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Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value...

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Accuracy & Precision
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Page 1: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

Accuracy & Precision

Page 2: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

Fundamental principle of measuring:

No measurement is exact and the truevalue is never known

Accuracy & Precision

Page 3: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

Accuracy & Precision

Accuracy - degree of perfection obtained in a measurement. Accuracy is how close a measured value is to the actual (true) value.

Precision - the closeness of one measurement to another, Precision is how close the measured values are to each other.

Page 4: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

Precision refers to the repeatability of measurement. It does not require us to

know the correct or true value. If each day for several years a clock reads exactly 10:17 AM when the sun is at the zenith, this clock

is very precise.

Page 5: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

The smaller the unit you use to measure with, the more precise the measurement is.

In mathematics and physics, it is necessary to make measurements that are as precise as you can make

them. This requires that you use measuring instruments with smaller units.

Page 6: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.
Page 7: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

Target #1

This target grouping is accurate

Accuracy - is how close a measured value is to the actual (true) value.

Page 8: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

Target #2

This target grouping is precise

Precision - is how close the measured values are to each other.

Page 9: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

Target #3

This target grouping is accurate and precise

Accuracy - degree of perfection obtained in a measurement

Precision - the closeness of one measurement to another

Page 10: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

Accuracy and Precision

Better precision does not necessarily mean better accuracy

Page 11: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

Examples

• The scales read "1 kg" when there is nothing on them

• You always measure your height wearing shoes with thick soles.

• A stopwatch that takes half a second to stop when clicked.

Page 12: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

Error

Source of Errors• Personal Errors - no surveyor has perfect

senses of sight and touch• Instrument Errors - devices cannot be

manufactured perfectly, wear and tear,

and compatibility with other components• Natural Errors - temperature, wind,

moisture, magnetic variation, etc.

Page 13: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

CONCEPTO DE ERROR

Existen dos tipos de errores en el proceso de medición:

1. ERRORES SISTEMÁTICOS. Tienen que ver con la metodología del proceso de medida (forma de realizar la medida):

• Calibrado del aparato. Normalmente errores en la puesta a cero. En algunos casos errores de fabricación del aparato de medida que desplazan la escala.

• Error de paralaje: cuando un observador mira oblicuamente un indicador (aguja, superficie de un líquido,...) y la escala del aparato.

Page 14: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

Errores accidentales o aleatorios. Se producen por causas difíciles de controlar: momento de iniciar una medida de tiempo, colocación de la cinta métrica, etc.

Page 15: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

CONCEPTO DE INCERTIDUMBRE

• Las medidas exactas y precisas son una parte importante de las ciencias pero ninguna medición es absolutamente precisa. Existe una incertidumbre (duda) asociada con toda medición.

Page 16: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

CALCULO DEL ERROR O INCERTIDUMBRE

1. INCERTIDUMBRE ABSOLUTA: Mínima división del instrumento

Ejemplo:• Medición de una longitud con una regla:

L = 3.7 cmEn este caso la incertidumbre absoluta de la longitud es 0.1 cm pues es la mínima división de una regla y se denota como ΔL. Se escribe entonces que:

L ±ΔL= 3.7 ± 0.1 cm

Page 17: Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

INCERTIDUMBRE PORCENTUAL:

• Ejemplo:

De acuerdo al ejemplo anterior si quiero sacar el porcentaje de error de esta medición (%ΔL) para determinar que tan precisa fue aplico la siguiente ecuación:

Entonces para nuestra medición:

Lo cual significa que el porcentaje de error o incertidumbre porcentual es 3%.


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