline instead of steering growth, more integrativegovernance approaches are needed. That brings in different perspectives and


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dimensions of city development. The connection between process and formhere comes from an empirical change of context that irritates dominantconcepts.

Guzmn, Csar Concha, University of Barcelona, Spain,[email protected]

Squatter movement in Europe: Sources of variation and political dynamicof the mobilization

The squatter movement is one of the actors in the urban arena in severalEuropean cities, and in many of them has played a leading role in thecontestation to large urban regeneration plans and new urban policies. Thesquat embodies a form of political claim over urban issues. Despite similarity inthe nature of its political discourse, there are different types of squatting, whichmay represent diverse models of contestation. In cities where the movementwas carried out just during the last two decades (e. g. many Spanish cities), itsdevelopment has taken place along with the raise of housing prices and highrates of real estates construction. Whereas, in European cities which saw theorigins of the squatting as social movement in the early seventies, (e. g.Amsterdam or Milan) this movement has reached a different profile, bothregarding the kind of organizations involved and the institutional responses.Although there is an important tradition of research about social mobilizationboth in the field of social movements theory and urban studies, there is littleinvestigation about radical movements in urban settings. Those investigationshave been formed basically for case studies; which mainly consist of structuralapproaches that use ethnographic or historical methodologies. In these cases,the variation is explained by structural factors in longitudinal perspective. Unlikethese approaches, this presentation aims to identify the set of variables whichbring about the squatter movement emergence in selected cities of WesternEurope, and to distinguish patterns of activation and development of radicalmovements in urban settings by taking into account interactions betweenfactors. In order to illustrate the argument we will show up some evidenceregarding these selected cities.

Haila, [email protected] University of Helsinki and Wing Shing Tang([email protected]) Hong Kong Baptist University

Is there gentrification in China?

The Land and Administration Law of the Peoples Republic of China stipulatesthat land in the urban areas of cities shall belong to the state and land in ruraland suburban areas shall belong to rural collectives. The rapid urbanization hasleft in the middle of urban areas, rural villages (villages-in-the-cities,Chengzhongcun) where peasants cannot anymore cultivate their land nor takerural jobs because they do not have urban household registration. The only

option for these heroes of the socialist period to survive has been to becomelandlords which were in the socialist period regarded as class enemies.


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Peasants have managed to negotiate with the local government for the use of some part of the collectively owned land (less than 10%) (so called keep-on-land (liuyongdi)) to develop housing for immigrants migrating to cities from allover China. As a result urban villages have the whole variety of ethnic diversity:from Hunan to Sichuan. The paper will analyze how the state, local state and

peasant developers co-operate and negotiate in order to develop land andhousing in urban villages and discuss the changes in the class and ethniccomposition in urban villages.

Hatuka,Tali, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA,[email protected].

Circles of Urban Violence: Paris 2005

Many nations today are marked by a growing sense of social alienation, leadingto marginalized and disenfranchised communities increasingly prone to violentactions. Unlike wars, this growing phenomenon takes place on a daily basiswithin the boundaries of nation-states, essentially resulting in a new kind of urban warfare and social aggression over resources and power. To what extentis this warfare derived from racial tensions and class conflict? The paper looksat this socio-spatial dynamic through the concrete place, the public arena, whichserves not merely as a locus to conflicts but is part of it, as a catalyst, as asymbol, as material. Taking the 2005 riots in France as a point of departure thispaper explores the interrelationships of aggression, alienation and urban spacein order to expose the intensifying waves of social aggression within urbanhabitats. The 2005 French riots, provide a case to be recognized for their significance beyond French national boundaries.

Hernndez-Medina, Esther, Brown University, USA,[email protected]

Synergy, Mediation, or Exclusion? Globalization, Citizen Participation and Urban Policy in Mexico City and So Paulo

This paper presents a preliminary analysis of ongoing ethnographic fieldworkabout citizen participation in urban policy in Mexico City and So Paulo. Doesglobalization worsen or, on the contrary, help to transform political inequalities

between elite and marginalized groups? More specifically, why do the two LatinAmerican cities that are most integrated in the global economy follow suchdifferent trajectories of citizen participation in public decision-making in spite of globalizations supposedly homogenizing effects? Mexico City and So Pauloshare striking similarities in terms of their integration into the global economy,the social and spatial changes resulting from such integration, and the crucialroles they play in their countries political structures. Nonetheless, these citiesexhibit divergent paths regarding elite vs. marginalized groups engagementwith the state. Even though elite groups are highly influential in both cities, thereare important differences in terms of marginalized groups participation. Lesspowerful civil society actors are able to influence and, at times, significantly

transform decision-making processes and public policies in So Paulo. Incontrast, their counterparts in Mexico City often fall back into patterns of


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retrenchment since they usually do not have a say regarding public policiesaffecting their lives.

