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ACID-BASE BALANCE
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Acid-Base Balance
• Our acidity defines us. It’s a delicate balance, wit!ut wic
life cann!t be su""!rted. All !ur internal ce#ical reacti!ns
can !nly ta$e "lace witin te ri%t acid-base en&ir!n#ent.
• Ce#ical balance in te b!dy is re%ulated by acidity !r
al$alinity, wic is #easured by te "' &alue• Acid
• substance tat releases '( i!n wen diss!l&ed in water
•Base• substance tat will bind wit '( i!n wen diss!l&ed in water
• Arterial bl!!d %as )AB*+ analysis is te best way t! e&aluate
acid-base balance and !y%enati!n at te cellular le&el
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AcidBase C!#"ensati!n• Lun%s- ecrete carb!nic
acid• Eli#inates !r retains carb!nic
acid
• ery fastefficient t! res"!nd t!
can%e• Alters ratede"t !f
res"irati!ns
• /aster rate !r #!re de"t -
eli#inates CO0 and "'
rises• Sl!wer rate !r less de"t
retains CO0 and "' l!wers
•
1idneys- ecrete#etab!lic acids• 2e%ulate by selecti&ely
ecretin% !r c!nser&in%
bicarb!nate and ydr!%en
i!ns
• Sl!wer t! res"!nd t!
can%e
• 3a$es !urs t! days t!
rest!re '( i!n
c!ncentrati!n.
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Causes !f Acid-Base Balance
Metabolic AcidosisDiabetic ketoacidosisDiarrheaRenal failureShockAspirin overdose- in green
HESI bookSepsis
Metabolic AlkalosisLoss of gastric secretionsOveruse of antacids! "asting diuretics
Respirator# AcidosisH#poventilation$O%DAir"a# obstructionDrug overdose$hest trau&a%ul&onar# ede&a'euro&uscular disease
Respirator# AlkalosisH#perventilationH#po(iaAn(iet#High altitude%regnanc#)ever
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"'
•N!r#al &alues 4.56 to *+,• C!#"atible wit life 7.8 - 8.9
• B!dy fluids #aintained n!r#al &alues by:
• Buffers, 2es"irat!ry syste#, 2enal syste#
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AB*’s: ;easurin% Acid-Base
• AB*>56-?6>>>##'*• Arterial carb!n di!ide- Carb!nic Acid
• 'CO5: >>00-07>>#E=L• Bicarb!nate
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AB* Inter"retati!n
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Let’s @lay 3ic-3ac-3!e
@atient
• "': 4.57
• @aCO0: ?5• 'CO5: 00
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@atient 0
• "': 4.50
• @aCO0: ?• 'CO5: 0?
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@atient 5
• "': 4.0
• @aCO0: ?9• 'CO5:
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@atient ?
• "': 4.?6
• @aCO0: 59• 'CO5:
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@atient 6
• "': 4.60
• @aCO0: ?5• 'CO5: 5