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 ACID-BASE BALANCE

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 Acid-Base Balance

• Our acidity defines us. It’s a delicate balance, wit!ut wic

life cann!t be su""!rted. All !ur internal ce#ical reacti!ns

can !nly ta$e "lace witin te ri%t acid-base en&ir!n#ent.

• Ce#ical balance in te b!dy is re%ulated by acidity !r

al$alinity, wic is #easured by te "' &alue•  Acid

• substance tat releases '( i!n wen diss!l&ed in water 

•Base• substance tat will bind wit '( i!n wen diss!l&ed in water 

• Arterial bl!!d %as )AB*+ analysis is te best way t! e&aluate

acid-base balance and !y%enati!n at te cellular le&el

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 AcidBase C!#"ensati!n• Lun%s- ecrete carb!nic

acid• Eli#inates !r retains carb!nic

acid

• ery fastefficient t! res"!nd t!

can%e• Alters ratede"t !f

res"irati!ns

• /aster rate !r #!re de"t -

eli#inates CO0 and "'

rises• Sl!wer rate !r less de"t

retains CO0 and "' l!wers

 

•

1idneys- ecrete#etab!lic acids• 2e%ulate by selecti&ely

ecretin% !r c!nser&in%

bicarb!nate and ydr!%en

i!ns

• Sl!wer t! res"!nd t!

can%e

• 3a$es !urs t! days t!

rest!re '( i!n

c!ncentrati!n.

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Causes !f Acid-Base Balance

Metabolic AcidosisDiabetic ketoacidosisDiarrheaRenal failureShockAspirin overdose- in green

HESI bookSepsis

Metabolic AlkalosisLoss of gastric secretionsOveruse of antacids! "asting diuretics

Respirator# AcidosisH#poventilation$O%DAir"a# obstructionDrug overdose$hest trau&a%ul&onar# ede&a'euro&uscular disease

Respirator# AlkalosisH#perventilationH#po(iaAn(iet#High altitude%regnanc#)ever 

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"'

•N!r#al &alues 4.56 to *+,• C!#"atible wit life 7.8 - 8.9

• B!dy fluids #aintained n!r#al &alues by:

• Buffers, 2es"irat!ry syste#, 2enal syste#

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 AB*’s: ;easurin% Acid-Base

• AB*>56-?6>>>##'*•  Arterial carb!n di!ide- Carb!nic Acid

• 'CO5: >>00-07>>#E=L• Bicarb!nate

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 AB* Inter"retati!n

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Let’s @lay 3ic-3ac-3!e

@atient

• "': 4.57

• @aCO0: ?5• 'CO5: 00

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@atient 0

• "': 4.50

• @aCO0: ?• 'CO5: 0?

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@atient 5

• "': 4.0

• @aCO0: ?9• 'CO5:

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@atient ?

• "': 4.?6

• @aCO0: 59• 'CO5:

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@atient 6

• "': 4.60

• @aCO0: ?5• 'CO5: 5