Hillmann, Felicitas, Bremen University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Human

GeographyBig Ships at the Horizon: Genoas transformation of the urban landscape

20 years ago Genoa was an industrial city in decline. The ailing port and heavyindustry on the western outskirts defined the city, and there was hardly anytourism. Today Genoas urban landscape could present itself as a fresh andmodern European city, the vertical city structure had been enhanced, the former port transformed into a tourist magnet. However, the elements of this newurbanity evoke a dja vu: the reconstituted urbanity resembles a facsimile of themodern Europe as portrayed in the urban developers trade journals. It was bothimpulses from outside that prompted Genoa onto this development path, as wellas the endogenous potentials that lead to the accumulation of already existingresources. In my lecture I will entangle the process of transformation and I willshow that governance could be attained rather through soft strategies likestrategical and on the surface democratic forms of planning. Such softstrategies went as well along with the use instruments of European planninglike URBAN II and the participation in big events as catalysators for urbandeveloment. The intelligent re-evaluation of the historical heritage in the center and its integration with modern architecture paved the way for socialrestructuring also. The dismission of the social question and the exclusion of theperiphery turn out to be integral part of the transformation.

Ibarra, Guillermo, Universidad Autnoma de Sinaloa, Mexico,[email protected]

The neoliberal urbanization of Culiacan, environment, and the newgrassroots movements

All kind of cities became global with the new round of capitalist urbanization,notwithstanding of its size and regional location. The cities are facing new

processes of suburbanization, exopolization, physical and social fragmentation,are experiencing a great obsession for security that led to the proliferation of gated communities; it is raising a new flexible and service economy connectedto global markets, new segmented labor markets are arising, it is growing a newunderclass, a new postmodern sensibility, and new political rules commandedby an entrepreneurial elite with public agendas oriented to the competitive of cities. Culiacan, capital of the Northern State of Sinaloa, number 16th in theurban hierarchy of Mexican cities (720,000 inhabitants in 2007), is experiencinga neoliberal urbanization that undermine its historical and ecological landscape,which collapse the riverside of its three waterflows (Humaya, Tamazula andCuliacan). The urbanization is leaded by a few big developers connected with

local commercial retailers (HOMEX, COPPEL, LEY, VIZUR). The entrepreneursintegrated several spurious NGOs for blocking the urban political process, to


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inhibit the grassroots movements that challenge its mega projects. The Coppelgroup has the control of the boards of the Urban Planning Institute of Culiacan,the Botanical Association of Sinaloa, Artistic society of Sinaloa, SinaloaEcoregion, and so on. These organizations rule different projects: the downtownredevelopment, the new urban system transportation, the so-called Riverside

Park. Recently, new urban environmental grassroots movements are pushingfor new rules in the urban political machine, appealing for accountability andtransparency on urban projects. In this paper, we shall analyze the new urbanpolitical actors in Culiacan and the new grassroots movements from theperspective of the critical geography.

Ibarra , Jorge and Blas Valenzuela, [email protected],

Collective participation in the urban restructure process of the inner cityof Los Angles California

Boyle Heights is a poor Mexican barrio located in the inner city of Los Angelescity, featured for to be overcrowded and for the insecurity. Because of this,since 2004 the local government begun to implement in this neighborhood, anurban restructure project called Adelante East Side , which contemplate thecitizen participation and overview throughout community forums where theinhabitants can express their opinion. Notwithstanding, the residents of BoyleHeights have realized that this project is an attempt to evict the poor from thisarea in order to construct high value residential projects, also they found thecommunity forums just as a mechanism to legitimize this capitalist urbanrestructure process . In this sense, this paper analize how the community noware organized by their own means and funds for participate independently fromthe government giving, under their own conditions, a real social sense to theplanning in the city.

Johnston, Lauralyn, York University, Canada,[email protected]

Roller-coasting in the Zwischenstadt: An examination of place andmobility at Canada's Wonderland

This paper explores the mobility and moorings, soft and hard infrastructure and

related image production of Canadas largest private theme park. Usingtheories of the Zwischenstadt and neoliberalism it reveals some of the trends of uneven development that recur in both theories. Beginning with work on themobility turn of geography we can examine the infrastructure or moorings thathave enabled the growth and development of the Zwischenstadt. TheZwischenstadt would not exist in turn without the moorings of mass hyper-mobility, creating unsustainable urban form enabled by the neoliberalizedmarket. This is legitimated by shared cultural understanding of movement andplace, replicated and propagated through image-production and the state. Byexploring mobility and the car-culture of the mega-amusement development onecan address questions of environmental sustainability and equity, access and

competence of infrastructure in the space of flows.


