Activated Sludge Process (ASP)

Activated Sludge Process (ASP):The activated sludge process (ASP) is an aerobic continuous biological process. This

process can be used to remove dissolved organic, biodegradable substances and

nitrogenous compounds from wastewater. It is the most widely used biological

wastewater treatment process.

Applications of ASP

Oxidation of Carbonaceous biological matter in

Municipal Wastewater

Oxidation of Nitrogenous matter in Municipal

Wastewater

Oxidation of Carbonaceous biological matter in Industrial

Wastewater

Oxidation of Nitrogenous matter in Industrial

Wastewater

Complete Supply Unit with Trainer

Schematic representation of an ASPSensors & Stirrers

Trainer

King Abdulaziz University

Faculty of Engineering, Rabigh

Dep. of Chemical & Mat. Engineering

Ion Exchange Demonstration Unit

Ion Exchange Process :Ion Exchange involves ions from a liquid being bonded onto the surface of a suitable

Solid and other ions being given up to the liquid in return. This enables substances to

be removed from solutions. The solid that takes up the ions from the liquid is known

as the ion exchanger.

Applications of Ion Exchangers

Water Softening Dealkalisation of Water Total Demineralisation of Water

Ion Exchange Unit

P

Ion Exchange Unit Layout

King Abdulaziz University

Faculty of Engineering, Rabigh

Dep. of Chemical & Mat. Engineering

Anaerobic Digester

Anaerobic Digestion Process:

Anaerobic processes involve bacteria that function only in the absence of air. In this

process the organic matter is broken down by a consortium of microorganisms in the

absence of oxygen and lead to the formation of digest-ate and biogas which mainly

consist of methane and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic digestion works best at 30 – 60°C.

Between 30 and 40°C, mesophilic bacteria are the principal micro-organisms present.

At 40 – 60°C, thermophilic bacteria are used.

Applications of Anaerobic Digestion

Industrial effluent treatment

Municipal Waste treatment

Sewage Sludge treatment

Agricultural wastes treatment

Anaerobic Digester Unit

Side View of Anaerobic Digester

Front View of Anaerobic Digester

Anaerobic Digester Flow Diagram

Rear View of Anaerobic Digester

1 and 2. Reactors

3. Peristaltic Pump

4. Feed inlet pipe

5. Gas Seal

6. Packing

7. Buffer Vessel

8. Overflow

9. Variable speed Peristaltic Pump

10. Central pipe

11. Gas Seal

12 and 13. Calibrated gas collecting vessels of 5 litre capacity

14 and 15. Electrical heating mats

16 and 17. Temperature Sensors

18. 10 turn potentiometer

19. Toggle Switch

21 and 22. BNC Sockets

23. Output Socket

24. Mains Power Input Socket

25. Residual current circuit breaker

26. Miniature Circuit Breakers

27 and 28. Electrical output Sockets

29. Valve

30. Hand hole

31. Overflow

32. Drain valve

King Abdulaziz University

Faculty of Engineering, Rabigh

Dep. of Chemical & Mat. Engineering

Reverse Osmosis

Applications

Wastewater treatment Plants

Water treatment Chemical purification Pore size filtering

Spiral wound membrane module

King Abdulaziz University

Faculty of Engineering, Rabigh

Dep. of Chemical & Mat. Engineering

Membrane separation:A membrane envelope is made up of two membranes with a porous spacer betweenthem. The spacers together with the membrane envelopes are wound spirally aroundthe permeate collecting tube. The salt solution arrives at the front face of the moduleand flows axially between the envelopes. The semi-permeable membrane ispermeable to water (permeate) but not to dissolved NaCl.

1 permeate, 2 raw water, 3 spacer, 4 membrane envelope, 5 retentate, 6 permeate collecting tube

1 spiral wound membrane module, 2 retentate, 3 permeate, 4 retentate valve, 5 distilled water, 6 raw water (salt solution), 7 permeate, 8 pump, 9 overflow valve, 10 pulsation damper; P pressure, F flow rate, T temperature, E conductivity

Biofilm process

Applications

Wastewater treatment Plants

Aerobic biofilm processes

Practical experiment Concentration profile

Carrier material for biofilm

King Abdulaziz University

Faculty of Engineering, Rabigh

Dep. of Chemical & Mat. Engineering

Trickling filters:A pump transports the wastewater from the supply unit to the upper end of the

trickling filter. The wastewater drops down on the trickling filter using a rotary

distributor. In the trickling filter there is a fixed bed consisting of special carrier

material. On this carrier material there is a thin layer of microorganisms (biofilm).

While the wastewater trickles through the fixed bed, the microorganisms clean the

wastewater by biological processes.

1 wastewater tank, 2 collecting tank, 3 secondary clarifier, 4

return sludge, 5 trickling filter, 6 air, 7 recirculation, 8

wastewater; F flow rate

Fixed biofilm processes

• functional principle of a trickling filter

• recording of concentration profiles

• creation of a stable operating state

• identification of the following influencing

factors

• flow rate of recirculation

• volumetric loading of the trickling filter

• surface loading of the trickling filter

• comparison of various carrier materials