ACIDSACIDS BASESBASES

SALTSSALTS

Acids, Bases and Salts

The word acids comes from one of its characteristic properties, its taste.

ACIDS = “acidus” (latin word) meaning sour.

ACIDS = “acidus” (latin word) meaning sour.

ACIDSACIDSAcids

Acids

An acid is a substance that releases H+ ions in an aqueous solution

An aqueous solution is a solution that contains water.

HCl H+ + Cl-

Bases are substances that are very slippery to touch and have

a strong bitter taste.

Bases are substances that are very slippery to touch and have

a strong bitter taste.

BASESBASES Bases

Bases

A base is a substance that releases OH- ions in an aqueous solution

NaOH Na+ + OH-

SALTSSALTS

Salts are formed by the bonding of a metal with a non-metal.

They are often used to change the physical properties of various solutions by lowering the

freezing points or raising the boiling points

Salts are formed by the bonding of a metal with a non-metal.

They are often used to change the physical properties of various solutions by lowering the

freezing points or raising the boiling points

Salts

Salts

Salts dissolve in water to produce ions (not including H+ or OH-)

NaCl Na+ + Cl-

Litmus paper is a type of indicator(thin strip of paper that is

dipped into a solution)

2 Types: Blue Litmus Paper Red Litmus Paper

ACIDS – Turn blue litmus paper red

BASES – Turn red litmus paper blue

ACIDS – Turn blue litmus paper red

BASES – Turn red litmus paper blue

(USED TO DETECT ACIDS OR BASES)(USED TO DETECT ACIDS OR BASES)

BB

SALTS – most salts are neutral

Indicators

An indicator is a chemical used to tell if a liquid is an acid, base or neutral

Phenolphthalein is another type of indicator

Bases turn clear phenolphthalein pink

Indicators

ElectricalConductivity

Magnesium Taste/Touch

LitmusPaper

ACIDH+ ions

YESReaction to

produce hydrogen

Sour Turns red

BASEOH- ions

YES No ReactionBitter/

Slippery Turns Blue

SALTOther ions

YES No Reaction SaltyNo

change in colour

Electrolytes – solutions that conduct electricityElectrolytes – solutions that conduct electricity

Properties of Acids, Bases and Salts

Chemically neutral – means does not contain an acid or

base

“Making a solution chemically neutral”

Neutralize it with a baseNeutralize it with a base

Neutralize it with an acidNeutralize it with an acid

Acids and bases neutralize each other forming a salt and water

Ex. Acid + Base = Salt + water

Acids and bases neutralize each other forming a salt and water

Ex. Acid + Base = Salt + water

Acids, bases and salts conduct electricityAcids, bases and salts conduct electricity

Tap water

-will conduct

-(free ions around)

Tap water

-will conduct

-(free ions around)

Distilled water

-does not

-conduct

-(no free ions!)

Distilled water

-does not

-conduct

-(no free ions!)

o Review chart: (very important!)

ElectricalConductivity

Magnesium Taste/Touch

LitmusPaper

ACIDYES Reaction Sour Turns

red

BASEYES No Reaction

Bitter/Slippery Turns

Blue

SALTYES No Reaction Salty

Depends on the

solution

Worksheet # 1 Study guide, Module 3, page 2