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Jonas, Michael, Institute of Advanced Studies,Department of SociologyWorking Group steps, Stumpergasse 56,A-1060 Vienna,Austria [email protected]

About an urban development strategy: The case of the Dortmund-projectIf one is searching an illustrative example of a neoliberal urban developmentstrategy in Germany, the case of the so called dortmund-project is a good one.With a population of roughly 600,000, Dortmund is one of Germanys larger towns and is part of the Ruhr-area. Until the end of the last century large partsof the local beer, coal and steel industries collapsed and destroyed 80,000 jobs.The demise of the heavy industries has left areas of several hundreds hectarecontaminated grounds, where industrial plants once used to be. Since the year 2000, the so called dortmund-project a ten-year project initiative concernedwith regional development is following the aims of creating 70,000 new jobsand of redeveloping the old industrial spaces. As a rule official statements for example of the Dortmund office for the promotion of trade and industry entailsthe story, that this task force was initiated by the Thyssen-Krupp AG, the localgovernment and the management consultancy McKinsey and Company in goodco-operation to transform the Old Dortmund to the New and fast Dortmund.Using concepts of network sociology and conflict sociology as well as empiricaldata like interviews and others the planned paper calls this story into question. Itanalyses the implementation of the local development strategy and task forceas a result of co-operation and conflict processes between a heterogeneousand by far larger group of actors.

Kalia, Rajesh, ([email protected]) Guru Nanak Dev University

Social implications of the state-led gentrification: A case study of the coreand the periphery areas of the holy city of Amritsar

It is being generally argued that the process of urban development in India andso in Punjab is not equitable and therefore is not sustainable. Social Scienceshave increasingly started to debate the model of development-a direct offshootof globalization-that currently dominates the world. In the recent past, the state-

led gentrification initiatives under Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban RenewalMission (JNNURM) by the municipal corporation in coalition with privatedevelopers have uprooted few hundred families and small businessestablishments from the core of the city of Amritsar. All this has been done inthe name of development and beautification of the area around the GoldenTemple Complex, the most popular holy Sikh shrine. This has led to someserious implications not only for the uprooted working middle class and the poor who have been forced to move to the fringe areas of the city but have alsoaffected the social fabric of the community life. The present study is based onempirical investigations and it (i) explores the logic and motive of state-ledgentrification and the role of private developers. (ii) examines the impact of

displacement on the uprooted in particular and the community life of the city in


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general and (iii) tries to see implications for the working middle class and thepoor on account of this state-led urban restructuring.

Kamibayashi, Chieko, Hosei University, Japan,[email protected]

The Rooting Process of Temporary Migration System in Japan: Focusingon Technical Internship Program

I discuss on Technical Internship Programme in Japan as one form of receivinglow-skilled foreign labour. Technology transfer is a good cause of this system,and under this good cause temporary introduction of foreign labour islegitimized. The system functions well and more enterprises apply for thisprogramme. Technical Internship Programme set up in 1993. This systemconsists of 1 year of training period and 2 years of internship period. Under thissystem almost 170 thousand trainees and interns are training or working inJapan in 2005. A total number of trainees and inters are not limited nor sendingcountries, only limitations are kinds of jobs and number of interns in eachenterprise. The trainees and interns mostly come from China due to cheaper transportation cost, and they work in textile industry as well as food processingand machinery. There are some abuses such as runaway interns, assignmentsof interns to un-permitted enterprises. In spite of those defects of theprogramme, there is no alternative to introduce foreign labour to Japan yet.These foreign workers are indispensable to certain industries which competewith rapid industrializing country China. Foreign trainees and interns arealready structured in Japanese labour market and local reception societies.They are young and hard-working workers who sustain aging community.

Kharlamov, Nikita A., Center for Fundamental Sociology, State University Higher School of Economics,[email protected]

Heterotopia, mobile public space and multiple uses of location: contestedspatial organization in the central mall-square complex in Moscow.

Central public places in world/global metropolises are the very locations whereforces of world-scale social change manifest themselves via the intersection of

flows and fluids of mobile persons, objects and cultures. Such locations holdtogether vastly different kinds of places (work, leisure, tourism), people(workers, tourists, homeless), and activities (vending, wandering, servicing,policing) in shared time and space. The study of this kind or places requiresconstruction of a new conceptual framework and new methodology. The paper applies theoretical resources of new mobilities paradigm (John Urry), study of heterotopias and sociology of space (Henri Lefebvre, Michel Foucault, EdwardSoja), flneur and situationism (Walter Benjamin, Guy Debord, Michel deCerteau) to construct a critical conceptual framework. Such a frameworkpresupposes a methodology of research based on participant observation andexperimenting (simulation of flaneurs action). The practical application of such

framework and method allows for the rich case-study description of specificplaces that serves to recollect the understanding of public spaces constitution


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and movement in the hybrid environment of contemporary metropolis. It will alsoclarify theoretical concepts and explanations. The empirical base for the paper is a study of the mall-square complex of Okhotnyi Ryad situated inManezhnaya square in the very center of Moscow, next to the Red Square. Theresearch has been conducted in the late 2007 early 2008.

Konstantatos, Haris and Dimitra Siatitsa

Culture and Arts in a socially embedded perspective

In recent years, culture, arts and creativity have acquired a central place in thedebate on urban/local development, as a dynamic and highly competitive sector of economic activity and/or as means to successfully combat social exclusionand marginalisation of deprived neighbourhoods. The terms used in this broadrange of theory and policy often result in ambiguities and, at best, in a multi-faceted debate. The present contribution aims to explore some limits of thedominant approaches that correlate cultural and economic development,highlighting contradictions and side effects of the pursued policies, eg. in termsof unequal labour relations or wider issues of social justice. It proposes acontextual reading of socially creative strategies, which may question thehomogenising and universalist approaches that prevail.Drawing from examples which mobilise culture and arts as a resource, aninstrument or an end in itself in the regeneration of urban neighbourhoods, thepaper proposes to analyse how a broader view and practice of arts and culture,incorporating a range of place- or community-specific material practices andknowledge, can foster dynamics to overcome situations of deprivation andsocial alienation. The various perceptions that come out from the different casespoint to a broader view of culture and arts, activated in a multiplicity of ways andin a variety of geographical scales. Moreover, our examples indicate thatsocially embedded strategies and local bottom-up initiatives have many aspectsand effects: personal/symbolic, political/ ideological and developmental.

Kulatilake, Ranjith, York University, Canada,[email protected].

Identity Politics and the Production of Space in Neoliberal Sri Lanka

How can the recent upsurge of ethno-nationalisms and the civil war in Sri Lankabe understood as a reaction to and as an accomplice of globalization, stirred upby the neoliberal economic policies introduced in late 1970s? How doneoliberal, neocolonial interventions reframe nationalist ideologies in theproduction of space? This paper argues that nationalism is a social, cultural andhistorical phenomenon as well as a powerful means of producing and utilizingspace. The projection of Sri Lanka as 'the motherland' created by the dominantSinhalese Buddhist ideology continues to alienate the non-Sinhalese, non-Buddhists. On the other hand, the concept of the 'traditional Tamil homeland' of the Tamil Hindus in the North and the East of the country represents separation

from the majority ethnic group while marginalizing the minority Sinhalese andMuslims living in these regions. In what ways does neoliberalism fuel these


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ideologies? This paper explores the interface between neoliberalism andidentity politics that exploits space as a commodity for consumption.

Lehrer, Ute ([email protected]) York University, Canada

Condofication: State-led gentrification in Toronto and its unintendedconsequence

Over the past ten years Toronto has seen an unprecedented condominiumboom that had significant impact on the socio-economic composition of largeparts of the inner city. This paper critically investigates the unintendedconsequences of state-led policy documents on a local and regional level,which, under the framework of sustainability, had asked for an intensification of the already built up areas in the City of Toronto. The paper argues thatTorontos condominium boom represents a subtle and not yet scrutinizedenough form of state led gentrification that not only responds to structuralfeatures of the political economy, but also represents a state led strategy todisplace the obstacles to capital accumulation, such as low-incomepopulations, members of Torontos working class, the poor and ethnic minoritygroups (as well as the space of production and reproduction they inhabit) frominner city areas that have been identified as potential sites to be reconnected tothe circuits of capital by transferring them to higher and better uses. Initiatedby state-led policies that contributed to new-build gentrification, Toronto is aprolific example to discuss the accidental consequences that these policieshave on a city that prides itself to be balanced in its socio-economic and ethnicmix. What

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